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Ou J, Wang J, Sun J, Ni M, Meng Q, Ding J, Fan H, Feng S, Huang Y, Li H, Fei J. Analysis of Preimplantation and Clinical Outcomes of Two Cases by Oxford Nanopore Sequencing. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:2123-2134. [PMID: 38347380 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
It is challenging to distinguish embryos with a balanced translocation karyotype from a normal karyotype by existing conventional genetic testing methods. However, in germ-cell gamete generation, chromosome exchange and separation through cell meiosis form a different proportion of unbalanced gametes. Adverse birth events may occur, such as repeated miscarriages and fetal birth defects. In this study, the exact breakpoints of structural variation (SV) from two balanced translocation carrier families by using Nanopore long reads sequencing technology were obtained, and haplotype analysis and Sanger verified the accuracy of the detection results, confirming the application value of the Nanopore sequencing technology in the detection of balanced translocation before embryo implantation. Nanopore long-read sequencing was performed to find the precise breakpoint of chromosome-balanced translocation carriers. The breakpoints were subsequently verified by designing primers across the breakpoints and Sanger sequencing. Haplotype linkage analysis of SNPs which can be linked by a read block of families around the breakpoint regions was followed. After frozen (-thawed) embryo transfer (FET), prenatal cytogenetic analysis of amniotic fluid cells confirmed the predicted karyotypes from the transferred embryos. The presence of breakpoints was detected in three embryos of patient 1. No breakpoints were detected in either embryo of patient 2. One balanced translocated embryo from patient 1 and one normal euploid embryo from patient 2 were transplanted back into the patients, and amniotic fluid cells were analyzed for the karyotype of fetuses. The results were entirely consistent with the fetal karyotype. And through late follow-up, both patients successfully had a live birth fetus. The breakpoint location of the balanced chromosome translocation can be accurately found by Nanopore sequencing. The haplotype of carriers can be successfully constructed by Nanopore and sanger sequencing confirmed that the results were accurate. This is very advantageous for preimplantation genetic testing for chromosomal structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) detection in the families without proband.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ou
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Jian Sun
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Ni
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - QingXia Meng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Fan
- Peking Jabrehoo Med-Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Feng
- Peking Jabrehoo Med-Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Huang
- Peking Jabrehoo Med-Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jia Fei
- Peking Jabrehoo Med-Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.
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Zou J, Ni T, Yang M, Li H, Gao M, Zhu Y, Jiang W, Zhang Q, Yan J, Wei D, Chen ZJ. The effect of parental carrier of de novo mutated vs. inherited balanced reciprocal translocation on the chance of euploid embryos. F&S SCIENCE 2023; 4:193-199. [PMID: 37182600 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the effect of de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation on the rate of euploid embryos varied from inherited balanced reciprocal translocation. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study compared the percentage of euploid embryo and proportion of patients with at least 1 euploid embryo between de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation (i.e., the group of de novo mutated carriers) and inherited balanced reciprocal translocation (i.e., the group of inherited carriers). SETTING An academic fertility center. PATIENT(S) A total of 413 couples with balanced reciprocal translocation (219 female carriers and 194 male carriers) who underwent their first cycle of preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements were included. INTERVENTION(S) Carriers of balanced reciprocal translocation either de novo mutated or inherited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The percentage of euploid embryo and proportion of patients with at least 1 euploid embryo. RESULT(S) The carriers of the de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation had a lower percentage of euploid embryos (19.5% vs. 25.5%), and were less likely to have at least 1 euploid embryo (47.1% vs. 60.1%) compared with the carriers of the inherited balanced reciprocal translocation. In the male-carrier subgroup, the percentage of euploid embryos (16.7% vs. 26.7%) and proportion of patients with at least 1 euploid embryo (41.9% vs. 67.5%) were lower among the de novo mutated carriers than those among the inherited carriers. However, in the female-carrier subgroup, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of euploid embryos (22.4% vs. 24.4%) or the proportion of patients with at least 1 euploid embryo (52.3% vs. 53.7%) between the de novo mutated carriers and inherited carriers. CONCLUSION(S) The de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation was associated with a lower percentage of euploid embryos and lower chance of obtaining at least 1 euploid embryo than the inherited balanced reciprocal translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Ni
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchang Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daimin Wei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Alteri A, Cermisoni GC, Pozzoni M, Gaeta G, Cavoretto PI, Viganò P. Obstetric, neonatal, and child health outcomes following embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing. Hum Reprod Update 2023; 29:291-306. [PMID: 36655536 PMCID: PMC10152168 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) of embryos developed in vitro requires a biopsy for obtaining cellular samples for the analysis. Signs of cell injury have been described in association with this procedure. Thus, the consequences of the biopsy on obstetric and neonatal outcomes have been the subject of some quantitative analyses, although the reliability of data pooling may be limited by important issues in the various reports. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The present review identifies evidence for whether pregnancies conceived after embryo biopsy are associated with a higher risk of adverse obstetric, neonatal, and long-term outcomes. Available evidence has been summarized considering manipulation at various stages of embryo development. SEARCH METHODS We used the scoping review methodology. Searches of article databases were performed with keywords pertaining to the embryo biopsy technique and obstetric, neonatal, and postnatal outcomes. Studies in which embryos were biopsied at different stages (i.e. both at the cleavage and blastocyst stages) were excluded. We included data on fresh and frozen embryo transfers. The final sample of 31 documents was subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. OUTCOMES Sound evidence is lacking to fully address the issues on the potential obstetric, neonatal or long-term consequences of embryo biopsy. For polar body biopsy, the literature is too scant to draw any conclusion. Some data, although limited and controversial, suggest a possible association of embryo biopsy at the cleavage stage with an increased risk of low birthweight and small for gestational age neonates compared to babies derived from non-biopsied embryos. An increase in preterm deliveries and birth defects in cases of trophectoderm biopsy was suggested. For both biopsy methods (at the cleavage and blastocyst stages), an increased risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was found. However, these findings may be explained by confounders such as other embryo manipulation procedures or by intrinsic patient or population characteristics. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Since there is inadequate evidence to assess obstetric, neonatal, and long-term health outcomes following embryo biopsy, an invasive PGT strategy should be developed with a cautious approach. A non-invasive approach, based on the analysis of embryo cell-free DNA, needs to be pursued to overcome the potential limitations of embryo biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Alteri
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mirko Pozzoni
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerarda Gaeta
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ivo Cavoretto
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Yeom GE, Jung YH, Kim SY, Choi SA, Kim H, Choi CW. First Successful Application of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Lethal Neonatal Rigidity and Multifocal Seizure Syndrome in Korea: A Case Report. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2022.29.4.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lethal neonatal rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome (RMFSL) is a severe autosomal recessive epileptic encephalopathy characterized by rigidity, intractable multifocal seizures, microcephaly, apnea, and bradycardia immediately after birth. RMFSL is related to a mutation in breast cancer 1-associated ataxia telangiectasia mutated activation-1 protein (BRAT1). We report a case of a female infant born to non-consanguineous Korean parents who developed hypertonia, dysmorphic features, progressive encephalopathy with refractory seizures at birth, and worsening intermittent apnea, leading to intubation and death at 137 days of age. The initial repeated electroencephalographic findings were normal; however, a pattern of focal seizures emerged at 35 days of life. Rapid trio whole-exome sequencing revealed heterozygous mutations c.1313_1314delAG p.(Gln438Argfs*51) and c.1276C>T p. (Gln426*) in BRAT1. After genetic counseling for pregnancy planning, a preimplantation genetic diagnosis for targeted BRAT1 mutations was successfully performed, and a healthy baby was born. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a Korean patient with compound heterozygous mutations in BRAT1. An early and accurate genetic diagnosis can help provide timely treatment to patients and indicate the need for reproductive counseling for parents for family planning.
