1
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Martins D, Pinoteau MA, Leger R. Development of a back-titration assay to quantitate functional lympho-epithelial Kazal-type inhibitors (LEKTI) in skin samples. Anal Biochem 2024; 690:115524. [PMID: 38556114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The lympho-epithelial Kazal-type inhibitors (LEKTI) are key to control skin turnover, and their absence causes Netherton syndrome. For clinical sample testing of LEKTI-based therapies, a robust analytical method to measure LEKTI-like activity in skin is required. This work reports on the development of a back-titration method to determine incremental LEKTI-like activity in skin samples. The method meets the analytical requirements for study sample testing, and reliable quantification can be achieved with negligible skin matrix interference. This assay does not provide analyte identity, but it can be used to measure treatment-driven increments of LEKTI-like activity within the skin epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorival Martins
- Azitra Inc, 21 Business Park Drive, Branford, CT, 06405, USA.
| | | | - Roger Leger
- Azitra Inc, 21 Business Park Drive, Branford, CT, 06405, USA
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2
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Boumali R, Urli L, Naim M, Soualmia F, Kinugawa K, Petropoulos I, El Amri C. Kallikrein-related peptidase's significance in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: A comprehensive survey. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00076-2. [PMID: 38608749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias constitute an important global health challenge. Detailed understanding of the multiple molecular mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis constitutes a clue for the management of the disease. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs), a lead family of serine proteases, have emerged as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the context of AD and associated cognitive decline. Hence, KLKs were proposed to display multifaceted impacts influencing various aspects of neurodegeneration, including amyloid-beta aggregation, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction. We propose here a comprehensive survey to summarize recent findings, providing an overview of the main kallikreins implicated in AD pathophysiology namely KLK8, KLK6 and KLK7. We explore the interplay between KLKs and key AD molecular pathways, shedding light on their significance as potential biomarkers for early disease detection. We also discuss their pertinence as therapeutic targets for disease-modifying interventions to develop innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at halting or ameliorating the progression of AD and associated dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilès Boumali
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France
| | - Laureline Urli
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France
| | - Meriem Naim
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France
| | - Feryel Soualmia
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France
| | - Kiyoka Kinugawa
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France; AP-HP, Paris, France; Charles-Foix Hospital, Functional Exploration Unit for Older Patients, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Isabelle Petropoulos
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France.
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256, CNRS-SU, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75252, Paris, France. Paris, France.
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3
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Huang M, Rueda-Garcia M, Harthorn A, Hackel BJ, Van Deventer JA. Systematic Evaluation of Protein-Small Molecule Hybrids on the Yeast Surface. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:325-335. [PMID: 38230650 PMCID: PMC11146673 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Protein-small molecule hybrids are structures that have the potential to combine the inhibitory properties of small molecules and the specificities of binding proteins. However, achieving such synergies is a substantial engineering challenge with fundamental principles yet to be elucidated. Recent work has demonstrated the power of the yeast display-based discovery of hybrids using a combination of fibronectin-binding domains and thiol-mediated conjugations to introduce small-molecule warheads. Here, we systematically study the effects of expanding the chemical diversity of these hybrids on the yeast surface by investigating a combinatorial set of fibronectins, noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) substitutions, and small-molecule pharmacophores. Our results show that previously discovered thiol-fibronectin hybrids are generally tolerant of a range of ncAA substitutions and retain binding functions to carbonic anhydrases following click chemistry-mediated assembly of hybrids with diverse linker structures. Most surprisingly, we identified several cases where replacement of a potent acetazolamide warhead with a substantially weaker benzenesulfonamide warhead still resulted in the assembly of multiple functional hybrids. In addition to these unexpected findings, we expanded the throughput of our system by validating a 96-well plate-based format to produce yeast-displayed hybrid conjugates in parallel. These efficient explorations of hybrid chemical diversity demonstrate that there are abundant opportunities to expand the functions of protein-small molecule hybrids and elucidate principles that dictate their efficient discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjie Huang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Marina Rueda-Garcia
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Abbigael Harthorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Hackel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - James A. Van Deventer
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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4
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Petrova E, López-Gay JM, Fahrner M, Leturcq F, de Villartay JP, Barbieux C, Gonschorek P, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Schilling O, Hovnanian A. Comparative analyses of Netherton syndrome patients and Spink5 conditional knock-out mice uncover disease-relevant pathways. Commun Biol 2024; 7:152. [PMID: 38316920 PMCID: PMC10844249 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare skin disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) gene. Disease severity and the lack of efficacious treatments call for a better understanding of NS mechanisms. Here we describe a novel and viable, Spink5 conditional knock-out (cKO) mouse model, allowing to study NS progression. By combining transcriptomics and proteomics, we determine a disease molecular profile common to mouse models and NS patients. Spink5 cKO mice and NS patients share skin barrier and inflammation signatures defined by up-regulation and increased activity of proteases, IL-17, IL-36, and IL-20 family cytokine signaling. Systemic inflammation in Spink5 cKO mice correlates with disease severity and is associated with thymic atrophy and enlargement of lymph nodes and spleen. This systemic inflammation phenotype is marked by neutrophils and IL-17/IL-22 signaling, does not involve primary T cell immunodeficiency and is independent of bacterial infection. By comparing skin transcriptomes and proteomes, we uncover several putative substrates of tissue kallikrein-related proteases (KLKs), demonstrating that KLKs can proteolytically regulate IL-36 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our study thus provides a conserved molecular framework for NS and reveals a KLK/IL-36 signaling axis, adding new insights into the disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Petrova
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Jesús María López-Gay
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Paris, F-75248, Cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne University, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Fahrner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florent Leturcq
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Imagine Institute, Laboratory "Genome Dynamics in the Immune System", INSERM UMR 11635, Paris, France
| | - Claire Barbieux
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Gonschorek
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France.
- Department of Genomic Medicine of rare diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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5
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Zarnegar R, Vounta A, Li Q, Ghoreishizadeh SS. Nociception related biomolecules in the adult human saliva: A scoping review with additional quantitative focus on cortisol. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241237121. [PMID: 38385158 PMCID: PMC10916496 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241237121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nociception related salivary biomolecules can be useful patients who are not able to self-report pain. We present the existing evidence on this topic using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and a more focused analysis of cortisol change after cold pain induction using the direction of effect analysis combined with risk of bias analysis using ROBINS-I. Five data bases were searched systematically for articles on adults with acute pain secondary to disease, injury, or experimentally induced pain. Forty three articles met the inclusion criteria for the general review and 11 of these were included in the cortisol-cold pain analysis. Salivary melatonin, kallikreins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, soluable TNF-α receptor II, secretory IgA, testosterone, salivary α-amylase (sAA) and, most commonly, cortisol have been studied in relation to acute pain. There is greatest information about cortisol and sAA which both rise after cold pain when compared with other modalities. Where participants have been subjected to both pain and stress, stress is consistently a more reliable predictor of salivary biomarker change than pain. There remain considerable challenges in identifying biomarkers that can be used in clinical practice to guide the measurement of nociception and treatment of pain. Standardization of methodology and researchers' greater awareness of the factors that affect salivary biomolecule concentrations are needed to improve our understanding of this field towards creating a clinically relevant body of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxaneh Zarnegar
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Angeliki Vounta
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Qiuyuan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sara S Ghoreishizadeh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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6
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Tang L, Wang L, Jin F, Hao Y, Zhao T, Zheng W, He Z. Inflammatory regulation by restraining M2 microglial polarization: Neurodestructive effects of Kallikrein-related peptidase 8 activation in intracerebral hemorrhage. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110855. [PMID: 37678029 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a cerebrovascular disease. Kallikrein-related peptidase 8 (KLK8) is a serine peptidase, while its role in ICH remains unclarified. Western blot (WB) showed that KLK8 was upregulated in rat perihematomal tissues 24 h following autologous blood injection. KLK8 overexpression aggravated behavioral deficits and increased water content and Fluoro-Jade B (FJB)-positive neuron numbers in brain tissue of rats. Immunofluorescence (IF) assay showed that overexpressed-KLK8 promoted Iba-1 and iNOS expression in perihematomal tissue of rats. Overexpressed-KLK8 increased COX-2, iNOS, and Arg-1 expression and the content of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in perihematomal tissue of rats, confirmed by WB and ELISA. IF staining confirmed the expression of CCR5 was co-expressed with Iba-1, and the WB results shown increased CCR5 expression and decreased p-PKA and p-CREB expression in perihematomal tissue. Maraviroc (MVC, CCR5 inhibitor) administration rescued KLK8-induced behavioral deficits and brain injury (decreased water content and FJB-positive neuron numbers) in rats. Additionally, MVC suppressed p-PKA and p-CREB expression and the content of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in perihematomal tissue, induced by overexpressed-KLK8. Co-IP confirmed the binding of CCR5 and CCL14 in HMC3 cells. Transwell assay shown that KLK8 plus CCL4 promoted the chemotactic activity of cells, which was rescued by MVC. The biological function of KLK8/CCL14/CCR5 axis in ICH injury was also proved by MVC administration in HMC3 cells. Overall, our work revealed that KLK8 overexpression aggravated ICH process and involved in microglial activation. KLK8 might activate CCL14 thereby turning on downstream CCR5/PKA/CREB pathway, providing a theoretical basis for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuehan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Wenxu Zheng
- Geriatric Department of Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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7
