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Scott OW, TinTin S, Cavadino A, Elwood JM. Beta-blocker use and breast cancer outcomes: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 206:443-463. [PMID: 38837086 PMCID: PMC11208256 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Beta blockers (BBs) are commonly used cardiovascular medications, and their association with breast cancer outcomes has been examined in several previous observational studies and meta-analyses. In this study, an updated meta-analysis was undertaken to ascertain the association between BBs and both breast cancer death (BCD) and breast cancer recurrence (BCR). METHODS Articles were sourced from various databases up until the 14th of August 2023. Effect estimates were pooled using the random effects model, and the Higgins I2 statistic was computed to ascertain heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were conducted by the potential for immortal time bias (ITB), the exposure period (prediagnosis vs postdiagnosis), and type of BB (selective vs non-selective). Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's regression tests. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included. Pooled results showed that there was no statistically significant association between BB use and both BCD (19 studies, hazard ratio = 0.90, 95% CI 0.78-1.04) and BCR (16 studies, HR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.71-1.08). After removing studies with ITB, the associations were attenuated towards the null. There was no effect modification for either outcome when stratifying by the exposure period or type of BB. There was clear evidence of publication bias for both outcomes. CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis, we found no evidence of an association between BB use and both BCD and BCR. Removing studies with ITB attenuated the associations towards the null, but there was no effect modification by the exposure period or type of BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver William Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Building 507, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Sandar TinTin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Building 507, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Building 507, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - J Mark Elwood
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Building 507, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
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2
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Li J, Zhang Y, Fu T, Xing G, Tong Y. Advancing cancer therapy: The role of MicroRNA in clinical applications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107299. [PMID: 38972495 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | | | - Tong Fu
- Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Guoli Xing
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Tong
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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3
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Liu W, Mousa AAK, Hopkins AM, Wu YF, Thu KL, Campbell M, Lees SJ, Ramachandran R, Hou J. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 (LPA 1) Antagonists as Potential Migrastatics for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400013. [PMID: 38648251 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for about 90 % of cancer deaths. Anti-metastatic drugs, termed as migrastatics, offer a distinctive therapeutic approach to address cancer migration and invasion. However, therapeutic exploitation of metastasis-specific targets remains limited, and the effective prevention and suppression of metastatic cancer continue to be elusive. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) is activated by an endogenous lipid molecule LPA, leading to a diverse array of cellular activities. Previous studies have shown that the LPA/LPA1 axis supports the progression of metastasis for many types of cancer. In this study, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorine-containing triazole derivatives as potent LPA1 antagonists, offering potential as migrastatic drugs for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In particular, compound 12 f, the most potent and highly selective in this series with an IC50 value of 16.0 nM in the cAMP assay and 18.4 nM in the calcium mobilization assay, inhibited cell survival, migration, and invasion in the TNBC cell line. Interestingly, the compound did not induce apoptosis in TNBC cells and demonstrated no cytotoxic effects. These results highlight the potential of LPA1 as a migrastatic target. Consequently, the LPA1 antagonists developed in this study hold promise as potential migrastatic candidates for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6 V4, Canada
| | - Amr A K Mousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Austin M Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Yin Fang Wu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsie L Thu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6 V4, Canada
| | - Simon J Lees
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Jinqiang Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6 V4, Canada
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4
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Ma Y, Luo F, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Xue J, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Fang W, Zhou T, Chen G, Cao J, Chen Q, She X, Luo P, Liu G, Zhang L, Zhao H. Preclinical characterization and phase 1 results of ADG106 in patients with advanced solid tumors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101414. [PMID: 38330942 PMCID: PMC10897605 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
ADG106, a ligand-blocking agonistic antibody targeting CD137 (4-1BB), exhibits promising results in preclinical studies, demonstrating tumor suppression in various animal models and showing a balanced profile between safety and efficacy. This phase 1 study enrolls 62 patients with advanced malignancies, revealing favorable tolerability up to the 5.0 mg/kg dose level. Dose-limiting toxicity occurs in only one patient (6.3%) at 10.0 mg/kg, resulting in grade 4 neutropenia. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events include leukopenia (22.6%), neutropenia (22.6%), elevated alanine aminotransferase (22.6%), rash (21.0%), itching (17.7%), and elevated aspartate aminotransferase (17.7%). The overall disease control rates are 47.1% for advanced solid tumors and 54.5% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Circulating biomarkers suggest target engagement by ADG106 and immune modulation of circulating T, B, and natural killer cells and cytokines interferon γ and interleukin-6, which may affect the probability of clinical efficacy. ADG106 has a manageable safety profile and preliminary anti-tumor efficacy in patients with advanced cancers (this study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03802955).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Ma
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Fan Luo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Xue
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China.
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China.
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Tan Y, Song Q. Bibliometric analysis of research trends on the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors in solid tumors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24452. [PMID: 38293546 PMCID: PMC10826821 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has made significant achievements in the therapeutics of various tumor types, and recently growing evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials has indicated that poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are exhibiting encouraging synergism with ICIs. The aim of our current study is to explore the development pattern of literature related to the combined therapy of ICIs and PARPi in solid tumors from a bibliometric perspective. Methods Publications concerning the combination of ICIs and PARPi in solid tumors during 2008-2022 were extracted from the WOSCC database. VOSviewer and R-bibliometrix were applied to conduct bibliometrics. Results In total, 1113 articles were finally included. The USA was the most dominant country, and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center was the most fruitful institute. Andreas Schneeweiss ranked first concerning the amount of publications in this research domain, and Timothy Yap had the most citations on this theme. The analysis of keyword co-occurrence indicated that research frontiers were shifted from the biological mechanisms of cell death to the combined strategy of ICIs and PARPi in clinical trials. Conclusions Our study comprehensively examined the publications on the combination of ICIs and PARPi in solid tumors from a bibliometric perspective. The research on this topic is in its rapid growth stage, and the USA is possessing an absolutely leading position in this field by its scientific accumulations and productivity. Moreover, the research frontiers have shifted from the mechanisms of ICIs and PARPi to their combined treatment in clinical application. In summary, our results demonstrated a comprehensive overview of the knowledge atlas and a valuable reference for the future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Stuart DD, Guzman-Perez A, Brooijmans N, Jackson EL, Kryukov GV, Friedman AA, Hoos A. Precision Oncology Comes of Age: Designing Best-in-Class Small Molecules by Integrating Two Decades of Advances in Chemistry, Target Biology, and Data Science. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2131-2149. [PMID: 37712571 PMCID: PMC10551669 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule drugs have enabled the practice of precision oncology for genetically defined patient populations since the first approval of imatinib in 2001. Scientific and technology advances over this 20-year period have driven the evolution of cancer biology, medicinal chemistry, and data science. Collectively, these advances provide tools to more consistently design best-in-class small-molecule drugs against known, previously undruggable, and novel cancer targets. The integration of these tools and their customization in the hands of skilled drug hunters will be necessary to enable the discovery of transformational therapies for patients across a wider spectrum of cancers. SIGNIFICANCE Target-centric small-molecule drug discovery necessitates the consideration of multiple approaches to identify chemical matter that can be optimized into drug candidates. To do this successfully and consistently, drug hunters require a comprehensive toolbox to avoid following the "law of instrument" or Maslow's hammer concept where only one tool is applied regardless of the requirements of the task. Combining our ever-increasing understanding of cancer and cancer targets with the technological advances in drug discovery described below will accelerate the next generation of small-molecule drugs in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Axel Hoos
- Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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Molecular Testing for Diagnostics, Prognostication, and Treatment Stratification in Cancers. Cancer J 2023; 29:3-8. [PMID: 36693151 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Precision cancer care, for essentially all cancer types, now requires molecular diagnostics to assess mutations, chromosomal alterations, and gene expression to personalize treatments for individual patients. Advances in the diagnostics and treatment options have moved the field forward from fundamental discoveries beginning in the 1960s to the development of many targeted therapies that can be as specific as targeting a single-base-pair mutation. Herein is a brief historical perspective on cancer precision medicine with current diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment stratification guidance for early- and late-stage cancers.
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8
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Que Z, Tian J. New strategy for antimetastatic treatment of lung cancer: a hypothesis based on circulating tumour cells. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:356. [PMCID: PMC9664634 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMetastasis is the primary cause of death in lung cancer patients. However, until now, effective drugs and intervention strategies for treating lung cancer metastasis have been lacking. This hypothesis focuses on circulating tumour cells (CTCs) to develop a new antimetastatic therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. Here, we outline the role of CTCs in tumour metastasis and their functional effects during the treatment of lung cancer patients. Additionally, we hypothesized the possibility of CTCs as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in preventing and treating metastasis in patients with early-stage lung cancer. We hope that the realization of this hypothesis will improve the overall survival of lung cancer.
