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Zheng J, Li X, Masci AM, Kahn H, Huffman A, Asfaw E, Pan Y, Guo J, He V, Song J, Seleznev AI, Lin AY, He Y. Empowering standardization of cancer vaccines through ontology: enhanced modeling and data analysis. J Biomed Semantics 2024; 15:12. [PMID: 38890666 PMCID: PMC11186274 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-024-00312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exploration of cancer vaccines has yielded a multitude of studies, resulting in a diverse collection of information. The heterogeneity of cancer vaccine data significantly impedes effective integration and analysis. While CanVaxKB serves as a pioneering database for over 670 manually annotated cancer vaccines, it is important to distinguish that a database, on its own, does not offer the structured relationships and standardized definitions found in an ontology. Recognizing this, we expanded the Vaccine Ontology (VO) to include those cancer vaccines present in CanVaxKB that were not initially covered, enhancing VO's capacity to systematically define and interrelate cancer vaccines. RESULTS An ontology design pattern (ODP) was first developed and applied to semantically represent various cancer vaccines, capturing their associated entities and relations. By applying the ODP, we generated a cancer vaccine template in a tabular format and converted it into the RDF/OWL format for generation of cancer vaccine terms in the VO. '12MP vaccine' was used as an example of cancer vaccines to demonstrate the application of the ODP. VO also reuses reference ontology terms to represent entities such as cancer diseases and vaccine hosts. Description Logic (DL) and SPARQL query scripts were developed and used to query for cancer vaccines based on different vaccine's features and to demonstrate the versatility of the VO representation. Additionally, ontological modeling was applied to illustrate cancer vaccine related concepts and studies for in-depth cancer vaccine analysis. A cancer vaccine-specific VO view, referred to as "CVO," was generated, and it contains 928 classes including 704 cancer vaccines. The CVO OWL file is publicly available on: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/vo/cvo.owl , for sharing and applications. CONCLUSION To facilitate the standardization, integration, and analysis of cancer vaccine data, we expanded the Vaccine Ontology (VO) to systematically model and represent cancer vaccines. We also developed a pipeline to automate the inclusion of cancer vaccines and associated terms in the VO. This not only enriches the data's standardization and integration, but also leverages ontological modeling to deepen the analysis of cancer vaccine information, maximizing benefits for researchers and clinicians. AVAILABILITY The VO-cancer GitHub website is: https://github.com/vaccineontology/VO/tree/master/CVO .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xingxian Li
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anna Maria Masci
- Data Impact and Governance, Technology Data and Innovation, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hayleigh Kahn
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anthony Huffman
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eliyas Asfaw
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuanyi Pan
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jinjing Guo
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Virginia He
- The College of Brown University, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Justin Song
- College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrey I Seleznev
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Asiyah Yu Lin
- Axle Research and Technology, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Yongqun He
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Niu HQ, Zheng BY, Zou MX, Zhang TL, Zheng BW. Comment on: Meta-analysis of 5-day preoperative radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma (5D-PREORTS). Radiother Oncol 2024; 195:110254. [PMID: 38527627 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qing Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China
| | - Bo-Yv Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Tao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China.
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Cury FL, Viani GA, Gouveia AG, Moraes FY. In reply to Niu et al: Meta-analysis of 5-day preoperative radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma (5D-PREORTS). Radiother Oncol 2024; 195:110255. [PMID: 38522598 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L Cury
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Gustavo A Viani
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Medical Imagings, Hematology and Oncology of University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andre G Gouveia
- Department of Oncology - Division of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fabio Y Moraes
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Xu J, Gao H, Guan X, Meng J, Ding S, Long Q, Yi W. Circulating tumor DNA: from discovery to clinical application in breast cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355887. [PMID: 38745646 PMCID: PMC11091288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) stands out as the cancer with the highest incidence of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, and its incidence rate is currently trending upwards. Improving the efficiency of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment is crucial, as it can effectively reduce the disease burden. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) originates from the release of tumor cells and plays a pivotal role in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of breast cancer. In recent years, the widespread application of high-throughput analytical technology has made ctDNA a promising biomarker for early cancer detection, monitoring minimal residual disease, early recurrence monitoring, and predicting treatment outcomes. ctDNA-based approaches can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of traditional screening and monitoring methods, which fail to provide real-time information and prospective guidance for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the applications of ctDNA in various aspects of breast cancer, including screening, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and follow-up. It highlights the current research status in this field and emphasizes the potential for future large-scale clinical applications of ctDNA-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shirong Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Tang S, Li X, Guo D, Zhuo F. Positive outcomes with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the management of colovesical fistula in cancer: a case report and literature review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1284316. [PMID: 38298269 PMCID: PMC10828894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1284316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Colovesical fistula (CVF) is usually developed from colonic diverticulitis, followed by tumor. Traditional surgery is usually completed in one or more stages. For complex cancerous CVF, radical resection is more difficult. We report a 62-year-old male patient diagnosed with sigmoid colon cancer combined with sigmoid vesical fistula. In the course of treatment, in addition to conventional surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was innovatively used. The sigmoid tumor and fistula were significantly shrunken. Radical surgery achieved negative margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjun Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Guangzhou Royallee Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Donghua Guo
- Medical Imaging Unit, Guangzhou Royallee Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kalvapudi S, Vedire Y, Yendamuri S, Barbi J. Neoadjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer: basis, promise, and challenges. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1286104. [PMID: 38144524 PMCID: PMC10739417 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1286104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Survival rates for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain poor despite the decade-long established standard of surgical resection and systemic adjuvant therapy. Realizing this, researchers are exploring novel therapeutic targets and deploying neoadjuvant therapies to predict and improve clinical and pathological outcomes in lung cancer patients. Neoadjuvant therapy is also increasingly being used to downstage disease to allow for resection with a curative intent. In this review, we aim to summarize the current and developing landscape of using neoadjuvant therapy in the management of NSCLC. Methods The PubMed.gov and the ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched on 15 January 2023, to identify published research studies and trials relevant to this review. One hundred and seven published articles and seventeen ongoing clinical trials were selected, and relevant findings and information was reviewed. Results & Discussion Neoadjuvant therapy, proven through clinical trials and meta-analyses, exhibits safety and efficacy comparable to or sometimes surpassing adjuvant therapy. By attacking micro-metastases early and reducing tumor burden, it allows for effective downstaging of disease, allowing for curative surgical resection attempts. Research into neoadjuvant therapy has necessitated the development of surrogate endpoints such as major pathologic response (MPR) and pathologic complete response (pCR) allowing for shorter duration clinical trials. Novel chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy agents are being tested at a furious rate, paving the way for a future of personalized systemic therapy in NSCLC. However, challenges remain that prevent further mainstream adoption of preoperative (Neoadjuvant) therapy. These include the risk of delaying curative surgical resection in scenarios of adverse events or treatment resistance. Also, the predictive value of surrogate markers of disease cure still needs robust verification. Finally, the body of published data is still limited compared to adjuvant therapy. Addressing these concerns with more large scale randomized controlled trials is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Kalvapudi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yeshwanth Vedire
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joseph Barbi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Tiainen S, Nurmela V, Selander T, Turunen P, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Kettunen T, Kuittinen O, Auvinen P, Rönkä A. A practical prognostic peripheral blood-based risk model for the evaluation of the likelihood of a response and survival of metastatic cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1186. [PMID: 38049762 PMCID: PMC10694914 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less than half of unselected metastatic cancer patients benefit from the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Systemic cancer-related inflammation may influence the efficacy of ICIs and thus, systemic inflammatory markers could have prognostic and/or predictive potential in ICI therapy. Here, we aimed to identify a combination of inflammation-related laboratory parameters to establish a practical prognostic risk model for the pretreatment evaluation of a response and survival of ICI-treated patients with different types of metastatic cancers. METHODS The study-cohort consisted of a real-world patient population receiving ICIs for metastatic cancers of different origins (n = 158). Laboratory parameters determined before the initiation of the ICI treatment were retrospectively collected. Six inflammation-related parameters i.e., elevated values of neutrophils, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the presence of anemia, were each scored with one point, giving 0-6 risk points for each patient. The patients with information of all these six parameters (n = 109) were then stratified into low-risk (0-3 points) and high-risk (4-6 points) groups. The overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) according to the risk scores were determined. RESULTS The risk model was strongly associated with the outcome of the patients. The ORR to ICI treatment in the high-risk group was 30.3% in comparison to 53.9% in the low-risk group (p = 0.023). The medians for OS were 10.0 months and 27.3 months, respectively (p < 0.001), and the corresponding medians for PFS were 3.9 months and 6.3 months (p = 0.002). The risk group remained as a significant prognostic factor for both OS (HR 3.04, 95% CI 1.64-5.64, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.04-3.06, p = 0.035) in the Cox multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS We propose a readily feasible, practical risk model consisted of six inflammation-related laboratory parameters as a tool for outcome prediction in metastatic cancer patients treated with ICIs. The risk model was strongly associated with the outcome of the patients in terms of all the evaluated indicators i.e., ORR, OS and PFS. Yet, further studies are needed to validate the risk model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Tiainen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Northern Savonia Healthcare Municipality, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veera Nurmela
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomas Selander
- Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Patrik Turunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Tiia Kettunen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Northern Savonia Healthcare Municipality, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Outi Kuittinen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Northern Savonia Healthcare Municipality, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Auvinen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Northern Savonia Healthcare Municipality, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino Rönkä
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Northern Savonia Healthcare Municipality, Kuopio, Finland.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Zhan Y, Wang Y, Wang P, Wang Y, Ni X, Wang J, Tang Z. Pretreatment dual-energy CT for predicting early response to induction chemotherapy and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:9052-9062. [PMID: 37405505 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the predictive performance of pretreatment dual-energy CT (DECT) for early response to induction chemotherapy and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS In this retrospective study, 56 NPC patients who underwent pretreatment DECT scans with posttreatment follow-up were enrolled. The DECT-derived normalised iodine concentration (nIC), effective atomic number (Zeff), 40-180 keV (20 keV interval), and Mix-0.3 value of the tumour lesions were measured to predict the early response to induction chemotherapy and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The Mann‒Whitney U test, ROC analysis, Kaplan‒Meier method with log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were performed to evaluate the predictive performance of DECT parameters, respectively. RESULTS Among all DECT-derived parameters, ROC analysis showed the predictive performances of nIC and Zeff values for early objective response to induction chemotherapy (AUCs of 0.803 and 0.826), locoregional failure-free survival (AUCs of 0.786 and 0.767), progression-free survival (AUCs of 0.856 and 0.731) and overall survival (AUCs of 0.765 and 0.799) in NPC patients, respectively (all p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that a high nIC value was an independent predictor of poor survival in NPC. In addition, survival analysis indicated that NPC patients with higher nIC values in primary tumours tend to have lower 5-year locoregional failure-free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival rates than those with lower nIC values. CONCLUSIONS DECT-derived nIC and Zeff values can predict early response to induction chemotherapy and survival in NPC; in particular, a high nIC value is an independent predictive factor of poor survival in NPC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Preoperative dual-energy computed tomography may provide predictive value for early response and survival outcomes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and facilitate their clinical management. KEY POINTS • Pretreatment dual-energy computed tomography helps to predict early response to therapy and survival in NPC. • NIC and Zeff values derived from dual-energy computed tomography can predict early objective response to induction chemotherapy and survival in NPC. • A high nIC value is an independent predictive factor of poor survival in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhan
