1
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Xue E, Lee ACK, Chow KT, Ng DKP. Promotion and Detection of Cell-Cell Interactions through a Bioorthogonal Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17334-17347. [PMID: 38767615 PMCID: PMC11212048 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Manipulation of cell-cell interactions via cell surface modification is crucial in tissue engineering and cell-based therapy. To be able to monitor intercellular interactions, it can also provide useful information for understanding how the cells interact and communicate. We report herein a facile bioorthogonal strategy to promote and monitor cell-cell interactions. It involves the use of a maleimide-appended tetrazine-caged boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based fluorescent probe and a maleimide-substituted bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) to modify the membrane of macrophage (RAW 264.7) and cancer (HT29, HeLa, and A431) cells, respectively, via maleimide-thiol conjugation. After modification, the two kinds of cells interact strongly through inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of the surface tetrazine and BCN moieties. The coupling also disrupts the tetrazine quenching unit, restoring the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY core on the cell-cell interface, and promotes phagocytosis. Hence, this approach can promote and facilitate the detection of intercellular interactions, rendering it potentially useful for macrophage-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn
Y. Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin,
N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan Chun Kit Lee
- School
of Life Sciences, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan T. Chow
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin,
N.T., Hong Kong, China
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2
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Xiao H, Xi K, Wang K, Zhou Y, Dong B, Xie J, Xie Y, Zhang H, Ma G, Wang W, Feng D, Guo B, Wu S. Restoring the Function of Thalamocortical Circuit Through Correcting Thalamic Kv3.2 Channelopathy Normalizes Fear Extinction Impairments in a PTSD Mouse Model. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305939. [PMID: 38102998 PMCID: PMC10916658 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Impaired extinction of fear memory is one of the most common symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with limited therapeutic strategies due to the poor understanding of its underlying neural substrates. In this study, functional screening is performed and identified hyperactivity in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) during fear extinction. Furthermore, the encoding patterns of the hyperactivated MD is investigated during persistent fear responses using multiple machine learning algorithms. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is also identified as a functional downstream region of the MD that mediates the extinction of fear memory. The thalamocortical circuit is comprehensively analyzed and found that the MD-ACC parvalbumin interneurons circuit is preferentially enhanced in PTSD mice, disrupting the local excitatory and inhibitory balance. It is found that decreased phosphorylation of the Kv3.2 channel contributed to the hyperactivated MD, primarily to the malfunctioning thalamocortical circuit. Using a lipid nanoparticle-based RNA therapy strategy, channelopathy is corrected via a methoxylated siRNA targeting the protein phosphatase 6 catalytic subunit and restored fear memory extinction in PTSD mice. These findings highlight the function of the thalamocortical circuit in PTSD-related impaired extinction of fear memory and provide therapeutic insights into Kv3.2-targeted RNA therapy for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Xiao
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Kaiwen Xi
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
- Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLANanjing210000China
| | - Baowen Dong
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Jinyi Xie
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Yuqiao Xie
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Guaiguai Ma
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
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3
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Bartsch CJ, Jacobs JT, Mojahed N, Qasem E, Smith M, Caldwell O, Aaflaq S, Nordman JC. Visualizing traumatic stress-induced structural plasticity in a medial amygdala pathway using mGRASP. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1313635. [PMID: 38098941 PMCID: PMC10720331 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1313635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic stress has been shown to contribute to persistent behavioral changes, yet the underlying neural pathways are not fully explored. Structural plasticity, a form of long-lasting neural adaptability, offers a plausible mechanism. To scrutinize this, we used the mGRASP imaging technique to visualize synaptic modifications in a pathway formed between neurons of the posterior ventral segment of the medial amygdala and ventrolateral segment of the ventromedial hypothalamus (MeApv-VmHvl), areas we previously showed to be involved in stress-induced excessive aggression. We subjected mice (7-8 weeks of age) to acute stress through foot shocks, a reliable and reproducible form of traumatic stress, and compared synaptic changes to control animals. Our data revealed an increase in synapse formation within the MeApv-VmHvl pathway post-stress as evidenced by an increase in mGRASP puncta and area. Chemogenetic inhibition of CaMKIIα-expressing neurons in the MeApv during the stressor led to reduced synapse formation, suggesting that the structural changes were driven by excitatory activity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, we administered the NMDAR antagonist MK-801, which effectively blocked the stress-induced synaptic changes. These findings suggest a strong link between traumatic stress and enduring structural changes in an MeApv-VmHvl neural pathway. Furthermore, our data point to NMDAR-dependent mechanisms as key contributors to these synaptic changes. This structural plasticity could offer insights into persistent behavioral consequences of traumatic stress, such as symptoms of PTSD and social deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacob C. Nordman