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Vlajkovic T, Grigore M, van Eekelen R, Puscasiu L. Day 5 versus day 3 embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 11:CD013233. [PMID: 36423200 PMCID: PMC9690144 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013233.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has allowed couples with a family history of a monogenic genetic disease, or a disease-carrying gene, to reduce the chance of them having a child with the genetic disorder. This is achieved by genetically testing the embryos using an advanced process called preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic or single gene disorders (PGT-M), such as Huntington's disease or cystic fibrosis. This current terminology (PGT-M) has replaced the formerly-known preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). During PGT-M, one or more embryo cells are biopsied and analysed for genetic or chromosomal anomalies before transferring the embryos to the endometrial cavity. Biopsy for PGT-M can be performed at day 3 of cleavage-stage embryo development when the embryo is at the six- to the eight-cell stage, with either one or two blastomeres being removed for analysis. Biopsy for PGT-M can also be performed on day 5 of the blastocyst stage of embryo development when the embryo has 80 to 100 cells, with five to six cells being removed for analysis. Day 5 biopsy has taken over from day 3 biopsy as the most widely-used biopsy technique; however, there is a lack of summarised evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assesses the effectiveness and safety of day 5 biopsy compared to day 3 biopsy. Since biopsy is an invasive process, whether it is carried out at day 3 or day 5 of embryo development may have different impacts on further development, implantation, pregnancy, live birth and perinatal outcomes. OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of day 5 embryo biopsy, in comparison to day 3 biopsy, in PGT-M in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic bibliographic databases in December 2021 to identify relevant RCTs: the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group (CGFG) Specialised Trials Register; CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO. We also handsearched grey literature, such as trial registers, relevant journals, reference lists, Google Scholar, and published conference abstracts. SELECTION CRITERIA Eligible RCTs compared day 5 versus day 3 embryo biopsy for PGT-M. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. The primary review outcomes were live births and miscarriages. We calculated outcomes per woman/couple randomised and reported odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). MAIN RESULTS We included one RCT involving 20 women. The evidence was of very low certainty; the main limitations of the study were serious risk of bias due to lack of blinding of study personnel, and imprecision. We are uncertain whether day 5 embryo biopsy compared to day 3 biopsy has an effect on live births (OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.26 to 8.82; 1 RCT, 20 women; very low-certainty evidence). The evidence suggests that if the chance of live birth following day 3 biopsy was assumed to be 40%, then the chance with day 5 biopsy is between 15% and 85%. It is also uncertain whether day 5 embryo biopsy compared to day 3 biopsy has an effect on miscarriages (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.05 to 18.57; 1 RCT, 20 women; very low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether day 5 embryo biopsy compared to day 3 biopsy has an effect on other secondary outcome measures, including viable intrauterine pregnancies (OR 2.25, 95% CI 0.38 to 13.47; 1 RCT, 20 women; very low-certainty evidence), ectopic pregnancies (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.01 to 3.85; 1 RCT, 20 women; very low-certainty evidence), stillbirths (OR not estimable as no events in either group; 1 RCT, 20 women; very low-certainty evidence) or termination of pregnancies (OR 3.32, 95% CI 0.12 to 91.60; 1 RCT, 20 women; very low-certainty evidence). No studies reported on gestational age at birth, birthweight, neonatal mortality and major congenital anomaly. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We are uncertain if there is a difference in live births and miscarriages, viable intrauterine pregnancies, ectopic pregnancies, stillbirths or termination of pregnancies between day 5 and day 3 embryo biopsy for PGT-M. There was insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions regarding other adverse outcomes. The results should be interpreted with caution, as the evidence was of very low certainty due to limited studies, high risk of bias in the included study, and an overall low level of precision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihaela Grigore
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Lasi, Romania
| | - Rik van Eekelen
- Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lucian Puscasiu
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
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Scriven PN. Combining PGT-A with PGT-M risks trying to do too much. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:2015-2018. [PMID: 35583570 PMCID: PMC9474767 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) is to avoid having a child with a serious monogenic disease. Combining testing for unrelated sporadic chromosomal abnormalities (PGT-A) and excluding embryos with chromosomally abnormal results from transfer proffers the chance to mitigate the risk of miscarriage and to reduce the number of embryo transfers, but also risks excluding healthy embryos from transfer due to abnormal test results that do not reflect the true potential of the embryo. The theoretical utility of combining PGT-M with PGT-A is explored in this communication. It is concluded that PGT-M without PGT-A is preferred to achieve an unaffected live birth. Since PGT-M is mostly undertaken by couples where the female partner is younger than 35 years, PGT-A is likely to marginally mitigate the risk of miscarriage. Experimental non-selection studies are needed to assess the potential detrimental effect of combining PGT-M with PGT-A in a clinical setting.
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Yu S, Xie M, Wu H, Ma J, Li Y, Gu H. Composite proportional-integral sliding mode control with feedforward control for cell puncture mechanism with piezoelectric actuation. ISA TRANSACTIONS 2022; 124:427-435. [PMID: 32081400 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel control strategy to compensate hysteretic nonlinearity and achieve precise positioning control of a cell puncture mechanism driven by a piezoelectric actuator (PEA). A dynamic model of the cell puncture mechanism is developed based on the Bouc-Wen model. Parameters of the nonlinear model are identified by particle swarm optimization. The strategy of feedforward (FF) control and sliding mode feedback (FB) control based on the Bouc-Wen inverse model is further developed to position the cell puncture mechanism. Zebrafish embryo is used as the validation object, wherein a cell micropuncture experiment is successfully performed. Proportional-integral sliding mode FB control plus FF control has a simple structure and exhibits excellent performance. Thus, this method can be easily extended to other micro-or nanopositioning mechanisms based on PEAs and adopted in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Yu
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; Wenzhou Vocational and Technical College, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mingyang Xie
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
| | - Hongtao Wu
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jinyu Ma
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; Wenzhou Vocational and Technical College, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yao Li
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Hanlie Gu
- Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai, Shanghai 200000, China
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Mayo S, Gómez-Manjón I, Atencia G, Moreno-Izquierdo A, Escribano D, Fernández-Martínez FJ. Noninvasive prenatal testing: How far can we reach detecting fetal copy number variations. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 272:150-155. [PMID: 35313136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is currently the best screening test for fetal chromosome abnormalities with the highest sensitivity and specificity and can be done from 10 weeks gestation. We report a detection of 44.7 Mb duplication at 11p15.5-p11.2 by NIPT with a fetal fraction (FF) of only 3%. This chromosome abnormality was confirmed after amniocentesis by karyotyping and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on cultured fetal cells. Further parental investigation showed that the fetal chromosome abnormality was inherited from the mother who was a carrier of a balanced translocation 46,XX,t(11;X)(p11.2;q28). This case highlights the importance of expanded NIPT in the detection of fetal segmental aneuploidy. NIPT together with complementary studies can lead to the detection of parental chromosome rearrangement despite a low FF, which can impact the couple's reproductive plans. We also reviewed other cases with chromosome rearrangement, detected by NIPT, derived from a parental reciprocal translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mayo
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Gómez-Manjón
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Atencia
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno-Izquierdo
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Escribano
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fco Javier Fernández-Martínez
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Raben TG, Lello L, Widen E, Hsu SDH. From Genotype to Phenotype: Polygenic Prediction of Complex Human Traits. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2467:421-446. [PMID: 35451785 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2205-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decoding the genome confers the capability to predict characteristics of the organism (phenotype) from DNA (genotype). We describe the present status and future prospects of genomic prediction of complex traits in humans. Some highly heritable complex phenotypes such as height and other quantitative traits can already be predicted with reasonable accuracy from DNA alone. For many diseases, including important common conditions such as coronary artery disease, breast cancer, type I and II diabetes, individuals with outlier polygenic scores (e.g., top few percent) have been shown to have 5 or even 10 times higher risk than average. Several psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and autism also fall into this category. We discuss related topics such as the genetic architecture of complex traits, sibling validation of polygenic scores, and applications to adult health, in vitro fertilization (embryo selection), and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Lello
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Genomic Prediction, North Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Erik Widen
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stephen D H Hsu
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Genomic Prediction, North Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Comparison of two mainstream endometrial preparation regimens in vitrified-warmed embryo transfers after PGT. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:239-246. [PMID: 34848150 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Which of the two mainstream endometrial preparation regimens, assisted natural cycle (NC) or hormone replacement treatment cycle (HRT), help frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles after preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) achieve better clinical outcomes? DESIGN This retrospective analysis included 3400 vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfer cycles after PGT from January 2011 to November 2020, and involved 2332 patients with regular menstrual cycles. The decision to proceed with an assisted NC (n = 827) or HRT (n = 2573) before FET was reached based on a combination of patient preference and physician guidance. Clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, early miscarriage rate and obstetric outcomes were compared. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between the assisted NC and HRT groups in terms of clinical pregnancy rate (51.6% versus 50.7%, P = 0.634), live birth rate (44.0% versus 43.4%, P = 0.746) or early miscarriage rate (12.6% versus 12.0%, P = 0.707). Multivariate analysis indicated that the endometrial preparation protocol was not an independent factor for a clinical pregnancy or live birth. In the HRT group, the Caesarean section rate (64.7% versus 51.9%, P < 0.001) and pregnancy complication rate (20.2% versus 13.8%, P = 0.003) were significantly higher. The two groups were not statistically different with respect to gestational age, early preterm birth rate, fetal weight or fetal birth defect rate. CONCLUSIONS For patients undergoing a PGT-FET cycle involving a single blastocyst transfer, using assisted NC and HRT for the endometrial preparation could lead to comparable rates of clinical pregnancy and live birth. Additionally, NC is safer than HRT in terms of avoiding pregnancy complications and adverse obstetric outcomes.
