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Tian Y, Zhao Z, Cao X, Kang Y, Wang L, Yin P, Song Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Chen Z, Zheng C, Liu M, Fang Y, Zhang M, He Y, Hu Z, Cai J, Gu R, Huang Y, Pei X, Yu X, Wang Z, Zhou M. Rapid increasing burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease caused by high body mass index in 1.25 million Chinese adults, 2005-2018. MED 2023; 4:505-525.e3. [PMID: 37369198 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal trends and geographical variations in disease burden for diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) in China have not been fully elucidated. METHODS We estimated deaths and years of life lost (YLLs) for DM and CVD attributable to high BMI by age, sex, year, and region from 2005 to 2018 based on pooled data of 1.25 million adults. FINDINGS Approximately 497,430 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 470,520-525,720) deaths for DM and CVD were attributable to high BMI in China in 2018, with 453,750 deaths from CVD and 43,700 deaths from DM. Between 2005 and 2018, there was a 17.35% increase in age-standardized mortality rate for DM and CVD attributable to high BMI. The high BMI-related DM and CVD YLL rates increased from 127.46 (95% UI 108.70-148.62) per 100,000 people aged 20-24 years to 5,735.54 (95% UI 4,844.16-6,713.53) per 100,000 people aged ≥80 years, respectively. The highest age-standardized mortality rate for high BMI-related DM and CVD in northeast, northwest, and circum-Bohai Sea regions of China. CONCLUSION The disease burden for DM and CVD attributable to high BMI increased substantially between 2005 and 2018. Urgent measures are required at both national and regional levels for resource mobilization to slow the growing burden. FUNDING The work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, China National Science & Technology Pillar Program, and National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Tian
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Zhenping Zhao
- National Center for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yuting Kang
- Office of National Clinical Research for Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Zuo Chen
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Mingbo Liu
- Division of Health Information, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yuehui Fang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Center for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuna He
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Jiayin Cai
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Runqing Gu
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yilin Huang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Xuyan Pei
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China.
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
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Antiobesity Activity of Two Polyherbal Formulations in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9120259. [PMID: 35707380 PMCID: PMC9192239 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9120259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight have posed a severe threat to humanity, needing urgent efforts for the development of safe and effective therapeutic interventions. In this research work, we have developed two polyherbal formulations A and B basically consisting of Helianthus tuberosus root powder (also called inulin of synanthrin) along with other herbs for the treatment of obesity. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of both formulations using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays showed good antioxidant potentials. Both formulations A and B showed good antiobesity activity on a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model of mice by effectively lowering the body weight of mice compared to the high-fat diet (HFD) control mice, mainly by reducing the food efficiency ratio (FER). Furthermore, both formulations ameliorated lipoprotein misbalances induced by obesity and thus decreased the atherogenic index. Treatment with both formulations significantly decreased the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. This was supported by the improvement in steatosis of the liver and reduced hypertrophy in WAT on histological examination. In addition, formulations A and B have been seen as effective in controlling fasting blood glucose levels probably by alleviating HFD-induced insulin resistance. All of these results collectively suggest that formulations A and B serve as potentially safe and effective herbal interventions to control obesity and its comorbidities.
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Li G, Zhang H, Cao K, Zhai Z, Wang Z, Yang L, Han J. Transcriptome of visceral adipose tissue identifies an inflammation-related ceRNA network that regulates obesity. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1095-1106. [PMID: 35064875 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming an epidemic of widespread concern, but the underlying causes remain elusive. In this study, whole transcriptome RNA sequencing revealed differential profiles of noncoding (nc) RNAs and mRNAs in visceral adipose tissue from obese (BMI > 32.5 kg/m2) and lean (BMI < 20 kg/m2) individuals, with 1920 differentially expressed genes, 1466 long noncoding (lnc) RNAs, 122 micro (mi) RNAs, and 52 circular (circ) RNAs identified. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that these ncRNAs were involved in inflammation-related pathways that included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the tumor necrosis factor and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways. The results indicated a critical role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity. The network interaction of lncRNA, circRNA, and miRNA revealed a competing endogenous (ce) RNA network that was associated with inflammation. The ceRNA network included circORC5/miR-197-5p/TNFRSF10D and circNTRK2/miR-760/LAT, which were dysregulated in obese patients. In conclusion, this whole transcriptome study provided a pool of data that will be useful for identifying biomarkers of obesity and identified an obesity-associated ceRNA network that is regulated by circORC5 and circNTRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganbin Li