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaochen Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zuohua Tang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Amorrortu R, Garcia M, Zhao Y, El Naqa I, Balagurunathan Y, Chen DT, Thieu T, Schabath MB, Rollison DE. Overview of approaches to estimate real-world disease progression in lung cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2023; 7:pkad074. [PMID: 37738580 PMCID: PMC10637832 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized clinical trials of novel treatments for solid tumors normally measure disease progression using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. However, novel, scalable approaches to estimate disease progression using real-world data are needed to advance cancer outcomes research. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize examples from the existing literature on approaches to estimate real-world disease progression and their relative strengths and limitations, using lung cancer as a case study. METHODS A narrative literature review was conducted in PubMed to identify articles that used approaches to estimate real-world disease progression in lung cancer patients. Data abstracted included data source, approach used to estimate real-world progression, and comparison to a selected gold standard (if applicable). RESULTS A total of 40 articles were identified from 2008 to 2022. Five approaches to estimate real-world disease progression were identified including manual abstraction of medical records, natural language processing of clinical notes and/or radiology reports, treatment-based algorithms, changes in tumor volume, and delta radiomics-based approaches. The accuracy of these progression approaches were assessed using different methods, including correlations between real-world endpoints and overall survival for manual abstraction (Spearman rank ρ = 0.61-0.84) and area under the curve for natural language processing approaches (area under the curve = 0.86-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Real-world disease progression has been measured in several observational studies of lung cancer. However, comparing the accuracy of methods across studies is challenging, in part, because of the lack of a gold standard and the different methods used to evaluate accuracy. Concerted efforts are needed to define a gold standard and quality metrics for real-world data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melany Garcia
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yayi Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bionformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thanh Thieu
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dana E Rollison
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Pan S, Ding A, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhan Y, Ye Z, Song N, Peng B, Li L, Huang W, Shao H. Small-molecule probes from bench to bedside: advancing molecular analysis of drug-target interactions toward precision medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5706-5743. [PMID: 37525607 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, remarkable advances have been witnessed in the development of small-molecule probes. These molecular tools have been widely applied for interrogating proteins, pathways and drug-target interactions in preclinical research. While novel structures and designs are commonly explored in probe development, the clinical translation of small-molecule probes remains limited, primarily due to safety and regulatory considerations. Recent synergistic developments - interfacing novel chemical probes with complementary analytical technologies - have introduced and expedited diverse biomedical opportunities to molecularly characterize targeted drug interactions directly in the human body or through accessible clinical specimens (e.g., blood and ascites fluid). These integrated developments thus offer unprecedented opportunities for drug development, disease diagnostics and treatment monitoring. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the structure and design of small-molecule probes with novel functionalities and the integrated development with imaging, proteomics and other emerging technologies. We further highlight recent applications of integrated small-molecule technologies for the molecular analysis of drug-target interactions, including translational applications and emerging opportunities for whole-body imaging, tissue-based measurement and blood-based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Pan
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Aixiang Ding
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yisi Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yaxin Sun
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yueqin Zhan
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhenkun Ye
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Ning Song
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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11
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Huang Y, Sun J, Li J, Zhu D, Dong M, Dou S, Tang Y, Shi W, Sun Q, Zhao T, Zhou Z, Zhou X, Liu Y, Li J, Zhu G, Zhang D, Chen Y, Zhu Q, Ju W, Zhong L. Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective single-arm trial (Illuminate Trial). Int J Surg 2023; 109:2220-2227. [PMID: 37288582 PMCID: PMC10442116 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (LAOSCC) is associated with a high rate of recurrence and poor survival. Given the recent successes of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAICT) in solid tumors, it is promising to use this treatment modality to achieve a better pathological response and improve the survival of LAOSCC, and clinical evidence is needed to assess its safety and efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective trial of NAICT with toripalimab (PD-1 inhibitor) and albumin paclitaxel/cisplatin (TTP) was conducted in patients with clinical stage III and IVA OSCC. Intravenous albumin paclitaxel (260 mg/m 2 ), cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 ), and toripalimab (240 mg) were given in sequence on day 1 of each 21 day cycle for two cycles, followed by radical surgery and risk-adapted adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy. The primary endpoints were safety and major pathological response (MPR). Targeted next generation sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescence were performed to assess clinical molecular characteristics and the tumor immune microenvironment in the pre-NAICT and post-NAICT tumor samples. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled. NAICT was well-tolerated with a low incidence of grades 3-4 adverse events in three patients. The completion rates of NAICT and subsequent R0 resection were 100%. The MPR rate was 60%, including a 30% pathological complete response. MPR was achieved in all four patients with a combined positive score of PD-L1>10. The density of tertiary lymphatic structure in post-NAICT tumor samples predicted the pathological response to NAICT. During the median 23-month follow-up, the disease-free survival was 90%, and the overall survival was 95%. CONCLUSIONS NAICT with the TTP protocol in LAOSCC is feasible and well tolerated, with a promising MPR and no obstruction on subsequent surgery. This trial is supportive of further randomized trials using NAICT in LAOSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | - Dongwang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | | | - Shengjin Dou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | | | - Wentao Shi
- Department of Biostatistics in Clinical Research Unit, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | | | - Tongchao Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology
| | - Guopei Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | - Ding Zhang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc
| | - Yanan Chen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
- Huangpu Branch
| | - Wutong Ju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
| | - Laiping Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
- Huangpu Branch
- National Center for Stomatology
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic China
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12
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Wang H, Cao H, Guo Z. Efficacy, toxicity and prognostic factors of pyrotinib‑involved neoadjuvant therapy in HER2‑positive breast cancer: A retrospective study. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:314. [PMID: 37332338 PMCID: PMC10272951 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrotinib is a novel irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER), whose efficacy in treating metastatic HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer has been confirmed. The present study aimed to explore the efficacy, safety and prognostic factors of pyrogenic-involved neoadjuvant therapy in patients with HER2+ breast cancer. A total of 49 patients with HER2+ breast cancer who received pyrotinib-neoadjuvant therapy were recruited. All patients received pyrotinib plus chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab neoadjuvant treatment for six cycles (21 days/cycle). Concerning the clinical response, 4 (8.2%), 36 (73.4%) and 9 (18.4%) patients achieved complete response, partial response and stable disease after 6-cycle pyrotinib-neoadjuvant treatment, respectively; the objective response rate and disease control rate reached 81.6 and 100.0%, respectively. Concerning the pathological response, 23 (46.9%), 12 (24.5%), 12 (24.5%) and 2 (4.1%) patients were evaluated as Miller-Payne grade 5, 4, 3 and 2, respectively. In addition, 23 (46.9%) patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) in the breast tissue, 40 (81.6%) patients achieved pCR in lymph nodes, while 22 (44.9%) patients obtained total pCR (tpCR). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that pyrotinib plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy (vs. pyrotinib plus chemotherapy) was independently correlated with increased tpCR (P=0.048). The most frequent adverse events included diarrhea (81.6%), anemia (69.4%), nausea and vomiting (63.3%), and fatigue (51.0%). The majority of the adverse events were mild and controllable. In conclusion, pyrotinib-neoadjuvant therapy presented optimal efficacy and mild toxicity in patients with HER2+ breast cancer, whose efficacy was affected by the combination treatment with trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Cao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P.R. China
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13
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Hao W, Jun Z, Yan L, Zhong-Yi Z, Bin-Bin J, Gui-Ju L, Wei Y, Lin S, Kun Y. Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy between systemic chemotherapy with and without radiofrequency ablation for colorectal cancer liver metastases: A propensity score matching study. Br J Radiol 2023:20221195. [PMID: 37191629 PMCID: PMC10392650 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20221195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare therapeutic efficacy between systemic chemotherapy (SC) alone and preoperative SC followed by radiofrequency ablation (SC+RFA) in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). METHODS This study identified a cohort of patients with CRLM after treatment between 2010 and 2016. Patients who received SC+RFA were compared with SC patients by propensity score matching. Overall survival (OS) and intrahepatic progression-free survival (PFS) were compared using stratified log-rank test. The outcomes after SC and SC+RFA were also assessed in patient subgroups. RESULTS This study identified 338 patients with CRLM who had underwent SC and had different response to chemotherapy, including non-progressive disease (non-PD) or progressive disease (PD). Of this cohort, 64 patients in SC+RFA group were matched by propensity score to 64 patients who received SC alone. Compared with SC cohort, the SC+RFA cohort yielded better OS (HR, 0.403; 95% CI, 0.271-0.601) and PFS (HR, 0.190; 95% CI, 0.113-0.320). The estimated OS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 93.8%, 51.6% and 15.6% for SC+RFA group and 81.3%, 26.6% and 10.9% for SC group (p<0.001). The cumulative PFS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 43.8 %, 14.1% and 3.1% for the SC+RFA group and 1.6%, 0 and 0% for SC group (p<0.0001). In subgroup analysis, compared with patients with PD response, patients with non-PD response could gain better PFS (HR, 0.207; 95% CI, 0.121-0.354) and OS (HR, 0.390; 95% CI, 0.246-0.617). CONCLUSIONS RFA was associated with improved OS and intrahepatic PFS in CRLM patients with preoperative SC,especially in non-PD response subgroup after SC. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The addition of RFA was advocated for CRLM patients with preoperative SC. This study will provide important reference and evidence to better perform the management of unresectable CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Hao
- Department of Ultrasound, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education /Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Jun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Zhong-Yi
- Department of Ultrasound, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education /Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Bin-Bin
- Department of Ultrasound, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education /Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Gui-Ju
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education /Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Kun
- Department of Ultrasound, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education /Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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14
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The impact of HER2-low status on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinically HER2-negative breast cancer. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 25:1673-1681. [PMID: 36586066 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low expression of HER2 (HER2-low expression) in breast cancer (BC) has unique biological characteristics. However, whether HER2-low expression has an impact on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in HER2-negative breast cancer remains unclear. METHODS This study reviewed the clinicopathological data of patients with BC treated with NACT at a single hospital from January 2018 to July 2022. Baseline patient characteristics, efficacy of NACT, and survival data were compared between the HER2-0 and HER2-low groups. The impact of NACT on HER2 status also was investigated. Subgroup analyses based on hormone receptor (HR) status were performed to explore the impact of HR signaling on HER2 status during chemotherapy. RESULTS The progesterone receptor-positive rate in the HER2-low group was significantly higher than that in HER2-0 group. The local treatment response of the HER2-low group was worse, but the disease-free survival rate of the HER2-low group was significantly better than that of the HER2-0 group. The proportion of patients with increased HER2 immunohistochemistry score after NACT was significantly higher in the HER2-0 group. Subgroup analysis showed that the efficacy of chemotherapy in HR + patients was significantly worse than in HR- patients, and HR + patients had a higher proportion of increased HER2 immunohistochemistry score after chemotherapy. Mechanistic studies suggested that MLH1 expression loss during chemotherapy might link HR signaling and regulation of HER2 expression. CONCLUSIONS We found that HER2-low expressing BC exhibits differential sensitivity to chemotherapy compared to HER2-0 expressing BC. The regulation of HER2 expression by HR signaling may mediate aspects of chemoresistance.