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Shi WH, Ye MJ, Chen SC, Zhang JY, Chen YY, Zhou ZY, Qin NX, Zhou XY, Xu NX, Jiang ZR, Lin J, Huang HF, Xu CM. Case Report: Preimplantation Genetic Testing and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Alport Syndrome. Front Genet 2021; 12:633003. [PMID: 33633790 PMCID: PMC7900551 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.633003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alport syndrome, a monogenic kidney disease, is characterized by progressive hemorrhagic nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. Mutations in COL4A5 at Xq22 accounts for 80–85% of X-linked Alport syndrome patients. Three couples were referred to our reproductive genetics clinic for prenatal or preconception counseling. Methods Prenatal diagnoses were performed by amplifying targeted regions of COL4A5. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based haplotype analysis or karyomapping was performed in two patients. Pregnancy outcomes in the three patients were collected and analyzed. Published Alport syndrome cases were searched in Pubmed and Embase. Results Prenatal diagnoses in two cases showed one fetus harbored the same pathogenic mutation as the proband and the other was healthy. The couple with an affected fetus and the patient with a family history of Alport syndrome chose to take the preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) procedure. One unaffected embryo was transferred to the uterus, and a singleton pregnancy was achieved, respectively. Two patients presented non-nephrotic range proteinuria (<3 g/24 h) during pregnancy and the three cases all delivered at full-term. However, published Alport cases with chronic kidney disease or proteinuria during pregnancy were came with a high rate (75%) of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Conclusion The PGT procedure performed in this study was proven to be practicable and might be expanded to be applied in other monogenic diseases. Moderate or severe renal impairments in Alport syndrome were strongly associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, and baseline proteinuria was a potential predictor for pregnancy outcomes of Alport syndrome as other kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hui Shi
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Jin Ye
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Chang Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yu Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Yao Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Zhou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Xin Qin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan-You Zhou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Nai-Xin Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Ru Jiang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Ming Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Masset H, Zamani Esteki M, Dimitriadou E, Dreesen J, Debrock S, Derhaag J, Derks K, Destouni A, Drüsedau M, Meekels J, Melotte C, Peeraer K, Tšuiko O, van Uum C, Allemeersch J, Devogelaere B, François KO, Happe S, Lorson D, Richards RL, Theuns J, Brunner H, de Die-Smulders C, Voet T, Paulussen A, Coonen E, Vermeesch JR. Multi-centre evaluation of a comprehensive preimplantation genetic test through haplotyping-by-sequencing. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1608-1619. [PMID: 31348829 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can reduced representation genome sequencing offer an alternative to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays as a generic and genome-wide approach for comprehensive preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M), aneuploidy (PGT-A) and structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) in human embryo biopsy samples? SUMMARY ANSWER Reduced representation genome sequencing, with OnePGT, offers a generic, next-generation sequencing-based approach for automated haplotyping and copy-number assessment, both combined or independently, in human single blastomere and trophectoderm samples. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Genome-wide haplotyping strategies, such as karyomapping and haplarithmisis, have paved the way for comprehensive PGT, i.e. leveraging PGT-M, PGT-A and PGT-SR in a single workflow. These methods are based upon SNP array technology. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This multi-centre verification study evaluated the concordance of PGT results for a total of 225 embryos, including 189 originally tested for a monogenic disorder and 36 tested for a translocation. Concordance for whole chromosome aneuploidies was also evaluated where whole genome copy-number reference data were available. Data analysts were kept blind to the results from the reference PGT method. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Leftover blastomere/trophectoderm whole genome amplified (WGA) material was used, or secondary trophectoderm biopsies were WGA. A reduced representation library from WGA DNA together with bulk DNA from phasing references was processed across two study sites with the Agilent OnePGT solution. Libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq500 system, and data were analysed with Agilent Alissa OnePGT software. The embedded PGT-M pipeline utilises the principles of haplarithmisis to deduce haplotype inheritance whereas both the PGT-A and PGT-SR pipelines are based upon read-count analysis in order to evaluate embryonic ploidy. Concordance analysis was performed for both analysis strategies against the reference PGT method. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE PGT-M analysis was performed on 189 samples. For nine samples, the data quality was too poor to analyse further, and for 20 samples, no result could be obtained mainly due to biological limitations of the haplotyping approach, such as co-localisation of meiotic crossover events and nullisomy for the chromosome of interest. For the remaining 160 samples, 100% concordance was obtained between OnePGT and the reference PGT-M method. Equally for PGT-SR, 100% concordance for all 36 embryos tested was demonstrated. Moreover, with embryos originally analysed for PGT-M or PGT-SR for which genome-wide copy-number reference data were available, 100% concordance was shown for whole chromosome copy-number calls (PGT-A). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Inherent to haplotyping methodologies, processing of additional family members is still required. Biological limitations caused inconclusive results in 10% of cases. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Employment of OnePGT for PGT-M, PGT-SR, PGT-A or combined as comprehensive PGT offers a scalable platform, which is inherently generic and thereby, eliminates the need for family-specific design and optimisation. It can be considered as both an improvement and complement to the current methodologies for PGT. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Agilent Technologies, the KU Leuven (C1/018 to J.R.V. and T.V.) and the Horizon 2020 WIDENLIFE (692065 to J.R.V. and T.V). H.M. is supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, 11A7119N). M.Z.E, J.R.V. and T.V. are co-inventors on patent applications: ZL910050-PCT/EP2011/060211- WO/2011/157846 'Methods for haplotyping single cells' and ZL913096-PCT/EP2014/068315 'Haplotyping and copy-number typing using polymorphic variant allelic frequencies'. T.V. and J.R.V. are co-inventors on patent application: ZL912076-PCT/EP2013/070858 'High-throughput genotyping by sequencing'. Haplarithmisis ('Haplotyping and copy-number typing using polymorphic variant allelic frequencies') has been licensed to Agilent Technologies. The following patents are pending for OnePGT: US2016275239, AU2014345516, CA2928013, CN105874081, EP3066213 and WO2015067796. OnePGT is a registered trademark. D.L., J.T. and R.L.R. report personal fees during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work from Agilent Technologies. S.H. and K.O.F. report personal fees and other during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work from Agilent Technologies. J.A. reports personal fees and other during the conduct of the study from Agilent Technologies and personal fees from Agilent Technologies and UZ Leuven outside the submitted work. B.D. reports grants from IWT/VLAIO, personal fees during the conduct of the study from Agilent Technologies and personal fees and other outside the submitted work from Agilent Technologies. In addition, B.D. has a patent 20160275239 - Genetic Analysis Method pending. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Masset
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Masoud Zamani Esteki
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos Dreesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Debrock
- Leuven University Fertility Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josien Derhaag
- Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Derks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aspasia Destouni
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Marion Drüsedau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Meekels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Melotte
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Peeraer
- Leuven University Fertility Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris van Uum
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Allemeersch
- Diagnostics and Genomics Group, Agilent Technologies, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | - Scott Happe
- Diagnostics and Genomics Group, Agilent Technologies, Cedar Creek, TX, USA
| | - Dennis Lorson
- Diagnostics and Genomics Group, Agilent Technologies, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Louise Richards