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
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4
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Jeong S, Kang HW, Kim SH, Hong GS, Nam MH, Seong J, Yoon ES, Cho IJ, Chung S, Bang S, Kim HN, Choi N. Integration of reconfigurable microchannels into aligned three-dimensional neural networks for spatially controllable neuromodulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0925. [PMID: 36897938 PMCID: PMC10005277 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropically organized neural networks are indispensable routes for functional connectivity in the brain, which remains largely unknown. While prevailing animal models require additional preparation and stimulation-applying devices and have exhibited limited capabilities regarding localized stimulation, no in vitro platform exists that permits spatiotemporal control of chemo-stimulation in anisotropic three-dimensional (3D) neural networks. We present the integration of microchannels seamlessly into a fibril-aligned 3D scaffold by adapting a single fabrication principle. We investigated the underlying physics of elastic microchannels' ridges and interfacial sol-gel transition of collagen under compression to determine a critical window of geometry and strain. We demonstrated the spatiotemporally resolved neuromodulation in an aligned 3D neural network by local deliveries of KCl and Ca2+ signal inhibitors, such as tetrodotoxin, nifedipine, and mibefradil, and also visualized Ca2+ signal propagation with a speed of ~3.7 μm/s. We anticipate that our technology will pave the way to elucidate functional connectivity and neurological diseases associated with transsynaptic propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon Jeong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- MEPSGEN Co. Ltd., Seoul 05836, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- SK Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Seongnam 13494, Korea
| | - Gyu-Sang Hong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
| | - Eui-Sung Yoon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seokyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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5
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Halmi CA, Wu CY, Taneyhill LA. Neural crest cell-placodal neuron interactions are mediated by Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin during early chick trigeminal ganglion assembly. F1000Res 2022; 11:741. [PMID: 36128560 PMCID: PMC9475207 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122686.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Arising at distinct positions in the head, the cranial ganglia are crucial for integrating various sensory inputs. The largest of these ganglia is the trigeminal ganglion, which relays pain, touch and temperature information through its three primary nerve branches to the central nervous system. The trigeminal ganglion and its nerves are composed of derivatives of two critical embryonic cell types, neural crest cells and placode cells, that migrate from different anatomical locations, coalesce together, and differentiate to form trigeminal sensory neurons and supporting glia. While the dual cellular origin of the trigeminal ganglion has been known for over 60 years, molecules expressed by neural crest cells and placode cells that regulate initial ganglion assembly remain obscure. Prior studies revealed the importance of cell surface cadherin proteins during early trigeminal gangliogenesis, with Cadherin-7 and neural cadherin (N-cadherin) expressed in neural crest cells and placode cells, respectively. Although cadherins typically interact in a homophilic ( i.e., like) fashion, the presence of different cadherins on these intermingling cell populations raises the question as to whether heterophilic cadherin interactions may also be occurring during initial trigeminal ganglion formation, which was the aim of this study. Methods: To assess potential interactions between Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin, we used biochemistry and innovative imaging assays conducted in vitro and in vivo, including in the forming chick trigeminal ganglion. Results: Our data revealed a physical interaction between Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin. Conclusions: These studies identify a new molecular basis by which neural crest cells and placode cells can aggregate in vivo to build the trigeminal ganglion during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A. Halmi
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Chyong-Yi Wu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Lisa A. Taneyhill
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
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6
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Halmi CA, Wu CY, Taneyhill LA. Neural crest cell-placodal neuron interactions are mediated by Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin during early chick trigeminal ganglion assembly. F1000Res 2022. [PMID: 36128560 DOI: 10.13016/llyh-dppy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Arising at distinct positions in the head, the cranial ganglia are crucial for integrating various sensory inputs. The largest of these ganglia is the trigeminal ganglion, which relays pain, touch and temperature information through its three primary nerve branches to the central nervous system. The trigeminal ganglion and its nerves are composed of derivatives of two critical embryonic cell types, neural crest cells and placode cells, that migrate from different anatomical locations, coalesce together, and differentiate to form trigeminal sensory neurons and supporting glia. While the dual cellular origin of the trigeminal ganglion has been known for over 60 years, molecules expressed by neural crest cells and placode cells that regulate initial ganglion assembly remain obscure. Prior studies revealed the importance of cell surface cadherin proteins during early trigeminal gangliogenesis, with Cadherin-7 and neural cadherin (N-cadherin) expressed in neural crest cells and placode cells, respectively. Although cadherins typically interact in a homophilic ( i.e., like) fashion, the presence of different cadherins on these intermingling cell populations raises the question as to whether heterophilic cadherin interactions may also be occurring during initial trigeminal ganglion formation, which was the aim of this study. Methods: To assess potential interactions between Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin, we used biochemistry and innovative imaging assays conducted in vitro and in vivo, including in the forming chick trigeminal ganglion. Results: Our data revealed a physical interaction between Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin. Conclusions: These studies identify a new molecular basis by which neural crest cells and placode cells can aggregate in vivo to build the trigeminal ganglion during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Halmi