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15
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Predicting pathological complete response of neoadjuvant radiotherapy and targeted therapy for soft tissue sarcoma by whole-tumor texture analysis of multisequence MRI imaging. Eur Radiol 2022; 33:3984-3994. [PMID: 36580095 PMCID: PMC10182155 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To construct effective prediction models for neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and targeted therapy based on whole-tumor texture analysis of multisequence MRI for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients. METHODS Thirty patients with STS of the extremities or trunk from a prospective phase II trial were enrolled for this analysis. All patients underwent pre- and post-neoadjuvant RT MRI examinations from which whole-tumor texture features were extracted, including T1-weighted with fat saturation and contrast enhancement (T1FSGd), T2-weighted with fat saturation (T2FS), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences and their corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. According to the postoperative pathological results, the patients were divided into pathological complete response (pCR) and non-pCR (N-pCR) groups. pCR was defined as less than 5% of residual tumor cells by postoperative pathology. Delta features were defined as the percentage change in a texture feature from pre- to post-neoadjuvant RT MRI. After data reduction and feature selection, logistic regression was used to build prediction models. ROC analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic performance. RESULTS Five of 30 patients (16.7%) achieved pCR. The Delta_Model (AUC 0.92) had a better predictive ability than the Pre_Model (AUC 0.78) and Post_Model (AUC 0.76) and was better than AJCC staging (AUC 0.52) and RECIST 1.1 criteria (AUC 0.52). The Combined_Model (pre, post, and delta features) had the best predictive performance (AUC 0.95). CONCLUSION Whole-tumor texture analysis of multisequence MRI can well predict pCR status after neoadjuvant RT and targeted therapy in STS patients, with better performance than RECIST 1.1 and AJCC staging. KEY POINTS • MRI multisequence texture analysis could predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant RT and targeted therapy for STS patients. • Texture features showed incremental value beyond routine clinical factors. • The Combined_Model with features at multiple time points showed the best performance.
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16
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Litière S, Bogaerts J. Imaging endpoints for clinical trial use: a RECIST perspective. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005092. [PMID: 36424032 PMCID: PMC9693866 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty years after its initial introduction, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) remains today a unique standardized tool allowing uniform objective evaluation of response in solid tumors in clinical trials across different treatment indications. Several attempts have been made to update or replace RECIST, but none have realized the general traction or uptake seen with RECIST. This communication provides an overview of some challenges faced by RECIST in the rapidly changing oncology landscape, including the incorporation of PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose tracer as a tool for response assessment and the validation of criteria for use in trials involving immunotherapeutics. The latter has mainly been slow due to lack of data sharing. Work is ongoing to try to address this.We also aim to share our view as statistician representatives on the RECIST Working Group on what would be needed to validate new imaging endpoints for clinical trial use, with a specific focus on RECIST. Whether this could lead to an update of RECIST or replace RECIST altogether, depends on the changes being proposed. The ultimate goal remains to have a well defined, repeatable, confirmable and objective standard as provided by RECIST today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Litière
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Bogaerts
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Schaal JL, Bhattacharyya J, Brownstein J, Strickland KC, Kelly G, Saha S, Milligan J, Banskota S, Li X, Liu W, Kirsch DG, Zalutsky MR, Chilkoti A. Brachytherapy via a depot of biopolymer-bound 131I synergizes with nanoparticle paclitaxel in therapy-resistant pancreatic tumours. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:1148-1166. [PMID: 36261625 PMCID: PMC10389695 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Locally advanced pancreatic tumours are highly resistant to conventional radiochemotherapy. Here we show that such resistance can be surmounted by an injectable depot of thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) conjugated with iodine-131 radionuclides (131I-ELP) when combined with systemically delivered nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel. This combination therapy induced complete tumour regressions in diverse subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse models of locoregional pancreatic tumours. 131I-ELP brachytherapy was effective independently of the paclitaxel formulation and dose, but external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) only achieved tumour-growth inhibition when co-administered with nanoparticle paclitaxel. Histological analyses revealed that 131I-ELP brachytherapy led to changes in the expression of intercellular collagen and junctional proteins within the tumour microenvironment. These changes, which differed from those of EBRT-treated tumours, correlated with the improved delivery and accumulation of paclitaxel nanoparticles within the tumour. Our findings support the further translational development of 131I-ELP depots for the synergistic treatment of localized pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Schaal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeremy Brownstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kyle C Strickland
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Garrett Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soumen Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua Milligan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samagya Banskota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wenge Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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18
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Lai MY, Kang SY, Sun YT, Quan TT, Lu SX, He CY, Zhou ZW, Yang LQ, Luo HY, Wang FH, Li YH, Xu RH, Guan WL, Qiu MZ. Comparison of response evaluation criteria in solid tumors and tumor regression grade in evaluating the effect of preoperative systemic therapy of gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1031. [PMID: 36183074 PMCID: PMC9526302 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and tumor regression grade (TRG) play key roles in evaluating tumor response. We analyzed the consistency of TRG and RECIST 1.1 for gastric cancer (GC) patients and compared their prognostic values. METHODS Patients with GC who received preoperative chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy and had records of TRG from December 2013 to October 2021 were enrolled retrospectively. TRG 0-1 and 2-3 are considered as corresponding to complete response (CR)/partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD)/progress disease (PD) in RECIST 1.1, respectively. The primary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The consistency of RECIST and TRG was examined by kappa statistics. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan Meier method. RESULT One hundred fifty seven GC patients were enrolled, including 125 with preoperative chemotherapy and 32 with chemoimmunotherapy. Among them, 56 patients had measurable lesions. Only 19.6% (11/56) of the patients had consistent results between RECIST 1.1 and TRG. TRG was correlated with both OS and DFS (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively) while response according to RECIST1.1 was not (P = 0.86 and 0.23, respectively). The median DFS had not reached in the TRG 0-1 group and was 16.13 months in TRG 2-3 group. TRG 2-3 was associated with young age and peritoneal or liver metastasis. Besides, preoperative chemoimmunotherapy had a significantly higher pCR rate than chemotherapy alone (34.4% vs 8.0%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION TRG was in poor agreement with RECIST 1.1. TRG was better than RECIST 1.1 in predicting DFS and OS for GC patients who received preoperative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shi-Yang Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yu-Ting Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ting-Ting Quan
- Department of Image, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shi-Xun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Cai-Yun He
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li-Qiong Yang
- Department of Experiment, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hui-Yan Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Feng-Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wen-Long Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Miao-Zhen Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Sun A, Chen S, Lin M, Zhou D, Zhang H, Sun C, Wang P. Efficacy of TACE+Radiofrequency Ablation+Sorafenib in the Treatment of Patients with Recurrent Liver Cancer and Construction of Prediction Model. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6879035. [PMID: 36118840 PMCID: PMC9473901 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6879035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed at exploring the efficacy of transarterial chemotherapy embolization (TACE)+radiofrequency ablation+sorafenib in the treatment of patients with recurrent liver cancer and at constructing its prediction model. Methods A total of 60 patients with recurrent liver cancer treated in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were enrolled and divided into two groups according to treatment methods, with 30 patients in each group. Group A adopted TACE+radiofrequency ablation+sorafenib therapy while group B adopted TACE+radiofrequency ablation therapy. Clinical efficacy, complications, and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed. A total of 30 patients with nonrecurrent liver cancer in the same period were enrolled. 60 patients with recurrent liver cancer and 30 patients with nonrecurrent liver cancer were taken as the recurrence group and the nonrecurrence group, respectively. The baseline data and clinical data of the patients were queried by the Hospital Information System. The data included age, gender, Child-Pugh grade, HBV/HCV infection, portal vein tumor thrombus, degree of differentiation, vascular invasion, serum alpha fetal protein (AFP) level, number of tumors, maximum diameter of tumors, and number of nodules. The logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors for liver cancer recurrence. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to analyze the degree of fitting between the prediction model and the standard curve. The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the model for liver cancer recurrence. Results The objective effective rate and disease control rate in group A (33.33% and 70.00%) were higher than those in group B (10.00% and 43.33%), and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications such as embolism syndrome, hand and foot skin reaction, gastrointestinal reaction, hypertension, diaphragmatic injury and bleeding, and biliary leakage and fever between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The proportions of patients in the recurrence group with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), medium and high degree of differentiation, combined with vascular invasion, serum AFP level ≥ 400 ng/dL, multiple tumors, maximum tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm, combined with cirrhosis, and polynodules were all higher than those in the nonrecurrence group; the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Complication of PVTT, the degree of medium and high differentiation, and the maximum tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm were independent risk factors for recurrence of liver cancer (all P < 0.05). The prediction model of liver cancer recurrence was obtained by multiple regression analysis, P = 1/[1 + e -(-5.441 + 6.154∗PVTT + 3.475∗differentiateddegree + 3.001∗maximumdiameteroftumor)]. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that χ 2 = 1.558 (P = 0.992). According to the ROC curve analysis, the AUC, SE, and 95% CI value of the prediction model for liver cancer recurrence were 0.977, 0.012, and 0.953-1.000, respectively. Conclusion TACE+radiofrequency ablation+sorafenib is effective in the treatment of recurrent liver cancer, and the prediction model established based on the risk factor has high predictive value for patients with recurrent liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 226001, China
| | - Shumei Chen
