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Li Q, Geng S, Luo H, Wang W, Mo YQ, Luo Q, Wang L, Song GB, Sheng JP, Xu B. Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:266. [PMID: 39370455 PMCID: PMC11456611 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its complexity is influenced by various signal transduction networks that govern cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. The pathogenesis of CRC is a testament to the dysregulation of these signaling cascades, which culminates in the malignant transformation of colonic epithelium. This review aims to dissect the foundational signaling mechanisms implicated in CRC, to elucidate the generalized principles underpinning neoplastic evolution and progression. We discuss the molecular hallmarks of CRC, including the genomic, epigenomic and microbial features of CRC to highlight the role of signal transduction in the orchestration of the tumorigenic process. Concurrently, we review the advent of targeted and immune therapies in CRC, assessing their impact on the current clinical landscape. The development of these therapies has been informed by a deepening understanding of oncogenic signaling, leading to the identification of key nodes within these networks that can be exploited pharmacologically. Furthermore, we explore the potential of integrating AI to enhance the precision of therapeutic targeting and patient stratification, emphasizing their role in personalized medicine. In summary, our review captures the dynamic interplay between aberrant signaling in CRC pathogenesis and the concerted efforts to counteract these changes through targeted therapeutic strategies, ultimately aiming to pave the way for improved prognosis and personalized treatment modalities in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- The Shapingba Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Geng
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Chongqing Municipal Health and Health Committee, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Qi Mo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guan-Bin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian-Peng Sheng
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bo Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Raonić J, Ždralević M, Vučković L, Šunjević M, Todorović V, Vukmirović F, Marzano F, Tullo A, Giannattasio S, Radunović M. miR-29a expression negatively correlates with Bcl-2 levels in colorectal cancer and is correlated with better prognosis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155491. [PMID: 39126835 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that act as important regulators of gene expression, involved in various biological pathways. Aberrant miRNAs expression is associated with the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between five miRNAs (miR-29a, miR-101, miR-125b, miR-146a, and miR-155), found to be deregulated in tissue samples of CRC patients, and clinicopathological characteristics and histological markers. Analysis of histological markers was performed by immunohistochemical staining of tumour tissues with Ki-67, p53, CD34, and Bcl-2. Our findings revealed a significant negative correlation between miR-29a expression and Bcl-2 levels. Furthermore, high miR-29a expression was associated with a lower incidence of distant metastasis in CRC patients. We observed negative correlations between miR-101 expression and the number of lymph nodes with metastasis, as well as the size of the largest metastasis; miR-125b expression and lymphovascular invasion; and miR-155 expression and mucus presence. Our survival analysis demonstrated that high miR-29a expression correlated with better progression-free survival of CRC patients, underscoring its potential as a prognostic marker. Our study unveiled intricate relationships between specific miRNA expressions and clinicopathological features in CRC, highlighting the potential utility of miR-29a as a valuable prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Raonić
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro; Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro.
| | - Maša Ždralević
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro
| | - Ljiljana Vučković
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro; Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro
| | - Milena Šunjević
- Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia; University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Todorović
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro; Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro
| | - Filip Vukmirović
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro; Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro
| | - Flaviana Marzano
- Institute for Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular biotechnologies, CNR, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Apollonia Tullo
- Institute for Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular biotechnologies, CNR, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Sergio Giannattasio
- Institute for Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular biotechnologies, CNR, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Miodrag Radunović
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro; Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro
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3
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Incorvaia L, Bazan Russo TD, Gristina V, Perez A, Brando C, Mujacic C, Di Giovanni E, Bono M, Contino S, Ferrante Bannera C, Vitale MC, Gottardo A, Peri M, Galvano A, Fanale D, Badalamenti G, Russo A, Bazan V. The intersection of homologous recombination (HR) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways in DNA repair-defective tumors. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:190. [PMID: 39237751 PMCID: PMC11377838 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) and mismatch repair (MMR) defects are driver mutational imprints and actionable biomarkers in DNA repair-defective tumors. Although usually thought as mutually exclusive pathways, recent preclinical and clinical research provide preliminary evidence of a functional crosslink and crosstalk between HRR and MMR. Shared core proteins are identified as key players in both pathways, broadening the concept of DNA repair mechanism exclusivity in specific tumor types. These observations may result in unexplored forms of synthetic lethality or hypermutable tumor phenotypes, potentially impacting the cancer risk management, and considerably expanding in the future the therapeutic window for DNA repair-defective tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tancredi Didier Bazan Russo
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perez
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brando
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Clarissa Mujacic
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emilia Di Giovanni
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Bono
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Contino
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Ferrante Bannera
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Vitale
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Gottardo
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Peri
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Badalamenti
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Zahraeifard S, Xiao Z, So JY, Ahad A, Montoya S, Park WY, Sornapudi T, Andohkow T, Read A, Kedei N, Koparde V, Yang H, Lee M, Wong N, Cam M, Wang K, Ruppin E, Luo J, Hollander C, Yang L. Loss of tumor suppressors promotes inflammatory tumor microenvironment and enhances LAG3+T cell mediated immune suppression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5873. [PMID: 38997291 PMCID: PMC11245525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Low response rate, treatment relapse, and resistance remain key challenges for cancer treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Here we report that loss of specific tumor suppressors (TS) induces an inflammatory response and promotes an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. Importantly, low expression of these TSs is associated with a higher expression of immune checkpoint inhibitory mediators. Here we identify, by using in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 based loss-of-function screening, that NF1, TSC1, and TGF-β RII as TSs regulating immune composition. Loss of each of these three TSs leads to alterations in chromatin accessibility and enhances IL6-JAK3-STAT3/6 inflammatory pathways. This results in an immune suppressive landscape, characterized by increased numbers of LAG3+ CD8 and CD4 T cells. ICB targeting LAG3 and PD-L1 simultaneously inhibits metastatic progression in preclinical triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models of NF1-, TSC1- or TGF-β RII- deficient tumors. Our study thus reveals a role of TSs in regulating metastasis via non-cell-autonomous modulation of the immune compartment and provides proof-of-principle for ICB targeting LAG3 for patients with NF1-, TSC1- or TGF-β RII-inactivated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zahraeifard
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhiguang Xiao
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jae Young So
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Selina Montoya
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Woo Yong Park
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Trinadharao Sornapudi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tiffany Andohkow
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abigail Read
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vishal Koparde
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Howard Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ji Luo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christine Hollander
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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5
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Passi G, Lieberman S, Zahdeh F, Murik O, Renbaum P, Beeri R, Linial M, May D, Levy-Lahad E, Schneidman-Duhovny D. Discovering predisposing genes for hereditary breast cancer using deep learning. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae346. [PMID: 39038933 PMCID: PMC11262808 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy affecting Western women today. It is estimated that as many as 10% of BC cases can be attributed to germline variants. However, the genetic basis of the majority of familial BC cases has yet to be identified. Discovering predisposing genes contributing to familial BC is challenging due to their presumed rarity, low penetrance, and complex biological mechanisms. Here, we focused on an analysis of rare missense variants in a cohort of 12 families of Middle Eastern origins characterized by a high incidence of BC cases. We devised a novel, high-throughput, variant analysis pipeline adapted for family studies, which aims to analyze variants at the protein level by employing state-of-the-art machine learning models and three-dimensional protein structural analysis. Using our pipeline, we analyzed 1218 rare missense variants that are shared between affected family members and classified 80 genes as candidate pathogenic. Among these genes, we found significant functional enrichment in peroxisomal and mitochondrial biological pathways which segregated across seven families in the study and covered diverse ethnic groups. We present multiple evidence that peroxisomal and mitochondrial pathways play an important, yet underappreciated, role in both germline BC predisposition and BC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Passi
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sari Lieberman
- The Fuld Family Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
- The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem PO Box 12271 Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Fouad Zahdeh
- The Fuld Family Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
- The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
| | - Omer Murik
- The Fuld Family Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
- The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
| | - Paul Renbaum
- The Fuld Family Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
- The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
| | - Rachel Beeri
- The Fuld Family Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
- The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
| | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dalit May
- The Fuld Family Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
- The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ephrat Levy-Lahad
- The Fuld Family Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
- The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bayit St., Jerusalem 9103101, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem PO Box 12271 Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Dina Schneidman-Duhovny
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Han S, Yao J, Yamazaki H, Streicher SA, Rao J, Nianogo RA, Zhang Z, Huang BZ. Genetically Determined Circulating Lactase/Phlorizin Hydrolase Concentrations and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:808. [PMID: 38542719 PMCID: PMC10975724 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has found that milk is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unclear whether the milk digestion by the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) plays a role in CRC susceptibility. Our study aims to investigate the direct causal relationship of CRC risk with LPH levels by applying a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) strategy. Genetic instruments for LPH were derived from the Fenland Study, and CRC-associated summary statistics for these instruments were extracted from the FinnGen Study, PLCO Atlas Project, and Pan-UK Biobank. Primary MR analyses focused on a cis-variant (rs4988235) for LPH levels, with results integrated via meta-analysis. MR analyses using all variants were also undertaken. This analytical approach was further extended to assess CRC subtypes (colon and rectal). Meta-analysis across the three datasets illustrated an inverse association between genetically predicted LPH levels and CRC risk (OR: 0.92 [95% CI, 0.89-0.95]). Subtype analyses revealed associations of elevated LPH levels with reduced risks for both colon (OR: 0.92 [95% CI, 0.89-0.96]) and rectal cancer (OR: 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87, 0.98]). Consistency was observed across varied analytical methods and datasets. Further exploration is warranted to unveil the underlying mechanisms and validate LPH's potential role in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.Y.); (J.R.); (R.A.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jiemin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.Y.); (J.R.); (R.A.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan;