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Sananes A, Cohen I, Allon I, Ben‐David O, Abu Shareb R, Yegodayev KM, Stepensky D, Elkabets M, Papo N. Serine protease inhibitors decrease metastasis in prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2337-2355. [PMID: 37609678 PMCID: PMC10620120 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies for prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers are based on their activity against primary tumors rather than their anti-metastatic activity. Consequently, there is an urgent need for new agents targeting the metastatic process. Emerging evidence correlates in vitro and in vivo cancer invasion and metastasis with increased activity of the proteases mesotrypsin (prostate and breast cancer) and kallikrein 6 (KLK6; ovarian cancer). Thus, mesotrypsin and KLK6 are attractive putative targets for therapeutic intervention. As potential therapeutics for advanced metastatic prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers, we report novel mesotrypsin- and KLK6-based therapies, based on our previously developed mutants of the human amyloid β-protein precursor Kunitz protease inhibitor domain (APPI). These mutants, designated APPI-3M (prostate and breast cancer) and APPI-4M (ovarian cancer), demonstrated significant accumulation in tumors and therapeutic efficacy in orthotopic preclinical models, with the advantages of long retention times in vivo, high affinity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. The applicability of the APPIs, as a novel therapy and for imaging purposes, is supported by their good safety profile and their controlled and scalable manufacturability in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiram Sananes
- Avram and Stella Goldstein‐Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the NegevBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Itay Cohen
- Avram and Stella Goldstein‐Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the NegevBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Irit Allon
- Institute of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel ad Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Oshrit Ben‐David
- Avram and Stella Goldstein‐Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the NegevBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Raghda Abu Shareb
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Ksenia M. Yegodayev
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - David Stepensky
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Niv Papo
- Avram and Stella Goldstein‐Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the NegevBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
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8
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Zhang S, Fang W, Zhou S, Zhu D, Chen R, Gao X, Li Z, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Yang F, Zhao J, Wu H, Wang P, Shen Y, Shen S, Xu G, Wang L, Yan C, Zou X, Chen D, Lv Y. Single cell transcriptomic analyses implicate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5123. [PMID: 37612267 PMCID: PMC10447466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic disease refractory to all targeted and immune therapies. However, our understanding of PDAC microenvironment especially the metastatic microenvironment is very limited partly due to the inaccessibility to metastatic tumor tissues. Here, we present the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of synchronously resected PDAC primary tumors and matched liver metastases. We perform comparative analysis on both cellular composition and functional phenotype between primary and metastatic tumors. Tumor cells exhibit distinct transcriptomic profile in liver metastasis with clearly defined evolutionary routes from cancer cells in primary tumor. We also identify specific subtypes of stromal and immune cells critical to the formation of the pro-tumor microenvironment in metastatic lesions, including RGS5+ cancer-associated fibroblasts, CCL18+ lipid-associated macrophages, S100A8+ neutrophils and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Cellular interactome analysis further reveals that the lack of tumor-immune cell interaction in metastatic tissues contributes to the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional landscape of PDAC liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dongming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery and Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ruidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of General Surgery and Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhuojin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fa Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yonghua Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Dijun Chen
- Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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9
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Shim J, Chen J, Carrasco-Triguero M, Fischer SK. Overcoming Soluble Target Interference in Measurement of Total Bispecific Therapeutic Antibody Concentrations. AAPS J 2023; 25:82. [PMID: 37594571 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of therapeutic drug concentrations is used to assess drug exposure and the relationship between therapeutic pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), which help determine the optimal dose for patients. Ligand binding assays (LBAs) are often the method of choice for evaluation of drug concentration and use either the therapeutic target protein or antibodies to the therapeutic as capture and/or detection reagents. Due to the bivalency of antibody therapeutics, heterogeneous states of the drug/target complex can exist in the presence of soluble targets which can complicate measurement of unbound drug. In the case of bispecific antibodies, measurement of drug can be even more complicated and depend upon the levels of both targets to each arm. Measuring the total drug allows for PKPD modeling prediction of human dose projections in addition to overcoming challenges associated with measuring free drug for bispecific antibodies. Here, we present a study in which a sandwich ELISA format was used to measure total anti-KLK5/KLK7 antibody concentrations. This assay utilized a non-blocking anti-idiotype (ID) antibody to one arm of the antibody for capture and an antibody to target bound to the other arm of the antibody for detection. Our qualified assay showed acceptable precision, accuracy, dilutional linearity, and reproducibility and enabled detection of a total bispecific antibody at high levels of two targets. To confirm that our assay was detecting total drug, a subset of samples was evaluated in a generic total LC-MS/MS assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsup Shim
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
| | - Jessica Chen
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Montserrat Carrasco-Triguero
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Saloumeh K Fischer
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
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10
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Gut M, Dreier B, Furler S, Sobek J, Plückthun A, Holland JP. Designed ankyrin repeat proteins for detecting prostate-specific antigen expression in vivo. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:494-505. [PMID: 37415866 PMCID: PMC10320840 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-stage prostate cancer often acquires resistance to conventional chemotherapies and transforms into a hormone-refractory, drug-resistant, and non-curative disease. Developing non-invasive tools to detect the biochemical changes that correlate with drug efficacy and reveal the onset of drug resistance would have important ramifications in managing the treatment regimen for individual patients. Here, we report the selection of new Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) that show high affinity toward prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker used in clinical monitoring of prostate cancer. Ribosome display and in vitro screening tools were used to select PSA-binding DARPins based on their binding affinity, selectivity, and chemical constitution. Surface plasmon resonance measurements demonstrated that the four lead candidates bind to PSA with nanomolar affinity. DARPins were site-specifically functionalised at a unique C-terminal cysteine with a hexadentate aza-nonamacrocyclic chelate (NODAGA) for subsequent radiolabelling with the positron-emitting radionuclide 68Ga. [68Ga]GaNODAGA-DARPins showed high stability toward transchelation and were stable in human serum for >2 h. Radioactive binding assays using streptavidin-loaded magnetic beads confirmed that the functionalisation and radiolabelling did not compromise the specificity of [68Ga]GaNODAGA-DARPins toward PSA. Biodistribution experiments in athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous prostate cancer xenografts derived from the LNCaP cell line revealed that three of the four [68Ga]GaNODAGA-DARPins displayed specific tumour-binding in vivo. For DARPin-6, tumour-uptake in the normal group reached 4.16 ± 0.58% ID g-1 (n = 3; 2 h post-administration) and was reduced by ∼50% by competitive binding with a low molar activity formulation (blocking group: 2.47 ± 0.42% ID g-1; n = 3; P value = 0.018). Collectively, the experimental results support the future development of new PSA-specific imaging agents for potential use in monitoring the efficacy of androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gut
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich Switzerland https://www.hollandlab.org https://twitter.com/HollandLab_ +41-44-63-53990
| | - Birgit Dreier
- University of Zurich, Department of Biochemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sven Furler
- University of Zurich, Department of Biochemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jens Sobek
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich and University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- University of Zurich, Department of Biochemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jason P Holland
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich Switzerland https://www.hollandlab.org https://twitter.com/HollandLab_ +41-44-63-53990
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11
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Gil J, Marques-Pamies M, Valassi E, Serra G, Salinas I, Xifra G, Casano-Sancho P, Carrato C, Biagetti B, Sesmilo G, Marcos-Ruiz J, Rodriguez-Lloveras H, Rueda-Pujol A, Aulinas A, Blanco A, Hostalot C, Simó-Servat A, Muñoz F, Rico M, Ibáñez-Domínguez J, Cordero E, Webb SM, Jordà M, Puig-Domingo M. Molecular characterization of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and medical treatment related-genes in non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1129213. [PMID: 37033229 PMCID: PMC10074986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1129213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different medical therapies have been developed for pituitary adenomas. However, Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (NF-PitNET) have shown little response to them. Furthermore, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been linked to resistance to medical treatment in a significant number of tumors, including pituitary adenomas. METHODS We aimed to evaluate the expression of EMT-related markers in 72 NF-PitNET and 16 non-tumoral pituitaries. To further explore the potential usefulness of medical treatment for NF-PitNET we assessed the expression of somatostatin receptors and dopamine-associated genes. RESULTS We found that SNAI1, SNAI2, Vimentin, KLK10, PEBP1, Ki-67 and SSTR2 were associated with invasive NF-PitNET. Furthermore, we found that the EMT phenomenon was more common in NF-PitNET than in GH-secreting pituitary tumors. Interestingly, PEBP1 was overexpressed in recurrent NF-PitNET, and could predict growth recurrence with 100% sensitivity but only 43% specificity. In parallel with previously reported studies, SSTR3 is highly expressed in our NF-PitNET cohort. However, SSTR3 expression is highly heterogeneous among the different histological variants of NF-PitNET with very low levels in silent corticotroph adenomas. CONCLUSION NF-PitNET showed an enhanced EMT phenomenon. SSTR3 targeting could be a good therapeutic candidate in NF-PitNET except for silent corticotroph adenomas, which express very low levels of this receptor. In addition, PEBP1 could be an informative biomarker of tumor regrowth, useful for predictive medicine in NF-PitNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Gil
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Marques-Pamies
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Valassi
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Serra
- Department of Endocrinology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabel Salinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Gemma Xifra
- Department of Endocrinology, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Paula Casano-Sancho
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Institut de Recerca SJS 39-57, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Betina Biagetti
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sesmilo
- Department of Endocrinology, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Marcos-Ruiz
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Rueda-Pujol
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Aulinas
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Blanco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hostalot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Andreu Simó-Servat
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Esteban Cordero
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan M. Webb
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Jordà
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manel Puig-Domingo,
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12
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Zhang L, Lovell S, De Vita E, Jagtap PKA, Lucy D, Goya Grocin A, Kjær S, Borg A, Hennig J, Miller AK, Tate EW. A KLK6 Activity-Based Probe Reveals a Role for KLK6 Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Invasion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22493-22504. [PMID: 36413626 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the lowest survival rate of all common cancers due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. Serine hydrolases are known to mediate cancer progression and metastasis through initiation of signaling cascades and cleavage of extracellular matrix proteins, and the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family of secreted serine proteases have emerging roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the lack of reliable activity-based probes (ABPs) to profile KLK activity has hindered progress in validation of these enzymes as potential targets or biomarkers. Here, we developed potent and selective ABPs for KLK6 by using a positional scanning combinatorial substrate library and characterized their binding mode and interactions by X-ray crystallography. The optimized KLK6 probe IMP-2352 (kobs/I = 11,000 M-1 s-1) enabled selective detection of KLK6 activity in a variety of PDAC cell lines, and we observed that KLK6 inhibition reduced the invasiveness of PDAC cells that secrete active KLK6. KLK6 inhibitors were combined with N-terminomics to identify potential secreted protein substrates of KLK6 in PDAC cells, providing insights into KLK6-mediated invasion pathways. These novel KLK6 ABPs offer a toolset to validate KLK6 and associated signaling partners as targets or biomarkers across a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Scott Lovell
