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Tang YH, Leng JX, Yang G, Gao XD, Liu YS, Fujita M. Production of CA125 with Tn antigens using a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring system. J Biochem 2024; 176:23-34. [PMID: 38382634 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is a serum marker associated with ovarian cancer. Despite its widespread use, CA125 levels can also be elevated in benign conditions. Recent reports suggest that detecting serum CA125 that carries the Tn antigen, a truncated O-glycan containing only N-acetylgalactosamine on serine or threonine residues, can improve the specificity of ovarian cancer diagnosis. In this study, we engineered cells to express CA125 with a Tn antigen. To achieve this, we knocked out C1GALT1 and SLC35A1, genes encoding Core1 synthase and a transporter for cytidine-5'-monophospho-sialic acid respectively, in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. In ClGALT1-SLC35A1-knockout (KO) cells, the expression of the Tn antigen showed a significant increase, whereas the expression of the T antigen (galactose-β1,3-N-acetylgalactosamine on serine or threonine residues) was decreased. Due to the inefficient secretion of soluble CA125, we employed a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring system. This allowed for the expression of GPI-anchored CA125 on the cell surface of ClGALT1-SLC35A1-KO cells. Cells expressing high levels of GPI-anchored CA125 were then enriched through cell sorting. By knocking out the PGAP2 gene, the GPI-anchored form of CA125 was converted to a secretory form. Through the engineering of O-glycans and the use of a GPI-anchoring system, we successfully produced CA125 with Tn antigen modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-He Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ji-Xiong Leng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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2
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Gass DT, Quintero AV, Hatvany JB, Gallagher ES. Metal adduction in mass spectrometric analyses of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:615-659. [PMID: 36005212 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrates, and glycoconjugates are involved in many crucial biological processes, such as disease development, immune responses, and cell-cell recognition. Glycans and carbohydrates are known for the large number of isomeric features associated with their structures, making analysis challenging compared with other biomolecules. Mass spectrometry has become the primary method of structural characterization for carbohydrates, glycans, and glycoconjugates. Metal adduction is especially important for the mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates and glycans. Metal-ion adduction to carbohydrates and glycoconjugates affects ion formation and the three-dimensional, gas-phase structures. Herein, we discuss how metal-ion adduction impacts ionization, ion mobility, ion activation and dissociation, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. We also compare the use of different metals for these various techniques and highlight the value in using metals as charge carriers for these analyses. Finally, we provide recommendations for selecting a metal for analysis of carbohydrate adducts and describe areas for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren T Gass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Ana V Quintero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob B Hatvany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Elyssia S Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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3
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Gutierrez Reyes CD, Alejo-Jacuinde G, Perez Sanchez B, Chavez Reyes J, Onigbinde S, Mogut D, Hernández-Jasso I, Calderón-Vallejo D, Quintanar JL, Mechref Y. Multi Omics Applications in Biological Systems. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5777-5793. [PMID: 38921016 PMCID: PMC11202207 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional methodologies often fall short in addressing the complexity of biological systems. In this regard, system biology omics have brought invaluable tools for conducting comprehensive analysis. Current sequencing capabilities have revolutionized genetics and genomics studies, as well as the characterization of transcriptional profiling and dynamics of several species and sample types. Biological systems experience complex biochemical processes involving thousands of molecules. These processes occur at different levels that can be studied using mass spectrometry-based (MS-based) analysis, enabling high-throughput proteomics, glycoproteomics, glycomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics analysis. Here, we present the most up-to-date techniques utilized in the completion of omics analysis. Additionally, we include some interesting examples of the applicability of multi omics to a variety of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Alejo-Jacuinde
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance (IGCAST), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (G.A.-J.); (B.P.S.)
| | - Benjamin Perez Sanchez
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance (IGCAST), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (G.A.-J.); (B.P.S.)
| | - Jesus Chavez Reyes
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20392, Mexico; (J.C.R.); (I.H.-J.); (D.C.-V.); (J.L.Q.)
| | - Sherifdeen Onigbinde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Damir Mogut
- Department of Food Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Irma Hernández-Jasso
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20392, Mexico; (J.C.R.); (I.H.-J.); (D.C.-V.); (J.L.Q.)
| | - Denisse Calderón-Vallejo
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20392, Mexico; (J.C.R.); (I.H.-J.); (D.C.-V.); (J.L.Q.)
| | - J. Luis Quintanar
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20392, Mexico; (J.C.R.); (I.H.-J.); (D.C.-V.); (J.L.Q.)
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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4
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Bell RJ, Hage DS, Dodds ED. Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Glycopeptides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1208-1216. [PMID: 38713472 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common modification across living organisms and plays a central role in understanding biological systems and disease. Our ability to probe the gylcome has grown exponentially in the past several decades. However, further improvements to the analytical toolbox available to researchers would allow for increased capabilities to probe structure and function of biological systems and to improve disease treatment. This article applies the developing technique of two-dimensional Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to a glycoproteomic workflow for the standard glycoproteins coral tree lectin (CTL) and bovine ribonuclease B (BRB) to demonstrate its feasibility as a tool for glycoproteomic workflows. 2D infrared multiphoton dissociation and electron capture dissociation spectra of CTL reveal comparable structural information to their 1D counterparts, confirming the site of glycosylation and monosaccharide composition of the glycan. Spectra collected in 2D of BRB reveal correlation lines of fragment ion scans and vertical precursor ion scans for data collected using infrared multiphoton dissociation and diagonal cleavage lines for data collected by electron capture dissociation. The use of similar techniques for glycoproteomic analysis may prove valuable in instances where chromatographic separation is undesirable or quadrupole isolation is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bell
- Department of Chemistry and University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry and University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Eric D Dodds
- Department of Chemistry and University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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5
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Mitry MMA, Dallas ML, Boateng SY, Greco F, Osborn HMI. Selective activation of prodrugs in breast cancer using metabolic glycoengineering and the tetrazine ligation bioorthogonal reaction. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107304. [PMID: 38643563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing the selectivity of chemotherapies by converting them into prodrugs that can be activated at the tumour site decreases their side effects and allows discrimination between cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Herein, the use of metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) to selectively label MCF-7 breast cancer cells with tetrazine (Tz) activators for subsequent activation of prodrugs containing the trans-cyclooctene (TCO) moiety by a bioorthogonal reaction is demonstrated. Three novel Tz-modified monosaccharides, Ac4ManNTz 7, Ac4GalNTz 8, and Ac4SiaTz 16, were used for expression of the Tz activator within sialic-acid rich breast cancer cells' surface glycans through MGE. Tz expression on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) was evaluated versus the non-cancerous L929 fibroblasts showing a concentration-dependant effect and excellent selectivity with ≥35-fold Tz expression on the MCF-7 cells versus the non-cancerous L929 fibroblasts. Next, a novel TCO-N-mustard prodrug and a TCO-doxorubicin prodrug were analyzed in vitro on the Tz-bioengineered cells to probe our hypothesis that these could be activated via a bioorthogonal reaction. Selective prodrug activation and restoration of cytotoxicity were demonstrated for the MCF-7 breast cancer cells versus the non-cancerous L929 cells. Restoration of the parent drug's cytotoxicity was shown to be dependent on the level of Tz expression where the Ac4ManNTz 7 and Ac4GalNTz 8 derivatives (20 µM) lead to the highest Tz expression and full restoration of the parent drug's cytotoxicity. This work suggests the feasibility of combining MGE and tetrazine ligation for selective prodrug activation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna M A Mitry
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD. UK; Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Mark L Dallas
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD. UK.
| | - Samuel Y Boateng
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK.
| | - Francesca Greco
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD. UK.
| | - Helen M I Osborn
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD. UK.