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Cao
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhai
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Wang
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Research Center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiagang Han
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
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Jamal MH, Al-Kanawati N, ElAbd R, Al-Haddad M, AlKhadher T, Hamshari F, Akrouf S. A Study Examining the Orbera365 Intragastric Balloon Safety and Effects on Weight Loss. Obes Surg 2021; 31:5342-5347. [PMID: 34591263 PMCID: PMC8482955 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Orbera365 is a new balloon that can stay in the stomach for up to 12 months. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and effect of Orbera365. METHOD Prospective study on our initial experience with a consecutive group of patients who underwent the insertion of Orbera365 in the period between September 2019 and August 2020. The patients were followed up to assess, pain, nausea, and vomiting after procedure, weight loss, and the complication rate. RESULTS A total of 97 patients underwent Orbera365 placement. Mean weight and BMI before the procedure were 93.8 ± 15.2 kg and 35.2 ± 4.4 kg/m2, respectively, which dropped to 80.6 ± 13.1 kg and 29.8 ± 4.0 kg/m2 by 8.2 months and were 82.4 ± 16.1 and 30.4 ± 4.6 at the last day of follow-up of 12.9 months. Fourteen patients did not tolerate the balloon, and had to have it removed, six of them in the first week, and eight within the first 8 months of insertion. Other than intolerance, two patients had balloon rupture, three patients had leakage at time of insertion requiring balloon replacement, two patient had pancreatitis, one patient had spontaneous balloon hyperinflation, and one patient had balloon deflation and vomited the balloon. At day of last follow-up, total body weight loss % (TBWL%) was 16.2 ± 10.1 and %EWL was 54.6 ± 38.3. CONCLUSION Orbera365 is safe and effective for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Jamal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait. .,Obesity and Metabolic Unit, The Clinic, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | | | - Rawan ElAbd
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | | | - Shehab Akrouf
- Department of Surgery, Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Zeng Q, Li N, Pan XF, Chen L, Pan A. Clinical management and treatment of obesity in China. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:393-405. [PMID: 34022157 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
China has one of the largest populations with obesity in the world, and obesity has become a major challenge for the country's health-care system. Current guidelines for obesity management are not adequately supported by evidence from clinical studies in Chinese populations. Effective lifestyle interventions suitable for Chinese populations are scarce, insufficient weight-loss medications have been approved by regulatory bodies, and there is low acceptance of non-lifestyle interventions (ie, medications and surgery) among both health-care providers and the general public. Large, well designed, and well implemented clinical trials are needed to strengthen the evidence base for the clinical management of obesity in China. Obesity management can be improved through use of a tiered system involving health management centres, integrated lifestyle interventions and medical treatments, strengthened obesity education and training, and use of advanced electronic health technologies. Resource mobilisation, support from major stakeholders for people with overweight or obesity, and education and changes to social norms among the wider public are also needed. National health policies should prioritise both obesity prevention and improvement of the treatment and management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Naishi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China.
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Mansoor S, Jain P, Hassan N, Farooq U, Mirza MA, Pandith AA, Iqbal Z. Role of Genetic and Dietary Implications in the Pathogenesis of Global Obesity. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1874409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, SKUAST, Jammu, India
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nazia Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Uzma Farooq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Aamir Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshad A Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Ultrasound steatometry in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pilot results. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2019. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract10123-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the ultrasound steatometry technique in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Materials and methods. 68 patients aged 19–62 years (median age 40.5 years) were examined, 30 men (44.1%) and 38 women (55.9%), who underwent a single diagnostic algorithm of 7 (8) stages: questioning, clinical examination, noninvasive bioimpedance, biochemical blood test, liver ultrasound in B-mode, determination of hepatorenal index, ultrasound steatometry, liver biopsy.
Results. In 4 patients (5.88%), a remote clinical picture of the metabolic syndrome, fatty liver infiltration was diagnosed. Signs of steatohepatitis were present in 19 (27.9%) patients, signs of cirrhosis — in 2 (2.9%). The sensitivity and specificity were 60.3% and 72.6%, respectively, for the B-mode, 44.3% and 51.9%, respectively, for the ultrasound measurement of the hepatorenal index, 90.6% and 92.2%, respectively, for ultrasonic steatometry.
Conclusion. Ultrasound steatometry is an informative method for screening of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Correlation (r) of the ultrasound diagnosis of steatosis with biopsy at the stage S0 corresponds to 0.81, at the stage S1 — to 0.68, at the stage S2 — to 0.74, at the stage S3 — to 0.88, that indicates a high information value of this method.