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CiRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Samantha A. Streicher
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.Y.); (J.R.); (R.A.N.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roch A. Nianogo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.Y.); (J.R.); (R.A.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zuofeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.Y.); (J.R.); (R.A.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Brian Z. Huang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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7
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Shah A. Rethinking cancer initiation: The role of large-scale mutational events. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23213. [PMID: 37950638 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiation is revisited in light of recent discoveries in cancer pathogenesis. Of note is the detection of mutated cancer genes in benign conditions. More significantly, somatic clones, which harbor mutations in cancer genes, arise in normal tissues from early development through adulthood, but seldom do they transform into cancer. Further, clustered mutational events-kataegis, chromothripsis and chromoplexy-are widespread in cancer, generating point mutations and chromosomal rearrangements in a single cellular catastrophe. These observations are contrary to the prevailing somatic mutation theory, which states that a cancer is caused by the gradual accumulation of mutations over time. A different perspective is proposed within the framework of Waddington's epigenetic landscape wherein tumorigenesis is viewed primarily as a disruption of cell development. Cell types are defined by their specific gene-expression profiles, determined by the gene regulatory network, and can be regarded as attractor states of the network dynamics: they represent specific, self-stabilizing patterns of gene activities across the genome. However, large-scale mutational events reshape the landscape topology, creating abnormal "unphysiological" attractors. This is the crux of the process of initiation. Initiation primes the cell for conversion into a tumor phenotype by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which drive cell proliferation and clonal diversification. This view of tumorigenesis calls for a different approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amil Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Mak S, Alexander JL, Clark SK, Hawkins M, Cuthill V, Latchford A, Monahan KJ. The Diagnostic Yield of Genetic Testing in Patients With Multiple Colorectal Adenomas: A Specialist Center Cohort Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00645. [PMID: 37856205 PMCID: PMC10810582 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenoma multiplicity is associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The utility of genetic testing in patients with multiple colorectal adenomas (MCRA) remains uncertain. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of mutations in polyposis- and CRC-associated genes in patients with MCRA. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional review of adult patients with 10-99 cumulative adenomas from the prospective database at the St Mark's Hospital Polyposis Registry and Family Cancer Clinic between 1999 and 2021. Genetic testing was performed for adenomatous polyposis-associated genes, hamartomatous polyposis-associated genes, and nonpolyposis colorectal cancer-associated genes. Clinicopathological outcomes were extracted for multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-nine patients with MCRA (median age 61 [interquartile range 53-69] years) were identified. Sixty-six patients (25.5%) had a pathogenic variant or likely pathogenic variant, with APC and biallelic MUTYH mutations constituting the majority of identified pathogenic variant/likely pathogenic variants. Diagnostic yields were greater than 10% at any adenoma burden. In univariate analysis, higher adenoma burden and younger age were associated with higher yield (both P < 0.0001). In patients with MCRA with 10-19 adenomas without a relevant personal or family history of CRC, the diagnostic yield was nil. In multiple logistic regression analysis, higher adenoma burden, younger age, personal history of CRC, and first-degree familial history of CRC were associated with higher diagnostic yield. DISCUSSION Diagnostic yield of >10% at any adenoma burden supports current guidance for constitutional genetic testing in patients with MCRA, although the low yield in people older than 60 years with 10-19 adenomas suggests that a stratified approach might be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Mak
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James L. Alexander
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Susan K. Clark
- Family Cancer & Lynch Syndrome Clinic, St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Menna Hawkins
- Family Cancer & Lynch Syndrome Clinic, St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Victoria Cuthill
- Family Cancer & Lynch Syndrome Clinic, St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Latchford
- Family Cancer & Lynch Syndrome Clinic, St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kevin J. Monahan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Family Cancer & Lynch Syndrome Clinic, St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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9
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Spring J, Gurbuxani S, Golovkina T. Microbiota may affect the tumor type but not overall tumor development in two models of heritable cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.11.561890. [PMID: 37873087 PMCID: PMC10592741 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbial impact on tumorigenesis of heritable cancers proximal to the gut is well documented. Whether the microbiota influences cancers arising from inborn mutations at sites distal to the gut is undetermined. Using two models of heritable cancer, we found the microbiota to be inconsequential for tumor development. However, the type of tumor that develops may be influenced by the microbiota. This work furthers our understanding of the microbial impact on tumor development.
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10
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Aronson M, Gryfe R, Choi YH, Semotiuk K, Holter S, Ward T, Gallinger S, Cohen Z, Briollais L. Evaluating colonoscopy screening intervals in patients with Lynch syndrome from a large Canadian registry. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:778-787. [PMID: 36964717 PMCID: PMC10323893 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lynch syndrome (LS) screening guidelines originally recommended colonoscopy every 1 to 2 years, beginning between the ages of 20 and 25 years. Recent studies have questioned the benefits of these short screening intervals in preventing colorectal cancer (CRC). Our goal is to determine how colonoscopy screening intervals impact CRC in patients with LS. METHODS We analyzed the demographics, screening practices, and outcomes of patients with LS identified through the clinic based Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry at the Zane Cohen Centre, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada. RESULTS A total of 429 patients with LS were identified with median follow-up of 9.2 years; 44 developed CRC. We found a positive trend between shorter screening intervals and the number of adenomas detected during colonoscopy. Any new adenoma detected at screening decreased 10-year CRC incidence by 11.3%. For MLH1 carriers, a screening interval of 1-2 years vs 2-3 years led to a 20-year cumulative CRC risk reduction of 28% and 14% in females and males, respectively. For MSH2 carriers, this risk reduction was 29% and 17%, respectively, and for male MSH6 carriers 18%. Individuals without any adenomas detected (53.4% of LS carriers) had an increased 20-year CRC risk of 25.7% and 57.2% for women and men, respectively, compared with those diagnosed with adenomas at screening. CONCLUSIONS The recommended colonoscopy screening interval of 1-2 years is efficient at detecting adenomas and reducing CRC risk. The observation that 53.4% of LS patients never had an adenoma warrants further investigation about a possible adenoma-free pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa Aronson
- Zane Cohen Centre, Sinai Health System and Faculty of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Gryfe
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kara Semotiuk
- Zane Cohen Centre, Sinai Health System and Faculty of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Spring Holter
- Zane Cohen Centre, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Ward
- Zane Cohen Centre, Sinai Health System and Faculty of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steve Gallinger
- Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zane Cohen
- Zane Cohen Centre, Sinai Health System and Termerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurent Briollais
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System and Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Bonjoch L, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Alvarez-Barona M, Lopez-Novo A, Herrera-Pariente C, Amigo J, Bujanda L, Remedios D, Dacal A, Cubiella J, Balaguer F, Fernández-Bañares F, Carracedo A, Jover R, Castellvi-Bel S, Ruiz-Ponte C. BMPR2 as a Novel Predisposition Gene for Hereditary Colorectal Polyposis. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:162-172.e5. [PMID: 36907526 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide, with incidence quickly increasing (particularly in the context of early-onset cases), despite important prevention efforts, mainly in the form of population-wide screening programs. Although many cases present a clear familial component, the current list of hereditary CRC genes leaves a considerable proportion of the cases unexplained. METHODS In this work, we used whole-exome sequencing approaches on 19 unrelated patients with unexplained colonic polyposis to identify candidate CRC predisposition genes. The candidate genes were then validated in an additional series of 365 patients. CRISPR-Cas9 models were used to validate BMPR2 as a potential candidate for CRC risk. RESULTS We found 8 individuals carrying 6 different variants in the BMPR2 gene (approximately 2% of our cohort of patients with unexplained colonic polyposis). CRISPR-Cas9 models of 3 of these variants showed that the p.(Asn442Thrfs∗32) truncating variant completely abrogated BMP pathway function in a similar way to the BMPR2 knockout. Missense variants p.(Asn565Ser), p.(Ser967Pro) had varying effects on cell proliferation levels, with the former impairing cell control inhibition via noncanonical pathways. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results support loss-of-function BMPR2 variants as candidates to be involved in CRC germline predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miriam Alvarez-Barona
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anael Lopez-Novo
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Herrera-Pariente
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Amigo
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Hospital Universitario de Donostia, Instituto Biodonostia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Remedios
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Andrés Dacal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Bañares
- Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Digestive Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Lin TC, Chuang MH, Hsiung CN, Chang PK, Sun CA, Yang T, Chou YC, Hu JM, Hsu CH. Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer Based on HSD17B4 rs721673 and rs721675 Polymorphisms and Alcohol Intake among Taiwan Biobank Participants: A Retrospective Case Control Study Using the Nationwide Claims Data. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040576. [PMID: 37108962 PMCID: PMC10146027 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health issue, and there are limited studies on the association between 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 4 (HSD17B4) polymorphism and CRC. We used two national databases from Taiwan to examine whether HSD17B4 rs721673, rs721675, and alcohol intake were independently and interactively correlated with CRC development. We linked the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants’ health and lifestyle information and genotypic data from 2012 to 2018 to the National Health Insurance Database (NHIRD) to confirm their medical records. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using data from 145 new incident CRC cases and matched 1316 healthy, non-CRC individuals. We calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CRC based on multiple logistic regression analyses. HSD17B4 rs721673 and rs721675 on chromosome 5 were significantly and positively correlated with CRC (rs721673 A > G, aOR = 2.62, p = 2.90 × 10−8; rs721675 A > T, aOR = 2.61, p = 1.01 × 10−6). Within the high-risk genotypes, significantly higher ORs were observed among the alcohol intake group. Our results demonstrated that the rs721673 and rs721675 risk genotypes of HSD17B4 might increase the risk of CRC development in Taiwanese adults, especially those with alcohol consumption habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chiao Lin
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hua Chuang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Data Science Statistical Cooperation Center, Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Kai Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Tsan Yang
- Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ming Hu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Health Service and Readiness Section, Armed Forces Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
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13
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Hereditary Colorectal Cancer: State of the Art in Lynch Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010075. [PMID: 36612072 PMCID: PMC9817772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is also known as Lynch syndrome. Lynch syndrome is associated with pathogenetic variants in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes. In addition to colorectal cancer, the inefficiency of the MMR system leads to a greater predisposition to cancer of the endometrium and other cancers of the abdominal sphere. Molecular diagnosis is performed to identify pathogenetic variants in MMR genes. However, for many patients with clinically suspected Lynch syndrome, it is not possible to identify a pathogenic variant in MMR genes. Molecular diagnosis is essential for referring patients to specific surveillance to prevent the development of tumors related to Lynch syndrome. This review summarizes the main aspects of Lynch syndrome and recent advances in the field and, in particular, emphasizes the factors that can lead to the loss of expression of MMR genes.