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Chyong-Yi Wu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.,U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Lisa A Taneyhill
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
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7
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Halmi CA, Wu CY, Taneyhill LA. Neural crest cell-placodal neuron interactions are mediated by Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin during early chick trigeminal ganglion assembly. F1000Res 2022; 11:741. [PMID: 36128560 PMCID: PMC9475207 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122686.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Arising at distinct positions in the head, the cranial ganglia are crucial for integrating various sensory inputs. The largest of these ganglia is the trigeminal ganglion, which relays pain, touch and temperature information through its three primary nerve branches to the central nervous system. The trigeminal ganglion and its nerves are composed of derivatives of two critical embryonic cell types, neural crest cells and placode cells, that migrate from different anatomical locations, coalesce together, and differentiate to form trigeminal sensory neurons and supporting glia. While the dual cellular origin of the trigeminal ganglion has been known for over 60 years, molecules expressed by neural crest cells and placode cells that regulate initial ganglion assembly remain obscure. Prior studies revealed the importance of cell surface cadherin proteins during early trigeminal gangliogenesis, with Cadherin-7 and neural cadherin (N-cadherin) expressed in neural crest cells and placode cells, respectively. Although cadherins typically interact in a homophilic ( i.e., like) fashion, the presence of different cadherins expressed in neural crest cells and placode cells raises the question as to whether heterophilic cadherin interactions may also be occurring. Given this, the aim of the study was to understand whether Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin were interacting during initial trigeminal ganglion formation. Methods: To assess potential interactions between Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin, we used biochemistry and innovative imaging assays conducted in vitro and in vivo, including in the forming chick trigeminal ganglion. Results: Our data revealed a physical interaction between Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin. Conclusions: These studies identify a new molecular basis by which neural crest cells and placode cells can aggregate in vivo to build the trigeminal ganglion during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A. Halmi
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Chyong-Yi Wu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Lisa A. Taneyhill
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
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8
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Jeon H, Lee H, Kwon DH, Kim J, Tanaka-Yamamoto K, Yook JS, Feng L, Park HR, Lim YH, Cho ZH, Paek SH, Kim J. Topographic connectivity and cellular profiling reveal detailed input pathways and functionally distinct cell types in the subthalamic nucleus. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110439. [PMID: 35235786 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) controls psychomotor activity and is an efficient therapeutic deep brain stimulation target in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Despite evidence indicating position-dependent therapeutic effects and distinct functions within the STN, the input circuit and cellular profile in the STN remain largely unclear. Using neuroanatomical techniques, we construct a comprehensive connectivity map of the indirect and hyperdirect pathways in the mouse STN. Our circuit- and cellular-level connectivities reveal a topographically graded organization with three types of indirect and hyperdirect pathways (external globus pallidus only, STN only, and collateral). We confirm consistent pathways into the human STN by 7 T MRI-based tractography. We identify two functional types of topographically distinct glutamatergic STN neurons (parvalbumin [PV+/-]) with synaptic connectivity from indirect and hyperdirect pathways. Glutamatergic PV+ STN neurons contribute to burst firing. These data suggest a complex interplay of information integration within the basal ganglia underlying coordinated movement control and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungju Jeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea
| | - Hojin Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kwon
- Neuroscience Convergence Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jang Soo Yook
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea
| | - Linqing Feng
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lim
- Neurosurgery, Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology (AICT), Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Zang-Hee Cho
- Neuroscience Convergence Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Neurosurgery, Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology (AICT), Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
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9