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Bray JK, Chiu GS, McNeil LK, Moon ML, Wall R, Towers AE, Freund GG. Switching from a high-fat cellulose diet to a high-fat pectin diet reverses certain obesity-related morbidities. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:55. [PMID: 30093912 PMCID: PMC6080522 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reducing caloric intake is a proven intervention for mitigating and modulating morbidities associated with overnutrition. Caloric restriction is difficult to affect clinically, therefore, dietary interventions that ameliorate the adverse consequences of overnutrition in the presence of a high-calorie diet would be of value. Methods Mice were fed an obesogenic diet containing 60% fat + 10% cellulose (HFC), or a control diet containing 10% fat + 10% cellulose (LFC) for 12 wks. Subgroups of mice were then switched from HFC to each of the following diets for an additional 5 wks: 1) 60% fat + 10% pectin (HFP), 2) LFC or 3) 10% fat + 10% pectin (LFP). To test for statistical differences, one-way or two-way ANOVAs were used with or without repeated measurements as needed. Results In comparison to HFC, HFP prevented additional weight gain while LFC and LFP triggered weight loss of 22.2 and 25.4%, respectively. Mice continued on HFC experienced a weight increase of 26% during the same 5 wk. interval. After 12 wks, HFC decreased mouse locomotion by 18% when compared to control diet, but a diet switch to LFC or LFP restored mouse movement. Importantly, HFP, LFC, and LFP reduced fasting blood glucose when compared to HFC. Likewise, HFP, LFC and LFP improved glucose tolerance and decreased fatty liver by 37.9, 49.8, 53.6 and 20.2%, 37.2, 43.7%, respectively. Conclusions Taken together, the results indicate that the dietary fiber pectin can mitigate some adverse consequences of overnutrition even in the presence of high-fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Bray
- 1Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Gabriel S Chiu
- 1Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,2Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Leslie K McNeil
- 1Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Morgan L Moon
- 1Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,2Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Robyn Wall
- 1Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Albert E Towers
- 1Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,2Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Gregory G Freund
- 1Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,2Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,3Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,4Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 506 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Monoclonal antibody targeting of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1c causes cardiac valvulopathy in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:147-155. [PMID: 30008375 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) have been proposed as potential drug targets for the treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the potential toxicity in rats of three anti-FGFR1c mAbs with differential binding activity prior to clinical development. Groups of male rats received weekly injections of either one of two FGFR1c-specific mAbs or an FGFR1c/FGFR4-specific mAb at 10 mg/kg for up to 4 weeks. All three mAbs caused significant reductions in food intake and weight loss leading to some animals being euthanized early for welfare reasons. In all three groups given these mAbs, microscopic changes were seen in the bones and heart valves. In the bones of the femoro-tibial joint, thickening of the diaphyseal cortex of long bones, due to deposition of well organized new lamellar bone, indicated that an osteogenic effect was observed. In the heart, valvulopathy described as an endocardial myxomatous change affecting the mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid and aortic valves was observed in all mAb-treated animals. The presence of FGFR1 mRNA expression in the heart valves was confirmed using in situ hybridization. Targeting the FGF-FGFR1c pathway with anti-FGFR1c mAbs leads to drug induced valvulopathy in rats. In effect, this precluded the development of these mAbs as potential anti-obesity drugs. The valvulopathy observed was similar to that described for fenfluramine and dexafenfluramine. The pathogenesis of the drug-induced valvulopathy is considered FGFR1c-mediated, based on the specificity of the mAbs and FGFR1 mRNA expression in the heart valves.
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Zhou H, Wang S, Zhu P, Hu S, Chen Y, Ren J. Empagliflozin rescues diabetic myocardial microvascular injury via AMPK-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial fission. Redox Biol 2018; 15:335-346. [PMID: 29306791 PMCID: PMC5756062 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cardiac microvascular function contributes to diabetic cardiovascular complications although effective therapy remains elusive. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor recently approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes, promotes glycosuria excretion and offers cardioprotective actions beyond its glucose-lowering effects. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of empagliflozin on cardiac microvascular injury in diabetes and the underlying mechanism involved with a focus on mitochondria. Our data revealed that empagliflozin improved diabetic myocardial structure and function, preserved cardiac microvascular barrier function and integrity, sustained eNOS phosphorylation and endothelium-dependent relaxation, as well as improved microvessel density and perfusion. Further study suggested that empagliflozin exerted its effects through inhibition of mitochondrial fission in an adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. Empagliflozin restored AMP-to-ATP ratio to trigger AMPK activation, suppressed Drp1S616 phosphorylation, and increased Drp1S637 phosphorylation, ultimately leading to inhibition of mitochondrial fission. The empagliflozin-induced inhibition of mitochondrial fission preserved cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) barrier function through suppressed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and subsequently oxidative stress to impede CMEC senescence. Empagliflozin-induced fission loss also favored angiogenesis by promoting CMEC migration through amelioration of F-actin depolymerization. Taken together, these results indicated the therapeutic promises of empagliflozin in the treatment of pathological microvascular changes in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shunying Hu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 210032, China.
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Papapanagiotou V, Diou C, van den Boer J, Mars M, Delopoulos A. A novel approach for chewing detection based on a wearable PPG sensor. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:6485-6488. [PMID: 28269732 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7592214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of human eating behaviour has been attracting interest over the last few years, as a means to a healthy lifestyle, but also due to its association with serious health conditions, such as eating disorders and obesity. Use of self-reports and other non-automated means of monitoring have been found to be unreliable, compared to the use of wearable sensors. Various modalities have been reported, such as acoustic signal from ear-worn microphones, or signal from wearable strain sensors. In this work, we introduce a new sensor for the task of chewing detection, based on a novel photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor placed on the outer earlobe to perform the task. We also present a processing pipeline that includes two chewing detection algorithms from literature and one new algorithm, to process the captured PPG signal, and present their effectiveness. Experiments are performed on an annotated dataset recorded from 21 individuals, including more than 10 hours of eating and non-eating activities. Results show that the PPG sensor can be successfully used to support dietary monitoring.
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Christopher R, Morgan M, Ferry J, Rege B, Tang Y, Kristensen A, Shanahan W. Single- and Multiple-dose Pharmacokinetics of a Lorcaserin Extended-release Tablet. Clin Ther 2016; 38:2227-2238.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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