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6
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Isaji T, Gu J. Novel regulatory mechanisms of N-glycan sialylation: Implication of integrin and focal adhesion kinase in the regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130617. [PMID: 38614280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialylation of glycoproteins, including integrins, is crucial in various cancers and diseases such as immune disorders. These modifications significantly impact cellular functions and are associated with cancer progression. Sialylation, catalyzed by specific sialyltransferases (STs), has traditionally been considered to be regulated at the mRNA level. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent research has expanded our understanding of sialylation, revealing ST activity changes beyond mRNA level variations. This includes insights into COPI vesicle formation and Golgi apparatus maintenance and identifying specific target proteins of STs that are not predictable through recombinant enzyme assays. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes that Golgi-associated pathways largely influence the regulation of STs. GOLPH3, GORAB, PI4K, and FAK have become critical elements in sialylation regulation. Some STs have been revealed to possess specificity for specific target proteins, suggesting the presence of additional, enzyme-specific regulatory mechanisms. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study enhances our understanding of the molecular interplay in sialylation regulation, mainly focusing on the role of integrin and FAK. It proposes a bidirectional system where sialylations might influence integrins and vice versa. The diversity of STs and their specific linkages offer new perspectives in cancer research, potentially broadening our understanding of cellular mechanisms and opening avenues for new therapeutic approaches in targeting sialylation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Isaji
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
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7
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Niveau C, Sosa Cuevas E, Saas P, Aspord C. Glycans in melanoma: Drivers of tumour progression but sweet targets to exploit for immunotherapy. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38742251 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation recently emerged as an unmissable hallmark of cancer progression in many cancers. In melanoma, there is growing evidence that the tumour 'glycocode' plays a major role in promoting cell proliferation, invasion, migration, but also dictates the nature of the immune infiltrate, which strongly affects immune cell function, and clinical outcome. Aberrant glycosylation patterns dismantle anti-tumour defence through interactions with lectins on immune cells, which are crucial to shape anti-tumour immunity but also to trigger immune evasion. The glycan/lectin axis represents a new immune subversion pathway that is exploited by melanoma to hijack immune cells and escape from immune control. In this review, we describe the glycosylation features of melanoma tumour cells, and further gather findings related to the role of glycosylation in melanoma tumour progression, deciphering in detail its impact on immunity. We also depict glycan-based strategies aiming at restoring a functional anti-tumour response in melanoma patients. Glycans/lectins emerge as key immune checkpoints with promising translational properties. Exploitation of these pathways could reshape potent anti-tumour immunity while impeding immunosuppressive circuits triggered by aberrant tumour glycosylation patterns, holding great promise for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Niveau
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
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8
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Yang Z, Hou Y, Grande G, Cho JH, Wang C, Shi Y, Zak J, Wan Y, Qin K, Liu D, Teijaro JR, Lerner RA, Wu P. Targeted desialylation and cytolysis of tumour cells by fusing a sialidase to a bispecific T-cell engager. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:499-512. [PMID: 38693431 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) bring together tumour cells and cytotoxic T cells by binding to specific cell-surface tumour antigens and T-cell receptors, and have been clinically successful for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Here we show that a BiTE-sialidase fusion protein enhances the susceptibility of solid tumours to BiTE-mediated cytolysis of tumour cells via targeted desialylation-that is, the removal of terminal sialic acid residues on glycans-at the BiTE-induced T-cell-tumour-cell interface. In xenograft and syngeneic mouse models of leukaemia and of melanoma and breast cancer, and compared with the parental BiTE molecules, targeted desialylation via the BiTE-sialidase fusion proteins enhanced the formation of immunological synapses, T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated tumour-cell cytolysis in the presence of the target antigen. The targeted desialylation of tumour cells may enhance the potency of therapies relying on T-cell engagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yingqin Hou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Geramie Grande
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yujie Shi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaroslav Zak
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yue Wan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ke Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Bakhit M, Fujii M. Bioinformatic Analysis of Gene Expression Related to Sialic Acid Biosynthesis in Patients With Medulloblastoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e59997. [PMID: 38854216 PMCID: PMC11162302 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sialic acid, a critical component for cell membrane integrity, undergoes complex biosynthesis involving enzymes like sialyltransferases (STs), impacting cancer progression. Aberrant sialylation by STs is implicated in cancer growth, invasion, and therapy resistance. Medulloblastoma (MB), a pediatric brain tumor with distinct subgroups and variable genetic alterations, poses uncertainty regarding the implications of sialylation. Methodology This study employs bioinformatic analyses on bulk and single-cell RNA-sequenced samples to explore atypical gene expressions linked to sialic acid metabolism in MB. A list of sialic biosynthesis-related genes was compiled using the STRING database. Data of MB samples from bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing were obtained from open-source repositories and were differentially analyzed, focusing on molecular subgroups (WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4). The study employed survival analyses, specifically Cox regression, to analyze the overall survival (OS) data obtained through bulk RNA sequencing. Results Thirty-eight genes/proteins related to sialic acid metabolism were identified. Differential expression analysis between WNT and Group 3 and WNT and Group 4 revealed significant differences in seven and eleven genes, respectively, with consistent ST6GAL2 expression disparities (false discovery rate [FDR] P-value < 0.01, log2FC > 0.58). Elevated ST6GAL2 expression correlated with improved OS, with mortality risk reductions ranging from 26% to 48% (P-value < 0.006, Bonferroni-corrected threshold). Conclusions Elevated ST6GAL2 expression correlated with improved OS in diverse MB sample subsets, suggesting potential mechanisms in inhibiting tumor progression and enhancing immune response, requiring experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masazumi Fujii
- Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, JPN
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10
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Arora K, Sherilraj PM, Abutwaibe KA, Dhruw B, Mudavath SL. Exploring glycans as vital biological macromolecules: A comprehensive review of advancements in biomedical frontiers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131511. [PMID: 38615867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the intricate landscape of glycans and glycoconjugates, unraveling their multifaceted roles across diverse biological dimensions. From influencing fundamental cellular processes such as signaling, recognition, and adhesion to exerting profound effects at the molecular and genetic levels, these complex carbohydrate structures emerge as linchpins in cellular functions and interactions. The structural diversity of glycoconjugates, which can be specifically classified into glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, underscores their importance in shaping the architecture of cells. Beyond their structural roles, these molecules also play key functions in facilitating cellular communication and modulating recognition mechanisms. Further, glycans and glycoconjugates prove invaluable as biomarkers in disease diagnostics, particularly in cancer, where aberrant glycosylation patterns offer critical diagnostic cues. Furthermore, the review explores their promising therapeutic applications, ranging from the development of glycan-based nanomaterials for precise drug delivery to innovative interventions in cancer treatment. This review endeavors to comprehensively explore the intricate functions of glycans and glycoconjugates, with the primary goal of offering valuable insights into their extensive implications in both health and disease. Encompassing a broad spectrum of biological processes, the focus of the review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the significant roles played by glycans and glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Arora
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - P M Sherilraj
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - K A Abutwaibe
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Bharti Dhruw
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Shyam Lal Mudavath
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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11
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Alvarez MRS, Moreno PG, Grijaldo-Alvarez SJB, Yadlapati A, Zhou Q, Narciso MP, Completo GC, Nacario RC, Rabajante JF, Heralde FM, Lebrilla CB. The effects of immortalization on the N-glycome and proteome of CDK4-transformed lung cancer cells. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae030. [PMID: 38579012 PMCID: PMC11041852 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological experiments are often conducted in vitro using immortalized cells due to their accessibility and ease of propagation compared to primary cells and live animals. However, immortalized cells may present different proteomic and glycoproteomic characteristics from the primary cell source due to the introduction of genes that enhance proliferation (e.g. CDK4) or enable telomere lengthening. To demonstrate the changes in phenotype upon CDK4-transformation, we performed LC-MS/MS glycomic and proteomic characterizations of a human lung cancer primary cell line (DTW75) and a CDK4-transformed cell line (GL01) derived from DTW75. We observed that the primary and CDK4-transformed cells expressed significantly different levels of sialylated, fucosylated, and sialofucosylated N-glycans. Specifically, the primary cells expressed higher levels of hybrid- and complex-type sialylated N-glycans, while CDK4-transformed cells expressed higher levels of complex-type fucosylated and sialofucosylated N-glycans. Further, we compared the proteomic differences between the cell lines and found that CDK4-transformed cells expressed higher levels of RNA-binding and adhesion proteins. Further, we observed that the CDK4-transformed cells changed N-glycosylation after 31 days in cell culture, with a decrease in high-mannose and increase in fucosylated, sialylated, and sialofucosylated N-glycans. Identifying these changes between primary and CDK4-transformed cells will provide useful insight when adapting cell lines that more closely resemble in vivo physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Russelle S Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Patrick Gabriel Moreno
- Molecular Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City, 1100, Philippines
| | - Sheryl Joyce B Grijaldo-Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Philippines
| | - Anirudh Yadlapati
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Qingwen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle P Narciso
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Philippines
| | - Gladys Cherisse Completo
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Philippines
| | - Ruel C Nacario
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Philippines
| | - Jomar F Rabajante
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Philippines
| | - Francisco M Heralde
- Molecular Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City, 1100, Philippines
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Group, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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12
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Koreeda T, Honda H. Identification of drug responsible glycogene signature in liver carcinoma from meta-analysis using RNA-seq data. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:133-149. [PMID: 38656600 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Glycans have attracted much attention in cancer therapeutic strategies, and cell surface proteins and lipids with glycans are known to be altered during the carcinogenic process. However, our understanding of how the glycogenes profile responds to drug stimulation remains incomplete. In this study, we search public databases for Sequence Read Archive data on drug-treated liver cancer cells, with the aim to comprehensively analyze the drug responses of glycogenes via bioinformatic meta-analysis. The study comprised 86 datasets, encompassing eight distinct liver cancer cell lines and 13 different drugs. Differentially expressed genes were quantified, and 399 glycogenes were identified. The glycogenes signature was then analyzed using bioinformatics methodologies. In the Protein-protein interaction network analysis, we identified drug-responsive glycogenes such as Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1, GDP-Mannose 4,6-Dehydratase, UDP-Glucose Ceramide Glucosyltransferase, and Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 4 as key glycan biomarkers. In the enrichment analysis using the pathway list of glycogenes, the results also demonstrated that drug stimulation resulted in alterations to glycopathway-related genes involved in several processes, namely O-Mannosylation, POMGNT2 Type, Capping, Heparan Sulfate Sulfation, and Glucuronidation pathways. These genes and pathways commonly exhibit variable expression across multiple liver cancer cells in response to the same drug, making them potential targets for new cancer therapies. In addition to their primary roles, drugs may also participate in the regulation of glycans. The insights from this study could pave the way for the development of liver cancer therapies that target the regulation of gene profiles involved in the biosynthesis of glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Koreeda
- Independent Researcher, Ikawadani-cho, 651-2113, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Honda
- Honda Biotech. Laboratory, Shimookamoto-cho, 329-1104, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi, Japan
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13
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Sun A, Liu T, Li Z, Meng S, Meng X, Li Z, Li Z. Iodosylbenzene-Promoted Glycosylation with Selenoglycosides: Application in One-Pot Glycosylation. Org Lett 2024; 26:2478-2482. [PMID: 38501865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A novel method for the glycosylation of selenoglycosides activated by iodosylbenzene was developed. The glycosylation reaction conditions were mild, fast, and efficient, with a high tolerance to diverse protecting groups and a wide substrate scope, which is advantageous for synthesizing complex glycosides. In addition, selenoglycosides were shown to be orthogonal to thioglycosides under the promotion of iodosylbenzene. Notably, a high yield of the poorly reactive glucuronidation reaction product was obtained by acetyl-protected selenoglycoside. Finally, the orthogonal one-pot synthesis of β-(1→6) oligoglucans demonstrated the usefulness of this method in oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhongtang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo 315832, P. R. China
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14
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Pinkeova A, Kosutova N, Jane E, Lorencova L, Bertokova A, Bertok T, Tkac J. Medical Relevance, State-of-the-Art and Perspectives of "Sweet Metacode" in Liquid Biopsy Approaches. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:713. [PMID: 38611626 PMCID: PMC11011756 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review briefly introduces readers to an area where glycomics meets modern oncodiagnostics with a focus on the analysis of sialic acid (Neu5Ac)-terminated structures. We present the biochemical perspective of aberrant sialylation during tumourigenesis and its significance, as well as an analytical perspective on the detection of these structures using different approaches for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We also provide a comparison to other established liquid biopsy approaches, and we mathematically define an early-stage cancer based on the overall prognosis and effect of these approaches on the patient's quality of life. Finally, some barriers including regulations and quality of clinical validations data are discussed, and a perspective and major challenges in this area are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pinkeova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (N.K.); (E.J.); (L.L.)