- Diagnostics and Genomics Group, Agilent Technologies, Heverlee, Belgium.,Diagnostics and Genomics Group, Agilent Technologies, Niel, Belgium
| | - Jessie Theuns
- Diagnostics and Genomics Group, Agilent Technologies, Niel, Belgium
| | - Han Brunner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine de Die-Smulders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aimée Paulussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Coonen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Vivekanandam V, Männikkö R, Matthews E, Hanna MG. Improving genetic diagnostics of skeletal muscle channelopathies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:725-736. [PMID: 32657178 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1782195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skeletal muscle channelopathies are rare inherited conditions that cause significant morbidity and impact on quality of life. Some subsets have a mortality risk. Improved genetic methodology and understanding of phenotypes have improved diagnostic accuracy and yield. AREAS COVERED We discuss diagnostic advances since the advent of next-generation sequencing and the role of whole exome and genome sequencing. Advances in genotype-phenotype-functional correlations have improved understanding of inheritance and phenotypes. We outline new phenotypes, particularly in the pediatric setting and consider co-existing mutations that may act as genetic modifiers. We also discuss four newly identified genes associated with skeletal muscle channelopathies. EXPERT OPINION Next-generation sequencing using gene panels has improved diagnostic rates, identified new mutations, and discovered patients with co-existing pathogenic mutations ('double trouble'). This field has previously focussed on single genes, but we are now beginning to understand interactions between co-existing mutations, genetic modifiers, and their role in pathomechanisms. New genetic observations in pediatric presentations of channelopathies broadens our understanding of the conditions. Genetic and mechanistic advances have increased the potential to develop treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinojini Vivekanandam
- Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery , London, UK
| | - Roope Männikkö
- Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery , London, UK
| | - Emma Matthews
- Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery , London, UK
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery , London, UK
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Abstract
This report is an ethical analysis based on both facts and values. In in vitro fertilization (IVF), there is an intricate interaction between rapid scientific development and changing societal values. In most countries, the ethical discussion is no longer on whether or not IVF in itself is ethically justifiable. Therefore, in this review, I discuss other ethical aspects that have emerged since IVF was first introduced, such as upper age limits, 'ownership' of gametes and embryos, IVF in single women and same-sex couples, preimplantatory genetic testing, social egg freezing, commercialization, public funding, and prioritization of IVF. Despite secularization, since religion still plays an important role in regulation and practices of IVF in many countries, positions on IVF among the world religions are summarized. Decision-making concerning IVF cannot be based only on clinical and economic considerations; these cannot be disentangled from ethical principles. Many concerns regarding the costs, effects, and safety of IVF subtly transcend into more complex questions about what it means to society to bear and give birth to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Asplund
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- CONTACT Kjell Asplund Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Reimersholmsgatan 59, 11740 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Yu G, Ma S, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wu K, Hao A. Application of improved single blastomere fixation technique in preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:217-226. [PMID: 32232612 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To modify a fixation method improving the intensity and clarity of the single blastomeric signal detection by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in preimplantation genetic diagnosis. 333 cycles of assisted reproduction with preimplantation genetic diagnosis FISH (PGD-FISH) performed in our hospital were analyzed and a total of 3452 single blastomeres were obtained. For the conventional fixation method, the blastomeres were kept in 0.1% sodium citrate with 0.2 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 2-5 min. FISH was performed and the internal relationship between embryo quality and fixed rate, signal detection rate, and signal determination rate was explored. With the modified method, 91.54% of blastomeres were fixed, while 88.30% were fixed with the conventional method. The signal detection rate was significantly increased for the modified group than for the conventional group (compared 98.53% with 94.78%, P < 0.001). Especially, the signal determination rate also showed a significant difference between the two methods (compared 90.51% with 74.17%, P < 0.001). After the development of the fixation method, the fixation efficiency and the signal determination rate were greatly improved, providing more definite diagnosis for the patient. It will hopefully allow more assisted reproduction programs to offer their patients preimplantation genetic diagnosis with FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanling Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, No. 157, Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuiying Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, No. 157, Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yueting Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, No. 157, Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yujin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, No. 157, Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Haozhen Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, No. 157, Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Keliang Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, No. 157, Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Aijun Hao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, No. 157, Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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16
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Fertility preservation and preimplantation genetic assessment for women with breast cancer. Cryobiology 2020; 92:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Sciorio R, Tramontano L, Catt J. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A): status and future challenges. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:6-11. [PMID: 31317806 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1641194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The world's first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born in July 1978 in the UK. Since then, more than 7 million infants have been born worldwide as a result of IVF. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was introduced in the late 1980s for couples at risk of transmitting a genetic abnormality to their children. From the mid-1990s, this technology has been employed as an embryo selection tool for patients undergoing IVF and has been known as preimplantation genetic screening (PGS). The aim of this practice has been to identify and select euploid embryos for transfer, in order to increase efficacy of IVF cycle, ensure higher implantation rates or at least decreased time to pregnancy. In the early days, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technology was used for genetic analysis. New advancements in both biopsy and cytogenetic have made possible the improvement of PGD and PGT-A analysis. Currently, a variety of technologies have been implemented to individuate euploid embryos to be preferentially transferred in IVF treatments. The purpose of this review is to clarify the differences between PGD and PGT-A, and to discuss current indications and requirements for embryo biopsy and genetic methodologies used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Sciorio
- Edinburgh Assisted Conception Programme, EFREC, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luca Tramontano
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lugano Regional Hospital Civico and Italiano Sites, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - James Catt
- Scientific Director Optimal IVF Pty Ltd, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Abstract
Both injection and biopsy of a mammalian cell require positioning and orientation of a biological cell in a three-dimensional space under a microscope. Manual cell manipulation and orientation is the most commonly used method that is based on a trial-and-error and direct cell poking approach. OBJECTIVE Solve inherent problems of existing approaches, including low efficiency, poor success rate and inconsistent output. METHODS We present a system that is able to automatically rotate a mouse oocyte to a desired orientation based on computer vision. Experimental results demonstrate that the system's capability for intracellular structure recognition and fast oocyte orientation (11.2 s/cell). The system demonstrated overall out-of-plane and in-plane success rates of 94% and 95% respectively. CONCLUSION Our system performs the oocyte rotation by using standard equipment yet significantly improves the efficiency and success rate. SIGNIFICANCE Our methods improve existing techniques and provide a starting point for fast autofocusing and oocyte orientation prior to automatic ICSI or cell biopsy.