- Department of Outpatient, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 226001, China
| | - Minggang Lin
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 226001, China
| | - Dapeng Zhou
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 226001, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 226001, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 226001, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of 3D Medical Printing Center, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao Shandong 226001, China
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20
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Patel A, Kalachand R, Busschots S, Doherty B, Kapros E, Lawlor D, Hall N, Stordal BK. Taxane monotherapy regimens for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 7:CD008766. [PMID: 35866378 PMCID: PMC9309650 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008766.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the seventh most frequent cancer diagnosis worldwide, and the eighth leading cause of cancer mortality. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common kind, accounting for 90% of cases. First-line therapy for women with epithelial ovarian cancer consists of a combination of cytoreductive surgery and platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy. However, more than 50% of women with epithelial ovarian cancer will experience a relapse and require further chemotherapy and at some point develop resistance to platinum-based drugs. Currently, guidance on the use of most chemotherapy drugs, including taxanes, is unclear for women whose epithelial ovarian cancer has recurred. Paclitaxel, topotecan, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride, trabectedin and gemcitabine are all licensed for use in the UK at the discretion of clinicians, following discussion with the women as to potential adverse effects. Taxanes can be given in once-weekly regimens (at a lower dose) or three-weekly regimens (at a higher dose), which may have differences in the severity of side effects and effectiveness. As relapsed disease suggests incurable disease, it is all the more important to consider side effects and the impact of treatment schedules, as well as quality of life, and not only the life-prolonging effects of treatment. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and toxicity of different taxane monotherapy regimens for women with recurrent epithelial ovarian, tubal or primary peritoneal cancer. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase, up to 22 March 2022. Other related databases and trial registries were searched as well as grey literature and no additional studies were identified. A total of 1500 records were identified. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials of taxane monotherapy for adult women diagnosed with recurrent epithelial ovarian, tubal or primary peritoneal cancer, previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. We included trials comparing two or more taxane monotherapy regimens. Participants could be experiencing their first recurrence of disease or any line of recurrence. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors screened, independently assessed studies, and extracted data from the included studies. The clinical outcomes we examined were overall survival, response rate, progression-free survival, neurotoxicity, neutropenia, alopecia, and quality of life. We performed statistical analyses using fixed-effect and random-effects models following standard Cochrane methodology. We rated the certainty of evidence according to the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS Our literature search yielded 1500 records of 1466 studies; no additional studies were identified by searching grey literature or handsearching. We uploaded the search results into Covidence. After the exclusion of 92 duplicates, we screened titles and abstracts of 1374 records. Of these, we identified 24 studies for full-text screening. We included four parallel-group randomised controlled trials (RCTs). All trials were multicentred and conducted in a hospital setting. The studies included 981 eligible participants with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, tubal or primary peritoneal cancer with a median age ranging between 56 to 62 years of age. All participants had a WHO (World Health Organization) performance status of between 0 to 2. The proportion of participants with serous histology ranged between 56% to 85%. Participants included women who had platinum-sensitive (71%) and platinum-resistant (29%) relapse. Some participants were taxane pre-treated (5.6%), whilst the majority were taxane-naive (94.4%). No studies were classified as having a high risk of bias for any of the domains in the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We found that there may be little or no difference in overall survival (OS) between weekly paclitaxel and three-weekly paclitaxel, but the evidence is very uncertain (risk ratio (RR) of 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 1.33, two studies, 263 participants, very low-certainty evidence). Similarly, there may be little or no difference in response rate (RR of 1.07, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.48, two studies, 263 participants, very low-certainty evidence) and progression-free survival (PFS) (RR of 0.83, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.52, two studies, 263 participants, very low-certainty evidence) between weekly and three-weekly paclitaxel, but the evidence is very uncertain. We found differences in the chemotherapy-associated adverse events between the weekly and three-weekly paclitaxel regimens. The weekly paclitaxel regimen may result in a reduction in neutropenia (RR 0.51, 95% 0.27 to 0.95, two studies, 260 participants, low-certainty evidence) and alopecia (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.73, one study, 205 participants, low-certainty evidence). There may be little or no difference in neurotoxicity, but the evidence was very low-certainty and we cannot exclude an effect (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.45, two studies, 260 participants). When examining the effect of paclitaxel dosage in the three-weekly regimen, the 250 mg/m2 paclitaxel regimen probably causes more neurotoxicity compared to the 175 mg/m2 regimen (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.80, one study, 330 participants, moderate-certainty evidence). Quality-of-life data were not extractable from any of the included studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Fewer people may experience neutropenia when given weekly rather than three-weekly paclitaxel (low-certainty evidence), although it may make little or no difference to the risk of developing neurotoxicity (very low-certainty evidence). This is based on the participants receiving lower doses of drug more often. However, our confidence in this result is low and the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Weekly paclitaxel probably reduces the risk of alopecia, although the rates in both arms were high (46% versus 79%) (low-certainty evidence). A change to weekly from three-weekly chemotherapy could be considered to reduce the likelihood of toxicity, as it may have little or no negative impact on response rate (very low-certainty evidence), PFS (very low-certainty evidence) or OS (very low-certainty evidence). Three-weekly paclitaxel, given at a dose of 175 mg/m2 compared to a higher dose,probably reduces the risk of neurotoxicity.We are moderately confident in this result; the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. A change to 175 mg/m2 paclitaxel (from a higher dose), if a three-weekly regimen is used, probably has little or no negative impact on PFS or OS (very low-certainty evidence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashna Patel
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Roshni Kalachand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Steven Busschots
- Department of Histopathology, St James Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Ben Doherty
- Department of Histopathology, St James Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Evangelos Kapros
- Department of Computer Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Denise Lawlor
- Department of Histopathology, St James Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Neville Hall
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Britta K Stordal
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, UK
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Zeng M, Pi C, Li K, Sheng L, Zuo Y, Yuan J, Zou Y, Zhang X, Zhao W, Lee RJ, Wei Y, Zhao L. Patient-Derived Xenograft: A More Standard "Avatar" Model in Preclinical Studies of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898563. [PMID: 35664756 PMCID: PMC9161630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, gastric cancer remains the third most common cause of cancer-related death in humans. The establishment of relevant animal models of gastric cancer is critical for further research. Due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the genetic heterogeneity of gastric cancer, the commonly used preclinical animal models fail to adequately represent clinically relevant models of gastric cancer. However, patient-derived models are able to replicate as much of the original inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of gastric cancer as possible, reflecting the cellular interactions of the tumor microenvironment. In addition to implanting patient tissues or primary cells into immunodeficient mouse hosts for culture, the advent of alternative hosts such as humanized mouse hosts, zebrafish hosts, and in vitro culture modalities has also facilitated the advancement of gastric cancer research. This review highlights the current status, characteristics, interfering factors, and applications of patient-derived models that have emerged as more valuable preclinical tools for studying the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Pi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Zuo
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Comprehensive Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Yuan
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Clinical Trial Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yonggen Zou
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese MateriaMedica, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yumeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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22
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Wu CJ, Yeh TP, Wang YJ, Hu HF, Tsay SL, Liu LC. Effectiveness of Fucoidan on Supplemental Therapy in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050923. [PMID: 35628061 PMCID: PMC9140503 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Fucoidan is a dietary supplement which is commonly used by cancer patients. However, despite evidence of positive effects in cell culture environments, there are currently no clinical guidelines for supplementary use of fucoidan in cancer patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fucoidan supplemental use. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using databases including Cochrane Library, JBI, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. All original studies on fucoidan for supplemental use in cancer patients were included. The search was made in databases without time restriction. The outcomes included disease progression status, inflammatory markers, nutritional status, adverse effects, and quality of life. The appraisal tool used was JBI-MAStARI. Results: Four studies were included: One randomized controlled trial and three quasi-experimental studies. Meta-analysis was not applied due to the heterogeneity of measurement tools. Overall sample size was 118. Most participants were metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer patients. Two studies revealed a significantly longer survival time and chemotherapy treatment periods with fucoidan use. Positive but insignificant effects of disease control rate, inflammatory markers, nutrition status, fatigue, and financial difficulty were shown in those using fucoidan. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review indicate that the effects of fucoidan were inconsistent with clinical outcomes in metastatic or recurrent cancer patients. Only four studies were included, and heterogeneity in methodologies and relatively small sample sizes limited the research consensus. Although cause and effect between fucoidan and the survival time, disease control or adverse effects could not be confirmed, this study includes the most research on fucoidan in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Wu
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 433304, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Pei Yeh
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Wang
- Department of Nursing, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan; (Y.-J.W.); (S.-L.T.)
| | - Hsiao-Fang Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Shiow-Luan Tsay
- Department of Nursing, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan; (Y.-J.W.); (S.-L.T.)