- Glycanostics, Ltd., Kudlakova 7, 841 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Natalia Kosutova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (N.K.); (E.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (N.K.); (E.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (N.K.); (E.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Glycanostics, Ltd., Kudlakova 7, 841 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (N.K.); (E.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (N.K.); (E.J.); (L.L.)
- Glycanostics, Ltd., Kudlakova 7, 841 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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15
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Thekke Veettil K, Jayaraman N. Lymph Node Targeting Mediated by Albumin Hitchhiking of Synthetic Tn Glycolipid Leads to Robust In Vivo Antibody Production. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304664. [PMID: 38533876 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Tn antigen is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, which is present prominently on the tumor cell surfaces and attracts an interest in vaccine development. This work demonstrates that a synthetic Tn antigen carrying glycoconjugate forms a complex with circulating albumin, delivers the antigen to lymph nodes (LNs), and leads to the efficient production of antibodies against the antigen. Synthetic Tn antigen glycoconjugate, possessing DSPE-PEG2000 linker and lipophilic moieties, undergoes micellization in PBS buffer. In the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), demicellization of the glycolipid occurs, with a rate constant of 0.18 min-1. In vitro studies show that the glycoconjugate binds preferentially to BSA in the presence of cells. Immunological assessments in mice models reveal the albumin-enabled delivery of the Tn glycoconjugate to antigen-presenting cells in the LNs, specifically leading to a robust humoral immune response. ELISA titers show superior binding, with a saturation dilution of 1:51 200 for Tn glycoconjugate, in comparison to that mediated by the Tn-BSA covalent conjugate with a saturation dilution of 1:6400. Immunohistochemical staining shows delivery of Tn glycoconjugate at the LNs, specifically at the subcapsular sinus and interfollicular areas. The work highlights the potential of albumin-mediated target delivery strategy for cancer immunotherapies.
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16
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Shi Y, Bashian EE, Hou Y, Wu P. Chemical immunology: Recent advances in tool development and applications. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:S2451-9456(24)00080-1. [PMID: 38508196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Immunology was one of the first biological fields to embrace chemical approaches. The development of new chemical approaches and techniques has provided immunologists with an impressive arsenal of tools to address challenges once considered insurmountable. This review focuses on advances at the interface of chemistry and immunobiology over the past two decades that have not only opened new avenues in basic immunological research, but also revolutionized drug development for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. These include chemical approaches to understand and manipulate antigen presentation and the T cell priming process, to facilitate immune cell trafficking and regulate immune cell functions, and therapeutic applications of chemical approaches to disease control and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eleanor E Bashian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yingqin Hou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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17
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Drogalin A, Monteiro LS, Alves MJ, Castro TG. Golgi α-mannosidase: opposing structures of Drosophila melanogaster and novel human model using molecular dynamics simulations and docking at different pHs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2714-2725. [PMID: 37158092 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2209184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The search for Golgi α-mannosidase II (GMII) potent and specific inhibitors has been a focus of many studies for the past three decades since this enzyme is a key target for cancer treatment. α-Mannosidases, such as those from Drosophila melanogaster or Jack bean, have been used as functional models of the human Golgi α-mannosidase II (hGMII) because mammalian mannosidases are difficult to purify and characterize experimentally. Meanwhile, computational studies have been seen as privileged tools able to explore assertive solutions to specific enzymes, providing molecular details of these macromolecules, their protonation states and their interactions. Thus, modelling techniques can successfully predict hGMII 3D structure with high confidence, speeding up the development of new hits. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster Golgi mannosidase II (dGMII) and a novel human model, developed in silico and equilibrated via molecular dynamics simulations, were both opposed for docking. Our findings highlight that the design of novel inhibitors should be carried out considering the human model's characteristics and the enzyme operating pH. A reliable model is evidenced, showing a good correlation between Ki/IC50 experimental data and theoretical ΔGbinding estimations in GMII, opening the possibility of optimizing the rational drug design of new derivatives.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Drogalin
- Chemistry Centre, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís S Monteiro
- Chemistry Centre, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria José Alves
- Chemistry Centre, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Tarsila G Castro
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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18
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Hoshi RA, Plavša B, Liu Y, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Cummings RD, Gudelj I, Lauc G, Demler OV, Mora S. N-Glycosylation Profiles of Immunoglobulin G and Future Cardiovascular Events. Circ Res 2024; 134:e3-e14. [PMID: 38348651 PMCID: PMC10923145 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttranslational glycosylation of IgG can modulate its inflammatory capacity through structural variations. We examined the association of baseline IgG N-glycans and an IgG glycan score with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS IgG N-glycans were measured in 2 nested CVD case-control studies: JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin; NCT00239681; primary prevention; discovery; Npairs=162); and TNT trial (Treating to New Targets; NCT00327691; secondary prevention; validation; Npairs=397). Using conditional logistic regression, we investigated the association of future CVD with baseline IgG N-glycans and a glycan score adjusting for clinical risk factors (statin treatment, age, sex, race, lipids, hypertension, and smoking) in JUPITER. Significant associations were validated in TNT, using a similar model further adjusted for diabetes. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, an IgG glycan score was derived in JUPITER as a linear combination of selected IgG N-glycans. RESULTS Six IgG N-glycans were associated with CVD in both studies: an agalactosylated glycan (IgG-GP4) was positively associated, while 3 digalactosylated glycans (IgG glycan peaks 12, 13, 14) and 2 monosialylated glycans (IgG glycan peaks 18, 20) were negatively associated with CVD after multiple testing correction (overall false discovery rate <0.05). Four selected IgG N-glycans comprised the IgG glycan score, which was associated with CVD in JUPITER (adjusted hazard ratio per glycan score SD, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.52-2.84]) and validated in TNT (adjusted hazard ratio per SD, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.03-1.39]). The area under the curve changed from 0.693 for the model without the score to 0.728 with the score in JUPITER (PLRT=1.1×10-6) and from 0.635 to 0.637 in TNT (PLRT=0.017). CONCLUSIONS An IgG N-glycan profile was associated with incident CVD in 2 populations (primary and secondary prevention), involving an agalactosylated glycan associated with increased risk of CVD, while several digalactosylated and sialylated IgG glycans associated with decreased risk. An IgG glycan score was positively associated with future CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela A. Hoshi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Branimir Plavša
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert J. Glynn
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga V. Demler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Computer Science Department, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Jiang Y, Liu J, Chen L, Qian Z, Zhang Y. A promising target for breast cancer: B7-H3. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:182. [PMID: 38326735 PMCID: PMC10848367 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second-leading factor of mortality for women globally and is brought on by a variety of genetic and environmental causes. The conventional treatments for this disease have limitations, making it difficult to improve the lifespan of breast cancer patients. As a result, extensive research has been conducted over the past decade to find innovative solutions to these challenges. Targeting of the antitumor immune response through the immunomodulatory checkpoint protein B7 family has revolutionized cancer treatment and led to intermittent patient responses. B7-H3 has recently received attention because of its significant demodulation and its immunomodulatory effects in many cancers. Uncontrolled B7-H3 expression and a bad outlook are strongly associated, according to a substantial body of cancer research. Numerous studies have shown that BC has significant B7-H3 expression, and B7-H3 induces an immune evasion phenotype, consequently enhancing the survival, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of BC cells. Thus, an innovative target for immunotherapy against BC may be the B7-H3 checkpoint.In this review, we discuss the structure and regulation of B7-H3 and its double costimulatory/coinhibitory function within the framework of cancer and normal physiology. Then we expound the malignant behavior of B7-H3 in BC and its role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and finally focus on targeted drugs against B7-H3 that have opened new therapeutic opportunities in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Zhiwen Qian
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China.
