1
|
Yuan Y, Sun X, Liu M, Li S, Dong Y, Hu K, Zhang J, Xu B, Ma S, Jiang H, Hou P, Lin Y, Gan L, Liu T. Negative correlation between acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 and cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1467-1478. [PMID: 37310146 PMCID: PMC10520478 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of anti-EGFR therapy has revolutionized the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, not all patients respond consistently well. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct further research to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cetuximab resistance in CRC. In this study, we find that the expressions of many metabolism-related genes are downregulated in cetuximab-resistant CRC cells compared to their sensitive counterparts. Specifically, acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2), a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, is downregulated during the development of cetuximab resistance. Silencing of ACAA2 promotes proliferation and increases cetuximab tolerance in CRC cells, while overexpression of ACAA2 exerts the opposite effect. RTK-Kras signaling might contribute to the downregulation of ACAA2 expression in CRC, and ACAA2 predicts CRC prognosis in patients with Kras mutations. Collectively, our data suggest that modulating ACAA2 expression contributes to secondary cetuximab resistance in Kras wild-type CRC patients. ACAA2 expression is related to Kras mutation and demonstrates a prognostic role in CRC patients with Kras mutation. Thus, ACAA2 is a potential target in CRC with Kras mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Yuan
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Suyao Li
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Keshu Hu
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Bei Xu
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Sining Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyZhongshan HospitalShanghai200032China
| | - Hesheng Jiang
- Department of SurgerySouthwest HealthcareSouthern California Medical Education ConsortiumTemecula Valley HospitalTemeculaUSA
| | - Pengcong Hou
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision MedicineShanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200032China
| | - Yufu Lin
- Department of OncologyZhongshan Hospital (Xiamen)Fudan UniversityXiamen361004China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Fudan Zhangjiang InstituteShanghai200032China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Center of Evidence Based MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evolutionary route of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and its clinical significance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:610. [PMID: 36739462 PMCID: PMC9899247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is critical to understand factors associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis. To track the evolutionary route of metastasis, here we perform an integrative genomic analysis of 163 matched blood and primary, regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis tumour samples, combined with single-cell RNA-seq on 11 samples from two patients. The mutation burden, gene mutation frequency, mutation signature, and copy number frequency are similar between metastatic tumours and primary and regional lymph node tumours. There are two distinct evolutionary routes of metastasis, including metastases evolved from regional lymph nodes (lymphatic route, 61.5%, 8/13) and from primary tumours (hematogenous route, 38.5%, 5/13). The hematogenous route is characterised by higher IFN-γ response gene expression and a higher fraction of exhausted CD8+ T cells. Based on a radiomics model, we find that the hematogenous group has significantly better progression-free survival and PD-1 immunotherapy response, while the lymphatic group has a better response to locoregional radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Healy FM, Prior IA, MacEwan DJ. The importance of Ras in drug resistance in cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2844-2867. [PMID: 33634485 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we analyse the impact of oncogenic Ras mutations in mediating cancer drug resistance and the progress made in the abrogation of this resistance, through pharmacological targeting. At a physiological level, Ras is implicated in many cellular proliferation and survival pathways. However, mutations within this small GTPase can be responsible for the initiation of cancer, therapeutic resistance and failure, and ultimately disease relapse. Often termed "undruggable," Ras is notoriously difficult to target directly, due to its structure and intrinsic activity. Thus, Ras-mediated drug resistance remains a considerable pharmacological problem. However, with advances in both analytical techniques and novel drug classes, the therapeutic landscape against Ras is changing. Allele-specific, direct Ras-targeting agents have reached clinical trials for the first time, indicating there may, at last, be hope of targeting such an elusive but significant protein for better more effective cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Healy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian A Prior