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Determining drug dose in the era of targeted therapies: playing it (un)safe? Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:123. [PMID: 35999205 PMCID: PMC9399108 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies against phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) are approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Since approval of the first-in-class drugs, next-generation agents have become available and are continuously under development. While these therapies act on well-characterized molecular targets, this knowledge is only to some extent taken into consideration when determining their dose in phase I trials. For example, BTK occupancy has been assessed in dose-finding studies of various BTK inhibitors, but the minimum doses that result in full BTK occupancy were not determined. Although targeted agents have a different dose–response relationship than cytotoxic agents, which are more effective near the maximum tolerated dose, the traditional 3 + 3 toxicity-driven trial design remains heavily used in the era of targeted therapies. If pharmacodynamic biomarkers were more stringently used to guide dose selection, the recommended phase II dose would likely be lower as compared to the toxicity-driven selection. Reduced drug doses may lower toxicity, which in some cases is severe for these agents, and are supported by retrospective studies demonstrating non-inferior outcomes for patients with clinically indicated dose reductions. Here, we review strategies that were used for dose selection in phase I studies of currently approved and select investigational targeted therapies in CLL, and discuss how our initial clinical experience with targeted therapies have pointed to dose reductions, intermittent dosing, and drug combinations as strategies to overcome treatment intolerance and resistance.
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Shafiee A, Iravani S, Varma RS. Graphene and graphene oxide with anticancer applications: Challenges and future perspectives. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e118. [PMID: 35281783 PMCID: PMC8906468 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have shown immense pertinence for sensing/imaging, gene/drug delivery, cancer therapy/diagnosis, and tissue engineering/regenerative medicine. Indeed, the large surface area, ease of functionalization, high drug loading capacity, and reactive oxygen species induction potentials have rendered graphene- (G-) and graphene oxide (GO)-based (nano)structures promising candidates for cancer therapy applications. Various techniques namely liquid-phase exfoliation, Hummer's method, chemical vapor deposition, chemically reduced GO, mechanical cleavage of graphite, arc discharge of graphite, and thermal fusion have been deployed for the production of G-based materials. Additionally, important criteria such as biocompatibility, bio-toxicity, dispersibility, immunological compatibility, and inflammatory reactions of G-based structures need to be systematically assessed for additional clinical and biomedical appliances. Furthermore, surface properties (e.g., lateral dimension, charge, corona influence, surface structure, and oxygen content), concentration, detection strategies, and cell types are vital for anticancer activities of these structures. Notably, the efficient accumulation of anticancer drugs in tumor targets/tissues, controlled cellular uptake properties, tumor-targeted drug release behavior, and selective toxicity toward the cells are crucial criteria that need to be met for developing future anticancer G-based nanosystems. Herein, important challenges and future perspectives of cancer therapy using G- and GO-based nanosystems have been highlighted, and the recent advancements are deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shafiee
- Department of ChemistryCape Breton UniversitySydneyCanada
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsCzech Advanced Technology and Research InstitutePalacky University in OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
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Abstract
MXenes and their related nanocomposites with superior physicochemical properties such as high surface area, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high drug loading capacity, collective therapy potentials, pH-triggered drug release behavior,...
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12
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Jamalipour Soufi G, Iravani P, Hekmatnia A, Mostafavi E, Khatami M, Iravani S. MXenes and MXene-based Materials with Cancer Diagnostic Applications: Challenges and Opportunities. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2021.1990890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parisa Iravani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Hekmatnia
- Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Das A, Agarwal P, Jain GK, Aggarwal G, Lather V, Pandita D. Repurposing drugs as novel triple negative breast cancer therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:515-550. [PMID: 34674627 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211021143255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all the types of breast cancer (BC), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form having high metastasis and recurrence rate with limited treatment options. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have lots of toxic side effects and also no FDA approved therapies are available till now. Repurposing of old clinically approved drugs towards various targets of TNBC is the new approach with lesser side effects and also leads to successful inexpensive drug development with less time consuming. Medicinal plants containg various phytoconstituents (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, essential oils, tanins, glycosides, lactones) plays very crucial role in combating various types of diseases and used in drug development process because of having lesser side effects. OBJECTIVE The present review focuses in summarization of various categories of repurposed drugs against multitarget of TNBC and also summarizes the phytochemical categories that targets TNBC singly or in combination with synthetic old drugs. METHODS Literature information was collected from various databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Medline to understand and clarify the role and mechanism of repurposed synthetic drugs and phytoconstituents aginst TNBC by using keywords like "breast cancer", "repurposed drugs", "TNBC" and "phytoconstituents". RESULTS Various repurposed drugs and phytochemicals targeting different signaling pathways that exerts their cytotoxic activities on TNBC cells ultimately leads to apoptosis of cells and also lowers the recurrence rate and stops the metastasis process. CONCLUSION Inhibitory effects seen in different levels, which provides information and evidences to researchers towards drug developments process and thus further more investigations and researches need to be taken to get the better therapeutic treatment options against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Pallavi Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
| | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
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14
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Precision oncology in metastatic colorectal cancer - from biology to medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:506-525. [PMID: 33864051 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in the development of biomarker-driven targeted therapies for patients with multiple cancer types, including melanoma, breast and lung tumours, although precision oncology for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to lag behind. Nonetheless, the availability of patient-derived CRC models coupled with in vitro and in vivo pharmacological and functional analyses over the past decade has finally led to advances in the field. Gene-specific alterations are not the only determinants that can successfully direct the use of targeted therapy. Indeed, successful inhibition of BRAF or KRAS in metastatic CRCs driven by activating mutations in these genes requires combinations of drugs that inhibit the mutant protein while at the same time restraining adaptive resistance via CRC-specific EGFR-mediated feedback loops. The emerging paradigm is, therefore, that the intrinsic biology of CRC cells must be considered alongside the molecular profiles of individual tumours in order to successfully personalize treatment. In this Review, we outline how preclinical studies based on patient-derived models have informed the design of practice-changing clinical trials. The integration of these experiences into a common framework will reshape the future design of biology-informed clinical trials in this field.
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Guerra WD, Lucena-Agell D, Hortigüela R, Rossi RA, Fernando Díaz J, Padrón JM, Barolo SM. Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of Tubulin-Targeting Dibenzothiazines with Antiproliferative Activity as a Novel Heterocycle Building Block. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3003-3016. [PMID: 34231318 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We prepared a series of free NH and N-substituted dibenzonthiazines with potential anti-tumor activity from N-aryl-benzenesulfonamides. A biological test of synthesized compounds (59 samples) was performed in vitro measuring their antiproliferative activity against a panel of six human solid tumor cell lines and its tubulin inhibitory activity. We identified 6-(phenylsulfonyl)-6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]thiazine 5,5-dioxide and 6-tosyl-6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]thiazine 5,5-dioxide as the best compounds with promising values of activity (overall range of 2-5.4 μM). Herein, we report the dibenzothiazine core as a novel building block with antiproliferative activity, targeting tubulin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter D Guerra
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química de Córdoba, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-MS, CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Hortigüela
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-MS, CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto A Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química de Córdoba, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-MS, CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Silvia M Barolo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química de Córdoba, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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Albogami SM, Asiri Y, Asiri A, Alnefaie AA, Alnefaie S. Effects of neoadjuvant therapies on genetic regulation of targeted pathways in ER+ primary ductal breast carcinoma: A meta-analysis of microarray datasets. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:656-669. [PMID: 34400859 PMCID: PMC8347676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer arises as a result of multiple interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Conventionally, breast cancer is treated based on histopathological and clinical features. DNA technologies like the human genome microarray are now partially integrated into clinical practice and are used for developing new "personalized medicines" and "pharmacogenetics" for improving the efficiency and safety of cancer medications. We investigated the effects of four established therapies-for ER+ ductal breast cancer-on the differential gene expression. The therapies included single agent tamoxifen, two-agent docetaxel and capecitabine, or combined three-agents CAF (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil) and CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil). Genevestigator 8.1.0 was used to compare five datasets from patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, untreated or treated with selected drugs, to those from the healthy control. We identified 74 differentially expressed genes involved in three pathways, i.e., apoptosis (extrinsic and intrinsic), oxidative signaling, and PI3K/Akt signaling. The treatments affected the expression of apoptotic genes (TNFRSF10B [TRAIL], FAS, CASP3/6/7/8, PMAIP1 [NOXA], BNIP3L, BNIP3, BCL2A1, and BCL2), the oxidative stress-related genes (NOX4, XDH, MAOA, GSR, GPX3, and SOD3), and the PI3K/Akt pathway gene (ERBB2 [HER2]). Breast cancer treatments are complex with varying drug responses and efficacy among patients. This necessitates identifying novel biomarkers for predicting the drug response, using available data and new technologies. GSR, NOX4, CASP3, and ERBB2 are potential biomarkers for predicting the treatment response in primary ER+ ductal breast carcinoma.