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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20
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Chen NY, Lin CW, Lai TY, Wu CY, Liao PC, Hsu TL, Wong CH. Increased expression of SSEA-4 on TKI-resistant non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR-T790M mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313397121. [PMID: 38252815 PMCID: PMC10835044 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313397121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major life-threatening disease accounting for 85% of all lung cancer cases, has been treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but often resulted in drug resistance, and approximately 60% of TKI-resistant cases are due to acquired secondary (epithelial growth factor receptor) EGFR-T790M mutation. To identify alternative targets for TKI-resistant NSCLC with EGFR-T790M mutation, we found that the three globo-series glycosphingolipids are increasingly expressed on this type of NSCLC cell lines, and among them, the increase of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) expression is the most significant. Compared to TKI-sensitive cell lines, SSEA-4 and the key enzyme β3GalT5 responsible for the synthesis of SSEA3 are more expressed in TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines with EGFR-T790M mutation, and the expression levels strongly correlate with poor survival in patients with EGFR mutation. In addition, we demonstrated that a SSEA-4 targeted monoclonal antibody, especially the homogeneous glycoform with well-defined Fc glycan designed to improve effective functions, is highly effective against this subpopulation of NSCLC in cell-based and animal studies. These findings provide a direction for the prediction of tumor recurrence and treatment of TKI-resistant NSCLC with EGFR-T790M mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Yu Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung406040, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung406040, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yen Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Liao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung406040, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
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21
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Abikhodr AH, Warnke S, Ben Faleh A, Rizzo TR. Combining Liquid Chromatography and Cryogenic IR Spectroscopy in Real Time for the Analysis of Oligosaccharides. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1462-1467. [PMID: 38211954 PMCID: PMC10831784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
While the combination of liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) serves as a robust approach for oligosaccharide analysis, it has difficulty distinguishing the smallest differences between isomers. The integration of infrared (IR) spectroscopy within a mass spectrometer as an additional analytical dimension can effectively address this limitation by providing a molecular fingerprint that is unique to each isomer. However, the direct interfacing of LC-MS with IR spectroscopy presents a technical challenge arising from the mismatch in the operational time scale of each method. In previous studies, this temporal incompatibility was mitigated by employing strategies designed to slow down or broaden the LC elution peaks of interest, but this workaround is applicable only for a few species at a time, necessitating multiple LC runs for comprehensive analysis. In the current work, we directly couple LC with cryogenic IR spectroscopy by acquiring a spectrum in as little as 10 s. This allows us to generate an orthogonal data dimension for molecular identification in the same amount of time that it normally takes for LC analysis. We successfully demonstrate this approach on a commercially available human milk oligosaccharide product, acquiring spectral information on the eluting peaks in real time and using it to identify both the specified constituents and nonspecified product impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Abikhodr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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He M, Wang L, Yue Z, Feng C, Dai G, Jiang J, Huang H, Ji Q, Zhou M, Li D, Chai W. Development and validation of glycosyltransferase related-gene for the diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1750-1766. [PMID: 38244579 PMCID: PMC10866440 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer characterized by difficulties in early diagnosis and outcome prediction. Aberrant glycosylated structures produced by the aberrant expression of glycosyltransferases are prevalent in HNSCC. In this study, we aim to construct glycosyltransferase-related gene signatures with diagnostic and prognostic value to better stratify patients with HNSCC and improve their diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS Bioinformatic tools were used to process data of patients with HNSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The prognostic model was formatted using univariate and multivariate Cox regression methods, while the diagnostic signature was constructed using support vector machine (SVM) and LASSO analysis. The results were verified using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. The tumor microenvironment and benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in subgroups defined by glycosyltransferase-related genes were analyzed. Molecular biology experiments, including western blotting, cell counting kit (CCK)-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays, were conducted to confirm the oncogenic function of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 (B4GALT3) in HNSCC. RESULTS We established a five-gene prognostic signature and a 15-gene diagnostic model. Based on the median risk score, patients with low risk had longer overall survival than those in the high-risk group, which was consistent with the results of the GEO cohort. The concrete results suggested that high-risk samples were related to a high tumor protein (TP)53 mutation rate, high infiltration of resting memory cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells, resting natural killer (NK) cells, and M0 macrophages, and benefited from ICI therapy. In contrast, the low-risk subgroup was associated with a low TP53 mutation rate; and high infiltration of naive B cells, plasma cells, CD8 T cells, and resting mast cells; and benefited less from ICI therapy. In addition, the diagnostic model had an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.997 and 0.978 in the training dataset and validation cohort, respectively, indicating the high diagnostic potential of the model. Ultimately, the depletion of B4GALT3 significantly hindered the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HNSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS We established two new biomarkers that could provide clinicians with diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment guidance for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Zihan Yue
- Second Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Chunbo Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Guosheng Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Jinsong Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Qingjun Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Minglang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Chai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou 236000, Anhui, China
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23
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Wallace EN, West CA, McDowell CT, Lu X, Bruner E, Mehta AS, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Angel PM, Drake RR. An N-glycome tissue atlas of 15 human normal and cancer tissue types determined by MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:489. [PMID: 38177192 PMCID: PMC10766640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is an abundant post-translational modification of most cell-surface proteins. N-glycans play a crucial role in cellular functions like protein folding, protein localization, cell-cell signaling, and immune detection. As different tissue types display different N-glycan profiles, changes in N-glycan compositions occur in tissue-specific ways with development of disease, like cancer. However, no comparative atlas resource exists for documenting N-glycome alterations across various human tissue types, particularly comparing normal and cancerous tissues. In order to study a broad range of human tissue N-glycomes, N-glycan targeted MALDI imaging mass spectrometry was applied to custom formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays. These encompassed fifteen human tissue types including bladder, breast, cervix, colon, esophagus, gastric, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, prostate, sarcoma, skin, thyroid, and uterus. Each array contained both normal and tumor cores from the same pathology block, selected by a pathologist, allowing more in-depth comparisons of the N-glycome differences between tumor and normal and across tissue types. Using established MALDI-IMS workflows and existing N-glycan databases, the N-glycans present in each tissue core were spatially profiled and peak intensity data compiled for comparative analyses. Further structural information was determined for core fucosylation using endoglycosidase F3, and differentiation of sialic acid linkages through stabilization chemistry. Glycan structural differences across the tissue types were compared for oligomannose levels, branching complexity, presence of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine, fucosylation, and sialylation. Collectively, our research identified the N-glycans that were significantly increased and/or decreased in relative abundance in cancer for each tissue type. This study offers valuable information on a wide scale for both normal and cancerous tissues, serving as a reference for future studies and potential diagnostic applications of MALDI-IMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Wallace
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Connor A West
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Colin T McDowell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Evelyn Bruner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | - Peggi M Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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24
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Lee CH, Park S, Kim S, Hyun JY, Lee HS, Shin I. Engineering of cell-surface receptors for analysis of receptor internalization and detection of receptor-specific glycosylation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:555-565. [PMID: 38179521 PMCID: PMC10762726 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cell-surface glycoprotein that is involved mainly in cell proliferation. Overexpression of this receptor is intimately related to the development of a broad spectrum of tumors. In addition, glycans linked to the EGFR are known to affect its EGF-induced activation. Because of the pathophysiological significance of the EGFR, we prepared a fluorescently labeled EGFR (EGFR128-AZDye 488) on the cell surface by employing the genetic code expansion technique and bioorthogonal chemistry. EGFR128-AZDye 488 was initially utilized to investigate time-dependent endocytosis of the EGFR in live cells. The results showed that an EGFR inhibitor and antibody suppress endocytosis of the EGFR promoted by the EGF, and that lectins recognizing glycans of the EGFR do not enhance EGFR internalization into cells. Observations made in studies of the effects of appended glycans on the entry of the EGFR into cells indicate that a de-sialylated or de-fucosylated EGFR is internalized into cells more efficiently than a wild-type EGFR. Furthermore, by using the FRET-based imaging method of cells which contain an EGFR linked to AZDye 488 (a FRET donor) and cellular glycans labeled with rhodamine (a FRET acceptor), sialic acid residues attached to the EGFR were specifically detected on the live cell surface. Taken together, the results suggest that a fluorescently labeled EGFR will be a valuable tool in studies aimed at gaining an understanding of cellular functions of the EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sookil Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggil Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
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25
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Venkatakrishnan V, Thomsson KA, Padra M, Andersson A, Brundin B, Christenson K, Bylund J, Karlsson NG, Lindén A, Lindén SK. Protein N-glycosylation in the bronchoalveolar space differs between never-smokers and long-term smokers with and without COPD. Glycobiology 2023; 33:1128-1138. [PMID: 37656214 PMCID: PMC10876041 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) kills millions of people annually and patients suffering from exacerbations of this disorder display high morbidity and mortality. The clinical course of COPD is associated with dysbiosis and infections, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Glycosylation of proteins play roles in regulating interactions between microbes and immune cells, and knowledge on airway glycans therefore contribute to the understanding of infections. Furthermore, glycans have biomarker potential for identifying smokers with enhanced risk for developing COPD as well as COPD subgroups. Here, we characterized the N-glycosylation in the lower airways of healthy never-smokers (HNS, n = 5) and long-term smokers (LTS) with (LTS+, n = 4) and without COPD (LTS-, n = 8). Using mass spectrometry, we identified 57 highly confident N-glycan structures whereof 38 oligomannose, complex, and paucimannose type glycans were common to BAL samples from HNS, LTS- and LTS+ groups. Hybrid type N-glycans were identified only in the LTS+ group. Qualitatively and quantitatively, HNS had lower inter-individual variation between samples compared to LTS- or LTS+. Cluster analysis of BAL N-glycosylation distinguished LTS from HNS. Correlation analysis with clinical parameters revealed that complex N-glycans were associated with health and absence of smoking whereas oligomannose N-glycans were associated with smoking and disease. The N-glycan profile from monocyte-derived macrophages differed from the BAL N-glycan profiles. In conclusion, long-term smokers display substantial alterations of N-glycosylation in the bronchoalveolar space, and the hybrid N-glycans identified only in long-term smokers with COPD deserve to be further studied as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina A Thomsson