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David J MacEwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lannagan TR, Jackstadt R, Leedham SJ, Sansom OJ. Advances in colon cancer research: in vitro and animal models. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 66:50-56. [PMID: 33422950 PMCID: PMC7985292 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modelling human colon cancer has long been the ambition of researchers and oncologists with the aim to better replicate disease progression and treatment response. Advances in our understanding of genetics, stem cell biology, tumour microenvironment and immunology have prepared the groundwork for recent major advances. In the last two years the field has seen the progression of: using patient derived organoids (alone and in co-culture) as predictors of treatment response; molecular stratification of tumours that predict outcome and treatment response; mouse models of metastatic disease; and transplant models that can be used to de-risk clinical trials. We will discuss these advances in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany; Division of Cancer Progression and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lafitte M, Sirvent A, Roche S. Collagen Kinase Receptors as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Metastatic Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:125. [PMID: 32117772 PMCID: PMC7028753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of tumor-related death worldwide. While surgery can cure patients with early stage CRC, the 5-year survival rate is only 10% for patients with metastatic disease. Therefore, new anti-metastatic therapies are needed for this cancer. Metastatic spread defines the dissemination of cancer cells with tumor-initiating capacities from the primary tumor and their colonization of distinct organs, mainly the liver, for secondary tumor formation. Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, components of the tumor microenvironment have gained strong interest. Among the known metastatic-promoting factors, collagens are extracellular matrix components that are deposited within the tumor, the tumor microenvironment, and at metastatic site(s), and are recognized to play essential roles during metastasis development. Here, we review recent findings on the metastatic role of the collagen receptors Discoidin Domain Receptors 1 and 2 (DDR1 and DDR2) in CRC and discuss the therapeutic value of targeting these receptor tyrosine kinases in this cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Serge Roche
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tintelnot J, Metz S, Trentmann M, Oberle A, von Wenserski L, Schultheiß C, Braig F, Kriegs M, Fehse B, Riecken K, Bokemeyer C, Stein A, Binder M. Cancer Cells Expressing Oncogenic Rat Sarcoma Show Drug-Addiction Toward Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibodies Mediated by Sustained MAPK Signaling. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1559. [PMID: 32039027 PMCID: PMC6985072 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies may have detrimental effects in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer expressing oncogenic Rat sarcoma (RAS). Since a significant number of patients acquire RAS-mediated resistance during EGFR-directed treatment, understanding the molecular mechanism underlying these antibody-mediated tumor-promoting effects is of relevance to design more resistance-preventive treatment approaches. To test this, we set up a Ba/F3 cellular model system transformed to EGFR/RAS dependency to be able to study proliferation, RAS activity as well as MAPK signaling upon inhibition of wild-type RAS isoforms by therapeutic EGFR antibodies. Here, we show that the EGFR antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab induce paradoxical stimulation and enhance proliferation in cells expressing oncogenic RAS (KRAS G12V). These experiments clearly showed that the stimulatory effect is a direct result of the antibody-EGFR interaction leading to prolonged mitogen-activated protein-Kinase (MAPK) signaling. The effect was also induced by antibody-chemotherapy combinations but always depended on simultaneous low-level ligand-dependent EGFR pathway activation. Moreover, we observed significant growth retardation of RAS mutant cells after antibody withdrawal compatible with a drug-addiction phenotype. Our data suggests that EGFR antibodies paradoxically sustain MAPK signaling downstream of oncogenic RAS thereby driving proliferation of RAS mutant tumors or tumor subclones. The observed drug-addiction encourages fixed-duration or liquid-biopsy-guided drug holiday concepts to preventively clear RAS mutant subclones selected under EGFR-directed therapeutic pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tintelnot
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT With Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sina Metz
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT With Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Trentmann
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT With Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Oberle
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT With Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa von Wenserski
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Friederike Braig
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT With Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Radiation Biology and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT With Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Stein
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT With Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT With Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lafitte M, Lecointre C, Roche S. Roles of exosomes in metastatic colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C869-C880. [PMID: 31291143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00218.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastases remain a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. This is a multistep process that involves aberrant cell communication, leading to tumor cell dissemination from the primary tumor and colonization of distinct organs for secondary tumor formation. The mechanisms promoting this pathological process are not fully understood, although they may be of obvious therapeutic interest. Exosomes are small cell-secreted vesicles that contain a large variety of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids with important signaling activities, and that represent an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for cell-to-cell communication. Not surprisingly, exosome activities have gained strong interest in cancer biology and might play essential roles in metastasis development. Here, we will describe recent findings on the role of exosomes in cancer metastasis formation, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). We will also discuss the potential therapeutic value of these vesicles in metastatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lafitte