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Baek SJ, Park JS, Kim J, Yamamoto Y, Tanaka-Yamamoto K. VTA-projecting cerebellar neurons mediate stress-dependent depression-like behaviors. eLife 2022; 11:72981. [PMID: 35156922 PMCID: PMC8843095 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cerebellar alterations have been implicated in stress symptoms, the exact contribution of the cerebellum to stress symptoms remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated the crucial role of cerebellar neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the development of chronic stress-induced behavioral alterations in mice. Chronic chemogenetic activation of inhibitory Purkinje cells in crus I suppressed c-Fos expression in the DN and an increase in immobility in the tail suspension test or forced swimming test, which were triggered by chronic stress application. The combination of adeno-associated virus-based circuit mapping and electrophysiological recording identified network connections from crus I to the VTA via the dentate nucleus (DN) of the deep cerebellar nuclei. Furthermore, chronic inhibition of specific neurons in the DN that project to the VTA prevented stressed mice from showing such depression-like behavior, whereas chronic activation of these neurons alone triggered behavioral changes that were comparable with the depression-like behaviors triggered by chronic stress application. Our results indicate that the VTA-projecting cerebellar neurons proactively regulate the development of depression-like behavior, raising the possibility that cerebellum may be an effective target for the prevention of depressive disorders in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ji Baek
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Jiang Y, Chen W, Liu M, Wang Y, Meijering E. DeepRayburst for Automatic Shape Analysis of Tree-Like Structures in Biomedical Images. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 26:2204-2215. [PMID: 34727041 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2021.3124514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Precise quantification of tree-like structures from biomedical images, such as neuronal shape reconstruction and retinal blood vessel caliber estimation, is increasingly important in understanding normal function and pathologic processes in biology. Some handcrafted methods have been proposed for this purpose in recent years. However, they are designed only for a specific application. In this paper, we propose a shape analysis algorithm, DeepRayburst, that can be applied to many different applications based on a Multi-Feature Rayburst Sampling (MFRS) and a Dual Channel Temporal Convolutional Network (DC-TCN). Specifically, we first generate a Rayburst Sampling (RS) core containing a set of multidirectional rays. Then the MFRS is designed by extending each ray of the RS to multiple parallel rays which extract a set of feature sequences. A Gaussian kernel is then used to fuse these feature sequences and outputs one feature sequence. Furthermore, we design a DC-TCN to make the rays terminate on the surface of tree-like structures according to the fused feature sequence. Finally, by analyzing the distribution patterns of the terminated rays, the algorithm can serve multiple shape analysis applications of tree-like structures. Experiments on three different applications, including soma shape reconstruction, neuronal shape reconstruction, and vessel caliber estimation, confirm that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art shape analysis methods, which demonstrate its flexibility and robustness.
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11
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Thalamic circuits for independent control of prefrontal signal and noise. Nature 2021; 600:100-104. [PMID: 34614503 PMCID: PMC8636261 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the mediodorsal thalamus and the prefrontal cortex are critical for cognition. Studies in humans indicate that these interactions may resolve uncertainty in decision-making1, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. Here we identify two distinct mediodorsal projections to the prefrontal cortex that have complementary mechanistic roles in decision-making under uncertainty. Specifically, we found that a dopamine receptor (D2)-expressing projection amplifies prefrontal signals when task inputs are sparse and a kainate receptor (GRIK4) expressing-projection suppresses prefrontal noise when task inputs are dense but conflicting. Collectively, our data suggest that there are distinct brain mechanisms for handling uncertainty due to low signals versus uncertainty due to high noise, and provide a mechanistic entry point for correcting decision-making abnormalities in disorders that have a prominent prefrontal component2–6. Two different cell types in the mediodorsal thalamus have complementary roles in decision-making, with one type of mediodorsal projection amplifying prefrontal activity under low signal levels and one type suppressing it under high noise levels.
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12
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Mukherjee A, Bajwa N, Lam NH, Porrero C, Clasca F, Halassa MM. Variation of connectivity across exemplar sensory and associative thalamocortical loops in the mouse. eLife 2020; 9:e62554. [PMID: 33103997 PMCID: PMC7644223 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus engages in sensation, action, and cognition, but the structure underlying these functions is poorly understood. Thalamic innervation of associative cortex targets several interneuron types, modulating dynamics and influencing plasticity. Is this structure-function relationship distinct from that of sensory thalamocortical systems? Here, we systematically compared function and structure across a sensory and an associative thalamocortical loop in the mouse. Enhancing excitability of mediodorsal thalamus, an associative structure, resulted in prefrontal activity dominated by inhibition. Equivalent enhancement of medial geniculate excitability robustly drove auditory cortical excitation. Structurally, geniculate axons innervated excitatory cortical targets in a preferential manner and with larger synaptic terminals, providing a putative explanation for functional divergence. The two thalamic circuits also had distinct input patterns, with mediodorsal thalamus receiving innervation from a diverse set of cortical areas. Altogether, our findings contribute to the emerging view of functional diversity across thalamic microcircuits and its structural basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Mukherjee
- McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Navdeep Bajwa
- McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Norman H Lam
- McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - César Porrero
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autónoma de Madrid UniversityMadridSpain