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Luo H, Chen C, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Wang W, Wu R, Peng Z, Han Y, Jiang L, Yao R, An X, Zhang W, Le Y, Xiang J, Yi N, Huang H, Li W, Zhang Y, Sun J. Preimplantation genetic testing for a family with usher syndrome through targeted sequencing and haplotype analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:157. [PMID: 31699113 PMCID: PMC6836415 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic defects (PGT-M) has been available in clinical practice. This study aimed to validate the applicability of targeted capture sequencing in developing personalized PGT-M assay. Methods One couple at risk of transmitting Usher Syndrome to their offspring was recruited to this study. Customized capture probe targeted at USH2A gene and 350 kb flanking region were designed for PGT-M. Eleven blastocysts were biopsied and amplified by using multiple displacement amplification (MDA) and capture sequencing. A hidden Markov model (HMM) assisted haplotype analysis was performed to deduce embryo’s genotype by using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in each sample. The embryo without paternal rare variant was implanted and validated by conventional prenatal or postnatal diagnostic means. Results Four embryos were diagnosed as free of father’s rare variant, two were transferred and one achieved a successful pregnancy. The fetal genotype was confirmed by Sanger sequencing of fetal genomic DNA obtained by amniocentesis. The PGT-M and prenatal diagnosis results were further confirmed by the molecular diagnosis of the baby’s genomic DNA sample. The auditory test showed that the hearing was normal. Conclusions Targeted capture sequencing is an effective and convenient strategy to develop customized PGT-M assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Wuhan BGI Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, BGI-Wuhan, BGI-Shenzhen, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Wuhan BGI Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, BGI-Wuhan, BGI-Shenzhen, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Wanyang Wang
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Zhiyu Peng
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Wuhan BGI Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, BGI-Wuhan, BGI-Shenzhen, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Ruqiang Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying An
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqun Le
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jiale Xiang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Na Yi
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Hui Huang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Wei Li
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jun Sun
- Wuhan BGI Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, BGI-Wuhan, BGI-Shenzhen, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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20
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Oribamise EI, Ashiru OA, Iloabachie EC, Osumah JG, Moruf OO. Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer. Niger Med J 2019; 60:99-105. [PMID: 31543559 PMCID: PMC6737793 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_124_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), a malignant tumor characterized mainly by a lump in the breast and a change in breast shape, has plagued many women of childbearing age in Nigeria today. This has thus propelled many to find both prophylactic and curative agents to combat BC in affected persons. This article extensively reviews a method of preventing BC in the offspring of affected parents, known as preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) – an assisted reproductive technique that selects genetically unaffected embryo(s) to be transferred to the uterus of a mother upon in vitro fertilization and standard genetic analysis. The present study also seeks to present the techniques involved in PGT that have been reported to prevent the inheritance of BC, its benefits and risks, related case studies in Africa and other continents, and ethical issues surrounding the application of assisted reproduction for BC testing. To achieve these, a thorough search was conducted in reputable scientific journals of reproduction and cancer, and expert knowledge was consulted with regard to these aspects of health and reproduction. Upon reviewing this very important subject, it was confirmed that the beneficial role of assisted reproduction in the field of science and the homes of many cannot be overestimated. This review of the role of PGT in BC prevention will enlighten the understanding of many – creating awareness that with PGT, BC-affected women can have not only children, but also healthy and genetically unaffected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice I Oribamise
- Medical ART Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.,Department of Anatomy, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oladapo A Ashiru
- Medical ART Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ebele C Iloabachie
- Medical ART Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Jumoke G Osumah
- Medical ART Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Oladimeji O Moruf
- Medical ART Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Fu Y, Shen X, Chen D, Wang Z, Zhou C. Multiple displacement amplification as the first step can increase the diagnostic efficiency of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease for β-thalassemia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:1515-1521. [PMID: 31141845 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether using multiple displacement amplification (MDA) as the first step can increase the diagnostic efficiency of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (PGT-M) for β-thalassemia. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. All included patients underwent PGT-M cycles (n = 307) for β-thalassemia in our center from January 2014 to February 2018. We divided the patients into two groups based on two different detection methods. For the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) group (n = 115), multiplex nested PCR+ reverse dot blot analysis was performed directly after cell lysis. For the MDA group (n = 192), the whole genomes of single cells were directly amplified using MDA and then examined by singleplex PCR + reverse dot blot for β-thalassemia. RESULTS A total of 2315 embryos were tested. The overall diagnostic efficiency of the MDA group was significantly higher than that of the PCR group (96.99% vs 88.15%, P < 0.001). The percentage of embryos available for transfer was significantly higher in the MDA group than in the PCR group (74.28% vs 64.98%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the carrier embryo rate of the MDA group was significantly higher than that of the PCR group (50.11% vs 35.95%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study indicates that MDA, as the first step in PGT-M for β-thalassemia, can increase diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjia Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengyan Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canquan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Gao W, Shakoor A, Zhao L, Jiang Z, Sun D. 3-D Image Reconstruction of Biological Organelles With a Robot-Aided Microscopy System for Intracellular Surgery. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2018.2886374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hens K, Bonduelle M, de Die-Smulders C, Liebaers I. Blurring boundaries. Interviews with PGT couples about comprehensive chromosome screening. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103604. [PMID: 30572173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comprehensive chromosome examination is a promising approach to Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT). Next to testing of specific chromosomes, such as in the case of reduced fertility due to chromosomal translocations, it allows testing of all chromosomes. Hence it potentially reduces the time to pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. But comprehensive testing also introduces some ethical issues. For example, what is the role of the professional in the decision making regarding embryos with chromosomal abnormalities that are potentially viable? Which chromosomal abnormalities should be communicated to people undergoing fertility treatment? With this paper we wanted to explore the ethical issues related to comprehensive chromosome screening in Preimplantation Genetic Testing. DESIGN In order to explore these issues, we interviewed seven couples undergoing PGT for chromosomal translocations at the VUB University Hospital, Belgium. We presented them with three fictional cases: the transfer of an embryo with trisomy 21, of an embryo with a sex chromosome aneuploidy and of an embryo with a chromosomal microdeletion. RESULTS We found that opinions regarding the role of fertility professionals in deciding which embryos to transfer were mixed. Moreover, where to draw the line between healthy and unhealthy embryos was unclear. We also found that couples, although they thought that comprehensive chromosome testing had certain benefits, also considered the increased waiting time for transfer a heavy burden. CONCLUSIONS In the light of comprehensive chromosome screening of embryos, persons undergoing fertility treatment may have views on the burdens and benefits of the techniques that are not analogous to the views of professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Hens
- University of Antwerp, Department of Philosophy, Rodestraat 14, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Maryse Bonduelle
- UZ Brussel, Centrum Medische Genetica, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussel, Belgium.
| | | | - Inge Liebaers
- UZ Brussel, Centrum Medische Genetica, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussel, Belgium.
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Shakoor A, Xie M, Luo T, Hou J, Shen Y, Mills JK, Sun D. Achieving Automated Organelle Biopsy on Small Single Cells Using a Cell Surgery Robotic System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:2210-2222. [PMID: 30530303 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2885772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Single cell surgery such as manipulation or removal of subcellular components or/and organelles from single cells is increasingly used for the study of diseases and their causes in precision medicine. This paper presents a robotic surgery system to achieve automated organelle biopsy of single cells with dimensions of less than 20 μm in diameter. The complexity of spatial detection of the organelle position is reduced by patterning the cells using a microfluidic chip device. A sliding mode nonlinear controller is developed to enable extraction of organelles, such as the mitochondria and the nucleus, from single cells with high precision. An image processing algorithm is also developed to automatically detect the position of the desired organelle. The effectiveness of the proposed robotic surgery system is demonstrated experimentally with automated extraction of mitochondria and nucleus from human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells and human fibroblast cells. Extraction is followed by biological tests to indicate the functionality of biopsied mitochondria as well as the cell viability after removal of mitochondria. The results presented here have revealed that the proposed approach of automated organelle biopsy on single small cells is feasible.
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25
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Naseri F, Hosseini S, Ghaffari Novin M, Hosseini A, Heidari MH, Salehi M. Does blastomere removal alter the expression level of miR-Let7a and its target genes following mouse embryo biopsy? J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9430-9436. [PMID: 30506995 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Embryo manipulations may cause the misexpression of various genes, most of which play critical roles in the regulation of implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of embryo biopsy on the expression of miR-Let-7a and its gene targets including ErbB4, Tgf-α, Itg-αv, Itg β3 on the implantation of mouse embryo. Embryos were produced by in vitro fertilization followed by blastomere biopsy at the eight-cell stage. The effects of blastomere removal on the expression of genes ErbB4, Tgf-α, Itg αv, Itg β3, and miR-Let-7a as well as the alteration of the blastocyst cell number were compared in both biopsied and non-biopsied groups. Finally, blastocyst attachment was assessed on culture dishes precoated with Fibronectin. The results revealed that there were no significant differences between the biopsied and non-biopsied embryos with reference to the blastocyst formation rates, the average inner cell mass, trophectoderm cell number, and percentage of attachment of blastocysts (P > 0.05). The expression of ErbB4, Itg-β3, Itg-αv, TGF-α transcripts, and miR-Let-7a in blastocysts biopsied embryos did not differ from the non-biopsied blastocysts (P > 0.05). The results demonstrated that the preimplantation embryo development and attachment of biopsied embryos in vitro is not adversely affected by one blastomere biopsy at the eight-cell stage embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Naseri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marefat Ghaffari Novin
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Heidari
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Xie M, Shakoor A, Shen Y, Mills JK, Sun D. Out-of-Plane Rotation Control of Biological Cells With a Robot-Tweezers Manipulation System for Orientation-Based Cell Surgery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:199-207. [PMID: 29993395 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2828136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In many cell surgery applications, cell must be oriented properly such that the microsurgery tool can access the target components with minimum damage to the cell. In this paper, a scheme for out of image plane orientation control of suspended biological cells using robotic controlled optical tweezers is presented for orientation-based cell surgery. Based on our previous work on planar cell rotation using optical tweezers, the dynamic model of cell out-of-plane orientation control is formulated by using the T-matrix approach. Vision-based algorithms are developed to extract the cell out of image plane orientation angles, based on 2-D image slices obtained under an optical microscope. A robust feedback controller is then proposed to achieve cell out-of-plane rotation. Experiments of automated out of image plane rotational control for cell nucleus extraction surgery are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. This approach advances robot-aided single cell manipulation and produces impactful benefits to cell surgery applications such as nucleus transplantation and organelle biopsy in precision medicine.