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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23
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Kroschke J, von Stackelberg O, Heußel CP, Wielpütz MO, Kauczor HU. Imaging Biomarkers in Thoracic Oncology: Current Advances in the Use of Radiomics in Lung Cancer Patients and its Potential Use for Therapy Response Prediction and Monitoring. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022; 194:720-727. [PMID: 35211928 DOI: 10.1055/a-1729-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The development of therapies targeting molecular alterations has significantly improved the treatment of NSCLC patients. To identify these targets, tumor phenotyping is required, with tissue biopsies and molecular pathology being the gold standard. Some patients do not respond to targeted therapies and many patients suffer from tumor recurrence, which can in part be explained by tumor heterogeneity. This points out the need for new biomarkers allowing for better tumor phenotyping and monitoring during treatment to assess patient outcome. METHOD The contents of this review are based on a literature search conducted using the PubMed database in March 2021 and the authors' experience. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The use of radiomics and artificial intelligence-based approaches allows for the identification of imaging biomarkers in NSCLC patients for tumor phenotyping. Several studies show promising results for models predicting molecular alterations, with the best results being achieved by combining structural and functional imaging. Radiomics could help solve the pressing clinical need for assessing and predicting therapy response. To reach this goal, advanced tumor phenotyping, considering tumor heterogeneity, is required. This could be achieved by integrating structural and functional imaging biomarkers with clinical data sources, such as liquid biopsy results. However, to allow for radiomics-based approaches to be introduced into clinical practice, further standardization using large, multi-center datasets is required. KEY POINTS · Some NSCLC patients do not benefit from targeted therapies, and many patients suffer from tumor recurrence, pointing out the need for new biomarkers allowing for better tumor phenotyping and monitoring during treatment.. · The use of radiomics-based approaches allows for the identification of imaging biomarkers in NSCLC patients for tumor phenotyping.. · A multi-omics approach integrating not only structural and functional imaging biomarkers but also clinical data sources, such as liquid biopsy results, could further enhance the prediction and assessment of therapy response.. CITATION FORMAT · Kroschke J, von Stackelberg O, Heußel CP et al. Imaging Biomarkers in Thoracic Oncology: Current Advances in the Use of Radiomics in Lung Cancer Patients and its Potential Use for Therapy Response Prediction and Monitoring. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2022; DOI: 10.1055/a-1729-1516.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kroschke
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oyunbileg von Stackelberg
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Heußel
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Oliver Wielpütz
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Wang J, Wang X, Chen R, Liang M, Li M, Ma G, Xia T, Wang S. Circulating tumor cells may serve as a supplement to RECIST in neoadjuvant chemotherapy of patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:889-898. [PMID: 35122586 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been shown to be associated with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and the prognosis of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients. Our study aimed to investigate whether the change of CTC status during NCT could serve as a supplement to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) in the treatment and evaluation of LABC patients. METHODS 6 ml of blood samples were collected before NCT, after the first cycle of NCT and after the completion of NCT, respectively. According to the change of CTC number during NCT, the patients were divided into "CTC low-response (low-R)" group and "CTC high-response (high-R)" group. Survival data of each group of patients were obtained through long-term follow-up. RESULTS A total of 35 patients diagnosed with LABC were enrolled. The median follow-up for distant metastasis was 27 months (range 7-36 months). There was no significant difference in distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) between PR/CR group and PD/SD group (P = 0.0914), while CTC low-R group had a worse DMFS than CTC high-R group (P = 0.0199). In PR/CR subgroup, patients with CTC low-R showed a lower DMFS compared with those with CTC high-R (P = 0.0159). However, in PD/SD subgroup, there was no significant difference in DMFS between CTC low-R and CTC high-R group (P = 0.7521). In terms of assessing response to NCT, CTC change or RECIST classification alone had an AUC of 0.533 (95% CI 0.277-0.790) and 0.700 (95% CI 0.611-0.789), respectively. When combining the two, the AUC slightly increased to 0.713 (95% CI 0.532-0.895). CONCLUSION The change of CTC number during NCT has a potential to serve as a supplement to RECIST in the assessment of NCT efficacy and the prognosis of LABC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mengdi Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ge Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tiansong Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Rustand D, Briollais L, Tournigand C, Rondeau V. Two-part joint model for a longitudinal semicontinuous marker and a terminal event with application to metastatic colorectal cancer data. Biostatistics 2022; 23:50-68. [PMID: 32282877 PMCID: PMC9116390 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint models for a longitudinal biomarker and a terminal event have gained interests for evaluating cancer clinical trials because the tumor evolution reflects directly the state of the disease. A biomarker characterizing the tumor size evolution over time can be highly informative for assessing treatment options and could be taken into account in addition to the survival time. The biomarker often has a semicontinuous distribution, i.e., it is zero inflated and right skewed. An appropriate model is needed for the longitudinal biomarker as well as an association structure with the survival outcome. In this article, we propose a joint model for a longitudinal semicontinuous biomarker and a survival time. The semicontinuous nature of the longitudinal biomarker is specified by a two-part model, which splits its distribution into a binary outcome (first part) represented by the positive versus zero values and a continuous outcome (second part) with the positive values only. Survival times are modeled with a proportional hazards model for which we propose three association structures with the biomarker. Our simulation studies show some bias can arise in the parameter estimates when the semicontinuous nature of the biomarker is ignored, assuming the true model is a two-part model. An application to advanced metastatic colorectal cancer data from the GERCOR study is performed where our two-part model is compared to one-part joint models. Our results show that treatment arm B (FOLFOX6/FOLFIRI) is associated to higher SLD values over time and its positive association with the terminal event leads to an increased risk of death compared to treatment arm A (FOLFIRI/FOLFOX6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Rustand
- Department of Biostatistics, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Briollais
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Biostatistics), University of Toronto, 600 University Ave., Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Christophe Tournigand
- Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Virginie Rondeau
- Department of Biostatistics, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Acar S, Armstrong AE, Hirbe AC. Plexiform neurofibroma: shedding light on the investigational agents in clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 31:31-40. [PMID: 34932916 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2022120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition, which predisposes individuals to the development of plexiform neurofibromas (PN), benign nerve sheath tumors seen in 30-50% of patients with NF1. These tumors may cause significant pain and disfigurement or may compromise organ function. Given the morbidity associated with these tumors, therapeutic options for patients with NF1-related PN are necessary. AREAS COVERED We searched the www.clinicaltrials.gov database for 'plexiform neurofibroma.' This article summarizes completed and ongoing trials involving systemic therapies for PN. EXPERT OPINION Surgery is the mainstay treatment; however, complete resection is not possible in many cases. Numerous systemic therapies have been evaluated in patients with NF1, with MEK inhibitors (MEKi) showing the greatest efficacy for volumetric reduction and improvement in functional and patient-reported outcomes. The MEKi selumetinib is now FDA approved for the treatment of inoperable, symptomatic PN in pediatric NF1 patients. Questions remain regarding the use of this drug class in terms of when to initiate therapy, overall duration, reduced dosing schedules, and side effect management. Future studies are needed to fully understand the clinical application of MEKi and to evaluate other potential therapies through appropriate trial designs for this potentially devastating, manifestation in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Acar
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amy E Armstrong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Angela C Hirbe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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27
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Prognostic Utility of Parameters Derived From Pretreatment Dual-Layer Spectral-Detector CT in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 218:867-876. [PMID: 34910540 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.21.26911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: New therapies have emerged for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), though corresponding imaging markers are lacking. Dual-layer spectral-detector CT (DLCT) can quantify iodine concentration (IC) and effective atomic number (Zeffective), providing information beyond attenuation that may indicate mRCC prognosis. Objective: To assess the utility of the DLCT-derived parameters IC and Zeffective for predicting mRCC treatment response and survival. Methods: This prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03616951) enrolled 120 participants with mRCC from January 2018 to January 2020 who underwent DLCT before treatment initiation, with reconstruction of IC and Zeffective maps. Final analysis included 115 participants (86 men, 29 women; median age, 65.1 years), incorporating 313 target lesions that were clinically selected using RECIST version 1.1 on arterial-phase acquisitions of the chest and abdomen. Semiautomatic volumetric segmentation was performed of the target lesions. Pixels from all lesions were combined to a single histogram per patient. Median IC and Zeffective of the combined histograms were recorded. Measurements above and below the cohort median values were considered high and low, respectively. Univariable associations were explored between IC and Zeffective, with objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Multivariable associations were explored between IC and ORR, PFS, and OS, adjusting for treatment (tyrosine kinase inhibitor versus checkpoint immunotherapy) and significant univariable predictors [including tumor histology and International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk factors]. Results: At baseline, median IC was 2.26 mg/ml, and median Zeffective was 8.49. In univariable analysis, high IC and high Zeffective were associated with better ORR (both OR=4.35, p=.001), better PFS (both HR=0.51, p=.004), and better OS (both HR=0.38, p<.001). In multivariable models, high IC independently predicted better ORR (OR=4.35, p=.001), better PFS (HR=0.51, p=.004), and better OS (HR=0.37, p<.001); neutrophilia independently predicted worse PFS (HR=2.10, p=.004) and worse OS (HR=2.28, p=.003). The estimated c-index for predicting OS using IMDC risk factors was 0.650, versus 0.687 when incorporating high attention and 0.692 when incorporating high IC or high Zeffective. Conclusions: High IC and high Zeffective are significant predictors of better treatment response and survival in mRCC. Clinical impact: Baseline DLCT parameters may improve current mRCC prognostic models.