| | - Francisco Clasca
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autónoma de Madrid UniversityMadridSpain
| | - Michael M Halassa
- McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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13
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Combining mGRASP and Optogenetics Enables High-Resolution Functional Mapping of Descending Cortical Projections. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1071-1080. [PMID: 30044974 PMCID: PMC6083038 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have applied optogenetics and mGRASP, a light microscopy technique that labels synaptic contacts, to map the number and strength of defined corticocollicular (CC) connections. Using mGRASP, we show that CC projections form small, medium, and large synapses, and both the number and the distribution of synapse size vary among the IC regions. Using optogenetics, we show that low-frequency stimulation of CC axons expressing channelrhodopsin produces prolonged elevations of the CC miniature EPSC (mEPSC) rate. Functional analysis of CC mEPSCs reveals small-, medium-, and large-amplitude events that mirror the synaptic distributions observed with mGRASP. Our results reveal that descending ipsilateral projections dominate CC feedback via an increased number of large synaptic contacts, especially onto the soma of IC neurons. This study highlights the feasibility of combining microscopy (i.e., mGRASP) and optogenetics to reveal synaptic weighting of defined projections at the level of single neurons, enabling functional connectomic mapping in diverse neural circuits. Optogenetic axonal stimulation causes prolonged increases in quantal synaptic release Quantal and anatomical measures of synapse strength directly correspond Strength and cellular location of cortical inputs to midbrain are region specific
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14
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Nagayach A, Singh A, Geller AI. Efficient gene transfers into neocortical neurons connected by NMDA NR1-containing synapses. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 327:108390. [PMID: 31404560 PMCID: PMC6760849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within a circuit, specific neurons and synapses are hypothesized to have essential roles in circuit physiology and learning, and dysfunction in these neurons and synapses causes specific disorders. These critical neurons and synapses are embedded in complex circuits containing many neuron and synapse types. NEW METHOD We established technology that can deliver different genes into pre- and post-synaptic neurons connected by a specific synapse type. The first, presynaptic gene transfer employs standard gene transfer technology to express a synthetic peptide neurotransmitter which has three domains, a dense core vesicle sorting domain for processing the protein as a peptide neurotransmitter, a receptor-binding domain, here a small peptide that binds to NMDA NR1 subunits, and the His tag. Upon release, this peptide neurotransmitter binds to its cognate receptor on postsynaptic neurons. Gene transfer selectively into these postsynaptic neurons employs antibody-mediated, targeted gene transfer and anti-His tag antibodies, which recognize the His tag domain in the synthetic peptide neurotransmitter. RESULTS For the model system, we studied the connection from projection neurons in postrhinal cortex to specific neurons in perirhinal cortex. In our initial report, gene transfer to connected neurons was 20+1% specific. Here, we optimized the technology; we improved the transfection for packaging by using a modern using a modern lipid, Lipofectamine 3000, and used a modern confocal microscope to collect data. We now report 80+2% specific gene transfer to connected neurons. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS There is no existing method with this capability. CONCLUSIONS This technology may enable studies on the roles of specific neurons and synapses in circuit physiology and learning, and support gene therapy treatments for specific disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alfred I Geller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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15
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Nagayach A, Singh A, Geller AI. Separate Gene Transfers into Pre- and Postsynaptic Neocortical Neurons Connected by mGluR5-Containing Synapses. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:549-564. [PMID: 30972540 PMCID: PMC6615967 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
mGluR5-containing synapses have essential roles in synaptic plasticity, circuit physiology, and learning, and dysfunction at these synapses is implicated in specific neurological disorders. As mGluR5-containing synapses are embedded in large and complex distributed circuits containing many neuron and synapse types, it is challenging to elucidate the roles of these synapses and to develop treatments for the associated disorders. Thus, it would be advantageous to deliver different genes into pre- and postsynaptic neurons connected by a mGluR5-containing synapse. Here, we develop this capability: The first gene transfer, into the presynaptic neurons, uses standard techniques to deliver a vector that expresses a synthetic peptide neurotransmitter. This peptide neurotransmitter has three domains: a dense core vesicle sorting domain, a mGluR5-binding domain composed of a single-chain variable fragment anti-mGluR5, and the His tag. Upon release, this peptide neurotransmitter binds to mGluR5, predominately located on the postsynaptic neurons. Selective gene transfer into these neurons uses antibody-mediated, targeted gene transfer and anti-His tag antibodies, as the synthetic peptide neurotransmitter contains the His tag. For the model system, we studied the connection between neurons in two neocortical areas: postrhinal and perirhinal cortices. Targeted gene transfer was over 80% specific for mGluR5-containing synapses, but untargeted gene transfer was only ~ 15% specific for these synapses. This technology may enable studies on the roles of mGluR5-containing neurons and synapses in circuit physiology and learning and support gene therapy treatments for specific disorders that involve dysfunction at these synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Alfred I Geller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.