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AX, U.K
| | - Elena De Vita
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Pravin Kumar Ankush Jagtap
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.,Chair of Biochemistry IV, Biophysical Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Daniel Lucy
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Andrea Goya Grocin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Svend Kjær
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Annabel Borg
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.,Chair of Biochemistry IV, Biophysical Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Aubry K Miller
- Cancer Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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13
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Chavarria-Smith J, Chiu CPC, Jackman JK, Yin J, Zhang J, Hackney JA, Lin WY, Tyagi T, Sun Y, Tao J, Dunlap D, Morton WD, Ghodge SV, Maun HR, Li H, Hernandez-Barry H, Loyet KM, Chen E, Liu J, Tam C, Yaspan BL, Cai H, Balazs M, Arron JR, Li J, Wittwer AJ, Pappu R, Austin CD, Lee WP, Lazarus RA, Sudhamsu J, Koerber JT, Yi T. Dual antibody inhibition of KLK5 and KLK7 for Netherton syndrome and atopic dermatitis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabp9159. [PMID: 36516271 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is a barrier that prevents water loss while keeping harmful substances from penetrating the host. The impermeable cornified layer of the stratum corneum is maintained by balancing continuous turnover driven by epidermal basal cell proliferation, suprabasal cell differentiation, and corneal shedding. The epidermal desquamation process is tightly regulated by balance of the activities of serine proteases of the Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK) family and their cognate inhibitor lymphoepithelial Kazal type-related inhibitor (LEKTI), which is encoded by the serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 gene. Imbalance of proteolytic activity caused by a deficiency of LEKTI leads to excessive desquamation due to increased activities of KLK5, KLK7, and KLK14 and results in Netherton syndrome (NS), a debilitating condition with an unmet clinical need. Increased activity of KLKs may also be pathological in other dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis (AD). Here, we describe the discovery of inhibitory antibodies against murine KLK5 and KLK7 that could compensate for the deficiency of LEKTI in NS. These antibodies are protective in mouse models of NS and AD and, when combined, promote improved skin barrier integrity and reduced inflammation. To translate these findings, we engineered a humanized bispecific antibody capable of potent inhibition of human KLK5 and KLK7. A crystal structure of KLK5 bound to the inhibitory Fab revealed that the antibody binds distal to its active site and uses a relatively unappreciated allosteric inhibition mechanism. Treatment with the bispecific anti-KLK5/7 antibody represents a promising therapy for clinical development in NS and other inflammatory dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Chavarria-Smith
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cecilia P C Chiu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Janet K Jackman
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jianping Yin
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason A Hackney
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tulika Tyagi
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yonglian Sun
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Janet Tao
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Debra Dunlap
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - William D Morton
- Confluence Discovery Technologies Inc., 4320 Duncan Ave, Suite 400, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Swapnil V Ghodge
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Henry R Maun
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hilda Hernandez-Barry
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kelly M Loyet
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Emily Chen
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John Liu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christine Tam
- Department of Biomolecular Resources, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Brian L Yaspan
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mercedesz Balazs
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Arthur J Wittwer
- Confluence Discovery Technologies Inc., 4320 Duncan Ave, Suite 400, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Rajita Pappu
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cary D Austin
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robert A Lazarus
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - James T Koerber
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tangsheng Yi
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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14
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Dong Q, Li D, Xie BB, Hu LH, Huang J, Jia XX, Tang YL, Liu GH, Shen NN, Yu XB. IL-17A and TNF-α inhibitors induce multiple molecular changes in psoriasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015182. [PMID: 36483564 PMCID: PMC9723344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adalimumab and secukinumab are commonly used for moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris (PV). Although distinct individual responses to and impaired effectiveness of these biological agents occur occasionally, little is known about the underlying reasons. Here, we report a proteomic analysis of psoriatic lesions from patients treated with these drugs using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). Thousands of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) changed over 12 weeks of treatment. Network analysis showed that DEPs could interact and induce transformation in matrix components, metabolic regulation, and immune response. The results of parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis suggested that S100s, STAT1, KRT2, TYMP, SOD2, HSP90AB1, TFRC, and COL5A1 were the most significantly changed proteins in both groups. There was a positive association between the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score and three proteins (TFRC, IMPDH2, KRT2). Our study findings suggest that inhibition of IL-17A and TNF-α can induce changes in multiple molecules in psoriatic lesions and have an overlapping influence on the immune response and process through direct or indirect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bi Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Hua Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Xiao Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gan Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Ning Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Bing Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Diamandis EP. My scientific genealogy and the Toronto ACDC Laboratory, 1988–2022. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1515-1518. [PMID: 36405236 PMCID: PMC9644701 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a saying that as people get older, they prefer to speak more about the past and less about the future. As I go through the last chapter of my scientific career, which spans from 1988–2022, I traced my scientific genealogy and the most important scientific achievements of my laboratory. By examining close to 1,000 PubMed-indexed papers published, I found out that none of them describes best our most important contributions. Also, by realizing that our contributions in science would have likely been discovered by others shortly afterwards, I focused my attention to other metrics. I suggest here that the best metric of success is the number of people that have been trained in my lab, and found their own way in their professional and other endeavors. Over the years, I trained over 250 individuals, of which 49 obtained a PhD, 19 an MSc, 37 were post-doctoral fellows, 5 were clinical fellows and about 150 were co-op/undergraduates and summer students. Many of these individuals now hold important positions in Academia, Government and Industry. My graduates, who have now created their own genealogy and many more individuals with roots to my laboratory, are now serving the society. In conclusion, I consider the development of young trainees as my most important career contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St [Box 32]; Flr 6 – Rm L6-201-1 , Toronto , ON, M5T 3L9 , Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network , Toronto , Canada
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16
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Hyppönen E, Vimaleswaran KS, Zhou A. Genetic Determinants of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Their Relevance to Public Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:4408. [PMID: 36297091 PMCID: PMC9606877 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin studies suggest a considerable genetic contribution to the variability in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, reporting heritability estimates up to 80% in some studies. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggest notably lower rates (13−16%), they have identified many independent variants that associate with serum 25(OH)D concentrations. These discoveries have provided some novel insight into the metabolic pathway, and in this review we outline findings from GWAS studies to date with a particular focus on 35 variants which have provided replicating evidence for an association with 25(OH)D across independent large-scale analyses. Some of the 25(OH)D associating variants are linked directly to the vitamin D metabolic pathway, while others may reflect differences in storage capacity, lipid metabolism, and pathways reflecting skin properties. By constructing a genetic score including these 25(OH)D associated variants we show that genetic differences in 25(OH)D concentrations persist across the seasons, and the odds of having low concentrations (<50 nmol/L) are about halved for individuals in the highest 20% of vitamin D genetic score compared to the lowest quintile, an impact which may have notable influences on retaining adequate levels. We also discuss recent studies on personalized approaches to vitamin D supplementation and show how Mendelian randomization studies can help inform public health strategies to reduce adverse health impacts of vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
- The Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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17
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Sasaki R, Kurebayashi N, Eguchi H, Horimoto Y, Shiga T, Miyazaki S, Kashiyama T, Akamatsu W, Saito M. Involvement of kallikrein-PAR2-proinflammatory pathway in severe trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3449-3462. [PMID: 35879248 PMCID: PMC9530879 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity interferes with continued treatment in approximately 10% of patients with ErbB2‐positive breast cancer, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we recruited trastuzumab‐treated patients with ≥30% reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (SP) and noncardiotoxic patients (NP). From each of these patients, we established three cases of induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (pt‐iPSC‐CMs). Reduced contraction and relaxation velocities following trastuzumab treatment were more evident in SP pt‐iPSC‐CMs than NP pt‐iPSC‐CMs, indicating the cardiotoxicity phenotype could be replicated. Differences in ATP production, reactive oxygen species, and autophagy activity were observed between the two groups. Analysis of transcripts revealed enhanced kallikrein5 expression and pro‐inflammatory signaling pathways, such as interleukin‐1β, in SP pt‐iPSC‐CMs after trastuzumab treatment. The kallilkrein5‐protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2)‐MAPK signaling pathway was more activated in SP pt‐iPSC‐CMs, and treatment with a PAR2‐antagonist suppressed interleukin‐1β expression. Our data indicate enhanced pro‐inflammatory responses through kallikrein5‐PAR2 signaling and vulnerability to external stresses appear to be the cause of trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity in SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Sasaki
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hidetaka Eguchi
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiya Horimoto
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takahiro Shiga
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Sakiko Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Taku Kashiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mitsue Saito
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
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18