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Key Words
- BC, breast cancer
- Bax, Bcl-2-associated X
- Bcl2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAF, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil
- CASP3
- CMF, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil
- Chemotherapy
- DC, docetaxel and capecitabine
- ER+ ductal carcinoma
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ERBB2 (HER2)
- FC, fold-change
- FU, fluorouracil
- GSR
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor 2
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- NOX4
- OH●, hydroxyl radical
- PI3K/Akt, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B
- PM, personalized medicine
- PR, progesterone receptor
- PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TGF-α/β, transforming growth factor alpha/beta
- TMX, tamoxifen
- TS, thymidylate synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif Asiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Asiri
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, MBC#11, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A. Alnefaie
- International Medical Center Hospital, P.O. Box 953, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Alnefaie
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Iravani S, Varma RS. MXenes for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis: Recent Advances and Current Challenges. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1900-1913. [PMID: 33851823 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MXenes endowed with several attractive physicochemical attributes, namely, specific large surface area, significant electrical conductivity, magnetism, low toxicity, luminescence, and high biocompatibility, have been considered as promising candidates for cancer therapy and theranostics. These two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures endowed with photothermal, chemotherapeutic synergistic, and photodynamic effects have shown promising potential for decidedly effectual and noninvasive anticancer treatments. They have been explored for photothermal/chemo-photothermal therapy (PTT) and for targeted anticancer drug delivery. Remarkably, MXenes with their unique optical properties have been employed for bioimaging and biosensing, and their excellent light-to-heat transition competence renders them an ideal biocompatible and decidedly proficient nanoscaled agent for PTT appliances. However, several important challenging issues still linger regarding their stability in physiological environments, sustained/controlled release of drugs, and biodegradability that need to be addressed. This Perspective emphasizes the latest advancements of MXenes and MXene-based materials in the domain of targeted cancer therapy/diagnosis, with a focus on the current trends, important challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Iasonos A, O'Quigley J. Randomised Phase 1 clinical trials in oncology. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:920-926. [PMID: 34112947 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of Phase 1 trials in oncology have broadened considerably from simply demonstrating that the agent/regimen of interest is well tolerated in a relatively heterogeneous patient population to addressing multiple objectives under the heading of early-phase trials and, if possible, obtaining reliable evidence regarding clinical activity to lead to drug approvals via the Accelerated Approval approach or Breakthrough Therapy designation in cases where the tumours are rare, prognosis is poor or where there might be an unmet therapeutic need. Constructing a Phase 1 design that can address multiple objectives within the context of a single trial is not simple. Randomisation can play an important role, but carrying out such randomisation according to the principles of equipoise is a significant challenge in the Phase 1 setting. If the emerging data are not sufficient to definitively address the aims early on, then a proper design can reduce biases, enhance interpretability, and maximise information so that the Phase 1 data can be more compelling. This article outlines objectives and design considerations that need to be adhered to in order to respect ethical and scientific principles required for research in human subjects in early phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Iasonos
- Attending Biostatistician, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - John O'Quigley
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
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Carrion CC, Nasrollahzadeh M, Sajjadi M, Jaleh B, Soufi GJ, Iravani S. Lignin, lipid, protein, hyaluronic acid, starch, cellulose, gum, pectin, alginate and chitosan-based nanomaterials for cancer nanotherapy: Challenges and opportunities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:193-228. [PMID: 33631269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems are relatively new, they are rapidly evolving since the nanomaterials are deployed as effective means of diagnosis and delivery of assorted therapeutic agents to targeted intracellular sites in a controlled release manner. Nanomedicine and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are rapidly developing as they play crucial roles in the development of therapeutic strategies for various types of cancer and malignancy. Nevertheless, high costs, associated toxicity and production of complexities are some of the critical barriers for their applications. Green nanomedicines have continually been improved as one of the viable approaches towards tumor drug delivery, thus making a notable impact on which considerably affect cancer treatment. In this regard, the utilization of natural and renewable feedstocks as a starting point for the fabrication of nanosystems can considerably contribute to the development of green nanomedicines. Nanostructures and biopolymers derived from natural and biorenewable resources such as proteins, lipids, lignin, hyaluronic acid, starch, cellulose, gum, pectin, alginate, and chitosan play vital roles in the development of cancer nanotherapy, imaging and management. This review uncovers recent investigations on diverse nanoarchitectures fabricated from natural and renewable feedstocks for the controlled/sustained and targeted drug/gene delivery systems against cancers including an outlook on some of the scientific challenges and opportunities in this field. Various important natural biopolymers and nanomaterials for cancer nanotherapy are covered and the scientific challenges and opportunities in this field are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carrillo Carrion
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Ctra Nnal IV-A Km. 396, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Mohaddeseh Sajjadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom 37185-359, Iran
| | - Babak Jaleh
- Department of Physics, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174 Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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20
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Applications of liquid biopsy in the Pharmacological Audit Trail for anticancer drug development. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:454-467. [PMID: 33762744 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drug development is a costly and protracted activity, and failure at late phases of clinical testing is common. We have previously proposed the Pharmacological Audit Trail (PhAT) intended to improve the efficiency of drug development, with a focus on the use of tumour tissue-based biomarkers. Blood-based 'liquid biopsy' approaches, such as targeted or whole-genome sequencing studies of plasma circulating cell-free tumour DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumour cells (CTCs), are of increasing relevance to this drug development paradigm. Liquid biopsy assays can provide quantitative and qualitative data on prognostic, predictive, pharmacodynamic and clinical response biomarkers, and can also enable the characterization of disease evolution and resistance mechanisms. In this Perspective, we examine the promise of integrating liquid biopsy analyses into the PhAT, focusing on the current evidence, advances, limitations and challenges. We emphasize the continued importance of analytical validation and clinical qualification of circulating tumour biomarkers through prospective clinical trials.
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21
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Grisendi G, Banchelli F, D'Amico R, Maiorana A, Morandi U, Dominici M, Haider KH. Cancer stem cells and macrophages: molecular connections and future perspectives against cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:230-250. [PMID: 33613850 PMCID: PMC7869576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been considered the key drivers of cancer initiation and progression due to their unlimited self-renewal capacity and their ability to induce tumor formation. Macrophages, particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), establish a tumor microenvironment to protect and induce CSCs development and dissemination. Many studies in the past decade have been performed to understand the molecular mediators of CSCs and TAMs, and several studies have elucidated the complex crosstalk that occurs between these two cell types. The aim of this review is to define the complex crosstalk between these two cell types and to highlight potential future anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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22
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Biondo A, Pal A, Riisnaes R, Shinde R, Tiu C, Lockie F, Baker C, Bertan C, Crespo M, Ferreira A, Pereira R, Figueiredo I, Miranda S, Gurel B, Carreira S, Banerji U, de Bono J, Lopez J, Tunariu N, Minchom A. Research Related Tumour Biopsies in Early-Phase Trials with Simultaneous Molecular Characterisation - a Single Unit Experience. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100309. [PMID: 33549985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Early-phase cancer clinical trials are becoming increasingly accessible for patients with advanced cancer who have exhausted standard treatment options and later phase trial options. Many of these trials mandate research tissue biopsies. Research biopsies have been perceived as ethically fraught due to the perception of potential coercion of vulnerable human subjects. We performed an audit of two years of practice to assess the safety of ultrasound (US)-guided research biopsies, and to look at the yield of a simultaneous tumour next-generation sequencing (NGS) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) molecular characterisation programme. We show that in our institution, US-guided research biopsies were safe, produced adequate tumour content and in a selected subset who underwent in-house NGS sequencing, showed a high rate of actionable mutations with 30% having a Tier 1 variant. Nevertheless, these research biopsies may only provide direct benefit for a minority of patients and we conclude with a reflection on the importance of obtaining truly informed consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Biondo
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Abhijit Pal
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Ruth Riisnaes
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Rajiv Shinde
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Crescens Tiu
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Fran Lockie
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Chloe Baker
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Claudia Bertan
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Mateus Crespo
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Ana Ferreira
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Rita Pereira
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Ines Figueiredo
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Susana Miranda
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Bora Gurel
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Suzanne Carreira
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Udai Banerji
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Johann de Bono
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Juanita Lopez
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Nina Tunariu
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Anna Minchom
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT.