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27
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Jiang Z, Wang Y, Lin J, Xu J, Ding G, Huang H. Genetic and epigenetic risks of assisted reproduction. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 44:90-104. [PMID: 28844405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used primarily for infertility treatments to achieve pregnancy and involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and cryopreservation. Moreover, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of ART is used in couples for genetic reasons. In ART treatments, gametes and zygotes are exposed to a series of non-physiological processes and culture media. Although the majority of children born with this treatment are healthy, some concerns remain regarding the safety of this technology. Animal studies and follow-up studies of ART-borne children suggested that ART was associated with an increased incidence of genetic, physical, or developmental abnormalities, although there are also observations that contradict these findings. As IVF, ICSI, frozen-thawed embryo transfer, and PGD manipulate gametes and embryo at a time that is important for reprogramming, they may affect epigenetic stability, leading to gamete/embryo origins of adult diseases. In fact, ART offspring have been reported to have an increased risk of gamete/embryo origins of adult diseases, such as early-onset diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and so on. In this review, we will discuss evidence related to genetic, especially epigenetic, risks of assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Jiang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinyu Wang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolian Ding
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Zahavich L, Bowdin S, Mital S. Use of Clinical Exome Sequencing in Isolated Congenital Heart Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001581. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zahavich
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Bowdin
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seema Mital
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening (PGD/PGS) has been applied clinically for >25 years however inherent drawbacks include the necessity to tailor each case to the trait in question, and that technology to detect monogenic and chromosomal disorders respectively is fundamentally different. Areas covered: The area of preimplantation genetics has evolved over the last 25 years, adapting to changes in technology and the need for more efficient, streamlined diagnoses. Karyomapping allows the determination of inheritance from the (grand)parental haplobocks through assembly of inherited chromosomal segments. The output displays homologous chromosomes, crossovers and the genetic status of the embryos by linkage comparison, as well as chromosomal disorders. It also allows for determination of heterozygous SNP calls, avoiding the risks of allele dropout, a common problem with other PGD techniques. Manuscripts documenting the evolution of preimplantation genetics, especially those investigating technologies that would simultaneously detect monogenic and chromosomal disorders, were selected for review. Expert commentary: Karyomapping is currently available for detection of single gene disorders; ~1000 clinics worldwide offer it (via ~20 diagnostic laboratories) and ~2500 cases have been performed. Due an inability to detect post-zygotic trisomy reliably however and confounding problems of embryo mosaicism, karyomapping has yet to be applied clinically for detection of chromosome disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Gould
- a The Bridge Centre , London , UK.,b School of Biological Sciences , University of Kent , Canterbury , UK
| | - Darren K Griffin
- b School of Biological Sciences , University of Kent , Canterbury , UK
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Vermeesch JR, Voet T, Devriendt K. Prenatal and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 17:643-56. [PMID: 27629932 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen the development of technologies that have revolutionized prenatal genetic testing; that is, genetic testing from conception until birth. Genome-wide single-cell arrays and high-throughput sequencing analyses are dramatically increasing our ability to detect embryonic and fetal genetic lesions, and have substantially improved embryo selection for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Moreover, both invasive and non-invasive mutation scanning of the genome are helping to identify the genetic causes of prenatal developmental disorders. These advances are changing clinical practice and pose novel challenges for genetic counselling and prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Centre for Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 49 Herestraat, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Centre for Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 49 Herestraat, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Centre for Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 49 Herestraat, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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31
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McCoy RC. Mosaicism in Preimplantation Human Embryos: When Chromosomal Abnormalities Are the Norm. Trends Genet 2017; 33:448-463. [PMID: 28457629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Along with errors in meiosis, mitotic errors during post-zygotic cell division contribute to pervasive aneuploidy in human embryos. Relatively little is known, however, about the genesis of these errors or their fitness consequences. Rapid technological advances are helping to close this gap, revealing diverse molecular mechanisms contributing to mitotic error. These include altered cell cycle checkpoints, aberrations of the centrosome, and failed chromatid cohesion, mirroring findings from cancer biology. Recent studies are challenging the idea that mitotic error is abnormal, emphasizing that the fitness impacts of mosaicism depend on its scope and severity. In light of these findings, technical and philosophical limitations of various screening approaches are discussed, along with avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv C McCoy
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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32
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Hu L, Cheng D, Gong F, Lu C, Tan Y, Luo K, Wu X, He W, Xie P, Feng T, Yang K, Lu G, Lin G. Reciprocal Translocation Carrier Diagnosis in Preimplantation Human Embryos. EBioMedicine 2016; 14:139-147. [PMID: 27840008 PMCID: PMC5161423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is widely applied in reciprocal translocation carriers to increase the chance for a successful live birth. However, reciprocal translocation carrier embryos were seldom discriminated from the normal ones mainly due to the technique restriction. Here we established a clinical applicable approach to identify precise breakpoint of reciprocal translocation and to further distinguish normal embryos in PGD. In the preclinical phase, rearrangement breakpoints and adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were characterized by next-generation sequencing following microdissecting junction region (MicroSeq) from 8 reciprocal translocation carriers. Junction-spanning PCR and sequencing further discovered precise breakpoints. The precise breakpoints were identified in 7/8 patients and we revealed that translocations in 6 patients caused 9 gene disruptions. In the clinical phase of embryo analysis, informative SNPs were chosen for linkage analyses combined with PCR analysis of the breakpoints to identify the carrier embryos. From 15 blastocysts diagnosed to be chromosomal balanced, 13 blastocysts were identified to be carriers and 2 to be normal. Late prenatal diagnoses for five carriers and one normal fetus confirmed the carrier diagnosis results. Our results suggest that MicroSeq can accurately evaluate the genetic risk of translocation carriers and carrier screen is possible in later PGD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dehua Cheng
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Changfu Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Keli Luo
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xianhong Wu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wenbing He
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Pingyuan Xie
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Peking Jabrehoo Med Tech., Ltd., Beijing 100089, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Peking Jabrehoo Med Tech., Ltd., Beijing 100089, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China.
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33
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Precision Medicine and Advancing Genetic Technologies—Disability and Human Rights Perspectives. LAWS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/laws5030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Wang Z, Feng C, Ang WT, Tan SYM, Latt WT. Autofocusing and Polar Body Detection in Automated Cell Manipulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 64:1099-1105. [PMID: 27416586 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2590995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autofocusing and feature detection are two essential processes for performing automated biological cell manipulation tasks. In this paper, we have introduced a technique capable of focusing on a holding pipette and a mammalian cell under a bright-field microscope automatically, and a technique that can detect and track the presence and orientation of the polar body of an oocyte that is rotated at the tip of a micropipette. Both algorithms were evaluated by using mouse oocytes. Experimental results show that both algorithms achieve very high success rates: 100% and 96%. As robust and accurate image processing methods, they can be widely applied to perform various automated biological cell manipulations.