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Gonschorek P, Zorzi A, Maric T, Le Jeune M, Schüttel M, Montagnon M, Gómez-Ojea R, Vollmar DP, Whitfield C, Reymond L, Carle V, Verma H, Schilling O, Hovnanian A, Heinis C. Phage Display Selected Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases 5 and 7 and Their In Vivo Delivery to the Skin. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9735-9749. [PMID: 35653695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases 5 (KLK5) and 7 (KLK7) are serine proteases with homeostatic functions in the epidermis that play a critical role in Netherton syndrome (NS), a rare yet life-threatening genetic disorder that currently lacks specific treatment. Previous research suggests that controlling KLKs could lead to the development of NS therapies, but existing synthetic inhibitors have limitations. Herein, we used phage display to screen libraries comprising more than 100 billion different cyclic peptides and found selective, high-affinity inhibitors of KLK5 (Ki = 2.2 ± 0.1 nM) and KLK7 (Ki = 16 ± 4 nM). By eliminating protease-prone sites and conjugating the inhibitors to an albumin-binding peptide, we enhanced the inhibitor stability and prolonged the elimination half-life to around 5 h in mice. In tissue sections taken from mice, a fluorescently labeled peptide was detected in the epidermis, suggesting that the inhibitors can reach the KLKs upon systemic delivery and should be suited to control deregulated protease activity in NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gonschorek
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Zorzi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Maric
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Le Jeune
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Mischa Schüttel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Montagnon
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Rebeca Gómez-Ojea
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Denis Patrick Vollmar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Whitfield
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Luc Reymond
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Carle
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Hitesh Verma
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christian Heinis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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19
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Fu L, Yonemura A, Yasuda-Yoshihara N, Umemoto T, Zhang J, Yasuda T, Uchihara T, Akiyama T, Kitamura F, Yamashita K, Okamoto Y, Bu L, Wei F, Hu X, Liu Y, Ajani JA, Tan P, Baba H, Ishimoto T. Intracellular MUC20 variant 2 maintains mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and enhances drug resistance in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:542-557. [PMID: 35166958 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-022-01283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a particular histologic variant of gastric cancer (GC). However, the critical factor related to the aggressive characteristics of SRCC has not been determined. METHODS We collected surgically resected tissues from 360 GC patients in the Kumamoto University cohort and generated survival curves via the Kaplan-Meier method. In vitro, we identified the specific transcript variant of MUC20 in SRCC cells by direct sequencing and investigated the role of MUC20 in GC progression using GC cells with MUC20 silencing and forced expression. In vivo, we examined chemoresistance using MUC20 variant 2 (MUC20v2)-overexpressing non-SRCC cells to construct a xenograft mouse model. RESULTS We analyzed a comprehensive GC cell line database to identify the specifically expressed genes in gastric SRCC. We focused on MUC20 and investigated its role in GC progression. Survival analysis revealed that GC patients with high MUC20 expression exhibited a poor prognosis and that MUC20 expression was significantly correlated with SRCC histological type. Moreover, we found that gastric SRCC cells specifically expressed MUC20v2, which was dominantly expressed in the cytoplasm. Silencing MUC20v2 caused cell death with characteristic morphological changes in gastric SRCC cells. To further determine the types of cell death, we examined apoptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis by detecting cleaved PARP, gasdermin E-N-terminal (GSDME-N), and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, respectively. We found that apoptosis and pyroptosis occurred in MUC20-silenced gastric SRCC cells. In addition, MUC20v2-overexpressing GC cells exhibited chemoresistance to cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel (PTX). RNA sequencing revealed that the pathways involved in intracellular calcium regulation were significantly upregulated in MUC20v2-overexpressing GC cells. Notably, forced expression of MUC20v2 in the cytoplasm of GC cells led to the maintenance of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which promoted cell survival and chemoresistance by suppressing apoptosis and pyroptosis. Finally, we investigated the significance of MUC20v2 in a xenograft model treated with CDDP and showed that MUC20v2 overexpression caused chemoresistance by inhibiting cell death. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the novel functions of MUC20v2, which may confer cell survival and drug resistance in GC cells. SIGNIFICANCE MUC20v2 protects GC cells from apoptosis and pyroptosis by maintaining mitochondrial calcium levels and mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently induces drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yonemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Yasuda-Yoshihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tadahito Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Uchihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Luke Bu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Xichen Hu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Second Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, China
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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20
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Jackman JK, Stockwell A, Choy DF, Xie MM, Lu P, Jia G, Li H, Abbas AR, Bronson PG, Lin WY, Chiu CPC, Maun HR, Roose-Girma M, Tam L, Zhang J, Modrusan Z, Graham RR, Behrens TW, White SR, Naureckas T, Ober C, Ferreira M, Sedlacek R, Wu J, Lee WP, Lazarus RA, Koerber JT, Arron JR, Yaspan BL, Yi T. Genome-wide association study identifies kallikrein 5 in type 2 inflammation-low asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:972-978.e7. [PMID: 35487308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies of type 2 (T2) cytokine-related neutralizing antibodies in asthma have identified a substantial subset of patients with low levels of T2 inflammation who do not benefit from T2 cytokine neutralizing antibody treatment. Non type 2 mechanisms are poorly understood in asthma but represent the redefined unmet medical need. OBJECTIVE To gain understanding of the genetic contribution to T2-low asthma. METHODS We utilized an unbiased genome-wide association study (GWAS) of moderate-severe asthma patients stratified by T2 serum biomarker periostin. We also performed additional expression and biological analysis for the top genetic hit. RESULTS This analysis identified a novel protective SNP at chr19q13.41 which is selectively associated with T2-low asthma and establishes KLK5 as the causal gene mediating this association. Heterozygous carriers of the SNP have reduced KLK5 expression. KLK5 is secreted by human bronchial epithelial cells and elevated in asthma bronchial alveolar lavage. T2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 downregulate KLK5 in human bronchial epithelial cells. KLK5, dependent on its catalytic function, induces epithelial chemokine/cytokine expression. Lastly, overexpression of KLK5 in airway, or lack of an endogenous KLK5 inhibitor, SPINK5, leads to spontaneous airway neutrophilic inflammation. CONCLUSION Our data identifies KLK5 as the causal gene at a novel locus at chr19q13.41 associated with T2-low asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet K Jackman
- Department of Immunology Discovery, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Amy Stockwell
- Department of Human Genetics, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - David F Choy
- Department of Biomarker Discovery OMNI, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Markus M Xie
- Department of Immunology Discovery, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Peipei Lu
- Department of Immunology Discovery, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Guiquan Jia
- Department of Biomarker Discovery OMNI, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Protein Chemistry, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Alexander R Abbas
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, South San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Department of Antibody Engineering, South San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Henry R Maun
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, South San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Lucinda Tam
- Department of Molecular Biology, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Translational Immunology, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics and Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, Calif
| | | | | | - Steven R White
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ted Naureckas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Chicago, Ill
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Manuel Ferreira
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Labortory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Department of Protein Chemistry, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Translational Immunology, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Robert A Lazarus
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - James T Koerber
- Department of Antibody Engineering, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Department of Immunology Discovery, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Brian L Yaspan
- Department of Human Genetics, South San Francisco, Calif.
| | - Tangsheng Yi
- Department of Immunology Discovery, South San Francisco, Calif.
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21
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Plant Kunitz Inhibitors and Their Interaction with Proteases: Current and Potential Pharmacological Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094742. [PMID: 35563133 PMCID: PMC9100506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The action of proteases can be controlled by several mechanisms, including regulation through gene expression; post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation; zymogen activation; targeting specific compartments, such as lysosomes and mitochondria; and blocking proteolysis using endogenous inhibitors. Protease inhibitors are important molecules to be explored for the control of proteolytic processes in organisms because of their ability to act on several proteases. In this context, plants synthesize numerous proteins that contribute to protection against attacks by microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) and/or invertebrates (insects and nematodes) through the inhibition of proteases in these organisms. These proteins are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and are present in higher concentrations in legume seeds (compared to other organs and other botanical families), motivating studies on their inhibitory effects in various organisms, including humans. In most cases, the biological roles of these proteins have been assigned based mostly on their in vitro action, as is the case with enzyme inhibitors. This review highlights the structural evolution, function, and wide variety of effects of plant Kunitz protease inhibitors, and their potential for pharmaceutical application based on their interactions with different proteases.
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22
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Vickram S, Rohini K, Anbarasu K, Dey N, Jeyanthi P, Thanigaivel S, Issac PK, Arockiaraj J. Semenogelin, a coagulum macromolecule monitoring factor involved in the first step of fertilization: A prospective review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:951-962. [PMID: 35447263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human male infertility affects approximately 1/10 couples worldwide, and its prevalence is found more in developed countries. Along with sperm cells, the secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis plays a major role in proper fertilization. Many studies have proven the functions of seminal vesicle secretions, especially semenogelin protein, as an optimiser for fertilization. Semenogelin provides the structural components for coagulum formation after ejaculation. It binds with eppin and is found to have major functions like motility of sperm, transporting the sperm safely in the immune rich female reproductive tract until the sperm cells reach the egg intact. The capacitation process is essential for proper fertilization and semenogelin involved in mediating capacitation in time. Also, it has control of events towards the first step in the fertilization process. It is a Zn ions binding protein, and Zn ions act as a cofactor that helps in the proper motility of sperm cells. Therefore, any imbalance in protein that automatically affect sperm physiology and fertility status. This review sheds a comprehensive and critical view on the significant functions of semenogelin in fertilization. This review can open up advanced proteomics research on semenogelin towards unravelling molecular mechanisms in fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karunakaran Rohini
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Krishnan Anbarasu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nibedita Dey
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanivelu Jeyanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaram Thanigaivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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23
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Srinivasan S, Kryza T, Batra J, Clements J. Remodelling of the tumour microenvironment by the kallikrein-related peptidases. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:223-238. [PMID: 35102281 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are critical regulators of the tumour microenvironment. KLKs are proteolytic enzymes regulating multiple functions of bioactive molecules including hormones and growth factors, membrane receptors and the extracellular matrix architecture involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Perturbations of the proteolytic cascade generated by these peptidases, and their downstream signalling actions, underlie tumour emergence or blockade of tumour growth. Recent studies have also revealed their role in tumour immune suppression and resistance to cancer therapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the KLK family and its context-dependent nature in cancer, and discuss the different therapeutic strategies available to potentially target these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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24