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14
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Gabel K, Fitzgibbon ML, Yazici C, Gann P, Sverdlov M, Guzman G, Chen Z, McLeod A, Hamm A, Varady KA, Tussing‐Humphreys L. The basis and design for time-restricted eating compared with daily calorie restriction for weight loss and colorectal cancer risk reduction trial (TRE-CRC trial). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2376-2385. [PMID: 36319597 PMCID: PMC9691536 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 42% of American adults are living with obesity, increasing their risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Efficacious approaches to prevent and treat obesity may reduce CRC incidence. Daily calorie restriction (Cal-R) is the most common approach to treating obesity, yet clinically meaningful weight loss is elusive owing to waning adherence. Time-restricted eating (TRE) consists of consuming foods within a specified time frame, creating a natural calorie deficit. TRE in animals shows cancer protective effects. In humans, TRE is safe and acceptable among adults with obesity, producing ~3% to 5% weight loss and reductions in oxidative stress and insulin resistance. However, TRE has not been tested rigorously for CRC preventive effects. METHODS The authors describe a 12-month randomized controlled trial of 8-hour TRE (ad libitum 12 PM-8 PM), Cal-R (25% restriction daily), or Control among 255 adults at increased risk for CRC and with obesity. RESULTS Effects on the following will be examined: 1) body weight, body composition, and adherence; 2) circulating metabolic, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers; 3) colonic mucosal gene expression profiles and tissue microenvironment; and 4) maintenance of benefits on body weight/composition and CRC risk markers. CONCLUSIONS This study will examine efficacious lifestyle strategies to treat obesity and reduce CRC risk among individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Marian L. Fitzgibbon
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Health Research and PolicyChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Cemal Yazici
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Peter Gann
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging CoreUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Grace Guzman
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Andrew McLeod
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Health Research and PolicyChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Alyshia Hamm
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Krista A. Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Lisa Tussing‐Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
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15
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Daniels HG, Knicely BG, Miller AK, Thompson A, Plattner R, Goellner EM. Inhibition of ABL1 by tyrosine kinase inhibitors leads to a downregulation of MLH1 by Hsp70-mediated lysosomal protein degradation. Front Genet 2022; 13:940073. [PMID: 36338985 PMCID: PMC9631443 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.940073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway and its regulation are critical for genomic stability. Mismatch repair (MMR) follows replication and repairs misincorporated bases and small insertions or deletions that are not recognized and removed by the proofreading polymerase. Cells deficient in MMR exhibit an increased overall mutation rate and increased expansion and contraction of short repeat sequences in the genome termed microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI is often a clinical measure of genome stability in tumors and is used to determine the course of treatment. MMR is also critical for inducing apoptosis after alkylation damage from environmental agents or DNA-damaging chemotherapy. MLH1 is essential for MMR, and loss or mutation of MLH1 leads to defective MMR, increased mutation frequency, and MSI. In this study, we report that tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and nilotinib, lead to decreased MLH1 protein expression but not decreased MLH1 mRNA levels. Of the seven cellular targets of Imatinib and nilotinib, we show that silencing of ABL1 also reduces MLH1 protein expression. Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or silencing of ABL1 results in decreased apoptosis after treatment with alkylating agents, suggesting the level of MLH1 reduction is sufficient to disrupt MMR function. We also report MLH1 is tyrosine phosphorylated by ABL1. We demonstrate that MLH1 downregulation by ABL1 knockdown or inhibition requires chaperone protein Hsp70 and that MLH1 degradation can be abolished with the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin. Taken together, we propose that ABL1 prevents MLH1 from being targeted for degradation by the chaperone Hsp70 and that in the absence of ABL1 activity at least a portion of MLH1 is degraded through the lysosome. This study represents an advance in understanding MMR pathway regulation and has important clinical implications as MMR status is used in the clinic to inform patient treatment, including the use of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G. Daniels
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Breanna G. Knicely
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Anna Kristin Miller
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ana Thompson
- Berea College, Berea, KY, United States,University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rina Plattner
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, United States,University of Kentucky, College of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eva M. Goellner
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Lexington, KY, United States,University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, United States,*Correspondence: Eva M. Goellner,
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16
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Vafaei S, Taheri H, Hajimomeni Y, Fakhre Yaseri A, Abolhasani Zadeh F. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in colorectal cancer: potential therapeutic target. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1881-1889. [PMID: 35689136 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All phases of carcinogenesis are affected by inflammation. Activation of the inflammasome is a crucial signaling mechanism that leads to acute and chronic inflammation. When specific nucleotide-binding domains, leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs) are activated, inflammasomes are formed. The NLRP3 is one of the NLR family members with the most functional characterization. NLRP3 can modulate the immune systems, apoptosis, growth, and/or the gut microbiome to impact cancer development. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, and it begins as a tissue overgrowth on the internal part of the rectum or colon. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that the NLRP3 inflammasome has a role in CRC development due to its broad activity in shaping immune responses. Here, onwards, we focus on the NLRP3 inflammasome role in CRC development, as well as the therapeutic prospective of modifying NLRP3 inflammasome in the context of anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Taheri
- Internal Medicine Cellular and Molecular, Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Fellowship of GI in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hajimomeni
- Islamic Azad University of Medical Science, Qeshm International Branch, Qeshm, Iran
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17
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DuPrie ML, Palacio T, Calil FA, Kolodner RD, Putnam CD. Mlh1 interacts with both Msh2 and Msh6 for recruitment during mismatch repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 119:103405. [PMID: 36122480 PMCID: PMC9639671 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA mismatch repair (MMR) initiates through mispair recognition by the MutS homologs Msh2-Msh6 and Msh2-Msh3 and subsequent recruitment of the MutL homologs Mlh1-Pms1 (human MLH1-PMS2). In bacteria, MutL is recruited by interactions with the connector domain of one MutS subunit and the ATPase and core domains of the other MutS subunit. Analysis of the S. cerevisiae and human homologs have only identified an interaction between the Msh2 connector domain and Mlh1. Here we investigated whether a conserved Msh6 ATPase/core domain-Mlh1 interaction and an Msh2-Msh6 interaction with Pms1 also act in MMR. Mutations in MLH1 affecting interactions with both the Msh2 and Msh6 interfaces caused MMR defects, whereas equivalent pms1 mutations did not cause MMR defects. Mutant Mlh1-Pms1 complexes containing Mlh1 amino acid substitutions were defective for recruitment to mispaired DNA by Msh2-Msh6, did not support MMR in reconstituted Mlh1-Pms1-dependent MMR reactions in vitro, but were proficient in Msh2-Msh6-independent Mlh1-Pms1 endonuclease activity. These results indicate that Mlh1, the common subunit of the Mlh1-Pms1, Mlh1-Mlh2, and Mlh1-Mlh3 complexes, but not Pms1, is recruited by Msh2-Msh6 through interactions with both of its subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L DuPrie
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Tatiana Palacio
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Felipe A Calil
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Richard D Kolodner
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA; Moores-UCSD Cancer Center University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA; Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Christopher D Putnam
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA; Department of Medicine University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA.
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18
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So JY, Ohm J, Lipkowitz S, Yang L. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): Non-genetic tumor heterogeneity and immune microenvironment: Emerging treatment options. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108253. [PMID: 35872332 PMCID: PMC9378710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by extensive intra-tumoral heterogeneity, and frequently develops resistance to therapies. Tumor heterogeneity and lack of biomarkers are thought to be some of the most difficult challenges driving therapeutic resistance and relapse. This review will summarize current therapy for TNBC, studies in treatment resistance and relapse, including data from recent single cell sequencing. We will discuss changes in both the transcriptome and epigenome of TNBC, and we will review mechanisms regulating the immune microenvironment. Lastly, we will provide new perspective in patient stratification, and treatment options targeting transcriptome dysregulation and the immune microenvironment of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young So
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joyce Ohm
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Stan Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ng L, Wan TMH, Iyer DN, Huang Z, Sin RWY, Man ATK, Li X, Foo DCC, Lo OSH, Law WL. High Levels of Tumor miR-187-3p—A Potential Tumor-Suppressor microRNA—Are Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152421. [PMID: 35954265 PMCID: PMC9367907 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The microRNA miR-187-3p plays antitumor roles in a variety of cancers. We and others have previously identified miR-187-3p as a potential tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC), but there are also reports revealing that high miR-187-3p levels are associated with poor prognosis among CRC patients. This study further investigated the clinicopathological significance of miR-187-3p in CRC. Methods: MiR-187-3p levels in paired polyp/CRC/normal specimens or primary CRC/liver metastasis specimens were determined by qPCR, and correlated with the patient’s clinicopathological and postoperative survival data. The clinical findings were validated using our validation cohort and data obtained from the TCGA or GEO databases. The functional effects of miR-187-3p were investigated through its overexpression in CRC cell lines. Results: MiR-187-3p was significantly repressed in colorectal polyps and CRC when compared to adjacent normal tissue. Overexpression of miR-187-3p in CRC cell lines impaired colony formation, cell migration, and invasion, and induced chemosensitivity. Clinical analysis revealed that despite miR-187-3p being repressed in CRC, high tumor miR-187-3p levels were positively correlated with tumor stage and disease recurrence. Further analysis showed that miR-187-3p levels were lower in metastatic specimens when compared to paired primary CRC, suggesting that high tumor miR-187-3p levels resulted from the dissemination of metastatic tumor cells. Tumor miR-187-3p levels were positively correlated with peripheral inflammation-related blood markers. Finally, SPRY1 was identified as a novel target gene of miR-187-3p, and was involved in miR-187-3p-impaired CRC metastasis. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that in spite of its repression and role as a tumor suppressor in CRC, high levels of miR-187-3p in tumors were correlated with poor prognosis and higher levels of peripheral inflammation-related blood markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lui Ng
- Correspondence: (L.N.); (W.-L.L.)