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35
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Induction of site-specific chromosomal translocations in embryonic stem cells by CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21918. [PMID: 26898344 PMCID: PMC4761995 DOI: 10.1038/srep21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocation is the most common form of chromosomal abnormality and is often associated with congenital genetic disorders, infertility, and cancers. The lack of cellular and animal models for chromosomal translocations, however, has hampered our ability to understand the underlying disease mechanisms and to develop new therapies. Here, we show that site-specific chromosomal translocations can be generated in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) via CRISPR/Cas9. Mouse ESCs carrying translocated chromosomes can be isolated and expanded to establish stable cell lines. Furthermore, chimeric mice can be generated by injecting these mESCs into host blastocysts. The establishment of ESC-based cellular and animal models of chromosomal translocation by CRISPR/Cas9 provides a powerful platform for understanding the effect of chromosomal translocation and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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36
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Lefler S, Cohen MA, Kantor G, Cheishvili D, Even A, Birger A, Turetsky T, Gil Y, Even-Ram S, Aizenman E, Bashir N, Maayan C, Razin A, Reubinoff BE, Weil M. Familial Dysautonomia (FD) Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived PNS Neurons Reveal that Synaptic Vesicular and Neuronal Transport Genes Are Directly or Indirectly Affected by IKBKAP Downregulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138807. [PMID: 26437462 PMCID: PMC4593545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A splicing mutation in the IKBKAP gene causes Familial Dysautonomia (FD), affecting the IKAP protein expression levels and proper development and function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Here we found new molecular insights for the IKAP role and the impact of the FD mutation in the human PNS lineage by using a novel and unique human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line homozygous to the FD mutation originated by pre implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) analysis. We found that IKBKAP downregulation during PNS differentiation affects normal migration in FD-hESC derived neural crest cells (NCC) while at later stages the PNS neurons show reduced intracellular colocalization between vesicular proteins and IKAP. Comparative wide transcriptome analysis of FD and WT hESC-derived neurons together with the analysis of human brains from FD and WT 12 weeks old embryos and experimental validation of the results confirmed that synaptic vesicular and neuronal transport genes are directly or indirectly affected by IKBKAP downregulation in FD neurons. Moreover we show that kinetin (a drug that corrects IKBKAP alternative splicing) promotes the recovery of IKAP expression and these IKAP functional associated genes identified in the study. Altogether, these results support the view that IKAP might be a vesicular like protein that might be involved in neuronal transport in hESC derived PNS neurons. This function seems to be mostly affected in FD-hESC derived PNS neurons probably reflecting some PNS neuronal dysfunction observed in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Lefler
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Malkiel A Cohen
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gal Kantor
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Cheishvili
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviel Even
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anastasya Birger
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tikva Turetsky
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaniv Gil
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharona Even-Ram
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einat Aizenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nibal Bashir
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Hadassah Hospital Mount Scopus, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Channa Maayan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hospital Mount Scopus, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aharon Razin
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamim E Reubinoff
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miguel Weil
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Concurrent whole-genome haplotyping and copy-number profiling of single cells. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:894-912. [PMID: 25983246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods for haplotyping and DNA copy-number typing of single cells are paramount for studying genomic heterogeneity and enabling genetic diagnosis. Before analyzing the DNA of a single cell by microarray or next-generation sequencing, a whole-genome amplification (WGA) process is required, but it substantially distorts the frequency and composition of the cell's alleles. As a consequence, haplotyping methods suffer from error-prone discrete SNP genotypes (AA, AB, BB) and DNA copy-number profiling remains difficult because true DNA copy-number aberrations have to be discriminated from WGA artifacts. Here, we developed a single-cell genome analysis method that reconstructs genome-wide haplotype architectures as well as the copy-number and segregational origin of those haplotypes by employing phased parental genotypes and deciphering WGA-distorted SNP B-allele fractions via a process we coin haplarithmisis. We demonstrate that the method can be applied as a generic method for preimplantation genetic diagnosis on single cells biopsied from human embryos, enabling diagnosis of disease alleles genome wide as well as numerical and structural chromosomal anomalies. Moreover, meiotic segregation errors can be distinguished from mitotic ones.
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Wang Z, Latt WT, Tan SYM, Ang WT. Visual Servoed Three-Dimensional Cell Rotation System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:2498-507. [PMID: 25993702 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2434102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) positioning and orientation of embryos/oocytes is necessary to facilitate micromanipulation tasks such as cell injection and cellular structural biopsy commonly performed under a microscope. Conventional cell orientation is performed manually by using a vacuum equipped micropipette to aspirate and release the cell, which is a trial-and-error approach. The conventional method relies heavily on the skill of the operator; it also suffers from low precision, low success rate and low controllability. These drawbacks illustrate the need for a systematic 3-D cell rotational system to automate the cell orientation process. In this paper, we present a noninvasive single cell rotation system that can automatically orientate a zebrafish embryo to a desired position when both the cytoplasm and the yolk are in the focal plane. A three-point-contact model for cell rotation that involves a custom-designed rotational stage is introduced to provide precise rotational position control. A vision recognition algorithm is also proposed to enable the visual servoing function of the system. Experimental results show that the proposed system can achieve high success rates of 92.5% (x-axis rotation with 40 trails) and 97.5% (about the z-axis with 80 trails). The system can also successfully complete 3-D cell orientation at an average speed of 31 s/cell with a high in-plane rotation accuracy of 0.3 (°) . As a high precise, high controllable and deterministic cell manipulating system, it provides a starting point for automated cell manipulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
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Cunningham J, Goldsmith L, Skirton H. The evidence base regarding the experiences of and attitudes to preimplantation genetic diagnosis in prospective parents. Midwifery 2015; 31:288-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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De Krom G, Arens YHJM, Coonen E, Van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Meijer-Hoogeveen M, Evers JLH, Van Golde RJT, De Die-Smulders CEM. Recurrent miscarriage in translocation carriers: no differences in clinical characteristics between couples who accept and couples who decline PGD. Hum Reprod 2014; 30:484-9. [PMID: 25432924 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do clinical characteristics of recurrent miscarriage couples with a chromosomal abnormality and who opt for PGD differ from couples that decline PGD after extensive genetic counselling? SUMMARY ANSWER No differences in clinical characteristics are identified between recurrent miscarriage couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality who opt for PGD compared with those that decline PGD after extensive genetic counselling. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Couples who have experienced two or more miscarriages (recurrent miscarriage) are at increased recurrence risk if one of the partners carries a structural chromosomal abnormality. PGD can be offered to avoid (another) miscarriage or pregnancy termination when (invasive) prenatal diagnosis shows an abnormal result. To date, no reports are available that describe reproductive decision-making after genetic counselling on PGD in these specific couples. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Retrospective cohort study of 294 couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality seeking genetic counselling on PGD between 1996 and 2012. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants were recurrent miscarriage couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality. They had been referred for genetic counselling to the only national licensed PGD centre. Clinical characteristics analysed included couple associated characteristics, characteristics concerning reproductive history and external characteristics such as type of physician that referred the couple for genetic counselling and the clinical geneticist performing the counselling on PGD. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of 294 couples referred for counselling on PGD, 26 were not accepted because they did not meet the criteria for IVF-PGD. The remaining cohort of 268 couples consisted of two-thirds female and one-third male carriers. Main PGD indications were reciprocal translocations (83.9%) and Robertsonian translocations (16.7%). Following genetic counselling, 76.9% of included couples chose PGD as their reproductive option, the others declined PGD. Reproductive choice is not influenced by sex of the translocation carrier (P = 0.499), type of chromosomal abnormality (P = 0.346), number of previous miscarriages (P = 0.882), history of termination of pregnancy (TOP) because of an unbalanced fetal karyotype (P = 0.800), referring physician (P = 0.208) or geneticist who performed the counselling (P = 0.410). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study only included recurrent miscarriage couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality, who were actually referred to a PGD clinic for genetic counselling. We lack information on couples who were not referred for PGD. Some of these patients may not have been informed on PGD at all, while others were not referred for counselling because they did not opt for PGD to start with. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study shows that reproductive choices in couples with recurrent miscarriage on the basis of a structural chromosomal abnormality are not influenced by characteristics of the couple itself, nor by their obstetric history or external characteristics. These findings suggest that a couples' intrinsic attitude towards PGD treatment is a major factor influencing their reproductive choice. Future research will focus on these personal motives that seem to push reproductive decision-making following genetic counselling in a given direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Krom
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Y H J M Arens
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Coonen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Meijer-Hoogeveen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J L H Evers
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R J T Van Golde
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C E M De Die-Smulders