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Wang D, Li C, Chiu MC, Yu Y, Liu X, Zhao X, Huang J, Cheng Z, Yuan S, Poon V, Cai J, Chu H, Chan JF, To KK, Yuen KY, Zhou J. SPINK6 inhibits human airway serine proteases and restricts influenza virus activation. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14485. [PMID: 34826211 PMCID: PMC9976594 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SPINK6 was identified in human skin as a cellular inhibitor of serine proteases of the KLK family. Airway serine proteases are required to cleave hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A viruses (IAVs) to initiate an infection in the human airway. We hypothesized that SPINK6 may inhibit common airway serine proteases and restrict IAV activation. We demonstrate that SPINK6 specifically suppresses the proteolytic activity of HAT and KLK5, HAT- and KLK5-mediated HA cleavage, and restricts virus maturation and replication. SPINK6 constrains the activation of progeny virions and impairs viral growth; and vice versa, blocking endogenous SPINK6 enhances HA cleavage and viral growth in physiological-relevant human airway organoids where SPINK6 is intrinsically expressed. In IAV-infected mice, SPINK6 significantly suppresses viral growth and improves mouse survival. Notably, individuals carrying the higher SPINK6 expression allele were protected from human H7N9 infection. Collectively, SPINK6 is a novel host inhibitor of serine proteases in the human airway and restricts IAV activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Cun Li
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Man Chun Chiu
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Zhongshan Cheng
- Applied Bioinformatics CenterSt Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Vincent Poon
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Jian‐Piao Cai
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Jasper Fuk‐Woo Chan
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,Carol Yu Centre for InfectionThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Kelvin Kai‐Wang To
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,Carol Yu Centre for InfectionThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Kwok Yung Yuen
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,Carol Yu Centre for InfectionThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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25
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Baumann A, Isak D, Lohbeck J, Jagtap PKA, Hennig J, Miller AK. Scalable synthesis and structural characterization of reversible KLK6 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26989-26993. [PMID: 36320846 PMCID: PMC9490775 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Scalable asymmetric syntheses of two kallikrein-related protease 6 (KLK6) inhibitors are reported. The inhibitors are assembled by linking enantiomerically enriched fragments via amide bond formation, followed by conversion of a cyano group to an amidine. One fragment, an amine, was prepared using the Ellman auxiliary, and a lack of clarity in the literature regarding the stereochemical outcome of this reaction was solved via X-ray crystallographic analysis of two derivatives. Complexes of the inhibitors bound to human KLK6 were solved by X-ray crystallography, revealing the binding poses. We report scalable syntheses of two potent and selective kallikrein related peptidase 6 (KLK6) inhibitors, as well as X-ray crystal structures of both inhibitors as protein-ligand complexes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Baumann
- Cancer Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Isak
- Cancer Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Lohbeck
- Cancer Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pravin Kumar Ankush Jagtap
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Biochemistry IV, Biophysical Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Aubry K. Miller
- Cancer Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Qing Y, Li Q, Zhao LY, Shi P, Shan JL, Zhang W. LncRNA-PANDAR regulates the progression of thyroid carcinoma by targeting miR-637/KLK4. J Cancer 2021; 12:5879-5887. [PMID: 34476001 PMCID: PMC8408101 DOI: 10.7150/jca.55181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid gland carcinoma (TC) originates from follicular or parafollicular thyroid cells and is one of the most common endocrine organ malignancies. To explore the molecular mechanism by which long-chain non-coding RNAs regulate the growth and metastasis of thyroid gland carcinoma, in this study we focused on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. We identified Promoter Region of CDKN 1A antisense DNA damage-activated RNA (PANDAR), which was positively correlated with thyroid gland carcinoma risk. PANDAR could promote thyroid gland carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis. PANDAR negatively correlated with miR-637, and miR-637 overexpression suppressed thyroid gland carcinoma progression, which could be reversed by PANDAR. MiR-637 could target Kallikrein-related peptidases 4 (KLK4) to inhibit its expression, which was high in thyroid gland carcinoma. KLK4 inhibited cell progression in thyroid gland carcinoma cells. Knockdown of PANDAR expression inhibited cancer progression in nude mice. Overall, PANDAR can suppress miR-637 and induce KLK4 to regulate invasion and migration in thyroid gland carcinoma. Additionally, we identified miR-637 as a target of PANDAR in thyroid gland carcinoma, and PANDAR can be used as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of thyroid gland carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qing
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Oncology, Daping hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhao
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, 628000, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, 628000, China
| | - Jin-Lu Shan
- Department of Oncology, Daping hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of medical oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
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27
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Chang JS, Kim N, Kim JY, Do SI, Cho Y, Kim HS, Kim YB. Kallikrein 5 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in uterine cervical cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2021; 31:e78. [PMID: 33078588 PMCID: PMC7593226 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Kallikrein 5 (KLK5), which is frequently observed in normal cervico-vaginal fluid, is known to be related to prognosis in several solid tumors. We investigated the prognostic significance of KLK5 in uterine cervical cancer using tumor tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry staining. Methods We analyzed samples of 165 patients with uterine cervical cancer who received definitive radiation therapy between 2004 and 2012. We divided patients into two groups stratified by their KLK5 activity by immunohistochemistry staining: negative/weak (0–1+) (n=120 patients) and moderate/strong (2–3+) group (n=45 patients). Patient and tumor characteristics, patterns of failure, and survival outcomes were compared. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. Results Patients with KLK5 2–3+ were younger (median: 52 vs. 60 years) and had frequent paraaortic lymph node involvement (40.0% vs. 18.3%) than those with KLK5 0–1+. With a median follow-up of 60.8 (interquartile range, 47.5–77.9) months, patients with KLK5 2–3+ had inferior 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival of 61.7% (vs. 77.5% in KLK5 0–1+ group) and 59.4% (vs. 72.8% in the KLK5 0–1+ group), respectively (all p<0.05). KLK5 2–3+ expression retained its significance after adjusting for other well-known prognostic factors of tumor size and stage in multivariable analysis. Conclusions KLK5 overexpression is associated with the aggressiveness of cervical cancer and may underlie the diminished response to conventional treatments. Therefore, KLK5 could be a reliable prognostic factor in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Suk Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nalee Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Im Do
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeona Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yong Bae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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28
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Rabinovitch E, Mihara K, Sananes A, Zaretsky M, Heyne M, Shifman J, Aharoni A, Hollenberg MD, Papo N. A KLK4 proteinase substrate capture approach to antagonize PAR1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16170. [PMID: 34373558 PMCID: PMC8352894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), triggered by thrombin and other serine proteinases such as tissue kallikrein-4 (KLK4), is a key driver of inflammation, tumor invasiveness and tumor metastasis. The PAR1 transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor therefore represents an attractive target for therapeutic inhibitors. We thus used a computational design to develop a new PAR1 antagonist, namely, a catalytically inactive human KLK4 that acts as a proteinase substrate-capture reagent, preventing receptor cleavage (and hence activation) by binding to and occluding the extracellular R41-S42 canonical PAR1 proteolytic activation site. On the basis of in silico site-saturation mutagenesis, we then generated KLK4S207A,L185D, a first-of-a-kind 'decoy' PAR1 inhibitor, by mutating the S207A and L185D residues in wild-type KLK4, which strongly binds to PAR1. KLK4S207A,L185D markedly inhibited PAR1 cleavage, and PAR1-mediated MAPK/ERK activation as well as the migration and invasiveness of melanoma cells. This 'substrate-capturing' KLK4 variant, engineered to bind to PAR1, illustrates proof of principle for the utility of a KLK4 'proteinase substrate capture' approach to regulate proteinase-mediated PAR1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Rabinovitch
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Koishiro Mihara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Amiram Sananes
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Marianna Zaretsky
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Heyne
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus, 91906, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Julia Shifman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus, 91906, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Aharoni
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Niv Papo
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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29
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Candido JB, Maiques O, Boxberg M, Kast V, Peerani E, Tomás-Bort E, Weichert W, Sananes A, Papo N, Magdolen V, Sanz-Moreno V, Loessner D. Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6 Is Associated with the Tumour Microenvironment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163969. [PMID: 34439122 PMCID: PMC8392253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Kallikrein-related peptidases have tumour-biological roles and are dysregulated in many cancers. Only a few studies have reported their upregulation in pancreatic cancer and linked them to poor prognosis. By interrogating publicly available and our own datasets, we studied their expression in patient-derived tissues and pancreatic cancer cells. We found several kallikrein-related peptidases that were upregulated, in particular kallikrein-related peptidase 6 at the forefront of the tumour area. We then tested the effect of a kallikrein-related peptidase 6 inhibitor on cancer cell functions. Because the majority of patients present with inoperable disease, a targeted therapeutic intervention may have a positive impact on the survival of this patient population. Abstract As cancer-associated factors, kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are components of the tumour microenvironment, which represents a rich substrate repertoire, and considered attractive targets for the development of novel treatments. Standard-of-care therapy of pancreatic cancer shows unsatisfactory results, indicating the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. We aimed to investigate the expression of KLKs in pancreatic cancer and to inhibit the function of KLK6 in pancreatic cancer cells. KLK6, KLK7, KLK8, KLK10 and KLK11 were coexpressed and upregulated in tissues from pancreatic cancer patients compared to normal pancreas. Their high expression levels correlated with each other and were linked to shorter survival compared to low KLK levels. We then validated KLK6 mRNA and protein expression in patient-derived tissues and pancreatic cancer cells. Coexpression of KLK6 with KRT19, αSMA or CD68 was independent of tumour stage, while KLK6 was coexpressed with KRT19 and CD68 in the invasive tumour area. High KLK6 levels in tumour and CD68+ cells were linked to shorter survival. KLK6 inhibition reduced KLK6 mRNA expression, cell metabolic activity and KLK6 secretion and increased the secretion of other serine and aspartic lysosomal proteases. The association of high KLK levels and poor prognosis suggests that inhibiting KLKs may be a therapeutic strategy for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana B. Candido
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Melanie Boxberg
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81657 Munich, Germany; (M.B.); (W.W.)
| | - Verena Kast
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Hohe Straβe 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Eleonora Peerani
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Elena Tomás-Bort
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81657 Munich, Germany; (M.B.); (W.W.)