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Lecointre
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Roche
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mevizou R, Sirvent A, Roche S. Control of Tyrosine Kinase Signalling by Small Adaptors in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050669. [PMID: 31091767 PMCID: PMC6562749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases (TKs) phosphorylate proteins on tyrosine residues as an intracellular signalling mechanism to coordinate intestinal epithelial cell communication and fate decision. Deregulation of their activity is ultimately connected with carcinogenesis. In colorectal cancer (CRC), it is still unclear how aberrant TK activities contribute to tumour formation because TK-encoding genes are not frequently mutated in this cancer. In vertebrates, several TKs are under the control of small adaptor proteins with potential important physiopathological roles. For instance, they can exert tumour suppressor functions in human cancer by targeting several components of the oncogenic TK signalling cascades. Here, we review how the Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) and the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) adaptor proteins regulate the SRC and the Janus kinase (JAK) oncogenic pathways, respectively, and how their loss of function in the intestinal epithelium may influence tumour formation. We also discuss the potential therapeutic value of these adaptors in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Mevizou
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", F-34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Audrey Sirvent
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", F-34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Serge Roche
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", F-34000 Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Braig F, Voigtlaender M, Schieferdecker A, Busch CJ, Laban S, Grob T, Kriegs M, Knecht R, Bokemeyer C, Binder M. Liquid biopsy monitoring uncovers acquired RAS-mediated resistance to cetuximab in a substantial proportion of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42988-42995. [PMID: 27119512 PMCID: PMC5190002 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy is insufficiently understood in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), entailing the lack of predictive biomarkers. Here, we studied resistance-mediating EGFR ectodomain and activating RAS mutations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cell lines and tumor tissue of cetuximab-naïve patients (46 cases, 12 cell lines), as well as liquid biopsies taken during and after cetuximab/platinum/5-fluorouracil treatment (20 cases). Tumors of cetuximab-naïve patients were unmutated, except for HRAS mutations in 4.3% of patients. Liquid biopsies revealed acquired KRAS, NRAS or HRAS mutations in more than one third of patients after cetuximab exposure. 46% of patients with on-treatment disease progression showed acquired RAS mutations, while no RAS mutations were found in the non-progressive subset of patients, indicating that acquisition of RAS mutant clones correlated significantly with clinical resistance (Chi square p=0.032). The emergence of mutations preceded clinical progression in half of the patients, with a maximum time from mutation detection to clinical progression of 16 weeks. RAS mutations account for acquired resistance to EGFR-targeting in a substantial proportion of HNSCC patients, even though these tumors are rarely mutated at baseline. Liquid biopsies may be used for mutational monitoring to guide treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Braig
- Department of Oncology and Hematology with Sections Bone Marrow Transplant and Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum / University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Minna Voigtlaender
- Department of Oncology and Hematology with Sections Bone Marrow Transplant and Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum / University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aneta Schieferdecker
- Department of Oncology and Hematology with Sections Bone Marrow Transplant and Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum / University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chia-Jung Busch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer Center of The University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer Center of The University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Grob
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Head and Neck Cancer Center of The University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainald Knecht
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer Center of The University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology with Sections Bone Marrow Transplant and Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum / University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology with Sections Bone Marrow Transplant and Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum / University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Braig F, Kriegs M, Voigtlaender M, Habel B, Grob T, Biskup K, Blanchard V, Sack M, Thalhammer A, Ben Batalla I, Braren I, Laban S, Danielczyk A, Goletz S, Jakubowicz E, Märkl B, Trepel M, Knecht R, Riecken K, Fehse B, Loges S, Bokemeyer C, Binder M. Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer Is Mediated by EGFR-K 521 Polymorphism. Cancer Res 2016; 77:1188-1199. [PMID: 28031227 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. Patients expressing the K-allele showed significantly shorter progression-free survival upon palliative treatment with cetuximab plus chemotherapy or radiation. In several EGFR-mediated cancer models, cetuximab failed to inhibit downstream signaling or to kill cells harboring a high K-allele frequency. Cetuximab affinity for EGFR-K521 was reduced slightly, but ligand-mediated EGFR activation was intact. We found a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy. CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. Further, they offer a preclinical rationale for the use of ADCC-optimized antibodies to treat tumors harboring this EGFR isoform. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1188-99. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Braig