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16
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Nagayach A, Singh A, De Blas AL, Geller AI. Delivery of different genes into pre- and post-synaptic neocortical interneurons connected by GABAergic synapses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217094. [PMID: 31125364 PMCID: PMC6534327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Local neocortical circuits play critical roles in information processing, including synaptic plasticity, circuit physiology, and learning, and GABAergic inhibitory interneurons have key roles in these circuits. Moreover, specific neurological disorders, including schizophrenia and autism, are associated with deficits in GABAergic transmission in these circuits. GABAergic synapses represent a small fraction of neocortical synapses, and are embedded in complex local circuits that contain many neuron and synapse types. Thus, it is challenging to study the physiological roles of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons and their synapses, and to develop treatments for the specific disorders caused by dysfunction at these GABAergic synapses. To these ends, we report a novel technology that can deliver different genes into pre- and post-synaptic neocortical interneurons connected by a GABAergic synapse: First, standard gene transfer into the presynaptic neurons delivers a synthetic peptide neurotransmitter, containing three domains, a dense core vesicle sorting domain, a GABAA receptor-binding domain, a single-chain variable fragment anti-GABAA ß2 or ß3, and the His tag. Second, upon release, this synthetic peptide neurotransmitter binds to GABAA receptors on the postsynaptic neurons. Third, as the synthetic peptide neurotransmitter contains the His tag, antibody-mediated, targeted gene transfer using anti-His tag antibodies is selective for these neurons. We established this technology by expressing the synthetic peptide neurotransmitter in GABAergic neurons in the middle layers of postrhinal cortex, and the delivering the postsynaptic vector into connected GABAergic neurons in the upper neocortical layers. Targeted gene transfer was 61% specific for the connected neurons, but untargeted gene transfer was only 21% specific for these neurons. This technology may support studies on the roles of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in circuit physiology and learning, and support gene therapy treatments for specific disorders associated with deficits at GABAergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Angel L. De Blas
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alfred I. Geller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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17
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Nagayach A, Singh A, Geller AI. Delivery of different genes into presynaptic and postsynaptic neocortical neurons connected by a BDNF-TrkB synapse. Brain Res 2019; 1712:16-24. [PMID: 30710509 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signaling through TrkB receptors has important roles in synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, learning, and specific diseases. However, it is challenging to relate BDNF-TrkB synapses to circuit physiology or learning, as BDNF-TrkB synapses are embedded in complex circuits that contain numerous neuron and synapse types. Thus, analyzing the physiology of neurons connected by BDNF-TrkB synapses would be advanced by a technology to deliver different genes into presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, connected by a BDNF-TrkB synapse. Here, we report selective gene transfer across BDNF-TrkB synapses: The model system was the large projection from rat postrhinal to perirhinal cortex. The first gene transfer, into presynaptic neurons in postrhinal cortex, used a virus vector and standard gene transfer procedures. This vector expresses a synthetic peptide neurotransmitter composed of three domains, a dense core vesicle sorting domain, BDNF, and the His tag. Upon release, this peptide neurotransmitter binds to TrkB receptors on postsynaptic neurons. The second gene transfer, into connected postsynaptic neurons in perirhinal cortex, uses antibody-mediated, targeted gene transfer and an anti-His tag antibody, as the synthetic peptide neurotransmitter contains the His tag. Confocal microscope images showed that using untargeted gene transfer, only 10-15% of the transduced presynaptic axons were proximal to a transduced postsynaptic dendrite. But using targeted gene transfer, ∼70% of the transduced presynaptic axons were proximal to a transduced postsynaptic dendrite. This technology may support studies on the roles of neurons connected by BDNF-TrkB synapses in circuit physiology and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alfred I Geller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Phamracology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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18
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Wang Y, Hu Z, Ju P, Yin S, Wang F, Pan O, Chen J. Viral vectors as a novel tool for clinical and neuropsychiatric research applications. Gen Psychiatr 2018; 31:e000015. [PMID: 30582128 PMCID: PMC6234968 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2018-000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A viral vector is a genetically modified vector produced by genetic engineering. As pathogenic genes in the virus are completely or largely eliminated, it is safe to be widely used in multidisciplinary research fields for expressing genes, such as neuroscience, metabolism, oncology and so on. Neuroscience and psychiatry are the most closely related disciplines in either basic research or clinical research, but the application of viral vectors in neuropsychiatry has not received much attention or not been widely accepted. Objective This article will focus on the application of viral vectors in basic and clinical neuropsychiatric research. Methods By using viral vectors, scientists can perform neurological labelling, gene expression regulation and physiological manipulation for investigating phenomenon from molecular mechanisms to behaviours. At the same time, to treat mental or neurological disorders, viral vectors can be designed for gene therapy, which alter gene expression levels or repair mutated genes in the brains of patients. Perspective Viral vectors play an important role in basic research and clinical applications. To further understand brain function and prevent mental and neurological diseases, we hypothesize that viral vectors could be used along with various advanced technologies, such as sequencing and high-throughput expression analysis in the neuroscience research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Research and development department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Marketing department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Marketing department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Yin
- Research and development department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Marketing department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fujie Wang
- Research and development department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Marketing department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Oudong Pan