| | - Amiram Sananes
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Niv Papo
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Hohe Straβe 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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30
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Li M, Srp J, Mareš M, Wlodawer A, Gustchina A. Structural studies of complexes of kallikrein 4 with wild-type and mutated forms of the Kunitz-type inhibitor BbKI. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1084-1098. [PMID: 34342281 PMCID: PMC8329858 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321006483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Structures of BbKI, a recombinant Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor from Bauhinia bauhinioides, complexed with human kallikrein 4 (KLK4) were determined at medium-to-high resolution in four crystal forms (space groups P3121, P6522, P21 and P61). Although the fold of the protein was virtually identical in all of the crystals, some significant differences were observed in the conformation of Arg64 of BbKI, the residue that occupies the S1 pocket in KLK4. Whereas this residue exhibited two orientations in the highest resolution structure (P3121), making either a canonical trypsin-like interaction with Asp189 of KLK4 or an alternate interaction, only a single alternate orientation was observed in the other three structures. A neighboring disulfide, Cys191-Cys220, was partially or fully broken in all KLK4 structures. Four variants of BbKI in which Arg64 was replaced by Met, Phe, Ala and Asp were expressed and crystallized, and their structures were determined in complex with KLK4. Structures of the Phe and Met variants complexed with bovine trypsin and of the Phe variant complexed with α-chymotrypsin were also determined. Although the inhibitory potency of these variant forms of BbKI was lowered by up to four orders of magnitude, only small changes were seen in the vicinity of the mutated residues. Therefore, a totality of subtle differences in KLK4-BbKI interactions within the fully extended interface in the structures of these variants might be responsible for the observed effect. Screening of the BbKI variants against a panel of serine proteases revealed an altered pattern of inhibitory specificity, which was shifted towards that of chymotrypsin-like proteases for the hydrophobic Phe and Met P1 substitutions. This work reports the first structures of plant Kunitz inhibitors with S1-family serine proteases other than trypsin, as well as new insights into the specificity of inhibition of medically relevant kallikreins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jaroslav Srp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alla Gustchina
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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31
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Zhao Y, Liu Z, Li L, Wu J, Zhang H, Zhang H, Lei T, Xu B. Oncolytic Adenovirus: Prospects for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:707290. [PMID: 34367111 PMCID: PMC8334181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has moved to the forefront of modern oncologic treatment in the past few decades. Various forms of immunotherapy currently are emerging, including oncolytic viruses. In this therapy, viruses are engineered to selectively propagate in tumor cells and reduce toxicity for non-neoplastic tissues. Adenovirus is one of the most frequently employed oncolytic viruses because of its capacity in tumor cell lysis and immune response stimulation. Upregulation of immunostimulatory signals induced by oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) might significantly remove local immune suppression and amplify antitumor immune responses. Existing genetic engineering technology allows us to design OAds with increasingly better tumor tropism, selectivity, and antitumor efficacy. Several promising strategies to modify the genome of OAds have been applied: capsid modifications, small deletions in the pivotal viral genes, insertion of tumor-specific promoters, and addition of immunostimulatory transgenes. OAds armed with tumor-associated antigen (TAA) transgenes as cancer vaccines provide additional therapeutic strategies to trigger tumor-specific immunity. Furthermore, the combination of OAds and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) increases clinical benefit as evidence shown in completed and ongoing clinical trials, especially in the combination of OAds with antiprogrammed death 1/programed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) therapy. Despite remarkable antitumor potency, oncolytic adenovirus immunotherapy is confronted with tough challenges such as antiviral immune response and obstruction of tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we focus on genomic modification strategies of oncolytic adenoviruses and applications of OAds in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haohan Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyu Lei
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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32
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Substrate-biased activity-based probes identify proteases that cleave receptor CDCP1. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:776-783. [PMID: 33859413 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is an oncogenic orphan transmembrane receptor and a promising target for the detection and treatment of cancer. Extracellular proteolysis of CDCP1 by poorly defined mechanisms induces pro-metastatic signaling. We describe a new approach for the rapid identification of proteases responsible for key proteolytic events using a substrate-biased activity-based probe (sbABP) that incorporates a substrate cleavage motif grafted onto a peptidyl diphenyl phosphonate warhead for specific target protease capture, isolation and identification. Using a CDCP1-biased probe, we identify urokinase (uPA) as the master regulator of CDCP1 proteolysis, which acts both by directly cleaving CDCP1 and by activating CDCP1-cleaving plasmin. We show that coexpression of uPA and CDCP1 is strongly predictive of poor disease outcome across multiple cancers and demonstrate that uPA-mediated CDCP1 proteolysis promotes metastasis in disease-relevant preclinical in vivo models. These results highlight CDCP1 cleavage as a potential target to disrupt cancer and establish sbABP technology as a new approach to identify disease-relevant proteases.
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33
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Lovell S, Zhang L, Kryza T, Neodo A, Bock N, De Vita E, Williams ED, Engelsberger E, Xu C, Bakker AT, Maneiro M, Tanaka RJ, Bevan CL, Clements JA, Tate EW. A Suite of Activity-Based Probes To Dissect the KLK Activome in Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8911-8924. [PMID: 34085829 PMCID: PMC9282638 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Kallikrein-related
peptidases (KLKs) are a family of secreted serine
proteases, which form a network (the KLK activome) with an important
role in proteolysis and signaling. In prostate cancer (PCa), increased
KLK activity promotes tumor growth and metastasis through multiple
biochemical pathways, and specific quantification and tracking of
changes in the KLK activome could contribute to validation of KLKs
as potential drug targets. Herein we report a technology platform
based on novel activity-based probes (ABPs) and inhibitors enabling
simultaneous orthogonal analysis of KLK2, KLK3, and KLK14 activity
in hormone-responsive PCa cell lines and tumor homogenates. Importantly,
we identifed a significant decoupling of KLK activity and abundance
and suggest that KLK proteolysis should be considered as an additional
parameter, along with the PSA blood test, for accurate PCa diagnosis
and monitoring. Using selective inhibitors and multiplexed fluorescent
activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), we dissect the KLK activome
in PCa cells and show that increased KLK14 activity leads to a migratory
phenotype. Furthermore, using biotinylated ABPs, we show that active
KLK molecules are secreted into the bone microenvironment by PCa cells
following stimulation by osteoblasts suggesting KLK-mediated signaling
mechanisms could contribute to PCa metastasis to bone. Together our
findings show that ABPP is a powerful approach to dissect dysregulation
of the KLK activome as a promising and previously underappreciated
therapeutic target in advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Lovell
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Leran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Anna Neodo
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Elena De Vita
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Engelsberger
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Congyi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alexander T Bakker
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Maria Maneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Reiko J Tanaka
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.,The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
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Pandey R, Zhou M, Chen Y, Darmoul D, Kisiel CC, Nfonsam VN, Ignatenko NA. Molecular Pathways Associated with Kallikrein 6 Overexpression in Colorectal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:749. [PMID: 34065672 PMCID: PMC8157155 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The high mortality of CRC is related to its ability to metastasize to distant organs. The kallikrein-related peptidase Kallikrein 6 (KLK6) is overexpressed in CRC and contributes to cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The goal of this study was to identify KLK6-associated markers for the CRC prognosis and treatment. Tumor Samples from the CRC patients with significantly elevated KLK6 transcript levels were identified in the RNA-Seq data from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and their expression profiles were evaluated using Gene Ontology (GO), Phenotype and Reactome enrichment, and protein interaction methods. KLK6-high cases had a distinct spectrum of mutations in titin (TTN), APC, K-RAS, and MUC16 genes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) found in the KLK6-overexpressing CRCs were associated with cell signaling, extracellular matrix organization, and cell communication regulatory pathways. The top KLK6-interaction partners were found to be the members of kallikrein family (KLK7, KLK8, KLK10), extracellular matrix associated proteins (keratins, integrins, small proline rich repeat, S100A families) and TGF-β, FOS, and Ser/Thr protein kinase signaling pathways. Expression of selected KLK6-associated genes was validated in a subset of paired normal and tumor CRC patient-derived organoid cultures. The performed analyses identified KLK6 itself and a set of genes, which are co-expressed with KLK6, as potential clinical biomarkers for the management of the CRC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Pandey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Muhan Zhou
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (M.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuliang Chen
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (M.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Dalila Darmoul
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Paris, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Conner C. Kisiel
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Valentine N. Nfonsam
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Natalia A. Ignatenko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
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35
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Riedel M, Bronger H, Magdolen V, Dreyer T. The prognostic and diagnostic potential of kallikrein-related peptidases in ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:535-545. [PMID: 33947310 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1924680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies among women worldwide. The lack of early diagnostic markers fuels an unfavorable prognosis as most patients are at an advanced stage when the disease is diagnosed for the first time. The role of the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family in ovarian cancer progression and prognosis has been thoroughly investigated in various studies. Most of these peptidases are upregulated in ovarian cancer tissue compared to normal ovarian tissue and their expression is linked to overall and progression-free survival (OS/PFS). In this review, we address the clinical relevance of KLKs in ovarian cancer and their diagnostic potential.Areas covered: This review covers the expression and regulation of KLKs in ovarian cancer with focus on the prognostic and diagnostic potential, especially in liquid biopsies.Expert opinion: In ovarian cancer, several kallikrein-related peptidases are markedly expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Tumor-derived protease secretion results in elevated levels in serum and ascites. KLKs may thus serve as potential biomarkers alone or in combination with other serum tumor markers, such as Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125), for early detection and assessment of the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Riedel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Bronger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Dreyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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36
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Lavergne M, Guillon-Munos A, Lenga Ma Bonda W, Attucci S, Kryza T, Barascu A, Moreau T, Petit-Courty A, Sizaret D, Courty Y, Iochmann S, Reverdiau P. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 is a potent kallikrein-related protease 12 inhibitor. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1257-1268. [PMID: 33977679 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The protease activities are tightly regulated by inhibitors and dysregulation contribute to pathological processes such as cancer and inflammatory disorders. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) is a serine proteases inhibitor, that mainly inhibits plasmin. This protease activated matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and degraded extracellular matrix. Other serine proteases are implicated in these mechanisms like kallikreins (KLKs). In this study, we identified for the first time that TFPI-2 is a potent inhibitor of KLK5 and 12. Computer modeling showed that the first Kunitz domain of TFPI-2 could interact with residues of KLK12 near the catalytic triad. Furthermore, like plasmin, KLK12 was able to activate proMMP-1 and -3, with no effect on proMMP-9. Thus, the inhibition of KLK12 by TFPI-2 greatly reduced the cascade activation of these MMPs and the cleavage of cysteine-rich 61, a matrix signaling protein. Moreover, when TFPI-2 bound to extracellular matrix, its classical localisation, the KLK12 inhibition was retained. Finally, TFPI-2 was downregulated in human non-small-cell lung tumour tissue as compared with non-affected lung tissue. These data suggest that TFPI-2 is a potent inhibitor of KLK12 and could regulate matrix remodeling and cancer progression mediated by KLK12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lavergne
- Université de Tours, F-37032Tours, France.,INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032Tours, France
| | - Audrey Guillon-Munos
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032Tours, France.,Groupe IMT, Bio3 Institute, 15 rue du Plat D'Etain, F-37020Tours Cedex 1, France
| | - Woodys Lenga Ma Bonda
- Université de Tours, F-37032Tours, France.,INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Attucci
- Université de Tours, F-37032Tours, France.,INSERM, Imagerie et Cerveau (iBrain), UMR 1253, F-37000Tours, France
| | - Thomas Kryza
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032Tours, France.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woollongabba Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aurélia Barascu
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032Tours, France.,UMR 8226-CNRS/UPMC, Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique, Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005Paris, France
| | - Thierry Moreau
- Université de Tours, F-37032Tours, France.,INRA, UMR INRA 0083 - Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), F-37380Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnès Petit-Courty
- Université de Tours, F-37032Tours, France.,INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032Tours, France
| | - Damien Sizaret