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23
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Smyth LM, Reichel JB, Tang J, Patel JAA, Meng F, Selcuklu DS, Houck-Loomis B, You D, Samoila A, Schiavon G, Li BT, Razavi P, Piscuoglio S, Reis-Filho JS, Taylor BS, Baselga J, Solit DB, Hyman DM, Berger MF, Chandarlapaty S. Utility of Serial cfDNA NGS for Prospective Genomic Analysis of Patients on a Phase I Basket Study. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00184. [PMID: 34250397 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis offers a noninvasive means to access the tumor genome. Despite limited sensitivity of broad-panel sequencing for detecting low-frequency mutations in cfDNA, it may enable more comprehensive genomic characterization in patients with sufficiently high disease burden. We investigated the utility of large-panel cfDNA sequencing in patients enrolled to a Phase I AKT1-mutant solid tumor basket study. METHODS Patients had AKT1 E17K-mutant solid tumors and were treated on the multicenter basket study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01226316) of capivasertib, an AKT inhibitor. Serial plasma samples were prospectively collected and sequenced using exon-capture next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of 410 genes (Memorial Sloan Kettering [MSK]-Integrated Molecular Profiling of Actionable Cancer Target [IMPACT]) and allele-specific droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for AKT1 E17K. Tumor DNA (tDNA) NGS (MSK-IMPACT) was also performed on available pretreatment tissue biopsy specimens. RESULTS Among 25 patients, pretreatment plasma samples were sequenced to an average coverage of 504×. Somatic mutations were called in 20/25 (80%), with mutant allele fractions highly concordant with ddPCR of AKT1 E17K (r 2 = 0.976). Among 17 of 20 cfDNA-positive patients with available tDNA for comparison, mutational concordance was acceptable, with 82% of recurrent mutations shared between tissue and plasma. cfDNA NGS captured additional tumor heterogeneity, identifying mutations not observed in tDNA in 38% of patients, and revealed oncogenic mutations in patients without available baseline tDNA. Longitudinal cfDNA NGS (n = 98 samples) revealed distinct patterns of clonal dynamics in response to therapy. CONCLUSION Large gene panel cfDNA NGS is feasible for patients with high disease burden and is concordant with single-analyte approaches, providing a robust alternative to ddPCR with greater breadth. cfDNA NGS can identify heterogeneity and potentially biologically informative and clinically relevant alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiabin Tang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Fanli Meng
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Daoqi You
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Gaia Schiavon
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bob T Li
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - José Baselga
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David B Solit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David M Hyman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Kantamneni H, Barkund S, Donzanti M, Martin D, Zhao X, He S, Riman RE, Tan MC, Pierce MC, Roth CM, Ganapathy V, Moghe PV. Shortwave infrared emitting multicolored nanoprobes for biomarker-specific cancer imaging in vivo. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1082. [PMID: 33172421 PMCID: PMC7654009 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to detect tumor-specific biomarkers in real-time using optical imaging plays a critical role in preclinical studies aimed at evaluating drug safety and treatment response. In this study, we engineered an imaging platform capable of targeting different tumor biomarkers using a multi-colored library of nanoprobes. These probes contain rare-earth elements that emit light in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region (900-1700 nm), which exhibits reduced absorption and scattering compared to visible and NIR, and are rendered biocompatible by encapsulation in human serum albumin. The spectrally distinct emissions of the holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), and thulium (Tm) cations that constitute the cores of these nanoprobes make them attractive candidates for optical molecular imaging of multiple disease biomarkers. METHODS SWIR-emitting rare-earth-doped albumin nanocomposites (ReANCs) were synthesized using controlled coacervation, with visible light-emitting fluorophores additionally incorporated during the crosslinking phase for validation purposes. Specifically, HoANCs, ErANCs, and TmANCs were co-labeled with rhodamine-B, FITC, and Alexa Fluor 647 dyes respectively. These Rh-HoANCs, FITC-ErANCs, and 647-TmANCs were further conjugated with the targeting ligands daidzein, AMD3100, and folic acid respectively. Binding specificities of each nanoprobe to distinct cellular subsets were established by in vitro uptake studies. Quantitative whole-body SWIR imaging of subcutaneous tumor bearing mice was used to validate the in vivo targeting ability of these nanoprobes. RESULTS Each of the three ligand-functionalized nanoprobes showed significantly higher uptake in the targeted cell line compared to untargeted probes. Increased accumulation of tumor-specific nanoprobes was also measured relative to untargeted probes in subcutaneous tumor models of breast (4175 and MCF-7) and ovarian cancer (SKOV3). Preferential accumulation of tumor-specific nanoprobes was also observed in tumors overexpressing targeted biomarkers in mice bearing molecularly-distinct bilateral subcutaneous tumors, as evidenced by significantly higher signal intensities on SWIR imaging. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study show that tumors can be detected in vivo using a set of targeted multispectral SWIR-emitting nanoprobes. Significantly, these nanoprobes enabled imaging of biomarkers in mice bearing bilateral tumors with distinct molecular phenotypes. The findings from this study provide a foundation for optical molecular imaging of heterogeneous tumors and for studying the response of these complex lesions to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Kantamneni
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Shravani Barkund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Michael Donzanti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Shuqing He
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Richard E Riman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mei Chee Tan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Mark C Pierce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Charles M Roth
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Vidya Ganapathy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Cabrera-Andrade A, López-Cortés A, Munteanu CR, Pazos A, Pérez-Castillo Y, Tejera E, Arrasate S, González-Díaz H. Perturbation-Theory Machine Learning (PTML) Multilabel Model of the ChEMBL Dataset of Preclinical Assays for Antisarcoma Compounds. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27211-27220. [PMID: 33134682 PMCID: PMC7594149 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a group of malignant neoplasms of connective tissue with a different etiology than carcinomas. The efforts to discover new drugs with antisarcoma activity have generated large datasets of multiple preclinical assays with different experimental conditions. For instance, the ChEMBL database contains outcomes of 37,919 different antisarcoma assays with 34,955 different chemical compounds. Furthermore, the experimental conditions reported in this dataset include 157 types of biological activity parameters, 36 drug targets, 43 cell lines, and 17 assay organisms. Considering this information, we propose combining perturbation theory (PT) principles with machine learning (ML) to develop a PTML model to predict antisarcoma compounds. PTML models use one function of reference that measures the probability of a drug being active under certain conditions (protein, cell line, organism, etc.). In this paper, we used a linear discriminant analysis and neural network to train and compare PT and non-PT models. All the explored models have an accuracy of 89.19-95.25% for training and 89.22-95.46% in validation sets. PTML-based strategies have similar accuracy but generate simplest models. Therefore, they may become a versatile tool for predicting antisarcoma compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cabrera-Andrade
- Grupo
de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, de los Granados Avenue, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Carrera
de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, de los Granados Avenue, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- RNASA-IMEDIR,
Computer Sciences Faculty, University of
A Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- RNASA-IMEDIR,
Computer Sciences Faculty, University of
A Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad
de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito 170129, Ecuador
| | - Cristian R. Munteanu
- RNASA-IMEDIR,
Computer Sciences Faculty, University of
A Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña 15006, Spain
- Centro de
Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información
y las Comunicaciones (CITIC), Campus de
Elviña s/n, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pazos
- RNASA-IMEDIR,
Computer Sciences Faculty, University of
A Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex of A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña 15006, Spain
| | - Yunierkis Pérez-Castillo
- Grupo
de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, de los Granados Avenue, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Escuela
de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Américas, de los Granados Avenue, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Grupo
de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, de los Granados Avenue, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Facultad
de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, de los Granados Avenue, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Arrasate
- Department
of Organic Chemistry II and Basque Center for Biophysics, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Biscay, Spain