- Marketing department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
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19
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Schaffer Collateral Inputs to CA1 Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons Follow Different Connectivity Rules. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5140-5152. [PMID: 29728449 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0155-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits, governed by a complex interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neurons, are the substrate for information processing, and the organization of synaptic connectivity in neural network is an important determinant of circuit function. Here, we analyzed the fine structure of connectivity in hippocampal CA1 excitatory and inhibitory neurons innervated by Schaffer collaterals (SCs) using mGRASP in male mice. Our previous study revealed spatially structured synaptic connectivity between CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cells (PCs). Surprisingly, parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVs) showed a significantly more random pattern spatial structure. Notably, application of Peters' rule for synapse prediction by random overlap between axons and dendrites enhanced structured connectivity in PCs, but, by contrast, made the connectivity pattern in PVs more random. In addition, PCs in a deep sublayer of striatum pyramidale appeared more highly structured than PCs in superficial layers, and little or no sublayer specificity was found in PVs. Our results show that CA1 excitatory PCs and inhibitory PVs innervated by the same SC inputs follow different connectivity rules. The different organizations of fine scale structured connectivity in hippocampal excitatory and inhibitory neurons provide important insights into the development and functions of neural networks.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding how neural circuits generate behavior is one of the central goals of neuroscience. An important component of this endeavor is the mapping of fine-scale connection patterns that underlie, and help us infer, signal processing in the brain. Here, using our recently developed synapse detection technology (mGRASP and neuTube), we provide detailed profiles of synaptic connectivity in excitatory (CA1 pyramidal) and inhibitory (CA1 parvalbumin-positive) neurons innervated by the same presynaptic inputs (CA3 Schaffer collaterals). Our results reveal that these two types of CA1 neurons follow different connectivity patterns. Our new evidence for differently structured connectivity at a fine scale in hippocampal excitatory and inhibitory neurons provides a better understanding of hippocampal networks and will guide theoretical and experimental studies.
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20
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Robinson JE, Gradinaru V. Dopaminergic dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders: recent advances and synergistic technologies to aid basic research. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 48:17-29. [PMID: 28850815 PMCID: PMC5825239 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) represent a diverse group of syndromes characterized by abnormal development of the central nervous system and whose symptomatology includes cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor impairments. The identification of causative genetic defects has allowed for creation of transgenic NDD mouse models that have revealed pathophysiological mechanisms of disease phenotypes in a neural circuit- and cell type-specific manner. Mouse models of several syndromes, including Rett syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1, etc., exhibit abnormalities in the structure and function of dopaminergic circuitry, which regulates motivation, motor behavior, sociability, attention, and executive function. Recent advances in technologies for functional circuit mapping, including tissue clearing, viral vector-based tracing methods, and optical readouts of neural activity, have refined our knowledge of dopaminergic circuits in unperturbed states, yet these tools have not been widely applied to NDD research. Here, we will review recent findings exploring dopaminergic function in NDD models and discuss the promise of new tools to probe NDD pathophysiology in these circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Elliott Robinson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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21
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Gobbo F, Marchetti L, Jacob A, Pinto B, Binini N, Pecoraro Bisogni F, Alia C, Luin S, Caleo M, Fellin T, Cancedda L, Cattaneo A. Activity-dependent expression of Channelrhodopsin at neuronal synapses. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1629. [PMID: 29158498 PMCID: PMC5696361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the importance of dendritic spines in the formation and allocation of memories, and alterations of spine number and physiology are associated to memory and cognitive disorders. Modifications of the activity of subsets of synapses are believed to be crucial for memory establishment. However, the development of a method to directly test this hypothesis, by selectively controlling the activity of potentiated spines, is currently lagging. Here we introduce a hybrid RNA/protein approach to regulate the expression of a light-sensitive membrane channel at activated synapses, enabling selective tagging of potentiated spines following the encoding of a novel context in the hippocampus. This approach can be used to map potentiated synapses in the brain and will make it possible to re-activate the neuron only at previously activated synapses, extending current neuron-tagging technologies in the investigation of memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gobbo
- Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.,Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ajesh Jacob
- Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruno Pinto
- Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Noemi Binini
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Pecoraro Bisogni
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Alia
- Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fellin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy.,Dulbecco Telethon Institute, via Varese 16b, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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22
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Rah JC, Feng L, Druckmann S, Lee H, Kim J. From a meso- to micro-scale connectome: array tomography and mGRASP. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:78. [PMID: 26089781 PMCID: PMC4454886 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping mammalian synaptic connectivity has long been an important goal of neuroscience because knowing how neurons and brain areas are connected underpins an understanding of brain function. Meeting this goal requires advanced techniques with single synapse resolution and large-scale capacity, especially at multiple scales tethering the meso- and micro-scale connectome. Among several advanced LM-based connectome technologies, Array Tomography (AT) and mammalian GFP-Reconstitution Across Synaptic Partners (mGRASP) can provide relatively high-throughput mapping synaptic connectivity at multiple scales. AT- and mGRASP-assisted circuit mapping (ATing and mGRASPing), combined with techniques such as retrograde virus, brain clearing techniques, and activity indicators will help unlock the secrets of complex neural circuits. Here, we discuss these useful new tools to enable mapping of brain circuits at multiple scales, some functional implications of spatial synaptic distribution, and future challenges and directions of these endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Cheol Rah