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Radiation Biology and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Minna Voigtlaender
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beate Habel
- Bioassays and Nonclinical Studies, GLYCOTOPE GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Grob
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karina Biskup
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronique Blanchard
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Sack
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Thalhammer
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Isabel Ben Batalla
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- HEXT Vector Facility/Institute for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Antje Danielczyk
- Bioassays and Nonclinical Studies, GLYCOTOPE GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Bioassays and Nonclinical Studies, GLYCOTOPE GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Märkl
- Pathological Institute, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Rainald Knecht
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The cost of molecular-guided therapy in oncology: a prospective cost study alongside the MOSCATO trial. Genet Med 2016; 19:683-690. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
12
|
Puerta-García E, Cañadas-Garre M, Calleja-Hernández MÁ. Molecular biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1189-222. [PMID: 26237292 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a tumor with increasing incidence which represents one of the first leading causes of death worldwide. Gene alterations described for colorectal cancer include genome instability (microsatellite and chromosomal instability), CpG islands methylator phenotype, microRNA, histone modification, protein biomarkers, gene mutations (RAS, BRAF, PI3K, TP53, PTEN) and polymorphisms (APC, CTNNB1, DCC). In this article, biomarkers with prognostic value commonly found in colorectal cancer will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Puerta-García
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kriegsmann M, Arens N, Endris V, Weichert W, Kriegsmann J. Detection of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF by mass spectrometry - a sensitive, reliable, fast and cost-effective technique. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:132. [PMID: 26220423 PMCID: PMC4518505 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to current clinical guidelines mutational analysis for KRAS and NRAS is recommended prior to EGFR-directed therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the metastatic setting. Therefore, reliable, fast, sensitive and cost-effective methods for routine tissue based molecular diagnostics are required that allow the assessment of the CRC mutational status in a high throughput fashion. METHODS We have developed a custom designed assay for routine mass-spectrometric (MS) (MassARRAY, Agena Bioscience) analysis to test the presence/absence of 18 KRAS, 14 NRAS and 4 BRAF mutations. We have applied this assay to 93 samples from patients with CRC and have compared the results with Sanger sequencing and a chip hybridization assay (KRAS LCD-array Kit, Chipron). In cases with discordant results, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed. RESULTS MS detected a KRAS mutation in 46/93 (49%), a NRAS mutation in 2/93 (2%) and a BRAF mutation in 1/93 (1%) of the cases. MS results were in agreement with results obtained by combination of the two other methods in 92 (99%) of 93 cases. In 1/93 (1%) of the cases a G12V mutation has been detected by Sanger sequencing and MS, but not by the chip assay. In this case, NGS has confirmed the G12V mutation in KRAS. CONCLUSIONS Mutational analysis by MS is a reliable method for routine diagnostic use, which can be easily extended for testing of additional mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, INF 224, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Volker Endris
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, INF 224, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, INF 224, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jörg Kriegsmann
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Trier, Germany.
- MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics, Trier, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Randhawa H, Kibble K, Zeng H, Moyer MP, Reindl KM. Activation of ERK signaling and induction of colon cancer cell death by piperlongumine. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1626-33. [PMID: 23603476 PMCID: PMC3749270 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PPLGM) is a bioactive compound isolated from long peppers that shows selective toxicity towards a variety of cancer cell types including colon cancer. The signaling pathways that lead to cancer cell death in response to PPLGM exposure have not been previously identified. Our objective was to identify the intracellular signaling mechanisms by which PPLGM leads to enhanced colon cancer cell death. We found that PPLGM inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells in time- and concentration-dependent manners, but was not toxic toward normal colon mucosal cells at concentrations below 10 μM. Acute (0-60 min) and prolonged (24h) exposure of HT-29 cells to PPLGM resulted in phosphorylation of ERK. To investigate whether ERK signaling was involved in PPLGM-mediated cell death, we treated HT-29 cells with the MEK inhibitor U0126, prior to treating with PPLGM. We found that U0126 attenuated PPLGM-induced activation of ERK and partially protected against PPLGM-induced cell death. These results suggest that PPLGM works, at least in part, through the MEK/ERK pathway to result in colon cancer cell death. A more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which PPLGM induces colon cancer cell death will be useful in developing therapeutic strategies to treat colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Randhawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 51808-6050, USA