- Département d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, F-37044Tours, France
| | - Yves Courty
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032Tours, France
| | - Sophie Iochmann
- Université de Tours, F-37032Tours, France.,INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032Tours, France.,Institut Universitaire de Technologie, F-37082Tours, France
| | - Pascale Reverdiau
- Université de Tours, F-37032Tours, France.,INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032Tours, France.,Institut Universitaire de Technologie, F-37082Tours, France
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37
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Aït Amiri S, Deboux C, Soualmia F, Chaaya N, Louet M, Duplus E, Betuing S, Nait Oumesmar B, Masurier N, El Amri C. Identification of First-in-Class Inhibitors of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6 That Promote Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5667-5688. [PMID: 33949859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes severe motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK)6 is the most abundant serine protease secreted in the CNS, mainly by oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the CNS, and KLK6 is assumed to be a robust biomarker of MS, since it is highly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients. Here, we report the design and biological evaluation of KLK6's low-molecular-weight inhibitors, para-aminobenzyl derivatives. Interestingly, selected hit compounds were selective of the KLK6 proteolytic network encompassing KLK1 and plasmin that also participate in the development of MS physiopathology. Moreover, hits were found noncytotoxic on primary cultures of murine neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Among them, two compounds (32 and 42) were shown to promote the differentiation of OPCs into mature oligodendrocytes in vitro constituting thus emerging leads for the development of regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Aït Amiri
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Deboux
- Institut du Cerveau, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7725, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Feryel Soualmia
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Nancy Chaaya
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Louet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Duplus
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Betuing
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8246-CNRS/INSERM U1130, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Brahim Nait Oumesmar
- Institut du Cerveau, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7725, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
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38
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Peleg Y, Vincentelli R, Collins BM, Chen KE, Livingstone EK, Weeratunga S, Leneva N, Guo Q, Remans K, Perez K, Bjerga GEK, Larsen Ø, Vaněk O, Skořepa O, Jacquemin S, Poterszman A, Kjær S, Christodoulou E, Albeck S, Dym O, Ainbinder E, Unger T, Schuetz A, Matthes S, Bader M, de Marco A, Storici P, Semrau MS, Stolt-Bergner P, Aigner C, Suppmann S, Goldenzweig A, Fleishman SJ. Community-Wide Experimental Evaluation of the PROSS Stability-Design Method. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166964. [PMID: 33781758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a dramatic improvement in protein-design methodology. Nevertheless, most methods demand expert intervention, limiting their widespread adoption. By contrast, the PROSS algorithm for improving protein stability and heterologous expression levels has been successfully applied to a range of challenging enzymes and binding proteins. Here, we benchmark the application of PROSS as a stand-alone tool for protein scientists with no or limited experience in modeling. Twelve laboratories from the Protein Production and Purification Partnership in Europe (P4EU) challenged the PROSS algorithm with 14 unrelated protein targets without support from the PROSS developers. For each target, up to six designs were evaluated for expression levels and in some cases, for thermal stability and activity. In nine targets, designs exhibited increased heterologous expression levels either in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic expression systems under experimental conditions that were tailored for each target protein. Furthermore, we observed increased thermal stability in nine of ten tested targets. In two prime examples, the human Stem Cell Factor (hSCF) and human Cadherin-Like Domain (CLD12) from the RET receptor, the wild type proteins were not expressible as soluble proteins in E. coli, yet the PROSS designs exhibited high expression levels in E. coli and HEK293 cells, respectively, and improved thermal stability. We conclude that PROSS may improve stability and expressibility in diverse cases, and that improvement typically requires target-specific expression conditions. This study demonstrates the strengths of community-wide efforts to probe the generality of new methods and recommends areas for future research to advance practically useful algorithms for protein science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Peleg
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Brett M Collins
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kai-En Chen
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Emma K Livingstone
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Saroja Weeratunga
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Natalya Leneva
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Qian Guo
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kim Remans
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathryn Perez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gro E K Bjerga
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Postboks 22 Nygårdstangen, 5038 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øivind Larsen
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Postboks 22 Nygårdstangen, 5038 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Skořepa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sophie Jacquemin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Poterszman
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Svend Kjær
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Evangelos Christodoulou
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Shira Albeck
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Orly Dym
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elena Ainbinder
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tamar Unger
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anja Schuetz
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Susann Matthes
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ario de Marco
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Paola Storici
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste - SS 14 - km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marta S Semrau
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste - SS 14 - km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Peggy Stolt-Bergner
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities GmbH, Dr. Bohr-gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Aigner
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities GmbH, Dr. Bohr-gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Suppmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Biochemistry Core Facility, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Adi Goldenzweig
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sarel J Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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39
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Romano de Carvalho D, Farias Ximenes V, Groppo M, Cardoso CL. Ligand screening assay for the enzyme kallikrein immobilized on NHS-activated Sepharose. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 199:114026. [PMID: 33774457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human tissue kallikreins (KLKs) are serine proteases involved in various physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer and neurological disorders. These enzymes constitute attractive drug targets, which has stimulated the search for new KLK inhibitors. In this study, we have covalently immobilized porcine pancreas KLK on an NHS-activated Sepharose matrix, to obtain KLK-Sepharose-NHS. The immobilized enzyme showed high recovered activity and maintained the ability of free KLK to recognize the synthetic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC (KMapp = 10.3 ± 0.9 μM). As proof of concept, we used leupeptin as a reference inhibitor to perform inhibition studies for KLK-Sepharose-NHS and to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.01 μM), the inhibition constant (Ki = 0.06 μM), and the leupeptin inhibition mechanism. We evaluated several complex matrixes (plant crude extract) by the same bioassay, to demonstrate their applicability. The species Solanum lycocarpum, Stryphnodendron adstringens, and Psychotria carthagenensis gave the best results. KLK-Sepharose-NHS was fully active after six consecutive reaction cycles and retained about 60 % of its initial activity after being used for at least five months, so the bioassay developed herein is a promising strategy to screen and to identify KLK ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Romano de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Milton Groppo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Lúcia Cardoso
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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40
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Du JK, Yu Q, Liu YJ, Du SF, Huang LY, Xu DH, Ni X, Zhu XY. A novel role of kallikrein-related peptidase 8 in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiac fibrosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4207-4231. [PMID: 33754057 PMCID: PMC7977470 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Among all the diabetic complications, diabetic cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by myocyte loss and myocardial fibrosis, is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. Tissue kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are secreted serine proteases, that have distinct and overlapping roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether KLKs are involved in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unknown.The present study aimed to determine the role of a specific KLK in the initiation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) during the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results-By screening gene expression profiles of KLKs, it was found that KLK8 was highly induced in the myocardium of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. KLK8 deficiency attenuated diabetic cardiac fibrosis, and rescued the impaired cardiac function in diabetic mice. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated KLK8 knockdown significantly attenuated high glucose-induced endothelial damage and EndMT in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Diabetes-induced endothelial injury and cardiac EndMT were significantly alleviated in KLK8-deficient mice. In addition, transgenic overexpression of KLK8 led to interstitial and perivascular cardiac fibrosis, endothelial injury and EndMT in the heart. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of KLK8 (Ad-KLK8) resulted in increases in endothelial cell damage, permeability and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 release in HCAECs. KLK8 overexpression also induced EndMT in HCAECs, which was alleviated by a TGF-β1-neutralizing antibody. A specificity protein-1 (Sp-1) consensus site was identified in the human KLK8 promoter and was found to mediate the high glucose-induced KLK8 expression. Mechanistically, it was identified that the vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin/plakoglobin complex may associate with KLK8 in HCAECs. KLK8 cleaved the VE-cadherin extracellular domain, thus promoting plakoglobin nuclear translocation. Plakoglobin was required for KLK8-induced EndMT by cooperating with p53. KLK8 overexpression led to plakoglobin-dependent association of p53 with hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which further enhanced the transactivation effect of HIF-1α on the TGF-β1 promoter. KLK8 also induced the binding of p53 with Smad3, subsequently promoting pro-EndMT reprogramming via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in HCAECs. The in vitro and in vivo findings further demonstrated that high glucose may promote plakoglobin-dependent cooperation of p53 with HIF-1α and Smad3, subsequently increasing the expression of TGF-β1 and the pro-EndMT target genes of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in a KLK8-dependent manner. Conclusions: The present findings uncovered a novel pro-EndMT mechanism during the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiac fibrosis via the upregulation of KLK8, and may contribute to the development of future KLK8-based therapeutic strategies for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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41
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Zhang J, Yuan J, Li Z, Fu C, Xu M, Yang J, Jiang X, Zhou B, Ye X, Xu C. Exploring and exploiting plant cyclic peptides for drug discovery and development. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:3096-3117. [PMID: 33599316 DOI: 10.1002/med.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of insulin, natural peptides have become an important resource for therapeutic development. Decades of research has led to the discovery of a long list of peptide drugs with broad applications in clinics, from antibiotics to hypertension treatment to pain management. Many of these US FDA-approved peptide drugs are derived from microorganisms and animals. By contrast, the great potential of plant cyclic peptides as therapeutics remains largely unexplored. These macrocyclic peptides typically have rigid structures, good bioavailability and membrane permeability, making them appealing candidates for drug development and engineering. In this review, we introduce the three major classes of plant cyclic peptides and summarize their potential medical applications. We discuss how we can leverage the genome information of many different plants to quickly search for new cyclic peptides and how we can take advantage of the insights gained from their biosynthetic pathways to transform the process of production and drug development. These recent developments have provided a new angle for exploring and exploiting plant cyclic peptides, and we believe that many more peptide drugs derived from plants are about to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimin Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglong Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiufeng Ye
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Role of Kallikrein 7 in Body Weight and Fat Mass Regulation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020131. [PMID: 33572949 PMCID: PMC7912635 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma and adipose tissue protease activity is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. It has been proposed that specific proteases contribute to the link between obesity, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic diseases. We have recently shown that ablation of the serine protease kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (Klk7) specifically in adipose tissue preserves systemic insulin sensitivity and protects mice from obesity-related AT inflammation. Here, we investigated whether whole body Klk7 knockout (Klk7-/-) mice develop a phenotype distinct from that caused by reduced Klk7 expression in adipose tissue. Compared to littermate controls, Klk7-/- mice gain less body weight and fat mass both under chow and high fat diet (HFD) feeding, are hyper-responsive to exogenous insulin and exhibit preserved adipose tissue function due to adipocyte hyperplasia and lower inflammation. Klk7-/- mice exhibit increased adipose tissue thermogenesis, which is not related to altered thyroid function. These data strengthen our recently proposed role of Klk7 in the regulation of body weight, energy metabolism, and obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction. The protective effects of Klk7 deficiency in obesity are likely linked to a significant limitation of adipocyte hypertrophy. In conclusion, our data indicate potential application of specific KLK7 inhibitors to regulate KLK7 activity in the development of obesity and counteract obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic diseases.