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Médea Padra
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Andersson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 3, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bettina Brundin
- Division of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 12F, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 12F, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Division of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska Severe COPD Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Eugeniavägen 3, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara K Lindén
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Lobo E, Bajagai YS, Kayal A, Ramirez S, Nikolić A, Valientes R, Stanley D. Precision Glycan Supplementation Improves Gut Microbiota Diversity, Performance, and Disease Outbreak Resistance in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:32. [PMID: 38200763 PMCID: PMC10778076 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry contributes significantly to the global meat industry but faces many production challenges like high-density housing, welfare issues, and pathogenic infections. While antibiotics have commonly been used to treat many of these issues, they are being removed from poultry production globally due to increased microbial resistance. Precision glycans offer a viable alternative to antibiotics by modulating microbial metabolic pathways. In this study, we investigated the effects of precision glycan supplementation on productivity and gut microbiota in broilers. The experiment was conducted in a commercial setting using 32,400 male Ross chickens randomly divided into three sheds with 10,800 birds each. One shed with 12 pen replicates of 900 birds was used as control, while the other two with an equal number of replicates and birds were assigned to precision glycan supplementation. The treatment significantly improved the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, with a significant modification in the abundance of several bacterial taxa in the caecum, ileum, and ileum mucosa microbial communities. There was increased richness and diversity in the caecum, with a reduction in Proteobacteria and an increase in Firmicutes. Richness remained unchanged in the ileum, with an increase in diversity and reduction in pathogenic genera like Clostridium and Escherichia-Shigella. Ileum mucosa showed a lower abundance of mucin degraders and an increased presence of next-generation probiotics. Supplemented birds showed a high level of disease resistance when the farm experienced an outbreak of infectious bronchitis, evidenced by lower mortality. Histological analysis confirmed improvements in the ileum and liver health, where the precision glycan supplementation reduced the area of congested sinusoids compared to the control group in the liver and significantly improved ileum intestinal morphology by increasing crypt depth and surface area. These results collectively suggest that precision glycans offer substantial benefits in poultry production by improving productivity, gut health, and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lobo
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (E.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Yadav S. Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (E.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Advait Kayal
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (E.L.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Anja Nikolić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | | | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (E.L.); (A.K.)
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27
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Dam TK, Brewer CF. Multivalent lectin-carbohydrate interactions: Energetics and mechanisms of binding. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2023; 84:23-48. [PMID: 37979978 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The biological signaling properties of lectins, which are carbohydrate-binding proteins, are due to their ability to bind and cross-link multivalent glycoprotein receptors on the surface of normal and transformed cells. While the cross-linking properties of lectins with multivalent carbohydrates and glycoproteins are relatively well understood, the mechanisms of binding of lectins to multivalent glycoconjugates are less well understood. Recently, the thermodynamics of binding of lectins to synthetic clustered glycosides, a multivalent globular glycoprotein, and to linear glycoproteins (mucins) have been described. The results are consistent with a dynamic binding mechanism in which lectins bind and jump from carbohydrate to carbohydrate epitope in these molecules. Importantly, the mechanism of binding of lectins to mucins is similar to that for a variety of protein ligands binding to DNA. Recent analysis also shows that high-affinity lectin-mucin cross-linking interactions are driven by favorable entropy of binding that is associated with the bind and jump mechanism. The results suggest that the binding of ligands to biopolymers, in general, may involve a common mechanism that involves enhanced entropic effects which facilitate binding and subsequent complex formation including enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun K Dam
- Formerly of the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - C Fred Brewer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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28
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Nejatie A, Yee SS, Jeter A, Saragovi HU. The cancer glycocode as a family of diagnostic biomarkers, exemplified by tumor-associated gangliosides. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1261090. [PMID: 37954075 PMCID: PMC10637394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1261090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One unexploited family of cancer biomarkers comprise glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and glycolipids (the Tumor Glycocode).A class of glycolipid cancer biomarkers, the tumor-marker gangliosides (TMGs) are presented here as potential diagnostics for detecting cancer, especially at early stages, as the biological function of TMGs makes them etiological. We propose that a quantitative matrix of the Cancer Biomarker Glycocode and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms will expand the menu of validated cancer biomarkers as a step to resolve some of the challenges in cancer diagnosis, and yield a combination that can identify a specific cancer, in a tissue-agnostic manner especially at early stages, to enable early intervention. Diagnosis is critical to reducing cancer mortality but many cancers lack efficient and effective diagnostic tests, especially for early stage disease. Ideal diagnostic biomarkers are etiological, samples are preferably obtained via non-invasive methods (e.g. liquid biopsy of blood or urine), and are quantitated using assays that yield high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for efficient diagnosis, prognosis, or predicting response to therapy. Validated biomarkers with these features are rare. While the advent of proteomics and genomics has led to the identification of a multitude of proteins and nucleic acid sequences as cancer biomarkers, relatively few have been approved for clinical use. The use of multiplex arrays and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms offer the option of combining data of known biomarkers; however, for most, the sensitivity and the specificity are below acceptable criteria, and clinical validation has proven difficult. One strategic solution to this problem is to expand the biomarker families beyond those currently exploited. One unexploited family of cancer biomarkers comprise glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and glycolipids (the Tumor Glycocode). Here, we focus on a family of glycolipid cancer biomarkers, the tumor-marker gangliosides (TMGs). We discuss the diagnostic potential of TMGs for detecting cancer, especially at early stages. We include prior studies from the literature to summarize findings for ganglioside quantification, expression, detection, and biological function and its role in various cancers. We highlight the examples of TMGs exhibiting ideal properties of cancer diagnostic biomarkers, and the application of GD2 and GD3 for diagnosis of early stage cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. We propose that a quantitative matrix of the Cancer Biomarker Glycocode and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms will expand the menu of validated cancer biomarkers as a step to resolve some of the challenges in cancer diagnosis, and yield a combination that can identify a specific cancer, in a tissue-agnostic manner especially at early stages, to enable early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nejatie
- Center for Translational Research, Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samantha S. Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Horacio Uri Saragovi
- Center for Translational Research, Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ophthalmology and Vision Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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29
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Pinho SS, Alves I, Gaifem J, Rabinovich GA. Immune regulatory networks coordinated by glycans and glycan-binding proteins in autoimmunity and infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1101-1113. [PMID: 37582971 PMCID: PMC10541879 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is coordinated by an intricate network of stimulatory and inhibitory circuits that regulate host responses against endogenous and exogenous insults. Disruption of these safeguard and homeostatic mechanisms can lead to unpredictable inflammatory and autoimmune responses, whereas deficiency of immune stimulatory pathways may orchestrate immunosuppressive programs that contribute to perpetuate chronic infections, but also influence cancer development and progression. Glycans have emerged as essential components of homeostatic circuits, acting as fine-tuners of immunological responses and potential molecular targets for manipulation of immune tolerance and activation in a wide range of pathologic settings. Cell surface glycans, present in cells, tissues and the extracellular matrix, have been proposed to serve as "self-associated molecular patterns" that store structurally relevant biological data. The responsibility of deciphering this information relies on different families of glycan-binding proteins (including galectins, siglecs and C-type lectins) which, upon recognition of specific carbohydrate structures, can recalibrate the magnitude, nature and fate of immune responses. This process is tightly regulated by the diversity of glycan structures and the establishment of multivalent interactions on cell surface receptors and the extracellular matrix. Here we review the spatiotemporal regulation of selected glycan-modifying processes including mannosylation, complex N-glycan branching, core 2 O-glycan elongation, LacNAc extension, as well as terminal sialylation and fucosylation. Moreover, we illustrate examples that highlight the contribution of these processes to the control of immune responses and their integration with canonical tolerogenic pathways. Finally, we discuss the power of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as a source of immunomodulatory signals that could be leveraged for the treatment of autoimmune inflammation and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé S Pinho
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Alves
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Gaifem
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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30
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Baron RI, Biliuta G, Macsim AM, Dinu MV, Coseri S. Chemistry of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Oxidized by Two Selective Oxidants. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3930. [PMID: 37835978 PMCID: PMC10574994 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with the increased usage of cellulose in the manufacture of novel materials, those of its derivatives that have good solubility in water or organic solvents have become increasingly important. In this study, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a cellulosic derivative with distinct features, was utilized to investigate how two of the most-selective oxidation methods currently available in the literature act on the constituent OH groups of both the side chain and the anhydroglycosidic unit in HPC. The oxidation reactions were carried out first using TEMPO, sodium hypochlorite, and sodium bromide, then sodium periodate (NaIO4), for 5 h. A combination of these two protocols was applied. The amount of aldehyde and number of carboxylic groups introduced after oxidation was determined, while the changes in the morphological features of oxidized HPC were, additionally, assessed. Furthermore, utilizing Fourier-transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric studies, the chemical structure, crystallinity, and thermal stability of the oxidized HPC samples were examined and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ioana Baron
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41 A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (G.B.); (M.V.D.)