| | - Humbert González-Díaz
- Department
of Organic Chemistry II and Basque Center for Biophysics, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Biscay, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Biscay, Spain
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26
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Yap TA, O’Carrigan B, Penney MS, Lim JS, Brown JS, de Miguel Luken MJ, Tunariu N, Perez-Lopez R, Rodrigues DN, Riisnaes R, Figueiredo I, Carreira S, Hare B, McDermott K, Khalique S, Williamson CT, Natrajan R, Pettitt SJ, Lord CJ, Banerji U, Pollard J, Lopez J, de Bono JS. Phase I Trial of First-in-Class ATR Inhibitor M6620 (VX-970) as Monotherapy or in Combination With Carboplatin in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3195-3204. [PMID: 32568634 PMCID: PMC7499606 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies demonstrated that ATR inhibition can exploit synthetic lethality (eg, in cancer cells with impaired compensatory DNA damage responses through ATM loss) as monotherapy and combined with DNA-damaging drugs such as carboplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase I trial assessed the ATR inhibitor M6620 (VX-970) as monotherapy (once or twice weekly) and combined with carboplatin (carboplatin on day 1 and M6620 on days 2 and 9 in 21-day cycles). Primary objectives were safety, tolerability, and maximum tolerated dose; secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity; exploratory objectives included pharmacodynamics in timed paired tumor biopsies. RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled; 17 received M6620 monotherapy, which was safe and well tolerated. The recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for once- or twice-weekly administration was 240 mg/m2. A patient with metastatic colorectal cancer harboring molecular aberrations, including ATM loss and an ARID1A mutation, achieved RECISTv1.1 complete response and maintained this response, with a progression-free survival of 29 months at last assessment. Twenty-three patients received M6620 with carboplatin, with mechanism-based hematologic toxicities at higher doses, requiring dose delays and reductions. The RP2D for combination therapy was M6620 90 mg/m2 with carboplatin AUC5. A patient with advanced germline BRCA1 ovarian cancer achieved RECISTv1.1 partial response and Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup CA125 response despite being platinum refractory and PARP inhibitor resistant. An additional 15 patients had RECISTv1.1 stable disease as best response. Pharmacokinetics were dose proportional and exceeded preclinical efficacious levels. Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated substantial inhibition of phosphorylation of CHK1, the downstream ATR substrate. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this report is the first of an ATR inhibitor as monotherapy and combined with carboplatin. M6620 was well tolerated, with target engagement and preliminary antitumor responses observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Yap
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brent O’Carrigan
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joline S. Lim
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica S. Brown
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nina Tunariu
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ruth Riisnaes
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Saira Khalique
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris T. Williamson
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Pettitt
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Udai Banerji
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Pollard
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Juanita Lopez
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S. de Bono
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Doroshow DB, Doroshow JH. From the Broad Phase II Trial to Precision Oncology: A Perspective on the Origins of Basket and Umbrella Clinical Trial Designs in Cancer Drug Development. Cancer J 2020; 25:245-253. [PMID: 31335388 PMCID: PMC6658138 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncologic phase II trials that evaluate the activity of new therapeutic agents have evolved dramatically over the past 50 years. The standard approach beginning in the late 1960s focused on individual studies that evaluated new anticancer agents against a wide range of both solid and hematopoietic malignancies often in a single "broad phase II trial" that included hundreds of patients; such studies efficiently established the landscape for subsequent development of a specific drug with respect to likely disease focus, toxicity, dose, and schedule. In the 1980s and 1990s, emphasis on histological context drove an explosion in the number of individual phase II trials conducted; despite this increase in trial activity, investigations based on histology per se failed to improve the success rate of new agents brought to the clinic. Over the past 20 years, evolution toward a molecular drug development paradigm has demonstrably improved our ability to select patients more likely to benefit from systemic treatment; simultaneously, technological advances have permitted initial attempts at the rapid assignment of therapy based on predefined molecular characteristics of tumor or germline in broad-based master protocols that are inclusive of many diseases and molecularly characterized disease subsets, akin to but much more sophisticated scientifically than the broad phase II platforms of the past.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Yang Y, Du N, Xie L, Jiang J, Mo J, Hong J, Mao D, Ng DM, Shi H. The efficacy and safety of the addition of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to therapy for ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:151. [PMID: 32622363 PMCID: PMC7335450 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy and tolerability of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS The meta-analysis searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane libraries from inception to February 2020 to identify relevant studies. And the main results of this study were long-term prognosis and treatment-related adverse events. RESULTS The results showed that the addition of PARP inhibitors could significantly prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with ovarian cancer (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34-0.53, p < 0.001; HR, 0.79, 95% CI 0.65-0.94, p < 0.001, respectively). In the BRCA 1/2 mutation patients, the HR of PFS was 0.29 (p < 0.001), and the HR was 0.51 (p < 0.001) in the no BRCA 1/2 mutation patients. The HR of PFS was 0.40 (p < 0.001) in the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) mutation patients, while the HR was 0.80 (p < 0.001) in the no HRD mutation patients. Moreover, the analysis found that the use of PARP inhibitors did not significantly increase the risk of all grade adverse events (AEs) (RR = 1.04, p = 0.16). But the incidence of grade 3 or higher AEs was increased (RR = 1.87, p = 0.002). In general, the AEs were mainly manifested in the blood system. CONCLUSIONS PARP inhibitors can improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients with and without genetic mutations (BRCA 1/2 or HRD). Furthermore, PARP inhibitors were tolerable to patients when added to their current therapy, although it inevitably adds the grade 3 and higher AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Liuting Street 339, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Nannan Du
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Laidi Xie
- Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Liuting Street 339, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Jiahang Mo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaze Hong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danyi Mao
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Derry Minyao Ng
- Medical College of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiwei Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Liuting Street 339, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
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Aneuploid Circulating Tumor-Derived Endothelial Cell (CTEC): A Novel Versatile Player in Tumor Neovascularization and Cancer Metastasis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061539. [PMID: 32599893 PMCID: PMC7349247 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematogenous and lymphogenous cancer metastases are significantly impacted by tumor neovascularization, which predominantly consists of blood vessel-relevant angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, and lymphatic vessel-related lymphangiogenesis. Among the endothelial cells that make up the lining of tumor vasculature, a majority of them are tumor-derived endothelial cells (TECs), exhibiting cytogenetic abnormalities of aneuploid chromosomes. Aneuploid TECs are generated from “cancerization of stromal endothelial cells” and “endothelialization of carcinoma cells” in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Both processes crucially engage the hypoxia-triggered epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Compared to the cancerization process, endothelialization of cancer cells, which comprises the fusion of tumor cells with endothelial cells and transdifferentiation of cancer cells into TECs, is the dominant pathway. Tumor-derived endothelial cells, possessing the dual properties of cancerous malignancy and endothelial vascularization ability, are thus the endothelialized cancer cells. Circulating tumor-derived endothelial cells (CTECs) are TECs shed into the peripheral circulation. Aneuploid CD31+ CTECs, together with their counterpart CD31- circulating tumor cells (CTCs), constitute a unique pair of cellular circulating tumor biomarkers. This review discusses a proposed cascaded framework that focuses on the origins of TECs and CTECs in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and their clinical implications for tumorigenesis, neovascularization, disease progression, and cancer metastasis. Aneuploid CTECs, harboring hybridized properties of malignancy, vascularization and motility, may serve as a unique target for developing a novel metastasis blockade cancer therapy.