| | - K Kibble
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 51808-6050, USA
| | - H Zeng
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58203
| | - MP Moyer
- INCELL Corporation, San Antonio, Texas, 78249
| | - KM Reindl
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 51808-6050, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Derbel O, Wang Q, Desseigne F, Rivoire M, Meeus P, Peyrat P, Stella M, Martel-Lafay I, Lemaistre AI, de La Fouchardière C. Impact of KRAS, BRAF and PI3KCA mutations in rectal carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and surgery. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:200. [PMID: 23617638 PMCID: PMC3640970 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer usually combines neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and surgery. Until recently, there have been limited predictive factors (clinical or biological) for rectal tumor response to conventional treatment. KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations are commonly found in colon cancers. In this study, we aimed to determine the mutation frequencies of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA and to establish whether such mutations may be used as prognostic and/or predictive factors in rectal cancer patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and biological data of 98 consecutive operated patients between May 2006 and September 2009. We focused in patients who received surgery in our center after radiochemotherapy and in which tumor samples were available. RESULTS In the 98 patients with a rectal cancer, the median follow-up time was 28.3 months (4-74). Eight out of ninety-eight patients experienced a local recurrence (8%) and 17/98 developed distant metastasis (17%). KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA were identified respectively in 23 (23.5%), 2 (2%) and 4 (4%) patients. As described in previous studies, mutations in KRAS and BRAF were mutually exclusive. No patient with local recurrence exhibited KRAS or PIK3CA mutation and one harbored BRAF mutation (12.5%). Of the seventeen patients with distant metastasis (17%), 5 were presenting KRAS mutation (29%), one BRAF (5%) and one PIK3CA mutation (5%). No relationship was seen between PIK3CA, KRAS or BRAF mutation and local or distant recurrences. CONCLUSION The frequencies of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in our study were lower than the average frequencies reported in colorectal cancers and no significant correlation was found between local/distant recurrences and KRAS, BRAF or PIK3CA mutations. Future studies with greater number of patients, longer follow-up time and greater power to predict associations are necessary to fully understand this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Derbel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adams MD, Veigl ML, Wang Z, Molyneux N, Sun S, Guda K, Yu X, Markowitz SD, Willis J. Global mutational profiling of formalin-fixed human colon cancers from a pathology archive. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:1599-608. [PMID: 22878650 PMCID: PMC3697090 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The advent of Next-Generation sequencing technologies, which significantly increases the throughput and reduces the cost of large-scale sequencing efforts, provides an unprecedented opportunity for discovery of novel gene mutations in human cancers. However, it remains a challenge to apply Next-Generation technologies to DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cancer specimens. We describe here the successful development of a custom DNA capture method using Next-Generation for detection of 140 driver genes in five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human colon cancer samples using an improved extraction process to produce high-quality DNA. Isolated DNA was enriched for targeted exons and sequenced using the Illumina Next-Generation platform. An analytical pipeline using 3 software platforms to define single-nucleotide variants was used to evaluate the data output. Approximately 250 × average coverage was obtained with >96% of target bases having at least 30 sequence reads. Results were then compared with previously performed high-throughput Sanger sequencing. Using an algorithm of needing a positive call from all three callers to give a positive result, 98% of the verified Sanger sequencing somatic driver gene mutations were identified by our method with a specificity of 90%. In all, 13 insertions and deletions identified by Next-Generation were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. We also applied this technology to two components of a biphasic colon cancer, which had strikingly differing histology. Remarkably, no new driver gene mutation accumulation was identified in the more undifferentiated component. Applying this method to profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colon cancer tissue samples yields equivalent sensitivity and specificity for mutation detection as Sanger sequencing of matched cell lines derived from these cancers. This method directly enables high-throughput comprehensive mutational profiling of colon cancer samples, and is easily extendable to enable targeted sequencing from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material for other tumor types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina L. Veigl
- Division of General Medical Sciences–Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Neil Molyneux
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kishore Guda
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanford D. Markowitz