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20
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Multifocal organoids reveal clonal associations between synchronous intestinal tumors with pervasive heterogeneous drug responses. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:42. [PMID: 35853873 PMCID: PMC9296490 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifocal colorectal cancer (CRC) comprises both clonally independent primary tumors caused by inherited predisposition and clonally related tumors mainly due to intraluminal spreading along an intact basement membrane. The distinction between these multifocal CRCs is essential because therapeutic strategies vary according to the clonal association of multiple tumor masses. Here, we report one unique case of synchronous intestinal cancer (SIC) with tumors occurring along the entire bowel tract, including the small intestine. We established six patient-derived organoids (PDOs), and patient-derived cell lines (PDCs) from each site of the SIC, which were subjected to extensive genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic sequencing. We also estimated the drug responses of each multifocal SIC to 25 clinically relevant therapeutic compounds to validate how the clinically actionable alternations between SICs were associated with drug sensitivity. Our data demonstrated distinct clonal associations across different organs, which were consistently supported by multi-omics analysis, as well as the accordant responses to various therapeutic compounds. Our results indicated the imminent drawback of a single tumor-based diagnosis of multifocal CRC and suggested the necessity of an in-depth molecular analysis of all tumor regions to avoid unexpected resistance to the currently available targeted therapies.
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21
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Genome-Wide Association and Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies Identify Novel Susceptibility Genes Contributing to Colorectal Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5794055. [PMID: 35812248 PMCID: PMC9270168 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5794055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancers diagnosed worldwide. Although genome-wide association studies have effectively identified the genetic basis of CRC, there is still unexplained variability in genetic risk. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) integrate summary statistics from CRC genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with gene expression data to prioritize these GWAS findings and uncover additional gene-trait correlations. Methods First, we carried out a post-GWAS analysis using summary statistics from a large-scale GWAS of CRC (n = 4,562 cases, n = 382,756 controls). Second, combined with the expression weight sets from GTEx (v7), susceptibility genes were identified with the FUSION software. Colocalization, conditional and fine-mapping analyses, phenome-wide association study (pheWAS), and Mendelian randomization were employed to further characterize the observed correlations. Results In the post-GWAS analyses, we first identified new genome-wide significant associations: three genomic risk loci were identified at 8q24.21 (rs6983267, P = 6.98 × 10−12), 15q13.3 (rs58658771, P = 1.40 × 10−10), and 18q21.1 (rs6507874, P = 1.91 × 10−14). In addition, the TWAS also identified four loci statistically significantly associated with CRC risk, largely explained by expression regulation, including six candidate genes (DUSP10, POU5F1B, C11orf53, COLCA1, COLCA2, and GREM1-AS1). We further discovered evidence that low expression of COLCA2 is correlated with CRC risk with Mendelian randomization. Conclusions We discovered novel CRC risk loci and candidate functional genes by merging gene expression and GWAS summary data, offering new insight into the molecular processes underlying CRC development. This makes it easier to prioritize potential genes for follow-up functional research in CRC.
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Jiang Z, Chen H, Li M, Wang W, Fan C, Long F. Association of Dietary Carrot/Carotene Intakes With Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888898. [PMID: 35782935 PMCID: PMC9247642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The evidence of dietary carrot/carotene intake's effect on the association with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is conflicted. We sought to examine the association of carrot/carotene intake with CRC incidence and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening cohort. Methods In all, 101,680 participants were enrolled between November 1993 and July 2001 from the PLCO cohort. We employed the multivariable Cox regression analyses to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to examine the potential effect modifiers. We further applied the generalized additive model to explore the non-linear trend of the exposure to cancer-related outcomes. Results A total of 1,100 CRC cases and 443 cancer-related deaths were documented. We noted that the 4th quintile of dietary carrot intakes was associated with a 21% lower risk of CRC incidence, compared with the lowest quintile group (full-adjusted HRquintile4vs.quintile1 = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.65–0.97, p for trend = 0.05), while the adjusted-HR was 0.95 (95%CI = 0.89–1.02) with per SD increment of carrot intakes, and no statistically significant associations were detected between dietary α-, and β-carotene intake and CRC incidence. There were no statistically significant associations observed between carrot/carotene intakes and CRC mortality. Furthermore, there were no non-linear dose-response relationships between dietary carrot, α-, and β-carotene intake and CRC incidence and mortality (all pnonlinearity > 0.05). Of note, smoking status as a modifier on the association of dietary carrot intakes with CRC incidence but not mortality was observed. Conclusions In summary, this large U.S. prospective cohort study indicated that a moderate consumption of carrots was associated with a lower CRC incidence, which suggested that a certain dose-range of carrots consumed might contribute to a potential cancer-prevention effect, not the more the better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanwen Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiwu Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Feiwu Long
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Miller AK, Mao G, Knicely BG, Daniels HG, Rahal C, Putnam CD, Kolodner RD, Goellner EM. Rad5 and Its Human Homologs, HLTF and SHPRH, Are Novel Interactors of Mismatch Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:843121. [PMID: 35784486 PMCID: PMC9243396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.843121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) repairs replication errors, and MMR defects play a role in both inherited cancer predisposition syndromes and in sporadic cancers. MMR also recognizes mispairs caused by environmental and chemotherapeutic agents; however, in these cases mispair recognition leads to apoptosis and not repair. Although mutation avoidance by MMR is fairly well understood, MMR-associated proteins are still being identified. We performed a bioinformatic analysis that implicated Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad5 as a candidate for interacting with the MMR proteins Msh2 and Mlh1. Rad5 is a DNA helicase and E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in post-replicative repair and damage tolerance. We confirmed both interactions and found that the Mlh1 interaction is mediated by a conserved Mlh1-interacting motif (MIP box). Despite this, we did not find a clear role for Rad5 in the canonical MMR mutation avoidance pathway. The interaction of Rad5 with Msh2 and Mlh1 is conserved in humans, although each of the Rad5 human homologs, HLTF and SHPRH, shared only one of the interactions: HLTF interacts with MSH2, and SHPRH interacts with MLH1. Moreover, depletion of SHPRH, but not HLTF, results in a mild increase in resistance to alkylating agents although not as strong as loss of MMR, suggesting gene duplication led to specialization of the MMR-protein associated roles of the human Rad5 homologs. These results provide insights into how MMR accessory factors involved in the MMR-dependent apoptotic response interact with the core MMR machinery and have important health implications into how human cells respond to environmental toxins, tumor development, and treatment choices of tumors with defects in Rad5 homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Miller
- College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Guogen Mao
- College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Breanna G. Knicely
- College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hannah G. Daniels
- College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Christine Rahal
- Ludiwg Institute for Cancer Research San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Christopher D. Putnam
- Ludiwg Institute for Cancer Research San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Richard D. Kolodner
- Ludiwg Institute for Cancer Research San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Moores-UCSD Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eva M. Goellner
- College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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24
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Yang J, Zhang L. The roles and therapeutic approaches of MSC-derived exosomes in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:959-967. [PMID: 35037237 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in both men and women, accounting for 8% of all new cancer cases in both. CRC is typically diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to a higher mortality rate. The 5-year survival rate for CRC is 64% in all cases and just 12% in metastatic cases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most recent approaches for therapeutic interventions in cancer. MSCs have multiple properties, including paracrine signaling, immunologic functions, and the ability to migrate to the targeted tissue. MSCs can produce and secrete exosomes in tumor microenvironments. These exosomes can transfer compounds across tumor cells, stromal cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Studies showed that modified MCS-derived exosomes have enhanced specificity, reduced immunogenicity, and better targeting capabilities in comparison to other frequently used delivery systems such as liposomes. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the role of natural MSC-derived exosomes in CRC, as well as the most current and prospective advancements in MSC-derived exosome therapeutic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Anorectal, Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Liman Zhang
- Anorectal, Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