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30
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Zhao Y, Chen G, Meng Z, Gong G, Zhao W, Wang K, Liu T. A novel nanoparticle drug delivery system based on PEGylated hemoglobin for cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2020; 26:717-723. [PMID: 31293178 PMCID: PMC6691922 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1639846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins such as albumin, gelatin, casein, transferrin, and collagen are widely used as drug delivery systems. However, only albumin-based paclitaxel (PTX) formulation Abraxane® (PTX-albumin NPs prepared by nab-technology) has been successfully developed for treating metastatic breast cancer clinically due to abundant materials, simple industrial scale-up process, and well tumor-targeting ability. Hemoglobin (Hb) is another protein used for drug delivery with similar advantages. In this study, we successfully synthesized PEG-Hb nanoparticles loading with PTX based on previously well-established acid-denatured method. PEG-Hb-PTX NPs showed enhanced cellular uptake and great cellular inhibition ability in vitro. Moreover, our animal study showed that PEGylated NPs greatly accumulated in tumor tissues and exhibited excellent anticancer activity in vivo. We found that PEG-Hb-PTX NPs possess a better in vivo antitumor effect than the commercially available Taxol® formulation. We believe that PEG-Hb has great potential as an efficient drug delivery system for further clinic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Zhao
- a School of Pharmacy, Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Gang Chen
- b Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Zhengjie Meng
- c College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , China
| | - Guangming Gong
- d Department of Pharmaceutics , Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Wei Zhao
- e School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao , China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- a School of Pharmacy, Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- f QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
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31
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Fan Y, Mansoor N, Ahmad T, Wu ZX, Khan RA, Czejka M, Sharib S, Ahmed M, Chen ZS, Yang DH. Enzyme and Transporter Kinetics for CPT-11 (Irinotecan) and SN-38: An Insight on Tumor Tissue Compartment Pharmacokinetics Using PBPK. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:177-186. [PMID: 30760193 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190212164356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computational tools are becoming more and more powerful and comprehensive as compared to past decades in facilitating pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical practice. Anticancer agents are used either as monotherapy or in combination therapy to treat malignant conditions of the body. A single antineoplastic agent may be used in different types of malignancies at different doses according to the stage of the disease. OBJECTIVE To study the behavior of CPT-11 (Irinotecan) and its metabolite SN-38 in tumor tissue compartment through the Whole Body-Physiologically Pharmacokinetics (WB-PBPK) and to determine the activity of metabolic enzymes and transporters participating in the disposition of CPT-11 and SN-38 working in their physiological environment inside the human body. METHODS Whole body PBPK approach is used to determine the activity of different metabolic enzymes and transporters involved in the disposition of CPT-11 and its active metabolite, SN-38. The concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent compound and its metabolite administered at clinically applicable dose via the intravenous route in the tumor tissue are predicted using this approach. RESULTS The activity rate constants of metabolic enzymes and transporters of CPT-11 are derived at their natural anatomic locations. Concentration-time curves of CPT-11 and SN-38 with their 5th to 95th percentage range are achieved at the tumor tissue level. Mean tumor tissue pharmacokinetics of both compounds are determined in a population of 100 individuals. CONCLUSION Tumor tissue concentration-time curves of CPT-11 and SN-38 can be determined via PBPK modeling. Rate constants of enzymes and transporters can be shown for healthy and tumor bearing individuals. The results will throw light on the effective concentration of active compound at its target tissue at the clinically applied IV dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, NY 11439, United States
| | - Najia Mansoor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Ahmad
- Pharma Professional Service, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zhuo X Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, NY 11439, United States
| | - Rafeeq A Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Martin Czejka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Syed Sharib
- Pharma Professional Service, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zhe S Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, NY 11439, United States
| | - Dong H Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, NY 11439, United States
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Abstract
Progress toward the implementation of a molecular characterization paradigm in cancer drug development over the past 20 years has markedly enhanced our capability to select patients who are more likely to benefit from cancer therapy. Improvements in genomic and related diagnostic testing platforms have permitted evaluation of the efficacy of treatment assignment based on predefined biologic features of a patient's tumor or germline using master protocols that may include many malignancies and their molecularly characterized subsets. With this approach, a wide range of new targeted and immunologic treatment approaches have been defined for patients who, heretofore, lacked effective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah B Doroshow
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Suite 3A44, Building 31, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Akkilic N, Liljeblad M, Blaho S, Hölttä M, Höök F, Geschwindner S. Avidity-Based Affinity Enhancement Using Nanoliposome-Amplified SPR Sensing Enables Low Picomolar Detection of Biologically Active Neuregulin 1. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3166-3174. [PMID: 31724395 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers serve as indicators of disease progression or therapeutic response of an medical intervention, and means for enabling a reliable and sensitive biomarker detection are therefore vital in clinical settings. Most biosensor assays require high-affinity interactions in combination with an enzyme or fluorescent tag to enable detection and frequently employ extensive washing procedures prior to signal readout. Attempts to overcome this limitation by using natural biological partners tend to be demanding, because their very low affinity is frequently not compatible with the need of reaching low limits of detection (LODs), especially for circulating biomarkers that possess short half-lives. To address these challenges, we developed a label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platform for the detection of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) using ErbB4-modified liposomes offering both signal amplification and affinity enhancement via functional multivalent interactions. Through the functional avidity interaction between NRG1 and ErbB4, an LOD of 3.5 picomolar was reached, which is about 60-fold higher than traditional SPR and miniaturized immunoassays. The biosensor displays also an 8-fold higher sensitivity when compared with a single-molecule immunoassay employing the natural binding partner rather than a high-affinity antibody as one of the interaction partners. In fact, the liposome-induced avidity between NRG1 and ErbB4 offered an LOD that was comparable to that obtained using a high-affinity antibody and enabled detection of NRG1 in plasma with a LOD of 36 pM. Employing the liposome-enhanced platform in conjunction with a low-affinity biomarker receptor thus enables the assessment of the functional state of the biomarker at competitive LODs and eliminates the need for high-affinity antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fredrik Höök
- Department of Applied Physics, Division of Biological Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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Grayling MJ, Dimairo M, Mander AP, Jaki TF. A Review of Perspectives on the Use of Randomization in Phase II Oncology Trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:1255-1262. [PMID: 31218346 PMCID: PMC6910171 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, phase II oncology trials assessed a treatment's efficacy by examining its tumor response rate in a single-arm trial. Then, approximately 25 years ago, certain statistical and pharmacological considerations ignited a debate around whether randomized designs should be used instead. Here, based on an extensive literature review, we review the arguments on either side of this debate. In particular, we describe the numerous factors that relate to the reliance of single-arm trials on historical control data and detail the trial scenarios in which there was general agreement on preferential utilization of single-arm or randomized design frameworks, such as the use of single-arm designs when investigating treatments for rare cancers. We then summarize the latest figures on phase II oncology trial design, contrasting current design choices against historical recommendations on best practice. Ultimately, we find several ways in which the design of recently completed phase II trials does not appear to align with said recommendations. For example, despite advice to the contrary, only 66.2% of the assessed trials that employed progression-free survival as a primary or coprimary outcome used a randomized comparative design. In addition, we identify that just 28.2% of the considered randomized comparative trials came to a positive conclusion as opposed to 72.7% of the single-arm trials. We conclude by describing a selection of important issues influencing contemporary design, framing this discourse in light of current trends in phase II, such as the increased use of biomarkers and recent interest in novel adaptive designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Grayling
- Correspondence to: Michael J. Grayling, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK (e-mail: )
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Jászai J, Schmidt MHH. Trends and Challenges in Tumor Anti-Angiogenic Therapies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091102. [PMID: 31540455 PMCID: PMC6770676 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive abnormal angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and is a hallmark of solid tumors. This process is driven by an imbalance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors dominated by the tissue hypoxia-triggered overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF-mediated signaling has quickly become one of the most promising anti-angiogenic therapeutic targets in oncology. Nevertheless, the clinical efficacy of this approach is severely limited in certain tumor types or shows only transient efficacy in patients. Acquired or intrinsic therapy resistance associated with anti-VEGF monotherapeutic approaches indicates the necessity of a paradigm change when targeting neoangiogenesis in solid tumors. In this context, the elaboration of the conceptual framework of “vessel normalization” might be a promising approach to increase the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapies and the survival rates of patients. Indeed, the promotion of vessel maturation instead of regressing tumors by vaso-obliteration could result in reduced tumor hypoxia and improved drug delivery. The implementation of such anti-angiogenic strategies, however, faces several pitfalls due to the potential involvement of multiple pro-angiogenic factors and modulatory effects of the innate and adaptive immune system. Thus, effective treatments bypassing relapses associated with anti-VEGF monotherapies or breaking the intrinsic therapy resistance of solid tumors might use combination therapies or agents with a multimodal mode of action. This review enumerates some of the current approaches and possible future directions of treating solid tumors by targeting neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Jászai
