1
|
Suraiya S, Ahmmed MK, Haq M. Immunity boosting roles of biofunctional compounds available in aquafoods: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09547. [PMID: 35663745 PMCID: PMC9160354 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquafoods are diverse and rich in containing various health functional compounds which boost natural immunity. In this manuscript, the contents of biofunctional compounds such as vitamins, minerals, protein and amino acids, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pigments, etc. in various aquafoods like fishes, molluscs, crustaceans, seaweeds etc. are reported. The functional roles of those compounds are also depicted which enhance the immunecompetence and immunomodulation of the consumers. This paper provides an account of the recommended daily dietary intake level of those compounds for human. Those compounds available in aquafoods are recommended as they fight against various infectious diseases by enhancing immunity. Available reports on the bioactive compounds in aquafoods reveal the immunity boosting performances which may offer a new insight into controlling infectious diseases. Various bioactive compounds are available in diverse aquafoods. Aquafoods are rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids, ω-3 PUFAs, and pigments. These compounds enhance immunecompetence and immunomodulation. Boosting immune system is an effective way to combat infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Suraiya
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Fishing and Post-harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Monjurul Haq
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paoloni M, Agostini F, Bernasconi S, Bona G, Cisari C, Fioranelli M, Invernizzi M, Madeo A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Migliore A, Quirino N, Ventura C, Viganò R, Bernetti A. Information Survey on the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58010125. [PMID: 35056433 PMCID: PMC8781067 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are generally considered non-scientific and poor effective therapies. Nevertheless, CAMs are extensively used in common clinical practice in Western countries. We decided to promote a Delphi consensus to intercept the opinion of Italian physicians on CAM use in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: We run a Delphi-based consensus, interviewing anonymously 97 physicians. Of these, only 78 participate to the questionnaire. Results: Consensus about agreement and disagreement have been reached in several topics, including indication, as well as safety issues concerning CAMs. Conclusions: The use of CAMs in clinical practice still lacks evidence. Experts agree about the possibility to safely use CAMs in combination with conventional medicines to treat non-critical medical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paoloni
- Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Agostini
- Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Sergio Bernasconi
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Gianni Bona
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.B.); (C.C.); (M.I.)
| | - Carlo Cisari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.B.); (C.C.); (M.I.)
| | - Massimo Fioranelli
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.B.); (C.C.); (M.I.)
- Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Antonello Madeo
- DISTU (Language, History, Philosophy and Law) Department, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alberto Migliore
- Unit of Rheumatology, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicola Quirino
- Business School, LUISS “Guido Carli” University, 00197 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Roberto Viganò
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Gaetano Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Bernetti
- Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu S, Zhao J, Liu Y, Li N, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu X, Jiang L, Liu B, Fu X, Li X, Li L. High Chromosomal Stability and Immortalized Totipotency Characterize Long-Term Tissue Cultures of Chinese Ginseng ( Panax Ginseng). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040514. [PMID: 33807422 PMCID: PMC8067114 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a highly cherished traditional Chinese medicine, with several confirmed medical effects and many more asserted health-boosting functions. Somatic chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of many types of human cancers and also related to other pathogenic conditions such as miscarriages and intellectual disabilities, hence, the study of this phenomenon is of wide scientific and translational medical significance. CIN also ubiquitously occurs in cultured plant cells, and is implicated as a major cause of the rapid decline/loss of totipotency with culture duration, which represents a major hindrance to the application of transgenic technologies in crop improvement. Here, we report two salient features of long-term cultured callus cells of ginseng, i.e., high chromosomal stability and virtually immortalized totipotency. Specifically, we document that our callus of ginseng, which has been subcultured for 12 consecutive years, remained highly stable at the chromosomal level and showed little decline in totipotency. We show that these remarkable features of cultured ginseng cells are likely relevant to the robust homeostasis of the transcriptional expression of specific genes (i.e., genes related to tissue totipotency and chromosomal stability) implicated in the manifestation of these two complex phenotypes. To our knowledge, these two properties of ginseng have not been observed in any animals (with respect to somatic chromosomal stability) and other plants. We posit that further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying these unique properties of ginseng, especially somatic chromosomal stability in protracted culture duration, may provide novel clues to the mechanistic understanding of the occurrence of CIN in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Xueqi Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (X.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (X.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Linfeng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (X.L.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang P, Qian F, Zhang M, Xu AL, Wang X, Jiang B, Zhou L, Zhou X. Zishen Tongluo formula ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by modulation of Th17/Treg balance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112428. [PMID: 31783137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zishen Tongluo formula (ZTF) is simplified from the Qingluo Tongbi formula, which has been applied to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical practices for several decades. Our previous studies have verified the effects of ZTF on arthritis animal models. However, its mechanism of treating RA is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ZTF on the Th17/Treg balance in RA mice and the role of the different herb groups with the effect of Zishen yangyin (YY), Huatan quyu (HT), or Qufeng chushi (QF) in ZTF. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was established. The animals were randomly divided into the normal, model, positive drug, YY, QF, HT, and the whole compound (ZTF) groups. After oral administration for one-month, cytokine levels in the plasma and histopathological changes of the joint were measured by ELISA and hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively. Meanwhile, the balance of Th17/Treg cells in blood, spleen or lymph nodes was detected using flow cytometry and qPCR. RESULTS ZTF or the different functional groups could improve the joint inflammation, decrease the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, restore the balance of Th17 and Treg cells in CIA mice. However, there were some differences in each functional group: YY mainly promoted the responses of Treg cells while QF inhibited the functions of Th17 cells. Besides, HT regulated both Th17 and Treg cells to keep the immune balance. CONCLUSIONS ZTF could notably ameliorate CIA mice by restoring the balance of Th17/Treg cells. Each functional group could target Th17 and/or Treg cells to produce synergistic/enhancement effects, and ZTF had a better holistic effect in RA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Feiya Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - A-Lan Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Baoping Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang W, Zhou H, Liu L. The role of Chinese herbal medicine in the management of adverse drug reactions of leflunomide in treating rheumatoid arthritis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153136. [PMID: 32062477 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high discontinuation rate in RA patients who use LEF might be attributed to their intolerance rather than irresponsibility. The concomitant administration of Leflunomide (LEF) with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) provides a potential solution to preventing the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by LEF during the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PURPOSE To investigate whether co-administration of LEF with CHM could bring in both increased therapeutic outcomes and reduced ADRs due to the framework of treatment at the level of entire body. STUDY DESIGN The mechanism of LEF in RA treatment and the ADRs it induced was introduced based on recent papers. Reported clinical examples of CHM concurrent use with LEF was revealed to provide more evidence. The management of the ADRs caused by LEF was suggested by current researches on the concomitant therapy of CHM with LEF. RESULTS The active ingredients, compounds and medicinal herbs all demonstrated properties in relieving toxicities and reducing ADRs when used with LEF and reported in several clinical cases. The wide application of concurrent use of CHM with LEF is however hindered by the complex pathogenesis of RA which requires further scientific grounds for diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION This review introduced that the adoption of CHM is emerging as a novel strategy for the management of ADRs caused by LEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macau, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macau, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan K, Li X, Lu Q, Zhu Q, Jiang H, Wang T, Huang G, Xu A. Application and Mechanisms of Triptolide in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases-A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1469. [PMID: 31866868 PMCID: PMC6908995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects have been emerging as important sources of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, is a pharmacologically active compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) that is used as a remedy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As the most promising bioactive compound obtained from TwHF, triptolide has attracted considerable interest recently, especially for its potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. Over the past few years, an increasing number of studies have been published emphasizing the value of triptolide in the treatment of diverse inflammatory disorders. Here, we systematically review the mechanism of action and the therapeutic properties of triptolide in various inflammatory diseases according to different systematic organs, including lupus nephritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis with pubmed and Embase. Based on this review, potential research strategies might contribute to the clinical application of triptolide in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyi Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixu Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dobrange E, Peshev D, Loedolff B, Van den Ende W. Fructans as Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Agents: The Case of Echinacea. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E615. [PMID: 31623122 PMCID: PMC6843407 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, medicinal purposes of plants have been studied, documented, and acknowledged as an integral part of human healthcare systems. The development of modern medicine still relies largely on this historical knowledge of the use and preparation of plants and their extracts. Further research into the human microbiome highlights the interaction between immunomodulatory responses and plant-derived, prebiotic compounds. One such group of compounds includes the inulin-type fructans (ITFs), which may also act as signaling molecules and antioxidants. These multifunctional compounds occur in a small proportion of plants, many of which have recognized medicinal properties. Echinacea is a well-known medicinal plant and products derived from it are sold globally for its cold- and flu-preventative and general health-promoting properties. Despite the well-documented phytochemical profile of Echinacea plants and products, little research has looked into the possible role of ITFs in these products. This review aims to highlight the occurrence of ITFs in Echinacea derived formulations and the potential role they play in immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Dobrange
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Darin Peshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bianke Loedolff
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