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Yang J, Hu Y, Zhang B, Liang X, Li X. The JMJD Family Histone Demethylases in Crosstalk Between Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881396. [PMID: 35558079 PMCID: PMC9090529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has emerged as a key player in regulating cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutics, acting as a double edged sword either facilitating cancer progression and therapeutic resistance or inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Accumulating evidence has linked the epigenetic modifications of histones to inflammation and cancer, and histone modifications-based strategies have shown promising therapeutic potentials against cancer. The jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) family histone demethylases have exhibited multiple regulator functions in inflammatory processes and cancer development, and a number of therapeutic strategies targeting JMJD histone demethylases to modulate inflammatory cells and their products have been successfully evaluated in clinical or preclinical tumor models. This review summarizes current understanding of the functional roles and mechanisms of JMJD histone demethylases in crosstalk between inflammation and cancer, and highlights recent clinical and preclinical progress on harnessing the JMJD histone demethylases to regulate cancer-related inflammation for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pieters W, Hugenholtz F, Kos K, Cammeraat M, Moliej TC, Kaldenbach D, Klarenbeek S, Davids M, Drost L, de Konink C, Delzenne-Goette E, de Visser KE, te Riele H. Pro-mutagenic effects of the gut microbiota in a Lynch syndrome mouse model. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2035660. [PMID: 35188867 PMCID: PMC8865281 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2035660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota strongly impacts the development of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), but it is largely unknown how the microbiota affects the pathogenesis of mismatch-repair-deficient CRC in the context of Lynch syndrome. In a mouse model for Lynch syndrome, we found a nearly complete loss of intestinal tumor development when animals were transferred from a conventional "open" animal facility to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. Using 16S sequencing we detected large changes in microbiota composition between the two facilities. Transcriptomic analyses of tumor-free intestinal tissues showed signs of strong intestinal inflammation in conventional mice. Whole exome sequencing of tumors developing in Msh2-Lynch mice revealed a much lower mutational load in the single SPF tumor than in tumors developing in conventional mice, suggesting reduced epithelial proliferation in SPF mice. Fecal microbiota transplantations with conventional feces altered the immune landscape and gut homeostasis, illustrated by increased gut length and elevated epithelial proliferation and migration. This was associated with drastic changes in microbiota composition, in particular increased relative abundances of different mucus-degrading taxa such as Desulfovibrio and Akkermansia, and increased bacterial-epithelial contact. Strikingly, transplantation of conventional microbiota increased microsatellite instability in untransformed intestinal epithelium of Msh2-Lynch mice, indicating that the composition of the microbiota influences the rate of mutagenesis in MSH2-deficient crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietske Pieters
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kevin Kos
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Cammeraat
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teddy C. Moliej
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Kaldenbach
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Davids
- Microbiota Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Drost
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte de Konink
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elly Delzenne-Goette
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin E. de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein te Riele
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,CONTACT Hein te Riele The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam1066 CX, The Netherlands
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Lim EB, Oh HS, Kim KC, Kim MH, Kim YJ, Kim BJ, Nho CW, Cho YS. Identification and functional validation of HLA-C as a potential gene involved in colorectal cancer in the Korean population. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:261. [PMID: 35379174 PMCID: PMC8981957 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Although numerous genetic loci for CRC have been identified, the overall understanding of the genetic factors is yet to be elucidated. We sought to discover new genes involved in CRC applying genetic association analysis and functional study. RESULTS We conducted exome array analysis on 194 CRC and 600 control subjects for discovering new candidate CRC genes. Fisher's exact test detected one exome-wide significant functional locus for CRC on SMCO1 (P < 10-6) and two suggestive functional loci on HLA-C and NUTM1 (10-6 ≤ P < 10-4). To evaluate the biological role of three candidate CRC genes, the differential expression of these genes between CRC and non-cancer colorectal cells was analyzed using qRT-PCR and publicly available gene expression data. Of three genes, HLA-C consistently revealed the significant down-regulation in CRC cells. In addition, we detected a reduction in cell viability in the HLA-C overexpression CRC cell line, implying the functional relevance of HLA-C in CRC. To understand the underlying mechanism exerted by HLA-C in CRC development, we conducted RNA sequencing analyses of HLA-C overexpression CRC cells and non-cancer colorectal cells. Pathway analysis detected that significantly down-regulated genes in HLA-C overexpression CRC cells were highly enriched in cancer-related signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, ErbB, and Hedgehog signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Exome array CRC case-control analysis followed by functional validation demonstrated that HLA-C likely exerts its influence on CRC development via cancer-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bi Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Suk Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Chang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Bagaria J, Kim KO, Bagyinszky E, An SSA, Baek JH. Discriminating Potential Genetic Markers for Complete Response and Non-Complete Response Patients to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074008. [PMID: 35409691 PMCID: PMC8997875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) prior to surgery is considered standard therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Unfortunately, most patients with rectal cancer are resistant to radiotherapy. This might be a genetic cause. The role of certain rectal cancer-causing genes has not been completely elucidated. This study aims to investigate the genes responsible for locally advanced rectal cancer patients not reacting to radiotherapy. Methods: Whole exome sequencing of the DNA samples was performed on the samples. Bioinformatic analysis on the subjects was established. Individual genetic information was screened to identify differently expressed genes that more frequently appeared in non-complete response (NCR) compared to complete response (CR) patients after nCRT. All variations were verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: Genotyping information and pathway analyses of the samples indicated genes such as FLCN, CALML5, and ANTXR1 to be commonly mutated in CR group, whereas genes such as GALNTL14, CNKSR1, ACD, and CUL3 were more commonly mutated in the NCR group. Chi-square test revealed some significant variants (<0.05) such as rs3744124 (FLCN), rs28365986 (ANTXR1), rs10904516 (CALML5), rs3738952 (CUL3), rs13394 and rs2293013 (PIH1D1), rs2274531 (GPA33), rs4963048 (BRSK2), rs17883366 (IL3RA), rs2297575 (PSMD5), rs2288101 (GALNT14), and rs11954652 (DCTN4). Conclusion: Identifying an array of genes that separate NCRs from CRs would lead to finding genetic biomarkers for early detection of rectal cancer patients that are resistant to nCRT. A further investigation to validate the significance of genetic biomarkers to segregate NCRs from CRs should be performed with a larger CRC dataset. Protein expression levels, as well as transcriptomic analysis, would also help us understand the mechanism of how these genes could play a role in preventing radiation therapy to patients. This would be essential to prevent redundant radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Bagaria
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea; (J.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Kyung-Ok Kim
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea; (J.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea; (J.B.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.A.A.); (J.-H.B.); Tel.: +82-10-4344-9633 (S.S.A.A.); +82-10-5248-6656 (J.-H.B.)
| | - Jeong-Heum Baek
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.S.A.A.); (J.-H.B.); Tel.: +82-10-4344-9633 (S.S.A.A.); +82-10-5248-6656 (J.-H.B.)
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Mas-Ponte D, McCullough M, Supek F. Spectrum of DNA mismatch repair failures viewed through the lens of cancer genomics and implications for therapy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:383-404. [PMID: 35274136 PMCID: PMC8919091 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequencing can be used to detect DNA repair failures in tumors and learn about underlying mechanisms. Here, we synthesize findings from genomic studies that examined deficiencies of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway. The impairment of MMR results in genome-wide hypermutation and in the 'microsatellite instability' (MSI) phenotype-occurrence of indel mutations at short tandem repeat (microsatellite) loci. The MSI status of tumors was traditionally assessed by molecular testing of a selected set of MS loci or by measuring MMR protein expression levels. Today, genomic data can provide a more complete picture of the consequences on genomic instability. Multiple computational studies examined somatic mutation distributions that result from failed DNA repair pathways in tumors. These include analyzing the commonly studied trinucleotide mutational spectra of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), as well as of other features such as indels, structural variants, mutation clusters and regional mutation rate redistribution. The identified mutation patterns can be used to rigorously measure prevalence of MMR failures across cancer types, and potentially to subcategorize the MMR deficiencies. Diverse data sources, genomic and pre-genomic, from human and from experimental models, suggest there are different ways in which MMR can fail, and/or that the cell-type or genetic background may result in different types of MMR mutational patterns. The spectrum of MMR failures may direct cancer evolution, generating particular sets of driver mutations. Moreover, MMR affects outcomes of therapy by DNA damaging drugs, antimetabolites, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) inhibitors, and immunotherapy by promoting either resistance or sensitivity, depending on the type of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mas-Ponte
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marcel McCullough
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Fran Supek
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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Lynch-like Syndrome: Potential Mechanisms and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051115. [PMID: 35267422 PMCID: PMC8909420 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lynch-like syndrome (LLS) is defined as colorectal cancer cases with microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the absence of a germline mutation in these genes that cannot be explained by BRAF mutation or MLH1 hypermethylation. The application of the universal strategy for the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome (LS) in all CRCs is leading to an increase in the incidence of cases of LLS. It has been described that risk of cancer in relatives of LLS patients is in between of that found in Lynch syndrome families and sporadic cases. That makes LLS patients and their families a challenging group for which the origin of CRC is unknown, being a mixture between unidentified hereditary CRC and sporadic cases. The potential causes of LLS are discussed in this review, as well as methods for identification of truly hereditary cases. Abstract Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system genes, such as MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. It is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome. Screening is regularly performed by using microsatellite instability (MSI) or immunohistochemistry for the MMR proteins in tumor samples. However, in a proportion of cases, MSI is found or MMR immunohistochemistry is impaired in the absence of a germline mutation in MMR genes, BRAF mutation, or MLH1 hypermethylation. These cases are defined as Lynch-like syndrome. Patients with Lynch-like syndrome represent a mixture of truly hereditary and sporadic cases, with a risk of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives that is between the risk of Lynch syndrome in families and relatives of sporadic colon cancer cases. Although multiple approaches have been suggested to distinguish between hereditary and sporadic cases, a homogeneous testing protocol and consensus on the adequate classification of these patients is still lacking. For this reason, management of Lynch-like syndrome and prevention of cancer in these families is clinically challenging. This review explains the concept of Lynch-like syndrome, potential mechanisms for its development, and methods for adequately distinguishing between sporadic and hereditary cases of this entity.