| | | | | | | | - Sergiu Coseri
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41 A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (G.B.); (M.V.D.)
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31
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Wei X, Wang P, Liu F, Ye X, Xiong D. Drug Discovery Based on Fluorine-Containing Glycomimetics. Molecules 2023; 28:6641. [PMID: 37764416 PMCID: PMC10536126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycomimetics, which are synthetic molecules designed to mimic the structures and functions of natural carbohydrates, have been developed to overcome the limitations associated with natural carbohydrates. The fluorination of carbohydrates has emerged as a promising solution to dramatically enhance the metabolic stability, bioavailability, and protein-binding affinity of natural carbohydrates. In this review, the fluorination methods used to prepare the fluorinated carbohydrates, the effects of fluorination on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of natural sugars, and the biological activities of fluorinated sugars are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, No. 161, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi 046012, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Fen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinshan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Decai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
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Liu J, Cheng B, Fan X, Zhou X, Wang J, Zhou W, Li H, Zeng W, Yang P, Chen X. Click-iG: Simultaneous Enrichment and Profiling of Intact N-linked, O-GalNAc, and O-GlcNAcylated Glycopeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303410. [PMID: 37431278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are ubiquitously modified with glycans of varied chemical structures through distinct glycosidic linkages, making the landscape of protein glycosylation challenging to map. Profiling of intact glycopeptides with mass spectrometry (MS) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for revealing matched information of the glycosylation sites and attached glycans (i.e., intact glycosites), but is largely limited to individual glycosylation types. Herein, we describe Click-iG, which integrates metabolic labeling of glycans with clickable unnatural sugars, an optimized MS method, and a tailored version of pGlyco3 software to enable simultaneous enrichment and profiling of three types of intact glycopeptides: N-linked, mucin-type O-linked, and O-GlcNAcylated glycopeptides. We demonstrate the utility of Click-iG by the identification of thousands of intact glycosites in cell lines and living mice. From the mouse lung, heart, and spleen, a total of 2053 intact N-glycosites, 262 intact O-GalNAc glycosites, and 1947 O-GlcNAcylation sites were identified. Click-iG-enabled comprehensive coverage of the protein glycosylation landscape lays the foundation for interrogating crosstalk between different glycosylation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinqi Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hengyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Sun Z, Yan W, Xie L, Liu W, Xu C, Chen FE. A Robust Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Glycosyl Thiosulfonate and Boronic Acids Enables the Construction of Thioglycosides. Org Lett 2023; 25:5714-5718. [PMID: 37530179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and stereoretentive copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of glycosyl thiosulfonate and boronic acid for the construction of thioglycosides is described. The good functional group compatibility of this method allows the preparation of many bioactive aryl/alkenyl thioglycosides, including the hSGLT1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyao Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Weitao Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lihuang Xie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Chunfa Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Qiu P, Chen X, Xiao C, Zhang M, Wang H, Wang C, Li D, Liu J, Chen Y, Liu L, Zhao Q. Emerging glyco-risk prediction model to forecast response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6411-6434. [PMID: 36757621 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications leading to heterogeneity in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to construct a risk prediction model based on glycosyltransferase to forecast the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in CRC patients. METHODS Based on the TCGA dataset and glycosyltransferase genes, the NMF algorithm and WGCNA were used to identify molecular subtypes and co-expressed genes, respectively. Lasso and multivariate COX regression were used to identify prognostic glycosyltransferase genes and construct a glyco-risk prediction model in CRC patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier, and ROC curves were applied to further verify the prognostic performance of the model in CRC patients in the training and validation sets. We compared the responsiveness of immunotherapy and chemotherapy between the two groups. In vitro experiments and clinical specimens verified the specific function of the key glycosyltransferase genes in CRC. RESULTS The CRC cohort was divided into two subtypes with prominent differences in survival based on the well-robust seven-gene glyco-risk prediction model (composed of ALG1L2, HAS1, PYGL, COLGALT2, B3GNT4, POFUT2, and GALNT7). The nomograms based on the risk model could predict the prognosis of CRC patients independently of other clinicopathologic characteristics. Our prediction model showed a better overall prediction performance than other models. Compared with the low-risk group, the high-risk CRC patients showed a lower immune infiltration state, but a higher TMB and a lower response to anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Clinical specimen validation showed an obvious difference in the expression of seven glycosyltransferase genes between the low- and high-risk groups. Significant reduction in POFUT2 expression in high-risk groups was associated with reduced N-glycans production. CONCLUSION Our study constructed a robust glyco-risk prediction model that could provide direction for immunotherapy and chemotherapy in CRC patients, which could help clinicians make personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Daojiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Tomisch J, Busse V, Rosato F, Makshakova ON, Salavei P, Kittel AS, Gillon E, Lataster L, Imberty A, Meléndez AV, Römer W. A Shiga Toxin B-Subunit-Based Lectibody Boosts T Cell Cytotoxicity towards Gb3-Positive Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1896. [PMID: 37508560 PMCID: PMC10378424 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation plays a crucial role in tumour progression and invasiveness. Tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent a valuable set of targets for immunotherapeutic approaches. The poor immunogenicity of glycan structures, however, requires a more effective and well-directed way of targeting TACAs on the surface of cancer cells than antibodies. The glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) is a well-established TACA present in a multitude of cancer types. Its overexpression has been linked to metastasis, invasiveness, and multidrug resistance. In the present study, we propose to use a dimeric fragment of the Shiga toxin B-subunit (StxB) to selectively target Gb3-positive cancer cells in a StxB-scFv UCHT1 lectibody. The lectibody, comprised of a lectin and the UCHT1 antibody fragment, was produced in E. coli and purified via Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Specificity of the lectibody towards Gb3-positive cancer cell lines and specificity towards the CD3 receptor on T cells, was assessed using flow cytometry. We evaluated the efficacy of the lectibody in redirecting T cell cytotoxicity towards Gb3-overexpressing cancer cells in luciferase-based cytotoxicity in vitro assays. The StxB-scFv UCHT1 lectibody has proven specific for Gb3 and could induce the killing of up to 80% of Gb3-overexpressing cancer cells in haemorrhagic and solid tumours. The lectibody developed in this study, therefore, highlights the potential that lectibodies and lectins in general have for usage in immunotherapeutic approaches to boost the efficacy of established cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tomisch
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Busse
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Rosato
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga N Makshakova
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Kazan Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Pavel Salavei
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Core Facility Signalling Factory & Robotics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophia Kittel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emilie Gillon
- CNRS, CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Levin Lataster
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- CNRS, CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ana Valeria Meléndez
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Lai YH, Leung W, Chang PH, Zhou WX, Wang YS. Structural identification of carbohydrate isomers using ambient infrared-assisted dissociation. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1264:341307. [PMID: 37230717 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Informative dissociation of carbohydrates using an infrared (IR) irradiation system is demonstrated under ambient conditions without the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer. Structural identification of carbohydrates and associated conjugates is essential for understanding their biological functions, but identification remains challenging. Herein, an easy and rugged method is reported for the structural identification of model carbohydrates, including Globo-H, three trisaccharide isomers (nigerotriose/laminaritriose/cellotriose), and two hexasaccharide isomers (laminarihexaose/isomaltohexaose). For Globo-H, the numbers of cross-ring cleavages increased by factors of 4.4 and 3.4 upon ambient IR exposure, compared to an untreated control and a collision-induced dissociation (CID) sample. Moreover, 25-82% enhancement in the numbers of glycosidic bond cleavages upon ambient IR exposure was also obtained compared to untreated and CID samples. Unique features of first-generation fragments produced by ambient IR facilitated the differentiation of three trisaccharide isomers. Semi-quantitative analysis was achieved (coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.982) in a mixture of two hexasaccharide isomers via unique features generated upon ambient IR. Photothermal and radical migration effects induced by ambient IR were postulated as responsible for promoting carbohydrate fragmentation. This easy and rugged method could be a universally applicable protocol and complementary to other techniques for detailed structural characterization of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hung Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 360302, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Will Leung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 360302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Hung Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 360302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 360302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Sheng Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC.