- Korea Brain Research InstituteDaegu, South Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu, South Korea
| | - Linqing Feng
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shaul Druckmann
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hugh Medical InstituteAshburn, VA, USA
| | - Hojin Lee
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul, South Korea
- Neuroscience Program, University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul, South Korea
- Neuroscience Program, University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
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23
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Wang G, Wyskiel DR, Yang W, Wang Y, Milbern LC, Lalanne T, Jiang X, Shen Y, Sun QQ, Zhu JJ. An optogenetics- and imaging-assisted simultaneous multiple patch-clamp recording system for decoding complex neural circuits. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:397-412. [PMID: 25654757 PMCID: PMC4505930 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering neuronal circuitry is central to understanding brain function and dysfunction, yet it remains a daunting task. To facilitate the dissection of neuronal circuits, a process requiring functional analysis of synaptic connections and morphological identification of interconnected neurons, we present here a method for stable simultaneous octuple patch-clamp recordings. This method allows physiological analysis of synaptic interconnections among 4-8 simultaneously recorded neurons and/or 10-30 sequentially recorded neurons, and it allows anatomical identification of >85% of recorded interneurons and >99% of recorded principal neurons. We describe how to apply the method to rodent tissue slices; however, it can be used on other model organisms. We also describe the latest refinements and optimizations of mechanics, electronics, optics and software programs that are central to the realization of a combined single- and two-photon microscopy-based, optogenetics- and imaging-assisted, stable, simultaneous quadruple-viguple patch-clamp recording system. Setting up the system, from the beginning of instrument assembly and software installation to full operation, can be completed in 3-4 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel R Wyskiel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Weiguo Yang
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Yiqing Wang
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. [2] Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lana C Milbern
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Txomin Lalanne
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. [2] Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Quan Sun
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - J Julius Zhu
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. [2] Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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neuTube 1.0: A New Design for Efficient Neuron Reconstruction Software Based on the SWC Format. eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-MNT-0049-14. [PMID: 26464967 PMCID: PMC4586918 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0049-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to other existing tools, the novel software we present has some unique features such as comprehensive editing functions and the combination of seed-based tracing and path searching algorithms, as well as their availability in parallel 2D and 3D visualization. These features allow the user to reconstruct neuronal morphology efficiently in a comfortable “What You See Is What You Get” (WYSIWYG) way. Brain circuit mapping requires digital reconstruction of neuronal morphologies in complicated networks. Despite recent advances in automatic algorithms, reconstruction of neuronal structures is still a bottleneck in circuit mapping due to a lack of appropriate software for both efficient reconstruction and user-friendly editing. Here we present a new software design based on the SWC format, a standardized neuromorphometric format that has been widely used for analyzing neuronal morphologies or sharing neuron reconstructions via online archives such as NeuroMorpho.org. We have also implemented the design in our open-source software called neuTube 1.0. As specified by the design, the software is equipped with parallel 2D and 3D visualization and intuitive neuron tracing/editing functions, allowing the user to efficiently reconstruct neurons from fluorescence image data and edit standard neuron structure files produced by any other reconstruction software. We show the advantages of neuTube 1.0 by comparing it to two other software tools, namely Neuromantic and Neurostudio. The software is available for free at http://www.neutracing.com, which also hosts complete software documentation and video tutorials.
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Aguilar-Arredondo A, Arias C, Zepeda A. Evaluating the functional state of adult-born neurons in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus: from birth to functional integration. Rev Neurosci 2015; 26:269-79. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHippocampal neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain in various species, including humans. A compelling question that arose when neurogenesis was accepted to occur in the adult dentate gyrus (DG) is whether new neurons become functionally relevant over time, which is key for interpreting their potential contributions to synaptic circuitry. The functional state of adult-born neurons has been evaluated using various methodological approaches, which have, in turn, yielded seemingly conflicting results regarding the timing of maturation and functional integration. Here, we review the contributions of different methodological approaches to addressing the maturation process of adult-born neurons and their functional state, discussing the contributions and limitations of each method. We aim to provide a framework for interpreting results based on the approaches currently used in neuroscience for evaluating functional integration. As shown by the experimental evidence, adult-born neurons are prone to respond from early stages, even when they are not yet fully integrated into circuits. The ongoing integration process for the newborn neurons is characterised by different features. However, they may contribute differently to the network depending on their maturation stage. When combined, the strategies used to date convey a comprehensive view of the functional development of newly born neurons while providing a framework for approaching the critical time at which new neurons become functionally integrated and influence brain function.
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