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Khan S, Shin JH, Ferri V, Cheng N, Noel JE, Kuo C, Sunwoo JB, Pratx G. High-resolution positron emission microscopy of patient-derived tumor organoids. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5883. [PMID: 34620852 PMCID: PMC8497512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor organoids offer new opportunities for translational cancer research, but unlike animal models, their broader use is hindered by the lack of clinically relevant imaging endpoints. Here, we present a positron-emission microscopy method for imaging clinical radiotracers in patient-derived tumor organoids with spatial resolution 100-fold better than clinical positron emission tomography (PET). Using this method, we quantify 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose influx to show that patient-derived tumor organoids recapitulate the glycolytic activity of the tumor of origin, and thus, could be used to predict therapeutic response in vitro. Similarly, we measure sodium-iodine symporter activity using 99mTc- pertechnetate and find that the iodine uptake pathway is functionally conserved in organoids derived from thyroid carcinomas. In conclusion, organoids can be imaged using clinical radiotracers, which opens new possibilities for identifying promising drug candidates and radiotracers, personalizing treatment regimens, and incorporating clinical imaging biomarkers in organoid-based co-clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamantak Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - June Ho Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Ferri
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ning Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia E Noel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Kuo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
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Drljevic-Nielsen A, Rasmussen F, Mains JR, Thorup K, Donskov F. Blood Volume as a new functional image-based biomarker of progression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19659. [PMID: 34608226 PMCID: PMC8490379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
RECIST v1.1 has limitations in evaluating progression. We assessed Dynamic Constrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (DCE-CT) identified Blood Volume (BV) for the evaluation of progressive disease (PD) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). BV was quantified prospectively at baseline, after one month, then every three months until PD. Relative changes (ΔBV) were assessed at each timepoint compared with baseline values. The primary endpoint was Time to PD (TTP), the secondary endpoint was Time to the scan prior to PD (PDminus1). Cox proportional hazard models adjusted ΔBV for treatments and International mRCC Database Consortium factors. A total of 62 patients had analyzable scans at the PD timepoint. Median BV was 23.92 mL × 100 g-1 (range 4.40-399.04) at PD and 26.39 mL × 100 g-1 (range 8.70-77.44) at PDminus1. In the final multivariate analysis higher ΔBV was statistically significantly associated with shorter Time to PD, HR 1.11 (95% CI 1.07-1.15, P < 0.001). Also assessed at PDminus1, higher ΔBV was significantly associated with shorter time to PD, HR 1.14 (95% CI 1.01-1.28, P = 0.031). In conclusion, DCE-CT identified BV is a new image-based biomarker of therapy progression in patients with mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aska Drljevic-Nielsen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jill Rachel Mains
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kennet Thorup
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Frede Donskov
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Bruix J, Chan SL, Galle PR, Rimassa L, Sangro B. Systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An EASL position paper. J Hepatol 2021; 75:960-974. [PMID: 34256065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The last 5 years have witnessed relevant advances in the systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. New data have emerged since the development of the EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma in 2018. Drugs licensed in some countries now include 4 oral multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib and cabozantinib), 1 anti-angiogenic antibody (ramucirumab) and 4 immune checkpoint inhibitors, alone or in combination (atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab, ipilimumab in combination with nivolumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab in monotherapy). Prolonged survival in excess of 2 years can be expected in most patients with sensitive tumours and well-preserved liver function that renders them fit for sequential therapies. With different choices available in any given setting, the robustness of the evidence of efficacy and a correct matching of the safety profile of a given agent with patient characteristics and preferences are key in making sound therapeutic decisions. The recommendations in this document amend the previous EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines and aim to help clinicians provide the best possible care for patients today. In view of several ongoing and promising trials, further advances in systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma are foreseen in the near future and these recommendations will have to be updated regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bruix
- BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Liver Unit and HPB Oncology Area, Clinica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA and CIBEREHD, Pamplona, Spain.
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Steinhof-Radwańska K, Grażyńska A, Lorek A, Gisterek I, Barczyk-Gutowska A, Bobola A, Okas K, Lelek Z, Morawska I, Potoczny J, Niemiec P, Szyluk K. Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography Assessment of Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:3448-3462. [PMID: 34590596 PMCID: PMC8482113 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evaluating the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is key to planning further therapy of breast cancer. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-energy and subtraction contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) images in the detection of complete response (CR) for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer. Methods: A total of 63 female patients were qualified for our retrospective analysis. Low-energy and subtraction CESM images just before the beginning of NAC and as a follow-up examination 2 weeks before the end of chemotherapy were compared with one another and assessed for compliance with the postoperative histopathological examination (HP). The response to preoperative chemotherapy was evaluated based on the RECIST 1.1 criteria (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors). Results: Low-energy images tend to overestimate residual lesions (6.28 mm) and subtraction images tend to underestimate them (2.75 mm). The sensitivity of low-energy images in forecasting CR amounted to 33.33%, while the specificity was 92.86%. In the case of subtraction CESM, the sensitivity amounted to 85.71% and the specificity to 71.42%. Conclusions: CESM is characterized by high sensitivity in the assessment of CR after NAC. The use of only morphological assessment is insufficient. CESM correlates well with the size of residual lesions on histopathological examination but tends to underestimate the dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Steinhof-Radwańska
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Prof. Kornel Gibiński Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-358-1350
| | - Anna Grażyńska
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.G.); (K.O.); (Z.L.); (I.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Andrzej Lorek
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Prof. Kornel Gibiński Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Iwona Gisterek
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Prof. Kornel Gibiński Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (I.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Barczyk-Gutowska
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Prof. Kornel Gibiński Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Bobola
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Prof. Kornel Gibiński Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (I.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Karolina Okas
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.G.); (K.O.); (Z.L.); (I.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Zuzanna Lelek
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.G.); (K.O.); (Z.L.); (I.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Irmina Morawska
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.G.); (K.O.); (Z.L.); (I.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Jakub Potoczny
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.G.); (K.O.); (Z.L.); (I.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Paweł Niemiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Karol Szyluk
- 1st Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62, 41-940 Piekary Śląskie, Poland;
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Yi Z, Ma F, Rong G, Liu B, Guan Y, Li J, Sun X, Wang W, Guan X, Mo H, Wang J, Qian H, Xu B. The molecular tumor burden index as a response evaluation criterion in breast cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:251. [PMID: 34230452 PMCID: PMC8260637 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a potential biomarker of prognosis and therapeutic response. We conducted this study to explore the role of the molecular tumor burden index (mTBI) in ctDNA as a therapeutic response and prognostic biomarker in a larger cohort prospective phase III randomized multicenter study. We collected 291 plasma samples from 125 metastatic breast cancer patients from the CAMELLIA study (NCT01917279). Target-capture deep sequencing of 1021 genes was performed to detect somatic variants in ctDNA from the plasma samples. The pretreatment mTBI value was correlated with tumor burden (P = 0.025). Patients with high-level pretreatment mTBI had shorter overall survival than patients with low-level pretreatment mTBI, and the median overall survival was 40.9 months and 68.4 months, respectively (P = 0.011). Patients with mTBI decrease to less than 0.02% at the first tumor evaluation had longer progression-free survival and overall survival (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). The mTBI has good sensitivity to identify complete response/partial response and progressive disease based on computed tomography scans (88.5% and 87.5%, respectively). The patients classified as molecular responders had longer progression-free survival and overall survival than the nonmolecular responders in the overall cohort (P < 0.001 and P = 0.036, respectively), as well as in the cohort in which computed tomography scans were defined as representing stable disease (P = 0.027 and P = 0.015, respectively). The mTBI in ctDNA detected in liquid biopsies is a potential biomarker of therapeutic response and prognosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbi Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Guohua Rong
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binliang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jin Li
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huanxing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwen Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongnan Mo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Wu H, Liu GJ, Zhang ZY, Wu W, Meng YF, Wang S, Yang W, Yan K. Nomogram including chemotherapy response for prediction of intrahepatic progression-free survival in patients with colorectal liver metastasis through chemotherapy followed by radiofrequency ablation. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:633-639. [PMID: 33882789 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1912415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is being considered as the favorable treatment option for unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) receiving chemotherapy, yet there still exist challenges for recurrence after RFA. The present study aims to establish an effective nomogram to predict intrahepatic progression-free survival (PFS) and select RFA candidates. METHODS Patients with unresectable CRLM treated with chemotherapy followed by RFA between 2010 and 2016 were enrolled in this study. The nomogram to predict intrahepatic PFS was established based on multivariable Cox regression analysis. The predictive performance of the nomogram was assessed according to the C-index, calibration plots and Kaplan-Meier curve. RESULTS Of a total of 158 patients, the earlier new intrahepatic metastases over local tumor progression were observed in 157 patients during the follow-up, and the mean intrahepatic PFS was 16.9 ± 1.4 months in the present cohort. The optimal cutoff value of tumor size after chemotherapy was identified as 16 mm by X-tile analysis. Based on multivariate analysis, independent prognostic factors for intrahepatic PFS included primary positive lymph nodes, multiple metastases, tumor size >16 mm, no primary lesion resection, mutant KRAS and PD response after chemotherapy. The nomogram was established to predict intrahepatic PFS based on all independent factors, which achieved favorable discrimination and calibration. CONCLUSION This study firstly established the nomogram to predict intrahepatic PFS for unresectable CRLM patients receiving chemotherapy followed by RFA. It can facilitate the selection of RFA candidates, and help both surgeons and patients choose individualized regimens in the treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Ju Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Pan S, Zhang Y, Natalia A, Lim CZJ, Ho NRY, Chowbay B, Loh TP, Tam JKC, Shao H. Extracellular vesicle drug occupancy enables real-time monitoring of targeted cancer therapy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:734-742. [PMID: 33686255 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current technologies to measure drug-target interactions require complex processing and invasive tissue biopsies, limiting their clinical utility for cancer treatment monitoring. Here we develop an analytical platform that leverages circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) for activity-based assessment of tumour-specific drug-target interactions in patient blood samples. The technology, termed extracellular vesicle monitoring of small-molecule chemical occupancy and protein expression (ExoSCOPE), utilizes bio-orthogonal probe amplification and spatial patterning of molecular reactions within matched plasmonic nanoring resonators to achieve in situ analysis of EV drug dynamics. It measures changes in drug occupancy and protein composition in molecular subpopulations of EVs. When used to monitor various targeted therapies, the ExoSCOPE revealed EV signatures that closely reflected cellular treatment efficacy. We further applied the technology for clinical cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring. Using a small volume of blood, the ExoSCOPE accurately classified disease status and rapidly distinguished between targeted treatment outcomes, within 24 h after treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Pan
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carine Z J Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R Y Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Balram Chowbay
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Clinician-Scientist Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John K C Tam
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Bruix J. Endpoints in clinical trials for liver cancer and their value in evidence-based clinical decision making: An unresolved Gordian knot. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1483-1488. [PMID: 33556420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The design and execution of clinical trials relies on strict definitions and criteria to avoid heterogeneous decisions by investigators at different sites. Ideally, definitions and decision making in clinical practice should mimic those implemented in trials, but this is not the case. Target populations are narrowly defined in trials, with the goal of evaluating activity and toxicity, and ultimately, demonstrating a survival benefit. In real-world practice, patients may not fit into the stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria of clinical trials. The evaluation of activity may also differ and the common policy to stop therapy upon progression may not be followed if progression is minor. Indeed, registration of progression may not reflect treatment failure or resistance. Parameters such as response according to RECIST criteria, time to progression and progression-free survival are not fully informative and cannot be assumed as a definitive surrogate for survival, which is the hardest endpoint in therapeutic cancer studies. This difference is because of the varying methods used to evaluate drug activity and tumour evolution, which ultimately dictates patient outcome. This expert opinion exposes the current discrepancies between research trials and clinical practice. Understanding the origin and limitations of such a conundrum should be the first step in refining the criteria that define drug activity, toxicity and treatment failure. Otherwise, evidence-based clinical practice and precision oncology will be an unattainable reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bruix
- BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Spain.