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Saleem AM, Saber W, Alnajashi RA, Alamoudi EA, Shilli YH, Aljabarti AM, Al-Hajeili M. Outcomes of Non-metastatic Colon Cancer: A Single-Center Experience. Cureus 2021; 13:e17657. [PMID: 34659935 PMCID: PMC8491801 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer. In the Saudi Cancer Registry, CRC ranked as the most common cancer in men and the third most common cancer in women. Data regarding the stage of CRC at presentation and patient demographics and outcomes in Saudi Arabia are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, survival, and mortality rates of patients with non-metastatic CRC in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum at King Abdulaziz University Hospital between 2013 and 2017. Patients aged ≥18 years who presented with non-metastatic CRC and underwent curative resection were included. Patients with rectal cancer or metastatic colon cancer were excluded. Data on demographic characteristics, histopathological findings, tumor-node-metastasis stage, biomarkers, and surgical interventions were collected. Recurrence-free survival was defined as the time from surgery to the date of recurrence or death. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata/IC 15.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Results Among 260 patients diagnosed with CRC, 82 were included based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Among those patients, 65.9% were men and 47.5% were Saudi citizens. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 60.8 years. Fifty-three patients (64.6%) had left-sided colon cancer. The mean tumor diameter was 52.6 mm. Most colon tumors were T3 lesions (71.3%), and 41% of patients did not have lymph node involvement (N0). Most patients (85.1%) underwent open surgery. In the multivariate analysis, only resection margin status and N stage (hazard ratio: 17.7 and 3.7, respectively) were identified as statistically significant factors affecting the recurrence-free survival. The one-, two-, and five-year recurrence-free rates were 80.5%, 66.5%, and 57.1%, respectively, and the one-, two-, and five-year and overall survival rates were 90.3%, 82.5%, and 82.5%, respectively. Conclusions We showed significant reductions in recurrence-free and overall survival within the first two years after surgical resection. Further prospective studies are needed to explore predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wafa Saber
- Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Ebtihal A Alamoudi
- Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Amani M Aljabarti
- Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Marwan Al-Hajeili
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
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Guo J, Zhu S, Deng H, Xu R. HSP60-knockdown suppresses proliferation in colorectal cancer cells via activating the adenine/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:630. [PMID: 34267822 PMCID: PMC8258614 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most lethal cancer in the world. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), a mitochondrial chaperone that maintains mitochondrial proteostasis, is highly expressed in tumors compared with in paracancerous tissues, suggesting that high HSP60 expression benefits tumor growth. To determine the effects of HSP60 expression on tumor progression, stable HSP60-knockdown HCT116 cells were constructed in the present study, revealing that knockdown of HSP60 inhibited cell proliferation. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial proteins were downregulated, indicating that knockdown of HSP60 disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that cellular adenine levels were >30-fold higher in HSP60-knockdown cells than in control cells. It was further confirmed that elevated adenine activated the AMPK signaling pathway, which inhibited mTOR-regulated protein synthesis to slow down cell proliferation. Overall, the current results provide a valuable resource for understanding mitochondrial function in CRC, suggesting that HSP60 may be a potential target for CRC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Guo
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Songbiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Renhua Xu
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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Exome sequencing of early-onset patients supports genetic heterogeneity in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11135. [PMID: 34045552 PMCID: PMC8159954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease that can be caused by a spectrum of genetic variants ranging from low to high penetrance changes, that interact with the environment to determine which individuals will develop the disease. In this study, we sequenced 20 early-onset CRC patients to discover novel genetic variants that could be linked to the prompt disease development. Eight genes, CHAD, CHD1L, ERCC6, IGTB7, PTPN13, SPATA20, TDG and TGS1, were selected and re-sequenced in a further 304 early onset CRC patients to search for rare, high-impact variants. Although we found a recurring truncating variant in the TDG gene shared by two independent patients, the results obtained did not help consolidate any of the candidates as promising CRC predisposing genes. However, we found that potential risk alleles in our extended list of candidate variants have a tendency to appear at higher numbers in younger cases. This supports the idea that CRC onset may be oligogenic in nature and may show molecular heterogeneity. Further, larger and robust studies are thus needed to unravel the genetics behind early-onset CRC development, coupled with novel functional analyses and omic approaches that may offer complementary insight.
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Hennig EE, Kluska A, Piątkowska M, Kulecka M, Bałabas A, Zeber-Lubecka N, Goryca K, Ambrożkiewicz F, Karczmarski J, Olesiński T, Zyskowski Ł, Ostrowski J. GWAS Links New Variant in Long Non-Coding RNA LINC02006 with Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060465. [PMID: 34070617 PMCID: PMC8229782 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Identifying risk factors for cancer development can allow for appropriate stratification and surveillance of individuals at risk, increasing their chances of benefiting from early disease detection; however, most of the genetic factors contributing to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain undetermined. Here, we adopted a new approach for selecting index polymorphism for further validation in combination with a genome-wide association study of pooled DNA samples for CRC susceptibility variants in the Polish population. This study, including 2013 patients and controls, uncovered five susceptibility loci not previously reported for CRC. Four of identified variants were located within genes likely involved in tumor invasiveness and metastasis, suggesting that they could be markers of poor prognosis in CRC patients. Our results provide evidence that conducting association studies on small but homogenous populations can help us discover new common risk variants specific to the studied population. Abstract Despite great efforts, most of the genetic factors contributing to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain undetermined. Including small but homogenous populations in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can help us discover new common risk variants specific to the studied population. In this study, including 465 CRC patients and 1548 controls, a pooled DNA samples-based GWAS was conducted in search of genetic variants associated with CRC in a Polish population. Combined with a new method of selecting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for verification in individual DNA samples, this approach allowed the detection of five new susceptibility loci not previously reported for CRC. The discovered loci were found to explain 10% of the overall risk of developing CRC. The strongest association was observed for rs10935945 in long non-coding RNA LINC02006 (3q25.2). Three other SNPs were also located within genes (rs17575184 in NEGR1, rs11060839 in PIWIL1, rs12935896 in BCAS3), while one was intergenic (rs9927668 at 16p13.2). An expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) bioinformatic analysis suggested that these polymorphisms may affect transcription factor binding sites. In conclusion, four of the identified variants were located within genes likely involved in tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, they could possibly be markers of poor prognosis in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa E. Hennig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (N.Z.-L.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (K.G.); (F.A.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kluska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (K.G.); (F.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Magdalena Piątkowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (K.G.); (F.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (N.Z.-L.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (K.G.); (F.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (K.G.); (F.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (N.Z.-L.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (K.G.); (F.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (K.G.); (F.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Filip Ambrożkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (K.G.); (F.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Jakub Karczmarski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (K.G.); (F.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Tomasz Olesiński
- Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (T.O.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Łukasz Zyskowski
- Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (T.O.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (N.Z.-L.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (K.G.); (F.A.); (J.K.)
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El Tekle G, Bernasocchi T, Unni AM, Bertoni F, Rossi D, Rubin MA, Theurillat JP. Co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity: what cross-cancer mutation patterns can tell us. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:823-836. [PMID: 34031014 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the dysregulated proliferation of cells caused by acquired mutations in key driver genes. The most frequently mutated driver genes promote tumorigenesis in various organisms, cell types, and genetic backgrounds. However, recent cancer genomics studies also point to the existence of context-dependent driver gene functions, where specific mutations occur predominately or even exclusively in certain tumor types or genetic backgrounds. Here, we review examples of co-occurring and mutually exclusive driver gene mutation patterns across cancer genomes and discuss their underlying biology. While co-occurring driver genes typically activate collaborating oncogenic pathways, we identify two distinct biological categories of incompatibilities among the mutually exclusive driver genes depending on whether the mutated drivers trigger the same or divergent tumorigenic pathways. Finally, we discuss possible therapeutic avenues emerging from the study of incompatible driver gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geniver El Tekle
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Bernasocchi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland
| | - Arun M Unni
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland
| | - Davide Rossi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, Precision Oncology Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Theurillat
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, TI 6500, Switzerland.
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A Review of Colorectal Cancer in Terms of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Development, Symptoms and Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092025. [PMID: 33922197 PMCID: PMC8122718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article contains a concise consideration of genetic and environmental risk factors for colorectal cancer. Known risk factors associated with colorectal cancer include familial and hereditary factors and lifestyle-related and ecological factors. Lifestyle factors are significant because of the potential for improving our understanding of the disease. Physical inactivity, obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption can also be addressed through therapeutic interventions. We also made efforts to systematize available literature and data on epidemiology, diagnosis, type and nature of symptoms and disease stages. Further study of colorectal cancer and progress made globally is crucial to inform future strategies in controlling the disease's burden through population-based preventative initiatives.
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Pignatelli P, Iezzi L, Pennese M, Raimondi P, Cichella A, Bondi D, Grande R, Cotellese R, Di Bartolomeo N, Innocenti P, Piattelli A, Curia MC. The Potential of Colonic Tumor Tissue Fusobacterium nucleatum to Predict Staging and Its Interplay with Oral Abundance in Colon Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1032. [PMID: 33804585 PMCID: PMC7957509 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis may enhance the carcinogenicity of colon cancer (CC) by the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) have the ability to invade the gut epithelium, promoting tumor progression. The aim of the study was to assess whether the abundance of these odontopathogenic bacteria was associated with colon cancer. We also investigated how lifestyle factors could influence the oral Fn and Pg abundance and CC. METHODS Thirty-six CC patients were included in the study to assess the Pg and Fn oral and colon tissue abundance by qPCR. Oral health data, food habits and lifestyles were also recorded. RESULTS Patients had a greater quantity of Fn in the oral cavity than matched CC and adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (adj t) tissues (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001). Instead, Pg was not significantly detected in colonic tissues. There was an association between the Fn quantity in the oral and CC tissue and a statistically significant relation between the Fn abundance in adenocarcinoma (ADK) and staging (p = 0.016). The statistical analysis revealed a tendency towards a greater Fn quantity in CC (p = 0.073, η2p = 0.12) for high-meat consumers. CONCLUSION In our study, Pg was absent in colon tissues but was correlated with the oral inflammation gingival and plaque indices. For the first time, there was evidence that the Fn oral concentration can influence colon tissue concentrations and predict CC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pignatelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.P.); (L.I.); (M.P.); (R.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Lorena Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.P.); (L.I.); (M.P.); (R.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Martina Pennese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.P.); (L.I.); (M.P.); (R.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Paolo Raimondi
- Department of General Surgery, Private Hospital “Villa Serena”, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy; (P.R.); (A.C.); (N.D.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Anna Cichella
- Department of General Surgery, Private Hospital “Villa Serena”, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy; (P.R.); (A.C.); (N.D.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Roberto Cotellese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.P.); (L.I.); (M.P.); (R.C.); (A.P.)
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Bartolomeo
- Department of General Surgery, Private Hospital “Villa Serena”, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy; (P.R.); (A.C.); (N.D.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Paolo Innocenti
- Department of General Surgery, Private Hospital “Villa Serena”, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy; (P.R.); (A.C.); (N.D.B.); (P.I.)