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph Willis
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lim LS, Hu M, Huang MC, Cheong WC, Gan ATL, Looi XL, Leong SM, Koay ESC, Li MH. Microsieve lab-chip device for rapid enumeration and fluorescence in situ hybridization of circulating tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4388-96. [PMID: 22930096 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc20750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a lab-chip device for highly efficient and rapid detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from whole blood samples. The device utilizes a microfabricated silicon microsieve with a densely packed pore array (10(5) pores per device) to rapidly separate tumor cells from whole blood, utilizing the size and deformability differences between the CTCs and normal blood cells. The whole process, including tumor cell capture, antibody staining, removal of unwanted contaminants and immunofluorescence imaging, was performed directly on the microsieve within an integrated microfluidic unit, interconnected to a peristaltic pump for fluid regulation and a fluorescence microscope for cell counting. The latter was equipped with a dedicated digital image processing program which was developed to automatically categorize the captured cells based on the immunofluorescence images. A high recovery rate of >80% was achieved with defined numbers of MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells spiked into human whole blood and filtered at a rapid flow rate of 1 mL min(-1). The device was further validated with blood drawn from various cancer patients (8 samples). The whole process, from sample input to result, was completed in 1.5 h. In addition, we have also successfully demonstrated on-microsieve fluorescence in situ hybridization for single cell molecular analysis. This simple method has great potential to supplant existing complex CTC detection schemes for cancer metastasis analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi Lim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore138669
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Novel drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream pathways in the treatment of colorectal cancer: a systematic review. CHEMOTHERAPY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2012; 2012:387172. [PMID: 23097702 PMCID: PMC3477664 DOI: 10.1155/2012/387172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy among men and women in the United States, and the 5-year survival rate remains poor despite recent advances in chemotherapy and targeted agents. The mainstay of therapy for advanced disease remains the cytotoxic chemotherapy including 5-FU, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin. The USFDA approval and introduction of targeted therapies, including cetuximab and panitumumab (monoclonal antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) and bevacizumab (monoclonal antibody targeting the vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)), has improved the median survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to around 24 months. Clearly, better and more efficacious drugs are needed, and target-specific agents remain the future of cancer treatment. On this front, rapid advances are being made, which are likely to change the future of the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, absence of specific biomarkers for the use of targeted agents, in the subset of population who will benefit from the treatment, remains a major drawback. In this paper, we review agents that are in phases 1 and 2 clinical development, specifically targeting the EGFR and its subsequent downstream pathways.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sood A, McClain D, Maitra R, Basu-Mallick A, Seetharam R, Kaubisch A, Rajdev L, Mariadason JM, Tanaka K, Goel S. PTEN gene expression and mutations in the PIK3CA gene as predictors of clinical benefit to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody therapy in patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2012; 11:143-50. [PMID: 22285706 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify novel genetic markers predictive of clinical benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor-directed antibody therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-six consecutive patients who received cetuximab or panitumumab, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy and with available tumor tissue were included. Tumor tissue was tested by pyrosequencing for mutations at known hot spots in the KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, AKT1, and PTEN genes. PTEN promoter methylation status was analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, and expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Forty-four patients had 4 weeks of therapy and were considered for clinical correlates. RESULTS Consistent with previous studies, KRAS gene mutations were associated with a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Among the patients with wild-type KRAS, preservation of PTEN expression and PIK3CA wild-type status was associated with improved OS (median OS, 80.4 vs. 32.5 weeks; hazard ratio, 0.33; P = .0008) and a trend toward improved PFS (median PFS, 24.8 vs. 15.2 weeks; hazard ratio, 0.51; P = .06), compared with PTEN-negative or PIK3CA-mutant tumors. PTEN methylation was more common in the metastatic samples than in the primary samples (P = .02). The simultaneous presence of methylation and mutation in the PTEN gene was associated with IHC negativity (P = .026). CONCLUSION In addition to KRAS mutation, loss of PTEN expression (by IHC) and PIK3CA mutation is likely to be predictive of a lack of benefit to anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. PTEN promoter methylation and mutation status was predictive of PTEN expression and may be used as an alternative means of predicting response to EGFR-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sood