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Silva MLS. Capitalizing glycomic changes for improved biomarker-based cancer diagnostics. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:366-395. [PMID: 37455827 PMCID: PMC10344901 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer serum biomarkers are valuable or even indispensable for cancer diagnostics and/or monitoring and, currently, many cancer serum markers are routinely used in the clinic. Most of those markers are glycoproteins, carrying cancer-specific glycan structures that can provide extra-information for cancer monitoring. Nonetheless, in the majority of cases, this differential feature is not exploited and the corresponding analytical assays detect only the protein amount, disregarding the analysis of the aberrant glycoform. Two exceptions to this trend are the biomarkers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), which are clinically monitored for their cancer-related glycan changes, and only the AFP assay includes quantification of both the protein amount and the altered glycoform. This narrative review demonstrates, through several examples, the advantages of the combined quantification of protein cancer biomarkers and the respective glycoform analysis, which enable to yield the maximum information and overcome the weaknesses of each individual analysis. This strategy allows to achieve higher sensitivity and specificity in the detection of cancer, enhancing the diagnostic power of biomarker-based cancer detection tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luísa S. Silva
- Unidade de Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida, Universidade Aberta, 1269-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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38
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Zhao S, Yang Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Ju H, Chen Y. In situ evaluation of in vivo sialylation with a dual-color imaging strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:7815-7818. [PMID: 37272281 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01949g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work designs a functional dendrimer probe to conveniently identify newly generated sialic acid groups in vivo with a dual-color imaging strategy, which achieves in situ semiquantitative evaluation of the sialylation difference between tumor and normal tissues to reveal sialylation-related biological events and promote clinical tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuanjiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Huipu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Wei Y, Zhang L. Directed S N2 Glycosylation Employing an Amide-Functionalized 1-Naphthoate Platform Featuring a Selectivity-Safeguarding Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11921-11926. [PMID: 37229760 PMCID: PMC10319707 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work implements a catalytic SN2 glycosylation by employing an amide-functionalized 1-naphthoate platform as a latent glycosyl leaving group. Upon gold-catalyzed activation, the amide group enables the SN2 process by directing the attack of the glycosyl acceptor via H-bonding interaction, which results in stereoinversion at the anomeric center. Unique in this approach is that the amide group also enables a novel safeguarding mechanism by trapping oxocarbenium intermediates and, hence, minimizing stereorandom SN1 processes. The strategy is applicable to the synthesis of a broad range of glycosides with high to excellent levels of stereoinversion from anomerically pure/enriched glycosyl donors. These reactions are generally high-yielding, and their applications in the synthesis of challenging 1,2-cis-linkage-rich oligosaccharides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xijun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yongliang Wei
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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van der Burgt Y, Wuhrer M. The role of clinical glyco(proteo)mics in precision medicine. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023:100565. [PMID: 37169080 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteomics reveals site-specific O- and N-glycosylation that may influence protein properties including binding, activity and half-life. The increasingly mature toolbox with glycomic- and glycoproteomic strategies is applied for the development of biopharmaceuticals and discovery and clinical evaluation of glycobiomarkers in various disease fields. Notwithstanding the contributions of glycoscience in identifying new drug targets, the current report is focused on the biomarker modality that is of interest for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. To this end it is noted that the identification of biomarkers has received more attention than corresponding quantification. Most analytical methods are very efficient in detecting large numbers of analytes but developments to accurately quantify these have so far been limited. In this perspective a parallel is made with earlier proposed tiers for protein quantification using mass spectrometry. Moreover, the foreseen reporting of multimarker readouts is discussed to describe an individual's health or disease state and their role in clinical decision-making. The potential of longitudinal sampling and monitoring of glycomic features for diagnosis and treatment monitoring is emphasized. Finally, different strategies that address quantification of a multimarker panel will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri van der Burgt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bueno-Sánchez JC, Gómez-Gutiérrez AM, Maldonado-Estrada JG, Quintana-Castillo JC. Expression of placental glycans and its role in regulating peripheral blood NK cells during preeclampsia: a perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1087845. [PMID: 37206444 PMCID: PMC10190602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1087845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related multisystem disorder characterized by altered trophoblast invasion, oxidative stress, exacerbation of systemic inflammatory response, and endothelial damage. The pathogenesis includes hypertension and mild-to-severe microangiopathy in the kidney, liver, placenta, and brain. The main mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis have been proposed to limit trophoblast invasion and increase the release of extracellular vesicles from the syncytiotrophoblast into the maternal circulation, exacerbating the systemic inflammatory response. The placenta expresses glycans as part of its development and maternal immune tolerance during gestation. The expression profile of glycans at the maternal-fetal interface may play a fundamental role in physiological pregnancy changes and disorders such as preeclampsia. It is unclear whether glycans and their lectin-like receptors are involved in the mechanisms of maternal-fetal recognition by immune cells during pregnancy homeostasis. The expression profile of glycans appears to be altered in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which could lead to alterations in the placental microenvironment and vascular endothelium in pregnancy conditions such as preeclampsia. Glycans with immunomodulatory properties at the maternal-fetal interface are altered in early-onset severe preeclampsia, implying that innate immune system components, such as NK cells, exacerbate the systemic inflammatory response observed in preeclampsia. In this article, we discuss the evidence for the role of glycans in gestational physiology and the perspective of glycobiology on the pathophysiology of hypertensive disorders in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Bueno-Sánchez
- Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Red Iberoamericana de Alteraciones Vasculares en Trastornos del Embarazo (RIVATREM), Chillan, Chile
| | - Alejandra M. Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan G. Maldonado-Estrada
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research & Development (OHVRI) Research Group, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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42
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Bangarh R, Khatana C, Kaur S, Sharma A, Kaushal A, Siwal SS, Tuli HS, Dhama K, Thakur VK, Saini RV, Saini AK. Aberrant protein glycosylation: Implications on diagnosis and Immunotherapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108149. [PMID: 37030554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation-mediated post-translational modification is critical for regulating many fundamental processes like cell division, differentiation, immune response, and cell-to-cell interaction. Alterations in the N-linked or O-linked glycosylation pattern of regulatory proteins like transcription factors or cellular receptors lead to many diseases, including cancer. These alterations give rise to micro- and macro-heterogeneity in tumor cells. Here, we review the role of O- and N-linked glycosylation and its regulatory function in autoimmunity and aberrant glycosylation in cancer. The change in cellular glycome could result from a change in the expression of glycosidases or glycosyltransferases like N-acetyl-glucosaminyl transferase V, FUT8, ST6Gal-I, DPAGT1, etc., impact the glycosylation of target proteins leading to transformation. Moreover, the mutations in glycogenes affect glycosylation patterns on immune cells leading to other related manifestations like pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. In recent years, understanding the glycome to cancer indicates that it can be utilized for both diagnosis/prognosis as well as immunotherapy. Studies involving mass spectrometry of proteome, site- and structure-specific glycoproteomics, or transcriptomics/genomics of patient samples and cancer models revealed the importance of glycosylation homeostasis in cancer biology. The development of emerging technologies, such as the lectin microarray, has facilitated research on the structure and function of glycans and glycosylation. Newly developed devices allow for high-throughput, high-speed, and precise research on aberrant glycosylation. This paper also discusses emerging technologies and clinical applications of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Bangarh
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Chainika Khatana
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Simranjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Anchita Sharma
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517641, India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Department of Chemistry, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Reena V Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
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43
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Hu M, Zhang R, Yang J, Zhao C, Liu W, Huang Y, Lyu H, Xiao S, Guo D, Zhou C, Tang J. The role of N-glycosylation modification in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:222. [PMID: 36990999 PMCID: PMC10060418 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most common types of protein modifications and it plays a vital role in normal physiological processes. However, aberrant N-glycan modifications are closely associated with the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including processes such as malignant transformation and tumor progression. It is known that the N-glycan conformation of the associated glycoproteins is altered during different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. Characterizing the heterogeneity and biological functions of glycans in liver cancer patients will facilitate a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis. In this article, we review the role of N-glycosylation in hepatocarcinogenesis, focusing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix changes, and tumor microenvironment formation. We highlight the role of N-glycosylation in the pathogenesis of liver cancer and its potential applications in the treatment or diagnosis of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Hu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaren Yang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenshu Zhao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Becker J, Terracciano R, Yilmaz G, Napier R, Becer CR. Step-Growth Glycopolymers with a Defined Tacticity for Selective Carbohydrate-Lectin Recognition. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1924-1933. [PMID: 36976928 PMCID: PMC10091353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycopolymers are potent candidates for biomedical applications by exploiting multivalent carbohydrate-lectin interactions. Owing to their specific recognition capabilities, glycosylated polymers can be utilized for targeted drug delivery to certain cell types bearing the corresponding lectin receptors. A fundamental challenge in glycopolymer research, however, is the specificity of recognition to receptors binding to the same sugar unit (e.g., mannose). Variation of polymer backbone chirality has emerged as an effective method to distinguish between lectins on a molecular level. Herein, we present a facile route toward producing glycopolymers with a defined tacticity based on a step-growth polymerization technique using click chemistry. A set of polymers have been fabricated and further functionalized with mannose moieties to enable lectin binding to receptors relevant to the immune system (mannose-binding lectin, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin, and dendritic and thymic epithelial cell-205). Surface plasmon resonance spectrometry was employed to determine the kinetic parameters of the step-growth glycopolymers. The results highlight the importance of structural complexity in advancing glycopolymer synthesis, yet multivalency remains a main driving force in lectin recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Becker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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45