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36
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Aguado-Fraile E, Tassinari A, Ishii Y, Sigel C, Lowery MA, Goyal L, Gliser C, Jiang L, Pandya SS, Wu B, Bardeesy N, Choe S, Deshpande V. Molecular and morphological changes induced by ivosidenib correlate with efficacy in mutant- IDH1 cholangiocarcinoma. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2057-2074. [PMID: 33709779 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: IDH1 mutations occur in approximately 13% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (IHCCs). The oral, targeted, mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) inhibitor ivosidenib (AG-120) suppresses production of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate, promoting disease stabilization and improved progression-free survival (PFS) in mIDH1 IHCC. Materials & methods: Harnessing matched baseline and on-treatment biopsies, we investigate the potential mechanisms underlying ivosidenib's efficacy. Results: mIDH1 inhibition leads to decreased cytoplasm and expression of hepatocyte lineage markers in patients with prolonged PFS. These findings are accompanied by downregulation of biliary fate, cell cycle progression and AKT pathway activity. Conclusion: Ivosidenib stimulates a hepatocyte differentiation program in mIDH1 IHCC, a phenotype associated with clinical benefit. mIDH1 inhibition could be a paradigm for differentiation-based therapy in solid tumors. Clinical trial registration: NCT02073994 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuko Ishii
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carlie Sigel
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maeve A Lowery
- Trinity St James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Liewen Jiang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Bin Wu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sung Choe
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Shelton SE, Nguyen HT, Barbie DA, Kamm RD. Engineering approaches for studying immune-tumor cell interactions and immunotherapy. iScience 2021; 24:101985. [PMID: 33490895 PMCID: PMC7808917 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes recent research that has advanced our understanding of the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using advanced 3D in vitro models and engineering approaches. The TME can hinder effective eradication of tumor cells by the immune system, but immunotherapy has been able to reverse this effect in some cases. However, patient-to-patient variability in response suggests that we require deeper understanding of the mechanistic interactions between immune and tumor cells to improve response and develop novel therapeutics. Reconstruction of the TME using engineered 3D models allows high-resolution observation of cell interactions while allowing control of conditions such as hypoxia, matrix stiffness, and flow. Moreover, patient-derived organotypic models are an emerging tool for prediction of drug efficacy. This review highlights the importance of modeling and understanding the immune TME and describes new tools for identifying new biological targets, drug testing, and strategies for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David A. Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Geng SK, Fu SM, Ma SH, Fu YP, Zhang HW. Tumor infiltrating neutrophil might play a major role in predicting the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:68. [PMID: 33446143 PMCID: PMC7809871 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was aimed to explore the predictive ability of tumor infiltrating neutrophil (TIN) in patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Furthermore, the significance of TIN’s dynamic change before and after NACT was investigated. Methods Between January 2004 and December 2017, a total of 133 patients with breast cancer who underwent NACT before surgery were enrolled in this retrospective cohort. Eighty-nine of them were able to get the core needle biopsy (CNB) samples and all the pathological samples after surgery were available. TIN was detected by immunohistochemical staining of CD66b. The optimal cut-off value was determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The association of clinicopathologic characteristics and chemotherapy efficiency was analyzed using X2 test or Fisher’s exact test or t-test as appropriate, and the prognostic significances were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Patients with higher TIN after NACT were confirmed to be significantly associated with worse prognosis (P = 0.002). After stratifying patients into two groups, high difference group was prone to have better chemotherapy efficiency (P < 0.001) and clinical outcome in both univariate (P = 0.002) and multivariate analyses (P = 0.003). Conclusions In this study, higher TIN after NACT was confirmed to be associated with breast cancer patients’ worse chemotherapy efficiency and shorter disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, the TIN’s dynamic change before and after NACT was firstly proved to be a more accurate predictive marker compared with TIN after NACT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07789-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shao-Mei Fu
- Department of Breast Surgeon, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shi-Hong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi-Peng Fu
- Department of Breast Surgeon, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Zhu H, Liu H, Zhu JH, Wang SY, Zhou SS, Kong M, Mao Q, Long F, Fang ZJ, Li SL. Efficacy of ginseng and its ingredients as adjuvants to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Food Funct 2021; 12:2225-2241. [PMID: 33595586 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03341c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng and its ingredients benefit the curative effects and alleviate the adverse reactions of chemotherapy during non-small cell lung cancer treatment.
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40
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Chen C, Lin W, Huang Y, Chen X, Wang H, Teng L. The Essential Factors of Establishing Patient-derived Tumor Model. J Cancer 2021; 12:28-37. [PMID: 33391400 PMCID: PMC7738839 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing an applicable preclinical model is vital for translational cancer research. Patient-derived xenograft has been important preclinical model systems and widely used for cancer research. Patient-derived xenograft models that represent the tumors of the patients are necessary to better translate research discoveries and to test potential therapeutic approaches. However, research in this field is hampered by the limited engraftment rate. In this review, we go over a large number of researches on patient-derived xenograft transplantation and firstly systematically summarize the main factors in methodology to successfully establish models. These results will be applied to the development of patient-derived xenograft leading to better preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhi Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wu Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiangliu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Radiological response to nivolumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter analysis of real-life practice. Eur J Radiol 2020; 135:109484. [PMID: 33383399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Immune-checkpoint inhibitors are effective in many advanced tumors. However, there is scarce information regarding the radiological response to these agents in hepatocellular carcinoma outside clinical trials. We aimed to describe the radiological response in a retrospective cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab and to analyze the radiological evolution according to tumor response at first post-treatment radiological assessment. METHODS We reviewed pre-treatment and post-treatment images (CT or MRI) obtained at different time-points in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with nivolumab outside clinical trials at seven Spanish centers, assessing the response according to RECIST 1.1 and iRECIST and registering atypical responses. We also analyzed the imaging findings on subsequent assessments according to tumor status on the first posttreatment imaging assessment. RESULTS From the 118 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with nivolumab, we finally analyzed data from 31 patients (71 % Child-Pugh A; 74 % BCLC-C). Median follow-up was 8.39 months [IQR 5.00-10.92]; median overall survival was 12.82 months (95 %CI 10.92-34.79). According to RECIST 1.1, the objective response rate was 16 % and according to iRECIST, the objective response rate was 22.6 %. Findings at the first post-treatment assessment varied, showing stable disease in 44.8 % of patients; findings during follow-up also varied widely, including 4 hyperprogressions and 3 pseudoprogressions. CONCLUSION Imaging findings during nivolumab treatment are heterogeneous between and within patients. Progression of disease does not always signify treatment failure, and surrogate end-points may not reflect survival outcomes, making the management of hepatocellular carcinoma patients under immunotherapy challenging.
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Costa LB, Queiroz MA, Barbosa FG, Nunes RF, Zaniboni EC, Ruiz MM, Jardim D, Gomes Marin JF, Cerri GG, Buchpiguel CA. Reassessing Patterns of Response to Immunotherapy with PET: From Morphology to Metabolism. Radiographics 2020; 41:120-143. [PMID: 33275541 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer demands precise evaluation and accurate and timely assessment of response to treatment. Imaging must be performed early during therapy to allow adjustments to the course of treatment. For decades, cross-sectional imaging provided these answers, showing responses to the treatment through changes in tumor size. However, with the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors, complex immune response patterns were revealed that have quickly highlighted the limitations of this approach. Patterns of response beyond tumor size have been recognized and include cystic degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage, and cavitation. Furthermore, new unique patterns of response have surfaced, like pseudoprogression and hyperprogression, while other patterns were shown to be deceptive, such as unconfirmed progressive disease. This evolution led to new therapeutic evaluation criteria adapted specifically for immunotherapy. Moreover, inflammatory adverse effects of the immune checkpoint blockade were identified, many of which were life threatening and requiring prompt intervention. Given complex concepts like tumor microenvironment and novel therapeutic modalities in the era of personalized medicine, increasingly sophisticated imaging techniques are required to address the intricate patterns of behavior of different neoplasms. Fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT has rapidly emerged as one such technique that spans both molecular biology and immunology. This imaging technique is potentially capable of identifying and tracking prognostic biomarkers owing to its combined use of anatomic and metabolic imaging, which enables it to characterize biologic processes in vivo. This tailored approach may provide whole-body quantification of the metabolic burden of disease, providing enhanced prediction of treatment response and improved detection of adverse events. ©RSNA, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa B Costa
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.B.C., M.A.Q., F.G.B., R.F.N., E.C.Z., M.M.R., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.) and Oncology (D.J.), Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, 01308-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.A.Q., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.)
| | - Marcelo A Queiroz
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.B.C., M.A.Q., F.G.B., R.F.N., E.C.Z., M.M.R., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.) and Oncology (D.J.), Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, 01308-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.A.Q., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.)
| | - Felipe G Barbosa
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.B.C., M.A.Q., F.G.B., R.F.N., E.C.Z., M.M.R., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.) and Oncology (D.J.), Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, 01308-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.A.Q., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.)
| | - Rafael F Nunes
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.B.C., M.A.Q., F.G.B., R.F.N., E.C.Z., M.M.R., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.) and Oncology (D.J.), Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, 01308-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.A.Q., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.)
| | - Elaine C Zaniboni
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.B.C., M.A.Q., F.G.B., R.F.N., E.C.Z., M.M.R., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.) and Oncology (D.J.), Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, 01308-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.A.Q., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.)
| | - Mariana Mazo Ruiz
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.B.C., M.A.Q., F.G.B., R.F.N., E.C.Z., M.M.R., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.) and Oncology (D.J.), Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, 01308-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.A.Q., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.)
| | - Denis Jardim
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.B.C., M.A.Q., F.G.B., R.F.N., E.C.Z., M.M.R., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.) and Oncology (D.J.), Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, 01308-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.A.Q., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.)
| | - Jose Flavio Gomes Marin
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.B.C., M.A.Q., F.G.B., R.F.N., E.C.Z., M.M.R., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.) and Oncology (D.J.), Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, 01308-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.A.Q., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.)
| | - Giovanni G Cerri
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.B.C., M.A.Q., F.G.B., R.F.N., E.C.Z., M.M.R., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.) and Oncology (D.J.), Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, 01308-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.A.Q., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.)
| | - Carlos A Buchpiguel
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.B.C., M.A.Q., F.G.B., R.F.N., E.C.Z., M.M.R., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.) and Oncology (D.J.), Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, 01308-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (M.A.Q., J.F.G.M., G.G.C., C.A.B.)