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kasaian K, Jones SJ. A new frontier in personalized cancer therapy: mapping molecular changes. Future Oncol 2011; 7:873-94. [PMID: 21732758 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genome of a normal cell can affect the function of its many genes and pathways. These alterations could eventually transform the cell from a normal to a malignant state by allowing an uncontrolled proliferation of the cell and formation of a cancer tumor. Each tumor in an individual patient can have hundreds of mutated genes and perturbed pathways. Cancers clinically presenting as the same type or subtype could potentially be very different at the molecular level and thus behave differently in response to therapy. The challenge is to distinguish the key mutations driving the cancer from the background of mutational noise and find ways to effectively target them. The promise is that such a molecular approach to classifying cancer will lead to better diagnostic, prognostic and personalized treatment strategies. This article provides an overview of advances in the molecular characterization of cancers and their applications in therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Kasaian
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Garcia-Aguilar J, Chen Z, Smith DD, Li W, Madoff RD, Cataldo P, Marcet J, Pastor C. Identification of a biomarker profile associated with resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in rectal cancer. Ann Surg 2011; 254:486-92; discussion 492-3. [PMID: 21865946 PMCID: PMC3202983 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e31822b8cfa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a biomarker profile associated with tumor response to chemoradiation (CRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer. BACKGROUND Rectal cancer response to neoadjuvant CRT is variable. Whereas some patients have a minimal response, others achieve a pathologic complete response (pCR) and have no viable cancer cells in their surgical specimens. Identifying biomarkers of response will help select patients more likely to benefit from CRT. METHODS This study includes 132 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery. Tumor DNA from pretreatment tumor biopsies and control DNA from paired normal surgical specimens was screened for mutations and polymorphisms in 23 genes. Genetic biomarkers were correlated with tumor response to CRT (pCR vs non-pCR), and the association of single or combined biomarkers with tumor response was determined. RESULTS Thirty-three of 132 (25%) patients achieved a pCR and 99 (75%) patients had non-pCR. Three individual markers were associated with non-pCR; v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutation (P = 0.0145), cyclin D1 G870A (AA) polymorphism (P = 0.0138), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) C677T (TT) polymorphism (P = 0.0120). Analysis of biomarker combinations revealed that none of the 27 patients with both tumor protein p53 (p53) and v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutations had a pCR. Further, in patients with both p53 and v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutations or the cyclin D1 G870A (AA) polymorphism or the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) C677T (TT) polymorphism (n = 52) the association with non-pCR was further strengthened; 51 of 52 (98%) of patients were non-pCR. These biomarker combinations had a validity of more than 70% and a positive predictive value of 97% to 100%, predicting that patients harboring these mutation/polymorphism profiles will not achieve a pCR. CONCLUSIONS A specific biomarker profile is strongly associated with non-pCR to CRT and could be used to select optimal oncologic therapy in rectal cancer patients. ClinicalTrials.org Identifier: NCT00335816.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pekin D, Skhiri Y, Baret JC, Le Corre D, Mazutis L, Salem CB, Millot F, El Harrak A, Hutchison JB, Larson JW, Link DR, Laurent-Puig P, Griffiths AD, Taly V. Quantitative and sensitive detection of rare mutations using droplet-based microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2156-66. [PMID: 21594292 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations within tumoral DNA can be used as highly specific biomarkers to distinguish cancer cells from their normal counterparts. These DNA biomarkers are potentially useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and follow-up of patients. In order to have the required sensitivity and specificity to detect rare tumoral DNA in stool, blood, lymph and other patient samples, a simple, sensitive and quantitative procedure to measure the ratio of mutant to wild-type genes is required. However, techniques such as dual probe TaqMan(®) assays and pyrosequencing, while quantitative, cannot detect less than ∼1% mutant genes in a background of non-mutated DNA from normal cells. Here we describe a procedure allowing the highly sensitive detection of mutated DNA in a quantitative manner within complex mixtures of DNA. The method is based on using a droplet-based microfluidic system to perform digital PCR in millions of picolitre droplets. Genomic DNA (gDNA) is compartmentalized in droplets at a concentration of less than one genome equivalent per droplet together with two TaqMan(®) probes, one specific for the mutant and the other for the wild-type DNA, which generate green and red fluorescent signals, respectively. After thermocycling, the ratio of mutant to wild-type genes is determined by counting the ratio of green to red droplets. We demonstrate the accurate and sensitive quantification of mutated KRAS oncogene in gDNA. The technique enabled the determination of mutant allelic specific imbalance (MASI) in several cancer cell-lines and the precise quantification of a mutated KRAS gene in the presence of a 200,000-fold excess of unmutated KRAS genes. The sensitivity is only limited by the number of droplets analyzed. Furthermore, by one-to-one fusion of drops containing gDNA with any one of seven different types of droplets, each containing a TaqMan(®) probe specific for a different KRAS mutation, or wild-type KRAS, and an optical code, it was possible to screen the six common mutations in KRAS codon 12 in parallel in a single experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Pekin