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Smith BAH, Deutzmann A, Correa KM, Delaveris CS, Dhanasekaran R, Dove CG, Sullivan DK, Wisnovsky S, Stark JC, Pluvinage JV, Swaminathan S, Riley NM, Rajan A, Majeti R, Felsher DW, Bertozzi CR. MYC-driven synthesis of Siglec ligands is a glycoimmune checkpoint. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215376120. [PMID: 36897988 PMCID: PMC10089186 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215376120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are glycoimmune checkpoint receptors that suppress immune cell activation upon engagement of cognate sialoglycan ligands. The cellular drivers underlying Siglec ligand production on cancer cells are poorly understood. We find the MYC oncogene causally regulates Siglec ligand production to enable tumor immune evasion. A combination of glycomics and RNA-sequencing of mouse tumors revealed the MYC oncogene controls expression of the sialyltransferase St6galnac4 and induces a glycan known as disialyl-T. Using in vivo models and primary human leukemias, we find that disialyl-T functions as a "don't eat me" signal by engaging macrophage Siglec-E in mice or the human ortholog Siglec-7, thereby preventing cancer cell clearance. Combined high expression of MYC and ST6GALNAC4 identifies patients with high-risk cancers and reduced tumor myeloid infiltration. MYC therefore regulates glycosylation to enable tumor immune evasion. We conclude that disialyl-T is a glycoimmune checkpoint ligand. Thus, disialyl-T is a candidate for antibody-based checkpoint blockade, and the disialyl-T synthase ST6GALNAC4 is a potential enzyme target for small molecule-mediated immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. H. Smith
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Anja Deutzmann
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Corleone S. Delaveris
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Renumathy Dhanasekaran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Christopher G. Dove
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Delaney K. Sullivan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Simon Wisnovsky
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jessica C. Stark
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - John V. Pluvinage
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA91016
- Department of Pediatrics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | | | - Anand Rajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Dean W. Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
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46
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Ou Y, Wang X, He N, Wang X, Lu D, Li Z, Luo F, Li J, Tan H. A biocompatible polyurethane fluorescent emulsion with aggregation-induced emission for targeted tumor imaging. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2266-2275. [PMID: 36799348 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The applications of fluorescence imaging in tumor detection and assistance in tumor resection have become progressively more widespread. Biocompatible fluorescent nanoparticles with high sensitivity and selectivity are a challenge for biological fluorescence imaging. Ligand-mediated targeting of nanoparticles to tumors is an appealing tactic for improving imaging efficiency. Herein, tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE) and phenylboronic acid (PBA) were introduced into polyurethane to synthesize a PU-TPE-PBA (PTP) fluorescent emulsion with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for targeted tumor imaging. The PTP emulsion with a size of less than 50 nm shows excellent stability and high fluorescence sensitivity (extremely low TPE concentrations of 0.31 μg mL-1). Since PBA can selectively recognize and bind to sialic acid (SA) which is widely overexpressed in tumor cells, such PTP nanoparticles can be enriched in tumors and retained for longer periods due to enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) as well as active targeting effects. In addition, the PTP emulsion exhibits good biocompatibility and biosafety. Therefore, the novel PTP emulsion is promising for tumor cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangcen Ou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Nan He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Feng Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jiehua Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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47
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Jaiswal M, Zhou M, Guo J, Tran TT, Kundu S, Jaufer AM, Fanucci GE, Guo Z. Different Biophysical Properties of Cell Surface α2,3- and α2,6-Sialoglycans Revealed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1749-1757. [PMID: 36808907 PMCID: PMC10116567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c09048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Sialoglycans on HeLa cells were labeled with a nitroxide spin radical through enzymatic glycoengineering (EGE)-mediated installation of azide-modified sialic acid (Neu5Ac9N3) and then click reaction-based attachment of a nitroxide spin radical. α2,6-Sialyltransferase (ST) Pd2,6ST and α2,3-ST CSTII were used for EGE to install α2,6- and α2,3-linked Neu5Ac9N3, respectively. The spin-labeled cells were analyzed by X-band continuous wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to gain insights into the dynamics and organizations of cell surface α2,6- and α2,3-sialoglycans. Simulations of the EPR spectra revealed average fast- and intermediate-motion components for the spin radicals in both sialoglycans. However, α2,6- and α2,3-sialoglycans in HeLa cells possess different distributions of the two components, e.g., a higher average population of the intermediate-motion component for α2,6-sialoglycans (78%) than that for α2,3-sialoglycans (53%). Thus, the average mobility of spin radicals in α2,3-sialoglycans was higher than that in α2,6-sialoglycans. Given the fact that a spin-labeled sialic acid residue attached to the 6-O-position of galactose/N-acetyl-galactosamine would experience less steric hindrance and show more flexibility than that attached to the 3-O-position, these results may reflect the differences in local crowding/packing that restrict the spin-label and sialic acid motion for α2,6-linked sialoglycans. The studies further suggest that Pd2,6ST and CSTII may have different preferences for glycan substrates in the complex environment of the extracellular matrix. The discoveries of this work are biologically important as they are useful for interpreting the different functions of α2,6- and α2,3-sialoglycans and indicate the possibility of using Pd2,6ST and CSTII to target different glycoconjugates on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mingwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jiatong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Trang T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sayan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Afnan M Jaufer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gail E Fanucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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48
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Purushothaman A, Mohajeri M, Lele TP. The role of glycans in the mechanobiology of cancer. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102935. [PMID: 36693448 PMCID: PMC9930169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cancer is a genetic disease, physical changes such as stiffening of the extracellular matrix also commonly occur in cancer. Cancer cells sense and respond to extracellular matrix stiffening through the process of mechanotransduction. Cancer cell mechanotransduction can enhance cancer-promoting cell behaviors such as survival signaling, proliferation, and migration. Glycans, carbohydrate-based polymers, have recently emerged as important mediators and/or modulators of cancer cell mechanotransduction. Stiffer tumors are characterized by increased glycan content on cancer cells and their associated extracellular matrix. Here we review the role of cancer-associated glycans in coupled mechanical and biochemical alterations during cancer progression. We discuss the recent evidence on how increased expression of different glycans, in the form of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, contributes to both mechanical changes in tumors and corresponding cancer cell responses. We conclude with a summary of emerging tools that can be used to modify glycans for future studies in cancer mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Purushothaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA.
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49
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Krishnamoorthy R, Singh M, Anaikutti P, Paul L E, Dhanasekaran S, Sathiah T. Design and synthesis of novel N-terminal peptides of integrin and aminopeptidase are new finding for anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106434. [PMID: 36863075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The short peptides, containing the amino acid sequence asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD), possess the strong binding ability to N (APN/CD13) aminopeptidase receptor and integrin proteins involved in antitumor properties are overexpressed. A novel short N-terminal modified hexapeptides P1 and P2 was designed and synthesized using the Fmoc-chemistry solid phase peptide synthesis protocol. Notably, the cytotoxicity of the MTT assay demonstrated the viability of normal and cancer cells up to lower peptide concentrations. Interestingly, both peptides show good anticancer activities against the four cancer cells and normal cells namely, Hep-2, HepG2, MCF-7, A375, and Vero and compared with standard drugs, doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Additionally, in silico studies were applied to predict the binding sites and binding orientation of the peptides for potential anticancer targets. Steady-state fluorescence measurements showed that peptide P1 exhibits preferential interactions with POPC/POPG anionic bilayers rather than the zwitterionic POPC lipid bilayers and peptide P2, did not show any preferential interaction with lipids bilayers. But impressively, peptide P2 shows anticancer activity due to the NGR/RGD motif. Circular dichroism studies demonstrated that the peptide's secondary structure changes only minimally upon binding to the anionic lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajavenkatesh Krishnamoorthy
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory CSIR-CLRI, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti, Virudunagar 626115, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Centre for excellence on GMP extraction Facility, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Assam 781101, India
| | - Parthiban Anaikutti
- Centre for excellence on GMP extraction Facility, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Assam 781101, India.
| | - Edwin Paul L
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory CSIR-CLRI, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Thennarsu Sathiah
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory CSIR-CLRI, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamilnadu, India.
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50
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Yan L, Xu L. Fluorescent nano‐particles prepared by
eATRP
combined with self‐assembly imprinting technology. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
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