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Renwick P, Ogilvie CM. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for monogenic diseases: overview and emerging issues. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 7:33-43. [PMID: 17187482 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.7.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an established reproductive option for couples at risk of conceiving a pregnancy affected with a known genetic disease, who wish to avoid an (additional) affected child, termination of pregnancy or recurrent miscarriages. Early technologies concentrated on different approaches to direct mutation testing for monogenic diseases using single cell PCR protocols, or sex selection by fluorescent in situ hybridization for X-linked monogenic disease. Development of multiplex fluorescent PCR allowed simultaneously testing of linked markers alongside the mutation test, increasing the accuracy by controlling for contamination and identifying allele drop-out. The advent of highly effective whole genome amplification methods has opened the way for new technologies such as preimplantation genetic haplotyping and microarrays, thus increasing the number of genetic defects that can be detected in preimplantation embryos; the number of cases carried out and the new indications tested increases each year. Different countries have taken very different approaches to legislating and regulating PGD, giving rise to the phenomenon of reproductive tourism. PGD is now being performed for scenarios previously not undertaken using prenatal diagnosis, some of which raise significant ethical concerns. While PGD has benefited many couples aiming to have healthy children, ethical concerns remain over inappropriate use of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Renwick
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital Foundation Trust, Genetics Center, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Abotalib Z. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis in Saudi Arabia. Bioinformation 2013; 9:388-93. [PMID: 23750087 PMCID: PMC3670120 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) testing is the practice of obtaining a cellular biopsy sample from a developing human oocyte or embryo, acquired via a cycle of in vitro fertilization (IVF); evaluating the genetic composition of this sample; and using this information to determine which embryos will be optimal for subsequent uterine transfer. PGD has become an increasingly useful adjunct to IVF procedures. The ability to provide couples who are known carriers of genetic abnormalities the opportunity to deliver healthy babies has opened a new frontier in reproductive medicine. The purpose of the PGD is enables us to choose which embryos will be implanted into the mother. In the present study 137 families who had undergone IVF at Habib Medical Centre, were enrolled for the PGD analysis. The couple visited the clinic for the sex selection, recurrent fetal loss and with the recurrent IVF failure. 802 embryos were tested by the biopsy method and 512 are found to be normal and 290 were abnormal embryos. In this study only 24% of the embryos were transferred and the remaining was not transferred because of the abnormalities or undesired sex of the embryos. The structural and numerical abnormalities were found to be 16.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Abotalib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University P.O. Box 60826, Riyadh 11555, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Menuz V, Hurlimann T, Godard B. Is human enhancement also a personal matter? SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2013; 19:161-177. [PMID: 21786000 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-011-9294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging technologies are increasingly used in an attempt to "enhance the human body and/or mind" beyond the contemporary standards that characterize human beings. Yet, such standards are deeply controversial and it is not an easy task to determine whether the application of a given technology to an individual and its outcome can be defined as a human enhancement or not. Despite much debate on its potential or actual ethical and social impacts, human enhancement is not subject to any consensual definition. This paper proposes a timely and much needed examination of the various definitions found in the literature. We classify these definitions into four main categories: the implicit approach, the therapy-enhancement distinction, the improvement of general human capacities and the increase of well-being. After commenting on these different approaches and their limitations, we propose a definition of human enhancement that focuses on individual perceptions. While acknowledging that a definition that mainly depends on personal and subjective individual perceptions raises many challenges, we suggest that a comprehensive approach to define human enhancement could constitute a useful premise to appropriately address the complexity of the ethical and social issues it generates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Menuz
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bioethics Programs, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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Jacquet L, Stephenson E, Collins R, Patel H, Trussler J, Al-Bedaery R, Renwick P, Ogilvie C, Vaughan R, Ilic D. Strategy for the creation of clinical grade hESC line banks that HLA-match a target population. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 5:10-7. [PMID: 23161805 PMCID: PMC3569650 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a pre-derivation embryo haplotyping strategy that we developed in order to maximize the efficiency and minimize the costs of establishing banks of clinical grade hESC lines in which human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes match a significant proportion of the population. Using whole genome amplification followed by medium resolution HLA typing using PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP), we have typed the parents, embryos and hESC lines from three families as well as our eight clinical grade hESC lines and shown that this technical approach is rapid, reliable and accurate. By employing this pre-derivation strategy where, based on HLA match, embryos are selected for a GMP route on day 3-4 of development, we would have drastically reduced our cGMP laboratory running costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureen Jacquet
- Embryonic Stem Cell Laboratories, Guy's Assisted Conception Unit, Division of Women's Health, King's College School of Medicine, London, UK
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Abstract
Research and clinical applications, such as microinjection and polar-body biopsy involve 3-D rotation of mammalian oocytes/embryos. In these cell manipulation tasks, the polar body of an embryo/oocyte must be made visible and properly oriented under optical microscopy. Cell rotation in conventional manual operation by skilled professionals is based on trial and error, such as through repeated vacuum aspiration and release. The randomness of this manual procedure, its poor reproducibility, and inconsistency across operators entail a systematic technique for automated, noninvasive, 3-D rotational control of single cells. This paper reports a system that tracks the polar body of mouse embryos in real time and controls multiple motion control devices to conduct automated 3-D rotational control of mouse embryos. Experimental results demonstrated the system's capability for polar-body orientation with a high success rate of 90%, an accuracy of 1.9 °, and an average speed of 22.8 s/cell (versus averagely 40 s/cell in manual operation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Leung
- Advanced Micro and Nanosystems Laboratory, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Constructing embryos, constructing politics: Connecting politics and technology in the Netherlands and Germany. BIOSOCIETIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1057/biosoc.2011.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fassihi H, Liu L, Renwick PJ, Braude PR, McGrath JA. Development and successful clinical application of preimplantation genetic haplotyping for Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol 2010; 162:1330-6. [PMID: 20163412 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa (HJEB) is a severe, life-threatening, autosomal recessive blistering skin disease for which no cure is currently available. Prenatal diagnosis for couples at risk is feasible through fetal skin biopsy or analysis of DNA extracted from chorionic villi, but these methods can be applied only after pregnancy has been established. An alternative approach, which involves the analysis of single cells from embryos prior to establishment of pregnancy, is preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Until now, its clinical uptake has been hindered by lengthy delays in establishing mutation-specific protocols, and by the small amount of template DNA that can be obtained from a single cell. A new method that addresses these problems, preimplantation genetic haplotyping (PGH), relies on whole genome amplification followed by haplotyping of multiple polymorphic markers using standard DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. OBJECTIVES To design and validate a generic PGH assay for HJEB and to transfer this into clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a multiplex PCR-based PGH assay involving 16 markers within and flanking the LAMB3 gene (the most frequently mutated gene in HJEB). The assay was then validated in 10 families with at least one previously affected offspring. After licensing by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), the new test was used for PGD in a couple at risk of HJEB. RESULTS The chromosome 1 LAMB3 markers within the assay were shown to be of sufficient heterogeneity to have widespread application for preimplantation testing of HJEB. In one couple that were heterozygous carriers of nonsense mutations in LAMB3, we used the new assay to identify unaffected embryos in a series of PGD cycles. Pregnancy was established in the third PGD cycle and a healthy, unaffected child was born. DNA analysis of cord blood confirmed the predicted single-cell mutation status of wild-type LAMB3 alleles. CONCLUSIONS PGH represents a major step forward in widening the scope and availability of preimplantation testing for serious mapped single-gene disorders. We have established a generic test that is suitable for the majority of couples at risk of HJEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fassihi
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), 9th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a chronic condition for which genetic testing offers much for the individuals affected in terms of an early diagnosis and offers timely additional information for families with regard to family planning and prenatal testing. Genetic counselling encompasses a range of clinical issues for families and forms a complementary resource for clinicians caring for people with cystic fibrosis. This review will discuss the range of genetic information readily available to patients and families through genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn Culling
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Lien KY, Lee GB. Miniaturization of molecular biological techniques for gene assay. Analyst 2010; 135:1499-518. [PMID: 20390199 DOI: 10.1039/c000037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid diagnosis of various diseases is a critical advantage of many emerging biomedical tools. Due to advances in preventive medicine, tools for the accurate analysis of genetic mutation and associated hereditary diseases have attracted significant interests in recent years. The entire diagnostic process usually involves two critical steps, namely, sample pre-treatment and genetic analysis. The sample pre-treatment processes such as extraction and purification of the target nucleic acids prior to genetic analysis are essential in molecular diagnostics. The genetic analysis process may require specialized apparatus for nucleic acid amplification, sequencing and detection. Traditionally, pre-treatment of clinical biological samples (e.g. the extraction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA)) and the analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with genetic diseases are typically a lengthy and costly process. These labor-intensive and time-consuming processes usually result in a high-cost per diagnosis and hinder their practical applications. Besides, the accuracy of the diagnosis may be affected owing to potential contamination from manual processing. Alternatively, due to significant advances in micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) and microfluidic technology, there are numerous miniature systems employed in biomedical applications, especially for the rapid diagnosis of genetic diseases. A number of advantages including automation, compactness, disposability, portability, lower cost, shorter diagnosis time, lower sample and reagent consumption, and lower power consumption can be realized by using these microfluidic-based platforms. As a result, microfluidic-based systems are becoming promising platforms for genetic analysis, molecular biology and for the rapid detection of genetic diseases. In this review paper, microfluidic-based platforms capable of identifying genetic sequences and diagnosis of genetic mutations are surveyed and reviewed. Some critical issues with the use of microfluidic-based systems for diagnosis of genetic diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yi Lien
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Microsystems Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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