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.P.); (L.I.); (M.P.); (R.C.); (A.P.)
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.P.); (L.I.); (M.P.); (R.C.); (A.P.)
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Buendia MA, Joseph S, Ng K, Salimian K, Cuffari C. Early Onset Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in a 15-Year-Old with Pathogenic Germline Mutations in APC and MLH1: A Case Report. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2021; 20:197-200. [PMID: 33745841 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Buendia
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - Shelly Joseph
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Kenneth Ng
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kevan Salimian
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Carmen Cuffari
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Petre-Mandache CB, Margaritescu DN, Mitrut R, Kamal AM, Padureanu V, Cucu MG, Mitrut P. Risk Factors and Genetic Predisposition in Colorectal Cancer: A Study on Young and Old Adults. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2021; 47:84-88. [PMID: 34211752 PMCID: PMC8200615 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.47.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
According to GLOBOCAN 2018 data Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world and has the second-highest mortality rate. The incidence of CRC has been rising worldwide, the majority of cases being in developing countries mostly due to the adoption of an unhealthy lifestyle. The main driving factors behind CRC are a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, red meat consumption, alcohol, and tobacco; however, early detection screenings and standardized treatment options have reduced CRC mortality. Better family history and genetic testing can help those with a hereditary predisposition in taking preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Radu Mitrut
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina-Maria Kamal
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Vlad Padureanu
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai-Gabriel Cucu
- Medical Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Paul Mitrut
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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40
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Aggarwal A, Vinayak V, Bag S, Bhattacharyya C, Waghmare UV, Maiti PK. Predicting the DNA Conductance Using a Deep Feedforward Neural Network Model. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 61:106-114. [PMID: 33320660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) has been established as an efficient medium for charge migration, bringing it to the forefront of the field of molecular electronics and biological research. The charge migration rate is controlled by the electronic couplings between the two nucleobases of DNA/RNA. These electronic couplings strongly depend on the intermolecular geometry and orientation. Estimating these electronic couplings for all the possible relative geometries of molecules using the computationally demanding first-principles calculations requires a lot of time and computational resources. In this article, we present a machine learning (ML)-based model to calculate the electronic coupling between any two bases of dsDNA/dsRNA and bypass the computationally expensive first-principles calculations. Using the Coulomb matrix representation which encodes the atomic identities and coordinates of the DNA base pairs to prepare the input dataset, we train a feedforward neural network model. Our neural network (NN) model can predict the electronic couplings between dsDNA base pairs with any structural orientation with a mean absolute error (MAE) of less than 0.014 eV. We further use the NN-predicted electronic coupling values to compute the dsDNA/dsRNA conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Center for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vinayak Vinayak
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Saientan Bag
- Center for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Chiranjib Bhattacharyya
- Department of Computer Science and Automation, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Umesh V Waghmare
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Prabal K Maiti
- Center for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Nash SH, Peters U, Redwood D. Developing an Epidemiologic Study to Investigate Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer Among Alaska Native People. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2020; 25 Suppl 5, Tribal Epidemiology Centers: Advancing Public Health in Indian Country for Over 20 Years:S54-S60. [PMID: 31348191 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alaska Native (AN) people have among the highest rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) recorded globally. Preventing CRC is an important health priority of AN tribal health leaders and communities. Lifestyle and genetic risk and protective factors for CRC among AN people remain understudied. We have been working to establish a tribally led, community-based, comprehensive investigation of lifestyle and genetic risk and protective factors for CRC among AN people. We describe the process of initiating this research study, including conversations with key tribal health system staff. We discuss themes that arose during these conversations and literature review and describe how those themes were used during the study design and protocol development phase. This description is intended to provide guidance to other researchers working to establish community-based studies of cancer risk, particularly among tribal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Nash
- Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska (Drs Nash and Redwood); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (Dr Peters); and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Dr Peters)
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Xu Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Guo T, Zhu C, Xu Y, Liu F. Comparison Between Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X and Lynch Syndrome: Molecular, Clinical, and Pathological Characteristics and Pedigrees. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1603. [PMID: 32984025 PMCID: PMC7493642 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare the molecular, clinical, and pathological characteristics and pedigrees of familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) with those of Lynch syndrome (LS) to provide a theoretical basis for the management of FCCTX. Methods Overall, 46 cases of FCCTX and 47 LS probands and affected families were enrolled between June 2008 and September 2018 for this study. Multigene cancer panel tests that included 139 genes were performed for all patients, and variants in each group were described. The clinical, pathological, and pedigree characteristics were also compared between the two groups. Results In total, 42 variants were detected in 27 (58.7%) cases in the FCCTX group, with BRCA1, BRCA2, POLE, POLD1, ATR, and ATM being the most frequently mutated genes. The mean onset age of colorectal cancer (CRC) was significantly older in the FCCTX group than in the LS group (53.57 ± 12.88 years vs. 44.36 ± 11.26 years, t = −9.204, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with rectal cancer was also higher in the FCCTX group than in the LS group [43.5% (20/46) vs. 10.6% (5/47), χ2 = 12.823, p = 0.005]. Within a median follow-up time of 53.9 ± 37.0 months, the proportion of patients who developed metachronous CRC was significantly higher in the LS group than in the FCCTX group [34.0% (16/47) vs. 13.0% (6/46), χ2 = 5.676, p = 0.017]. When comparing pedigrees, older age at cancer onset and rectal cancer clustering were observed in the FCCTX families. A higher prevalence in male patients was also observed in the FCCTX families. Conclusion FCCTX is an entity distinct from LS, but its genetic etiology remains unknown. A larger multigene panel would be recommended for determining the underlying pathogenic variants. Considering the pathology and moderate penetrance of the CRC link to FCCTX, less stringent surgical treatments and colonoscopy surveillance would be preferable. Rectum preference is a typical feature of FCCTX. Colonoscopy surveillance in FCCTX families could be less intensive, and more attention should be given to male members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian'an Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangqi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Sieminska I, Baran J. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1526. [PMID: 32849517 PMCID: PMC7426395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common malignancies diagnosed worldwide. The pathogenesis of CRC is complex and involves, among others, accumulation of genetic predispositions and epigenetic factors, dietary habits, alterations in gut microbiota, and lack of physical activity. A growing body of evidence suggests that immune cells play different roles in CRC, comprising both pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions. Immunosuppression observed during cancer development and progression is a result of the orchestration of many cell types, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs, along with other cells, stimulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, and formation of metastases. This article focuses on MDSCs in relation to their role in the initiation and progression of CRC. Possible forms of immunotherapies targeting MDSCs in CRC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarek Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Montazeri Z, Li X, Nyiraneza C, Ma X, Timofeeva M, Svinti V, Meng X, He Y, Bo Y, Morgan S, Castellví-Bel S, Ruiz-Ponte C, Fernández-Rozadilla C, Carracedo Á, Castells A, Bishop T, Buchanan D, Jenkins MA, Keku TO, Lindblom A, van Duijnhoven FJB, Wu A, Farrington SM, Dunlop MG, Campbell H, Theodoratou E, Zheng W, Little J. Systematic meta-analyses, field synopsis and global assessment of the evidence of genetic association studies in colorectal cancer. Gut 2020; 69:1460-1471. [PMID: 31818908 PMCID: PMC7398467 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an understanding of the role of common genetic variations in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, we report an updated field synopsis and comprehensive assessment of evidence to catalogue all genetic markers for CRC (CRCgene2). DESIGN We included 869 publications after parallel literature review and extracted data for 1063 polymorphisms in 303 different genes. Meta-analyses were performed for 308 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 158 different genes with at least three independent studies available for analysis. Scottish, Canadian and Spanish data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were incorporated for the meta-analyses of 132 SNPs. To assess and classify the credibility of the associations, we applied the Venice criteria and Bayesian False-Discovery Probability (BFDP). Genetic associations classified as 'positive' and 'less-credible positive' were further validated in three large GWAS consortia conducted in populations of European origin. RESULTS We initially identified 18 independent variants at 16 loci that were classified as 'positive' polymorphisms for their highly credible associations with CRC risk and 59 variants at 49 loci that were classified as 'less-credible positive' SNPs; 72.2% of the 'positive' SNPs were successfully replicated in three large GWASs and the ones that were not replicated were downgraded to 'less-credible' positive (reducing the 'positive' variants to 14 at 11 loci). For the remaining 231 variants, which were previously reported, our meta-analyses found no evidence to support their associations with CRC risk. CONCLUSION The CRCgene2 database provides an updated list of genetic variants related to CRC risk by using harmonised methods to assess their credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Montazeri
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xue Li
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christine Nyiraneza
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Victoria Svinti
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yazhou He
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yacong Bo
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Morgan
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ceres Fernández-Rozadilla
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Buchanan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Jansen AML, Goel A. Mosaicism in Patients With Colorectal Cancer or Polyposis Syndromes: A Systematic Review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:1949-1960. [PMID: 32147591 PMCID: PMC7725418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Somatic mosaicism, in which variants arise post-zygotically and are therefore not present in all cells in the body, may be an underestimated cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyposis syndromes. We performed a systematic review to provide a comprehensive overview of somatic mosaicism in patients with CRC and polyposis syndromes. METHODS We searched PubMed through March 2018 to identify reports of mosaicism in patients with CRC or polyposis syndromes. We divided the final set of studies into 3 subgroups describing APC mosaicism, mosaicism in other CRC susceptibility genes, and epigenetic mosaicism. RESULTS Of the 232 articles identified in our systematic search, 46 met the criteria for further analysis. Of these, 35 studies described mosaic variants or epimutations in patients with CRC or polyposis syndromes. Nineteen studies described APC mosaicism, comprising a total of 57 patients. Six described mosaicism in genes associated with familial CRC syndromes, such as Lynch and Cowden syndromes. Ten studies described epigenetic mosaicism, sometimes resulting from a germline variant (such as deletion of EPCAM). CONCLUSIONS We found that somatic mosaicism is underdiagnosed but critical for determining the clinical management of patients with de novo polyposis who possibly carry mosaic APC variants, and present a decision tree for the clinical management of these patients. Mosaicism in genes associated with susceptibility to CRC contributes to development of other familial CRC syndromes. Heritable epigenetic mosaicism is likely underestimated and could have a dominant pattern of inheritance. However, the inheritance of primary mosaic epimutations, without an underlying genetic cause, is complex and not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Maria Lucia Jansen
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California.