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Becquemont L, Alfirevic A, Amstutz U, Brauch H, Jacqz-Aigrain E, Laurent-Puig P, Molina MA, Niemi M, Schwab M, Somogyi AA, Thervet E, Maitland-van der Zee AH, van Kuilenburg AB, van Schaik RH, Verstuyft C, Wadelius M, Daly AK. Practical recommendations for pharmacogenomics-based prescription: 2010 ESF-UB Conference on Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:113-24. [PMID: 21174626 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article summarizes the discussions of the 3rd European Science Foundation-University of Barcelona (ESF-UB) Conference in Biomedicine on Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, which was held in June 2010 in Spain. It was focused on practical applications in routine medical practice. We provide practical recommendations for ten different clinical situations, that have either been approved or not approved by regulatory agencies. We propose some comments that might accompany the results of these tests, indicating the best drug and doses to be prescribed. The discussed examples include KRAS, cetuximab, panitumumab, EGFR-gefitinib, CYP2D6-tamoxifen, TPMT-azathioprine-6-mercaptopurine, VKORC1/CYP2C9-warfarin, CYP2C19-clopidogrel, HLA-B*5701-abacavir, HLA-B*5701-flucloxacillin, SLCO1B1-statins and CYP3A5-tacrolimus. We hope that these practical recommendations will help physicians, biologists, scientists and other healthcare professionals to prescribe, perform and interpret these genetic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Becquemont
- Univ Paris-Sud, Faculty of Medicine Paris-Sud, Pharmacology Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bai JPF, Bell R, Buckman S, Burckart GJ, Eichler HG, Fang KC, Goodsaid FM, Jusko WJ, Lesko LL, Meibohm B, Patterson SD, Puig O, Smerage JB, Snider BJ, Wagner JA, Wang J, Walton MK, Weiner R. Translational biomarkers: from preclinical to clinical a report of 2009 AAPS/ACCP Biomarker Workshop. AAPS JOURNAL 2011; 13:274-83. [PMID: 21448748 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-011-9265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There have been some successes in qualifying biomarkers and applying them to drug development and clinical treatment of various diseases. A recent success is illustrated by a collaborative effort among the US Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicines Agency, and the pharmaceutical industry to provide a set of seven preclinical kidney toxicity biomarkers for drug development. Other successes include, but are not limited to, clinical biomarkers for cancer treatment and clinical management of heart transplant patients. The value of fully qualified surrogate endpoints in facilitating successful drug development is undisputed, especially for diseases in which the traditional clinical outcome can only be assessed in large, multi-year trials. Emerging biomarkers, including chemical genomic or imaging biomarkers, and measurement of circulating tumor cells hold great promise for early diagnosis of disease and as prognostic tests for managing treatment of chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis, Alzheimer disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. To advance the success of treating and managing these diseases, efforts are needed to establish the temporal relationship between changes in inflammatory or imaging biomarkers with the progression of the chronic disease, and in the case of cancer, between the extent of circulating cancer cells and tumor progression or remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane P F Bai
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Power DG, Gloglowski E, Lipkin SM. Clinical genetics of hereditary colorectal cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011; 24:837-59. [PMID: 20816577 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common disease, and approximately 25% of patients have a familial component. High-penetrance singlegene germline mutations conferring a true hereditary susceptibility account for around 5% to 6% of all cases. Lynch syndrome is the most common hereditary form of colorectal cancer. Much of the hereditary component in the remaining familial cases of CRC is likely polygenic, and many of the genetic changes involved are as yet unidentified. This article addresses the most clinically important CRC genetic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek G Power
- Clinical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lackner MR. Prospects for personalized medicine with inhibitors targeting the RAS and PI3K pathways. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2010; 10:75-87. [PMID: 20014924 DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor genetic analyses have revealed that the signaling pathways regulated by PI3K and RAS are of fundamental importance in a wide variety of human neoplasms, leading to intensive efforts to develop therapeutics that block signaling through these two key pathways. Both pathways frequently undergo a variety of activating alterations, including oncogenic mutations, amplification events and loss of tumor-suppressor genes that are thought to confer aggressive growth properties and enhance survival on neoplastic cells. An attractive hypothesis is that these alterations provide an indication that a particular tumor is addicted to signaling through the affected pathway, thus may provide ideal candidate predictive biomarkers to target these inhibitors to appropriate patient populations. This review highlights recent preclinical progress made on understanding the predictive value of key pathway alterations in response to targeted therapeutics directed against PI3K, AKT, mTOR, BRAF and MEK, and the prospects for biomarker-driven clinical strategies for such inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Lackner
- Development Oncology Diagnostics Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|