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 61920 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Mateo J, Lord CJ, Serra V, Tutt A, Balmaña J, Castroviejo-Bermejo M, Cruz C, Oaknin A, Kaye SB, de Bono JS. A decade of clinical development of PARP inhibitors in perspective. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1437-1447. [PMID: 31218365 PMCID: PMC6771225 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer, and often is the result of altered DNA repair capacities in tumour cells. DNA damage repair defects are common in different cancer types; these alterations can also induce tumour-specific vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. In 2009, a first-in-man clinical trial of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib clinically validated the synthetic lethal interaction between inhibition of PARP1, a key sensor of DNA damage, and BRCA1/BRCA2 deficiency. In this review, we summarize a decade of PARP inhibitor clinical development, a work that has resulted in the registration of several PARP inhibitors in breast (olaparib and talazoparib) and ovarian cancer (olaparib, niraparib and rucaparib, either alone or following platinum chemotherapy as maintenance therapy). Over the past 10 years, our knowledge on the mechanism of action of PARP inhibitor as well as how tumours become resistant has been extended, and we summarise this work here. We also discuss opportunities for expanding the precision medicine approach with PARP inhibitors, identifying a wider population who could benefit from this drug class. This includes developing and validating better predictive biomarkers for patient stratification, mainly based on homologous recombination defects beyond BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, identifying DNA repair deficient tumours in other cancer types such as prostate or pancreatic cancer, or by designing combination therapies with PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mateo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona; Vall d´Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory; The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - V Serra
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona
| | - A Tutt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Cancer Centre, Kings College, London
| | - J Balmaña
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona; Vall d´Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - C Cruz
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona; Vall d´Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Oaknin
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona; Vall d´Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S B Kaye
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J S de Bono
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Slovin S, Hussain S, Saad F, Garcia J, Picus J, Ferraldeschi R, Crespo M, Flohr P, Riisnaes R, Lin C, Keer H, Oganesian A, Workman P, de Bono J. Pharmacodynamic and Clinical Results from a Phase I/II Study of the HSP90 Inhibitor Onalespib in Combination with Abiraterone Acetate in Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4624-4633. [PMID: 31113841 PMCID: PMC9081826 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Onalespib is a potent, fragment-derived second-generation HSP90 inhibitor with preclinical activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CPRC) models. This phase I/II trial evaluated onalespib in combination with abiraterone acetate (AA) and either prednisone or prednisolone (P) in men with CRPC progressing on AA/P. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with progressing CRPC were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 regimens of onalespib combined with AA/P. Onalespib was administered as intravenous infusion starting at 220 mg/m2 once weekly for 3 of 4 weeks (regimen 1); or at 120 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 2 weekly for 3 of 4 weeks (regimen 2). Primary endpoints were response rate and safety. Secondary endpoints included evaluation of androgen receptor (AR) depletion in circulating tumor cells (CTC) and in fresh tumor tissue biopsies. RESULTS Forty-eight patients were treated with onalespib in combination with AA/P. The most common ≥grade 3 toxicities related to onalespib included diarrhea (21%) and fatigue (13%). Diarrhea was dose limiting at 260 and 160 mg/m2 for regimens 1 and 2, respectively. Transient decreases in CTC counts and AR expression in CTC were observed in both regimens. HSP72 was significantly upregulated following onalespib treatment, but only a modest decrease in AR and GR was shown in paired pre- and posttreatment tumor biopsy samples. No patients showed an objective or PSA response. CONCLUSIONS Onalespib in combination with AA/P showed mild evidence of some biological effect; however, this effect did not translate into clinical activity, hence further exploration of this combination was not justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Slovin
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Syed Hussain
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Joel Picus
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Mateus Crespo
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Flohr
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Riisnaes
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chihche Lin
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | - Harold Keer
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | | | - Paul Workman
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Pharmacodynamic Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Cancer: Challenges, Advances, and Future Opportunities. Ther Drug Monit 2019; 41:142-159. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dzobo K, Senthebane DA, Thomford NE, Rowe A, Dandara C, Parker MI. Not Everyone Fits the Mold: Intratumor and Intertumor Heterogeneity and Innovative Cancer Drug Design and Development. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 22:17-34. [PMID: 29356626 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disruptive innovations in medicine are game-changing in nature and bring about radical shifts in the way we understand human diseases, their treatment, and/or prevention. Yet, disruptive innovations in cancer drug design and development are still limited. Therapies that cure all cancer patients are in short supply or do not exist at all. Chief among the causes of this predicament is drug resistance, a mechanism that is much more dynamic than previously understood. Drug resistance has limited the initial success experienced with biomarker-guided targeted therapies as well. A major contributor to drug resistance is intratumor heterogeneity. For example, within solid tumors, there are distinct subclones of cancer cells, presenting profound complexity to cancer treatment. Well-known contributors to intratumor heterogeneity are genomic instability, the microenvironment, cellular genotype, cell plasticity, and stochastic processes. This expert review explains that for oncology drug design and development to be more innovative, we need to take into account intratumor heterogeneity. Initially thought to be the preserve of cancer cells, recent evidence points to the highly heterogeneous nature and diverse locations of stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer-associated macrophages (CAMs). Distinct subpopulations of CAFs and CAMs are now known to be located immediately adjacent and distant from cancer cells, with different subpopulations exerting different effects on cancer cells. Disruptive innovation and precision medicine in clinical oncology do not have to be a distant reality, but can potentially be achieved by targeting these spatially separated and exclusive cancer cell subclones and CAF subtypes. Finally, we emphasize that disruptive innovations in drug discovery and development will likely come from drugs whose effect is not necessarily tumor shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- 1 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town, South Africa .,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- 1 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town, South Africa .,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- 3 Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arielle Rowe
- 1 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- 3 Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- 2 Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
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Ozbey U, Attar R, Romero MA, Alhewairini SS, Afshar B, Sabitaliyevich UY, Hanna-Wakim L, Ozcelik B, Farooqi AA. Apigenin as an effective anticancer natural product: Spotlight on TRAIL, WNT/β-catenin, JAK-STAT pathways, and microRNAs. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1060-1067. [PMID: 30278099 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Wealth of information gleaned from decades of high-impact research work; scientists have disentangled the complicated web of versatile regulators that underlie cancer development and progression. Use of structural biology approaches and functional genomics have helped us to gain new insights into complex nature of cancer, and it is now clear that genetic/epigenetic mutations, overexpression of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressors, loss of apoptosis, and versatility of protein binding partners have contributory roles in carcinogenesis and metastatic spread. It is becoming progressively more understandable that reprogramming of gene expression during and nontranscriptional changes during cancer development and progression are initiated and controlled by deregulated signal transduction cascades, all of which collectively create an incalculable complexity. Data obtained through preclinical and clinical trials revealed that alterations in the targeted oncogenes and other downstream, and parallel pathways played a central role in the development of resistance against different therapeutics. Phytochemicals have regained limelight, and different natural products are currently being tested for efficacy in preclinical studies. Apigenin, a plant-derived flavonoid has considerable pharmacological value and is reportedly involved in the regulation of different signaling cascades. In this review, we have attempted to summarize rapidly evolving understanding of molecular biologists and pharmacologists about the potential of apigenin in the regulation of deregulated signaling pathways in different cancers. We have emphasized on the regulation of WNT/β-catenin and janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways. We also comprehensively discuss how apigenin restored apoptosis in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistant cancers. The review also gives a snapshot of microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate wide-ranging biological processes, and it is now clear that each miRNA can control hundreds of gene targets. Apigenin was noted to upregulate miR-520b and miR-101 in different cancers to inhibit tumor growth. Moreover, apigenin-induced apoptotic rate was significantly higher when used in combination with miR-423-5p inhibitors or miR-138 mimics. Better comprehension of linear and integrated signaling pathways will be helpful in effective therapeutic targeting of deregulated signaling pathways to inhibit/prevent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulku Ozbey
- Department of Genetics, Health High School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mirna Azalea Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Guerrero, México
| | - Saleh S Alhewairini
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Behnaz Afshar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad-e Kavus, Golestan, Iran
| | | | - Lara Hanna-Wakim
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, The Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Beraat Ozcelik
- Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hobbs BP, Barata PC, Kanjanapan Y, Paller CJ, Perlmutter J, Pond GR, Prowell TM, Rubin EH, Seymour LK, Wages NA, Yap TA, Feltquate D, Garrett-Mayer E, Grossman W, Hong DS, Ivy SP, Siu LL, Reeves SA, Rosner GL. Seamless Designs: Current Practice and Considerations for Early-Phase Drug Development in Oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:118-128. [PMID: 30561713 PMCID: PMC6376915 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, drug development has evaluated dose, safety, activity, and comparative benefit in a sequence of phases using trial designs and endpoints specifically devised for each phase. Innovations in drug development seek to consolidate the phases and rapidly expand accrual with "seamless" trial designs. Although consolidation and rapid accrual may yield efficiencies, widespread use of seamless first-in-human (FiH) trials without careful consideration of objectives, statistical analysis plans, or trial oversight raises concerns. A working group formed by the National Cancer Institute convened to consider and discuss opportunities and challenges for such trials as well as encourage responsible use of these designs. We reviewed all abstracts presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meetings from 2010 to 2017 for FiH trials enrolling at least 100 patients. We identified 1786 early-phase trials enrolling 57 559 adult patients. Fifty-one of the trials (2.9%) investigated 50 investigational new drugs, were seamless, and accounted for 14.6% of the total patients. The seamless trials included a median of 3 (range = 1-13) expansion cohorts. The overall risk of clinically significant treatment-related adverse events (grade 3-4) was 49.1% (range = 0.0-100%), and seven studies reported at least one toxic death. Rapid expansion of FiH trials may lead to earlier drug approval and corresponding widespread patient access to active therapeutics. Nevertheless, seamless designs must adhere to established ethical, scientific, and statistical standards. Protocols should include prospectively planned analyses of efficacy in disease- or biomarker-defined cohorts of sufficient rigor to support accelerated approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Hobbs