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Herring A, Kurapati NK, Krebs S, Grammon N, Scholz LM, Voss G, Miah MR, Budny V, Mairinger F, Haase K, Teuber-Hanselmann S, Dobersalske C, Schramm S, Jöckel KH, Münster Y, Keyvani K. Genetic knockdown of Klk8 has sex-specific multi-targeted therapeutic effects on Alzheimer's pathology in mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:611-624. [PMID: 33341972 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous work in our lab has identified the protease kallikrein-8 (KLK8) as a potential upstream mover in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We showed pathologically elevated levels of KLK8 in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to AD, and in brains of patients and transgenic CRND8 (TgCRND8) mice in incipient stages of the disease. Furthermore, short-term antibody-mediated KLK8 inhibition in moderate stage disease alleviated AD pathology in female mice. However, it remains to be shown whether long-term reversal of KLK8 overexpression can also counteract AD. Therefore, the effects of genetic Klk8-knockdown were determined in TgCRND8 mice. METHODS The effects of heterozygous ablation of murine Klk8 (mKlk8) gene on AD pathology of both sexes were examined by crossbreeding TgCRND8 [hAPP+/-] with mKlk8-knockdown [mKlk8+/-] mice resulting in animals with or without AD pathology which revealed pathologically elevated or normal KLK8 levels. RESULTS mKlk8-knockdown had negligible effects on wildtype animals but led to significant decline of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology as well as an improvement of structural neuroplasticity in a sex-specific manner in transgenics. These changes were mediated by a shift to non-amyloidogenic cleavage of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP), recovery of the neurovascular unit and maintaining microglial metabolic fitness. Mechanistically, Klk8-knockdown improved Aβ phagocytosis in primary glia and Aβ resistance in primary neurons. Most importantly, transgenic mice revealed less anxiety and a better memory performance. CONCLUSIONS These results reinforce the potential of KLK8 as a therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nirup K Kurapati
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sofia Krebs
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Grammon
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Luisa M Scholz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Voss
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Muhammad R Miah
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Budny
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabian Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Haase
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Celia Dobersalske
- DKFZ-Division of Translational Neurooncology, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Münster
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Grabrijan K, Strašek N, Gobec S. Monocyclic beta-lactams for therapeutic uses: a patent overview (2010-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:247-266. [PMID: 33327805 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1865919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monocyclic beta-lactams are four-membered cyclic amides with various structural modifications of the nucleus that determine their chemical reactivity and target specificity. Their historical use is based on their antibacterial activity, but they have recently appeared in other areas as well. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the relevant patent development on monocyclic beta-lactams in various therapeutic areas over the last 10 years. The majority of patents describe compounds with antibacterial activity, while there are some recent patents describing the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anticoagulant and antihyperlipidemic effects of 2-azetidinones. EXPERT OPINION Monocyclic beta-lactams can be considered safe and nontoxic drugs, as they have been used in the clinic for almost half of the century. Recently, monocyclic beta-lactams have been increasingly recognized for their non-antibiotic activity, which has led to some promising new clinical candidates in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and coagulation therapy. With regard to their antibacterial activity, there is still room for improvement of their activity and broadening of their spectrum of action, especially in Gram-positive bacteria and on drug-insensitive penicillin-binding proteins, and in increasing their beta-lactamase stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nika Strašek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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45
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Petrova E, Hovnanian A. Advances in understanding of Netherton syndrome and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1857724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Petrova
- Laboratory of genetic skin diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Laboratory of genetic skin diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Departement of Genetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Camphorquinone alters the expression of extracellular proteases in a 3D co-culture model of the oral mucosa. Dent Mater 2020; 37:236-248. [PMID: 33257085 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Objective of our investigation was to determine the influence of CQ on the expression of antioxidant proteins and extracellular proteases in a 3D co-culture model (3DCCM) of the oral mucosa and to analyze the distribution and stability of CQ within 3D-CCMs. METHODS 3D-CCMs consist of confluent keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT2) on cell culture inserts on top of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in collagen. The treatment was carried out by adding CQ to the cell culture inserts at two time points with declining concentrations. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze the CQ concentration above and underneath the OKF6/TERT2-layer. The expression of antioxidant genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot. The regulation of extracellular proteases from different families was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Proteome Profiler arrays. RESULTS GC/MS analysis showed that CQ was evenly distributed within the model. Heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and superoxide dismutase 1 were induced on the mRNA and protein level in OKF6/TERT2 cells. In HGFs, only the transcription of NQO1 was induced. The transcription of extracellular proteases was increased mainly in OKF6/TERT2 cells 72 h after the initial treatment. The quantity of ten out of 25 analyzed extracellular proteases in the cell culture supernatant above and six underneath the keratinocyte-layer were modulated by CQ. SIGNIFICANCE Despite its high reactivity, CQ is able to penetrate a dense keratinocyte-layer, presumably across plasma membranes. CQ initially induced the cellular defense machinery against oxidative stress and altered the expression of extracellular proteases. We assume a relationship between both processes.
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Steele L, Tawfik SS, O'Toole EA. The Proteolytic Network in Palmoplantar Keratoderma: SERPINA12 Joins the Family. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2111-2113. [PMID: 33099397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mohamad et al. (2020) describe loss-of-function mutations in SERPINA12 as a cause of diffuse, transgradient palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). This disorder shares similar clinical features with other PPKs caused by protease overactivity, including erythema, peeling, and exacerbation on water exposure. Understanding this disorder may shed further light on the role of proteases and their inhibitors in epidermal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Steele
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, ERN-Skin, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soha S Tawfik
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, ERN-Skin, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, ERN-Skin, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Gong W, Liu Y, Diamandis EP, Kiechle M, Bronger H, Dorn J, Dreyer T, Magdolen V. Prognostic value of kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) mRNA expression in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:125. [PMID: 33087135 PMCID: PMC7579813 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer. A growing body of evidence suggests tumor-supporting roles of several members of the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family, including KLK5 and KLK7, in this cancer subtype. In normal physiology, KLK5 and KLK7 are the major proteases involved in skin desquamation. Moreover, in several cancer types KLK5 and KLK7 co-expression has been observed. Recently, we have shown that elevated KLK5 mRNA levels are associated with an unfavorable prognosis in HGSOC. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of KLK7 mRNA expression and to explore its relation to KLK5 levels in HGSOC. METHODS mRNA expression levels of KLK7 were quantified by qPCR in a well-characterized patient cohort afflicted with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (FIGO III/IV, n = 139). Previously determined KLK5 mRNA as well as KLK5 and KLK7 antigen concentrations were used to evaluate the relationship between the expression patterns of both factors on the mRNA as well as protein level in tumor tissue of HGSOC patients. RESULTS There were strong, significant positive correlations between KLK5 and KLK7 both at the mRNA and the protein level, suggesting coordinate expression of these proteases in HGSOC. In univariate analyses, elevated KLK7 levels as well as the combination of KLK5 + KLK7 (high and/or high versus low/low) were significantly associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS). High mRNA expression levels of KLK7 and the combination of KLK5 and KLK7 showed a trend towards significance for overall survival (OS). In multivariate analyses, KLK7 mRNA expression represented an unfavorable, statistically significant independent predictor for PFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that both increased KLK5 and KLK7 mRNA expression levels represent unfavorable prognostic biomarkers in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer, whereby multivariate analyses indicate that KLK7 mRNA exhibits a stronger predictive value as compared to KLK5 mRNA and the combination of KLK5 and KLK7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gong
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany.,Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Bronger
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Dorn
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Dreyer
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
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Nam DH, Lee KB, Kruchowy E, Pham H, Ge X. Protease Inhibition Mechanism of Camelid-like Synthetic Human Antibodies. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3802-3812. [PMID: 32997500 PMCID: PMC7572768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular protease inhibitors and camelid single-domain antibodies achieve their enzymic inhibition functions often through protruded structures that directly interact with catalytic centers of targeted proteases. Inspired by this phenomenon, we constructed synthetic human antibody libraries encoding long CDR-H3s, from which highly selective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that inhibit multiple proteases were discovered. To elucidate their molecular mechanisms, we performed in-depth biochemical characterizations on a panel of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 inhibitory mAbs. Assays included affinity and potency measurements, enzymatic kinetics, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, proteolytic stability, and epitope mapping followed by quantitative analysis of binding energy changes. The results collectively indicated that these mAbs of convex paratopes were competitive inhibitors recognizing the vicinity of the active cleft, with their significant epitopes scattered across the north and south rims of the cleft. Remarkably, identified epitopes were the surface loops that were highly diverse among MMPs and predominately located at the prime side of the proteolytic site, shedding light on the mechanisms of target selectivity and proteolytic resistance. Substrate sequence profiling and paratope mutagenesis further suggested that mAb 3A2 bound to the active-site cleft in a canonical (substrate-like) manner, by direct interactions between 100hNLVATP100m of its CDR-H3 and subsites S1-S5' of MMP-14. Overall, synthetic mAbs carrying convex paratopes can achieve efficient inhibition and thus hold great therapeutic promise for effectively and safely targeting biomedically important proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Nam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ki Baek Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Evan Kruchowy
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Henry Pham
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Chen E, Zhu H, Yang Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Han Y, Liu X. Analysis of expression and prognosis of KLK7 in ovarian cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:932-939. [PMID: 33336051 PMCID: PMC7712299 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in female reproductive organs. Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 7 is a secreted serine peptidase that is related to different cancer. To investigate the expression and significance of KLK7 in ovarian cancer. Materials and methods The expression of KLK7 in human ovarian cancer was evaluated by Oncomine and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database. Then the co-expression genes relevant to the KLK7 gene were analyzed by the Pearson correlation test. Finally, the impact of KLK7 on clinical prognosis was investigated in distinct subtypes of ovarian cancer patients by UALCAN database and Kaplan–Meier plotter database. Results It was found that the expression of KLK7 was higher in ovarian cancer compared with other types of cancer, such as gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. The expression of KLK7 was found to be increased in four various ovarian cancer data sets compared with the healthy tissues. In addition, upregulation of KLK7 expression was associated with age and cancer stage. Moreover, survival analysis revealed that higher KLK7 expression was negatively associated with progression-free survival. Conclusion Knowledge of the expression of KLK7 may be useful for better understanding the outcome in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Yonghong Han
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiang Su College of nursing, Huaian, 223005, China
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