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Choi YH, Lakhal-Chaieb L, Kröl A, Yu B, Buchanan D, Ahnen D, Le Marchand L, Newcomb PA, Win AK, Jenkins M, Lindor NM, Briollais L. Risks of Colorectal Cancer and Cancer-Related Mortality in Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X and Lynch Syndrome Families. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:675-683. [PMID: 30380125 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of cancers is well characterized in Lynch syndrome (LS) families but has been less studied in familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) families. METHODS In this article, we compare the risk estimates of first and second colorectal cancers (CRCs) in 168 FCTTX and 780 LS families recruited through the Colon Cancer Family Registry as well as the risk of cancer-related deaths and disease-free survival (DFS) after a first CRC. Our methodology is based on a survival analysis approach, developed specifically to model the occurrence of successive cancers (ie, first and second CRCs) in the presence of competing risk events (ie, death from any causes). RESULTS We found an excess risk of first and second CRC in individuals with LS compared to FCCTX family members. However, for an average age at first CRC of 60 years in FCCTX families and 50 years in LS families, the DFS rates were comparable in men but lower in women from FCCTX vs LS families, eg , 75.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 69.0% to 80.9%) vs 78.9% (95% CI = 76.3% to 81.3%) for the 10-year DFS. The 10-year risk of cancer-related death was higher in FCCTX families vs LS families, eg, 15.4% in men (95% CI = 10.9% to 19.8%) and 19.3% in women (95% CI = 13.6% to 24.7%) vs 8.9% (95% CI = 7.5% to 11.4%) and 8.7% (95% CI = 7.1% to 10.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CRCs arising in the context of FCCTX do not experience the same improved DFS and overall survival of those with LS, and that difference may be relevant in management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lajmi Lakhal-Chaieb
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Kröl
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Buchanan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dennis Ahnen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Laurent Briollais
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Moskowitz JE, Doran AG, Lei Z, Busi SB, Hart ML, Franklin CL, Sumner LW, Keane TM, Amos-Landgraf JM. Integration of genomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics to identify interplay between susceptibility alleles and microbiota in adenoma initiation. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:600. [PMID: 32600361 PMCID: PMC7322931 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease resulting from both genetic predisposition and environmental factors including the gut microbiota (GM), but deciphering the influence of genetic variants, environmental variables, and interactions with the GM is exceedingly difficult. We previously observed significant differences in intestinal adenoma multiplicity between C57BL/6 J-ApcMin (B6-Min/J) from The Jackson Laboratory (JAX), and original founder strain C57BL/6JD-ApcMin (B6-Min/D) from the University of Wisconsin. Methods To resolve genetic and environmental interactions and determine their contributions we utilized two genetically inbred, independently isolated ApcMin mouse colonies that have been separated for over 20 generations. Whole genome sequencing was used to identify genetic variants unique to the two substrains. To determine the influence of genetic variants and the impact of differences in the GM on phenotypic variability, we used complex microbiota targeted rederivation to generate two Apc mutant mouse colonies harboring complex GMs from two different sources (GMJAX originally from JAX or GMHSD originally from Envigo), creating four ApcMin groups. Untargeted metabolomics were used to characterize shifts in the fecal metabolite profile based on genetic variation and differences in the GM. Results WGS revealed several thousand high quality variants unique to the two substrains. No homozygous variants were present in coding regions, with the vast majority of variants residing in noncoding regions. Host genetic divergence between Min/J and Min/D and the complex GM additively determined differential adenoma susceptibility. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that both genetic lineage and the GM collectively determined the fecal metabolite profile, and that each differentially regulates bile acid (BA) metabolism. Metabolomics pathway analysis facilitated identification of a functionally relevant private noncoding variant associated with the bile acid transporter Fatty acid binding protein 6 (Fabp6). Expression studies demonstrated differential expression of Fabp6 between Min/J and Min/D, and the variant correlates with adenoma multiplicity in backcrossed mice. Conclusions We found that both genetic variation and differences in microbiota influences the quantitiative adenoma phenotype in ApcMin mice. These findings demonstrate how the use of metabolomics datasets can aid as a functional genomic tool, and furthermore illustrate the power of a multi-omics approach to dissect complex disease susceptibility of noncoding variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Moskowitz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Present Address: F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Anthony G Doran
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.,European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Department of Biochemistry, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Susheel B Busi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Marcia L Hart
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, 4011 Discovery Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Craig L Franklin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, 4011 Discovery Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Department of Biochemistry, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Thomas M Keane
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.,European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - James M Amos-Landgraf
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA. .,Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, 4011 Discovery Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
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Combinatorial approach of in silico and in vitro evaluation of MLH1 variant associated with Lynch syndrome like metastatic colorectal cancer. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:224895. [PMID: 32432717 PMCID: PMC7269917 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most developing cancer worldwide and Lynch syndrome (LS) accounts for 3–4% of CRC. Genetic alteration in any of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene is the major cause of LS that disrupt the normal upstream and downstream MMR events. Germline mutation of MLH1 in heterozygous state have an increased risk for CRC. Defective MMR pathway mostly results in microsatellite instability (MSI) that occurs in high percentage of CRC associated tumors. Here, we reported a patient with LS like metastatic CRC (mCRC) associated with other related cancers. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of the proband was performed to identify potential causative gene. Genetic screening validated by Sanger sequencing identified a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 12 of MLH1 (c.1151T>A, p.V384D). The clinical significance of identified variant was elucidated on the basis of clinicopathological data, computational predictions and various in vitro functional analysis. In silico predictions classified the variant to be deleterious and evolutionary conserved. In vitro functional studies revealed a significant decrease in protein expression because of stability defect leading to loss of MMR activity. Mutant residue found in MutL transducer domain of MLH1 that localized in the nucleus but translocation was not found to be significantly disturbed. In conclusion, our study give insight into reliability of combinatorial prediction approach of in silico and in vitro expression analysis. Hence, we highlighted the pathogenic correlation of MLH1 variant with LS associated CRC as well as help in earlier diagnosis and surveillance for improved management and genetic counselling.
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The Role of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061379. [PMID: 32471257 PMCID: PMC7352496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence risk and mortality. Vitamin D mediates its action through the binding of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and polymorphisms of the VDR might explain these inverse associations. The aim of the study was the investigation of the relevance of rs731236; Thermus aquaticus I (TaqI), rs7975232; Acetobacter pasteurianus sub. pasteurianus I (ApaI), rs2228570; Flavobacterium okeanokoites I (FokI) and rs1544410, Bacillus stearothermophilus I (BsmI) polymorphisms of the VDR gene to colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) and progression. Peripheral blood was obtained from 397 patients with early operable stage II/III (n = 202) and stage IV (n = 195) CRC. Moreover, samples from 100 healthy donors and 40 patients with adenomatous polyps were also included as control groups. Genotyping in the samples from patients and controls was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). A significant association was revealed between all four polymorphisms and cancer. Individuals with homozygous mutant (tt, aa, ff or bb) genotypes were more susceptible to the disease (p < 0.001). All of the mutant genotypes detected were also significantly associated with stage IV (p < 0.001), leading to significantly decreased survival (p < 0.001). Moreover, all four polymorphisms were significantly associated with KRAS (Kirsten ras oncogene) mutations and Toll-like receptor (TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9) genetic variants. In multivariate analysis, tt, aa and ff genotypes emerged as independent factors associated with decreased overall survival (OS) (p = 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The detection of higher frequencies of the VDR polymorphisms in CRC patients highlights the role of these polymorphisms in cancer development and progression.
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Buttacavoli M, Albanese NN, Roz E, Pucci-Minafra I, Feo S, Cancemi P. Proteomic Profiling of Colon Cancer Tissues: Discovery of New Candidate Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093096. [PMID: 32353950 PMCID: PMC7247674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is an aggressive tumor form with a poor prognosis. This study reports a comparative proteomic analysis performed by using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) between 26 pooled colon cancer surgical tissues and adjacent non-tumoral tissues, to identify potential target proteins correlated with carcinogenesis. The DAVID functional classification tool revealed that most of the differentially regulated proteins, acting both intracellularly and extracellularly, concur across multiple cancer steps. The identified protein classes include proteins involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolic pathways, oxidative stress, cell motility, Ras signal transduction, and cytoskeleton. Interestingly, networks and pathways analysis showed that the identified proteins could be biologically inter-connected to the tumor-host microenvironment, including innate immune response, platelet and neutrophil degranulation, and hemostasis. Finally, transgelin (TAGL), here identified for the first time with four different protein species, collectively down-regulated in colon cancer tissues, emerged as a top-ranked biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). In conclusion, our findings revealed a different proteomic profiling in colon cancer tissues characterized by the deregulation of specific pathways involved in hallmarks of cancer. All of these proteins may represent promising novel colon cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, if validated in larger cohorts of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Buttacavoli
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d’Orleans, Building 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Ninfa Albanese
- Experimental Center of Onco Biology (COBS), Via San Lorenzo Colli, 312, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Roz
- La Maddalena Hospital III Level Oncological Department, Via San Lorenzo Colli, 312, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ida Pucci-Minafra
- Experimental Center of Onco Biology (COBS), Via San Lorenzo Colli, 312, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Feo
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d’Orleans, Building 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cancemi
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d’Orleans, Building 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Experimental Center of Onco Biology (COBS), Via San Lorenzo Colli, 312, 90145 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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