- Quantitative Health Sciences and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Pedro C Barata
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yada Kanjanapan
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Channing J Paller
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Gregory R Pond
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tatiana M Prowell
- Office of Hematology & Oncology Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
- Breast Cancer Program, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eric H Rubin
- Global Clinical Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Lesley K Seymour
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nolan A Wages
- Division of Translational Research & Applied Statistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David Feltquate
- Early Clinical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | | | - William Grossman
- Cancer Immunotherapy- Global Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA
- Bellicum Inc., Brisbane, CA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Percy Ivy
- National Cancer Institute, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Rockville, MD
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven A Reeves
- National Cancer Institute, Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, Rockville, MD
| | - Gary L Rosner
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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Lin X, Tian D, Fu Y, Li Y, Huang L, Gu W, Song J, Li Y, Ben-David Y, Wen M, Yuan C, Hao X. Synthesis of novel guttiferone E and xanthochymol derivatives with cytotoxicities by inducing cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle phase. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:765-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
The last 100 years have seen a dramatic alteration in the treatment of cancer. Aside from small molecule inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases, monoclonal antibodies have also been found to provide valuable therapeutic approaches for modulating tumour pathophysiology. As our knowledge of cancer biology improves, the specificity of this new generation of drugs is generally delivering an improved therapeutic ratio compared to traditional cytotoxic agents. However, patient selection through the use of biomarkers is key in optimising efficacy and improving cost-effectiveness. The most recent wave of revolutionary new systemic therapy approaches to cancer has arrived in recent years in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors, now clinically validated as modulators of immune-regulatory pathways. The future of oncology therapeutics includes a combination of cytotoxic agents, targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Spicer
- King's Health Partners at Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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44
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Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of tertiary sulfonamide derivatives of pyridyl-indole based heteroaryl chalcone as potential carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors and anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Park JY. Analysis of data on capecitabine-related adverse drug reactions from the Korean adverse event reporting system database. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2018; 34:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Gao W, de Ávila BEF, Zhang L, Wang J. Targeting and isolation of cancer cells using micro/nanomotors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 125:94-101. [PMID: 28893551 PMCID: PMC5844782 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors distinguish themselves with in situ energy conversion capability for autonomous movement, a feature that confers remarkable potential to improve cancer treatment. In this review article, three areas are highlighted where micro/nanomotors have established themselves with unique contributions, including propelled navigation to promote cancer cell targeting, powered cell membrane penetration to enhance intracellular delivery, and steered isolation of circulating tumor cells for detection. Progress made in these areas has offered promising inspiration and opportunities aimed for enhancing the efficiency and precision of drug targeting to cancer cells, improving the capability of delivering anticancer drug into cytoplasm for bioactivity, and enabling more rapid and sensitive cancer cell detection. Herein, we review each area with highlights of the current and forthcoming micro/nanomotor techniques in advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
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Garralda E, Dienstmann R, Tabernero J. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling for Drug Development in Oncology. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:210-215. [PMID: 28561730 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_180460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High drug attrition rates remain a critical issue in oncology drug development. A series of steps during drug development must be addressed to better understand the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of novel agents and, thus, increase their probability of success. As available data continues to expand in both volume and complexity, comprehensive integration of PK and PD information into a robust mathematical model represents a very useful tool throughout all stages of drug development. During the discovery phase, PK/PD models can be used to identify and select the best drug candidates, which helps characterize the mechanism of action and disease behavior of a given drug, to predict clinical response in humans, and to facilitate a better understanding about the potential clinical relevance of preclinical efficacy data. During early drug development, PK/PD modeling can optimize the design of clinical trials, guide the dose and regimen that should be tested further, help evaluate proof of mechanism in humans, anticipate the effect in certain subpopulations, and better predict drug-drug interactions; all of these effects could lead to a more efficient drug development process. Because of certain peculiarities of immunotherapies, such as PK and PD characteristics, PK/PD modeling could be particularly relevant and thus have an important impact on decision making during the development of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garralda
- From the Early Drug Development Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Dienstmann
- From the Early Drug Development Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tabernero
- From the Early Drug Development Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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de Haan R, Pluim D, van Triest B, van den Heuvel M, Peulen H, van Berlo D, George J, Verheij M, Schellens JHM, Vens C. Improved pharmacodynamic (PD) assessment of low dose PARP inhibitor PD activity for radiotherapy and chemotherapy combination trials. Radiother Oncol 2017; 126:443-449. [PMID: 29150161 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PARP inhibitors are currently evaluated in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. As sensitizers, PARP inhibitors are active at very low concentrations therefore requiring highly sensitive pharmacodynamic (PD) assays. Current clinical PD-assays partly fail to provide such sensitivities. The aim of our study was to enable sensitive PD evaluation of PARP inhibitors for clinical sensitizer development. MATERIAL AND METHODS PBMCs of healthy individuals and of olaparib and radiotherapy treated lung cancer patients were collected for ELISA-based PD-assays. RESULTS PAR-signal amplification by ex vivo irradiation enabled an extended quantification range for PARP inhibitory activities after ex vivo treatment with inhibitors. This "radiation-enhanced-PAR" (REP) assay provided accurate IC50 values thereby also revealing differences among healthy individuals. Implemented in clinical radiotherapy combination Phase I trials, the REP-assay showed sensitive detection of PARP inhibition in patients treated with olaparib and establishes strong PARP inhibitory activities at low daily doses. CONCLUSIONS Combination trials of radiotherapy and novel targeted agent(s) often require different and more sensitive PD assessments than in the monotherapy setting. This study shows the benefit and relevance of sensitive and adapted PD-assays for such combination purposes and provides proof of clinically relevant cellular PARP inhibitory activities at low daily olaparib doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie de Haan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Pluim
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Baukelien van Triest
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van den Heuvel
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Peulen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damien van Berlo
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel Verheij
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Parseghian CM, Raghav K, Wolff RA, Ensor J, Yao J, Ellis LM, Tam AL, Overman MJ. Underreporting of Research Biopsies from Clinical Trials in Oncology. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6450-6457. [PMID: 28754815 PMCID: PMC5668146 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Research biopsies are frequently incorporated within clinical trials in oncology and are often a mandatory requirement for trial enrollment. However, limited information is available regarding the extent and completeness of research biopsy reporting.Experimental Design: We identified a cohort of therapeutic clinical trials where research biopsies were performed between January 2005 and October 2010 from an IR database at our institution. Clinical trial protocols were compared with the highest level of corresponding publication as a manuscript or registry report.Results: A total of 866 research biopsies were performed across 46 clinical trials, with a median of 8 patients biopsied/trial and 19 biopsies collected/trial. After a median follow-up time of 4.3 years from trial completion, 36 of 46 trials (78%) reported trial results: published manuscripts (n = 35), or registry report (n = 1). A total of 635 conducted biopsies were reported in 18 of the 46 trials (39%). Six (33%) of these 18 trials underreported the number of biopsies performed. Of 33 trials with mandatory research biopsies, 13 (39%) trials reported on these biopsies. Biopsy complications occurred in 8 trials [n = 39 patients, 6 grade 3/4 adverse events (AE)] but only 1 trial reported these. Factors associated with biopsy reporting included a larger number of biopsies (P ≤ 0.001) and serial biopsies (P < 0.001). Twelve of 16 (75%) trials with >12 biopsies performed reported on these biopsies compared with only 20% (6/30) that performed ≤12 biopsies.Conclusions: Despite ethical obligations to report research biopsies, the majority (61%) of trials do not report results from research biopsies. Complications are rarely reported in these studies. Improved reporting of results and AEs from research biopsies is needed. Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6450-7. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Parseghian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kanwal Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joe Ensor
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute Methodist, Houston, Texas
| | - James Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lee M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alda L Tam
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Yap TA, Rodon J. Development of Molecularly Driven Targeted Combination Strategies. Oncologist 2017; 22:1421-1423. [PMID: 29038233 PMCID: PMC5728037 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies are often inadequate when used in isolation as single agents. Combining diverse targeted therapies could optimally impact patient care by overcoming cancer resistance mechanisms. This commentary highlights such combinatorial strategies, including discussion on a recent trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program) and Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program) and Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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