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Albany C, Fazal Z, Singh R, Bikorimana E, Adra N, Hanna NH, Einhorn LH, Perkins SM, Sandusky GE, Christensen BC, Keer H, Fang F, Nephew KP, Spinella MJ. A phase 1 study of combined guadecitabine and cisplatin in platinum refractory germ cell cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 10:156-163. [PMID: 33135391 PMCID: PMC7826483 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are cured with therapy based on cisplatin, although a clinically significant number of patients are refractory and die of progressive disease. Based on preclinical studies indicating that refractory testicular GCTs are hypersensitive to hypomethylating agents (HMAs), we conducted a phase I trial combining the next‐generation HMA guadecitabine (SGI‐110) with cisplatin in recurrent, cisplatin‐resistant GCT patients. Methods Patients with metastatic GCTs were treated for five consecutive days with guadecitabine followed by cisplatin on day 8, for a 28‐day cycle for up to six cycles. The primary endpoint was safety and toxicity including dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Results The number of patients enrolled was 14. The majority of patients were heavily pretreated. MTD was determined to be 30 mg/m2 guadecitabine followed by 100 mg/m2 cisplatin. The major DLTs were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Three patients had partial responses by RECIST criteria, two of these patients, including one with primary mediastinal disease, completed the study and qualified as complete responses by serum tumor marker criteria with sustained remissions of 5 and 13 months and survival of 16 and 26 months, respectively. The overall response rate was 23%. Three patients also had stable disease indicating a clinical benefit rate of 46%. Conclusions The combination of guadecitabine and cisplatin was tolerable and demonstrated activity in patients with platinum refractory germ cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantine Albany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and the Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and the Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Emmanuel Bikorimana
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and the Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nabil Adra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nasser H Hanna
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lawrence H Einhorn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Susan M Perkins
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George E Sandusky
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Harold Keer
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Michael J Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and the Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Porcu M, Solinas C, Mannelli L, Micheletti G, Lambertini M, Willard-Gallo K, Neri E, Flanders AE, Saba L. Radiomics and "radi-…omics" in cancer immunotherapy: a guide for clinicians. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 154:103068. [PMID: 32805498 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years the concept of precision medicine has become a popular topic particularly in medical oncology. Besides the identification of new molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers and the development of new targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs, imaging has started to play a central role in this new era. Terms such as "radiomics", "radiogenomics" or "radi…-omics" are becoming increasingly common in the literature and soon they will represent an integral part of clinical practice. The use of artificial intelligence, imaging and "-omics" data can be used to develop models able to predict, for example, the features of the tumor immune microenvironment through imaging, and to monitor the therapeutic response beyond the standard radiological criteria. The aims of this narrative review are to provide a simplified guide for clinicians to these concepts, and to summarize the existing evidence on radiomics and "radi…-omics" in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, AOU of Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Hospital Antonio Segni, Ozieri, SS, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Micheletti
- Department of Radiology, AOU of Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Adam E Flanders
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, AOU of Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Bisschop C, de Heer E, Brouwers A, Hospers G, Jalving M. Rational use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Liu W, Xiu N, Zhao J, Zhao L. Enhanced therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with radioactive I-125 seed implantation on liver cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2493-2498. [PMID: 32782568 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radioactive I-125 (iodine-125) seed implantation on liver cancer. A total of 38 liver cancer patients in the combined treatment group were treated with lobaplatin-TACE combined with radioactive I-125 seed implantation, while 45 patients in the TACE group were treated only with lobaplatin-TACE. Patients were followed up for survival time, and the liver function, change in α-fetoprotein (AFP) and side effects were evaluated. The average survival time of patients was 6.1 months in the TACE group and 8.2 months in the combined treatment group, and the overall survival was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). The response rate of lesions in the combined treatment group was superior to that observed in the TACE group, and the change in AFP in the TACE group was smaller than that in the combined treatment group. Improvement in the effects on most liver function indices in the combined treatment group were better than those in the TACE group. In addition, there were no differences in the side effects experienced between the two groups. Results of this study indicate that the effect of TACE combined with radioactive I-125 seed implantation is superior to that of TACE alone for the treatment of liver cancer, which can further benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Liu
- Department of Intervention Therapy, Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 265200, P.R. China
| | - Nanguang Xiu
- Department of Intervention Therapy, Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 265200, P.R. China
| | - Jinwei Zhao
- Department of Intervention Therapy, Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 265200, P.R. China
| | - Lianhao Zhao
- Department of Intervention Therapy, Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 265200, P.R. China
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Ramírez-Rentería C, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Marrero-Rodríguez D, Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Melgar-Manzanilla V, Mercado M. An Update on Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: From Mysteries to Paradigm Shifts. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:765-776. [PMID: 32654882 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) were once thought to be rare and mostly "benign" diseases, they are now being redefined in light of recently discovered molecular information. NENs constitute a spectrum of variably differentiated neoplasms, ranging from well-differentiated tumors with a protracted course over many years to very aggressive neuroendocrine carcinomas. Although the majority of NEN are non-functional lesions, some of these tumors, do produce a hormonal hypersecretion syndrome. Their reappraisal has led scientist to unveil previously unknown oncogenic pathways and connections that resulted in a new category in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and a revised version of the World Health Organization Classification (WHO 2018). Complex diseases like NEN require a multidisciplinary approach that includes the perspectives of endocrinologists, medical and surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, imaging specialists and pathologists. There are currently virtually thousands of ongoing trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of several molecular targeted therapies. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate recent information regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of NEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ramírez-Rentería
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas. Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aldo Ferreira-Hermosillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas. Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas. Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas. Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Virgilio Melgar-Manzanilla
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas. Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Moisés Mercado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas. Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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Drljevic-Nielsen A, Rasmussen F, Mains JR, Thorup K, Donskov F. Baseline blood volume identified by dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography as a new independent prognostic factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100829. [PMID: 32653813 PMCID: PMC7350156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preliminary data showed prognostic impact of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) identified Blood Volume (BV) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). BV as an independent prognostic factor remains to be assessed. Materials and Methods DCE-CT identified BV was prospectively quantified in patients with mRCC receiving first line therapies, adjusted for International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) individual features and treatments, and associated with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response (ORR), using Cox and logistic regression, respectively. Results 105 patients with mRCC were included. Median baseline BV was 32.87 mL × 100 g−1 (range 9.52 to 92.87 mL × 100 g−1). BV above median was associated with IMDC favorable risk category (P = 0.004), metastasis free interval ≥ 1 year (P = 0.007), male gender (P = 0.032), normal hemoglobin (P = 0.040) and normal neutrophils (P = 0.007), whereas low BV was associated with poor risk IMDC features (P < 0.05). Patients with high vs. low baseline BV had longer PFS (12.5 vs. 5.6 months, P = 0.015) and longer OS (42.2 vs. 22.4 months, P = 0.001), respectively. In multivariate analysis high baseline BV remained independent favorable for OS (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30–0.78, P = 0.003) and PFS (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.42–0.97, P = 0.036). BV as a continuous variable was also associated with OS in the multivariate analysis (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–1.00, P = 0.017). The estimated concordance index (c-index) was 0.688 using IMDC score and 0.701 when BV was added. Conclusions DCE-CT identified Blood Volume is a new, independent prognostic factor in mRCC, which may improve the prognostic accuracy of IMDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aska Drljevic-Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jill R Mains
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kennet Thorup
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frede Donskov
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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49
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Boers J, de Vries EFJ, Glaudemans AWJM, Hospers GAP, Schröder CP. Application of PET Tracers in Molecular Imaging for Breast Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:85. [PMID: 32627087 PMCID: PMC7335757 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful tool to visualize breast cancer characteristics. Nonetheless, implementation of PET imaging into cancer care is challenging, and essential steps have been outlined in the international "imaging biomarker roadmap." In this review, we identify hurdles and provide recommendations for implementation of PET biomarkers in breast cancer care, focusing on the PET tracers 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG), sodium [18F]-fluoride ([18F]-NaF), 16α-[18F]-fluoroestradiol ([18F]-FES), and [89Zr]-trastuzumab. RECENT FINDINGS Technical validity of [18F]-FDG, [18F]-NaF, and [18F]-FES is established and supported by international guidelines. However, support for clinical validity and utility is still pending for these PET tracers in breast cancer, due to variable endpoints and procedures in clinical studies. Assessment of clinical validity and utility is essential towards implementation; however, these steps are still lacking for PET biomarkers in breast cancer. This could be solved by adding PET biomarkers to randomized trials, development of imaging data warehouses, and harmonization of endpoints and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorianne Boers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geke A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina P Schröder
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Impact of ultra-low dose CT acquisition on semi-automated RECIST tool in the evaluation of malignant focal liver lesions. Diagn Interv Imaging 2020; 101:473-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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