James PB, Wardle J, Steel A, Adams J. Utilisation of and Attitude towards Traditional and Complementary Medicine among Ebola Survivors in Sierra Leone. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E387. [PMID: 31323758 PMCID: PMC6681324 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: In addition to conventional healthcare, Ebola survivors are known to seek traditional and complementary healthcare (T&CM) options to meet their healthcare needs. However, little is known about the general beliefs of Ebola survivors regarding T&CM and the impact of these beliefs in influencing their decisions around T&CM use. This study examines Ebola survivors' attitudes towards T&CM use in Sierra Leone. Materials and Methods: We conducted a nationwide quantitative cross-sectional study of 358 Ebola survivors in Sierra Leone between January and August 2018. We used descriptive analysis, chi-square tests and backward stepwise binary logistic regression for data analysis. Results: Close to half of the survivors (n = 163, 45.5%) had used T&CM since their discharge from an Ebola treatment centre. Survivors who viewed T&CM as boosting their immune system/resistance were 3.89 times (95%CI: 1.57-9.63, p = 0.003) more likely to use T&CM than those who did not view T&CM as boosting their immune system/resistance. Additionally, survivors who viewed T&CM as having fewer side effects than conventional medicine were more likely to use T&CM [OR = 5.03 (95%CI: 1.92-13.19, p = 0.001)]. Ebola survivors were more influenced to use T&CM based on their personal experience of the effectiveness of T&CM than by clinical evidence [OR = 13.72 (95%CI: 6.10-30.84, P < 0.001)]. Ebola survivors who perceived T&CM as providing them with more control than conventional medicine over their health/body were more likely to use T&CM [OR = 4.15 (95%CI: 1.74-9.89, p = 0.001)] as opposed to those who did not perceive T&CM in this way. Conclusions: Considering the widespread use of T&CM, an understanding of Ebola survivors' attitudes/beliefs towards T&CM is useful to healthcare providers and policymakers with regard to public education and practitioner-survivors communication, T&CM regulation and research in Sierra Leone. Ebola survivors appear to turn to T&CM not only for treatment, but also to fill gaps in conventional health care services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bai James
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney 2007, Australia.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, 00232 Freetown, Sierra Leone.
| | - Jon Wardle
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Amie Steel
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Traditional Knowledge-based Medicine: A Review of History, Principles, and Relevance in the Present Context of P4 Systems Medicine. PROGRESS IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/pp9.0000000000000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
10
|
Qigong Exercise and Arthritis. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4040071. [PMID: 28953263 PMCID: PMC5750595 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Arthritis is a chronic condition resulting in considerable disability, particularly in later life. Aims: The first aim of this review was to summarize and synthesize the research base concerning the use of Qigong exercises as a possible adjunctive strategy for promoting well-being among adults with arthritis. A second was to provide related intervention directives for health professionals working or who are likely to work with this population in the future. Methods: Material specifically focusing on examining the nature of Qigong for minimizing arthritis disability, pain and dependence and for improving life quality was sought. Results: Collectively, despite almost no attention to this topic, available data reveal that while more research is indicated, Qigong exercises-practiced widely in China for many centuries as an exercise form, mind-body and relaxation technique-may be very useful as an intervention strategy for adults with different forms of painful disabling arthritis. Conclusion: Health professionals working with people who have chronic arthritis can safely recommend these exercises to most adults with this condition with the expectation they will heighten the life quality of the individual, while reducing pain and depression in adults with this condition.
Collapse
|
11
|
Periploca forrestii Saponin Ameliorates Murine CFA-Induced Arthritis by Suppressing Cytokine Production. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7941684. [PMID: 28057980 PMCID: PMC5183772 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7941684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periploca forrestii Schltr. has been used as a Chinese folk medicine due to its versatile pharmacological effects such as promoting wounds and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the antiarthritic activity of Periploca forrestii saponin (PFS) and its active compound Periplocin has still not been demonstrated. Here, we evaluated the antiarthritic effects of PFS in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats by intragastric administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activities of Periplocin were also examined in LPS-induced AIA splenocytes and synoviocytes. PFS significantly ameliorated joint swelling; inhibited bone erosion in joints; lowered levels of IL-6 and TGF-β1 in AIA rat splenocyte; and reduced joint protein expression levels of phospho-STAT3 and IKKα. Using LPS-induced AIA splenocytes, we demonstrate that Periplocin suppressed the key proinflammatory cytokines levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, and IL-13 and IL-22 and transcription factor levels of T-bet, GATA3, and C-Jun genes. Periplocin also suppressed LPS-induced cytokine secretion from synoviocytes. Our study highlights the antiarthritic activity of PFS and its derived Periplocin and the underlying mechanisms. These results provide a strong rationale for further testing and validation of the use of Periploca forrestii Schltr. as an alternative modality for the treatment of RA.
Collapse
|
12
|
Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of Guge Fengtong Formula: in vitro and in vivo studies. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:842-853. [PMID: 26614459 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthritis and a major cause of disability. Presently, the clinical therapeutic medicines for inflammatory and arthritic diseases are unsatisfactory due to severe adverse effects or ineffectiveness. The Guge Fengtong formula (GGFT), containing the standardized extracts of Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma, Spatholobi Caulis, and Zingiberis Rhizoma, has long been used for RA treatment by Chinese doctorsin China. However, the detailed anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of GGFT has not been reported so far. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of GGFT using three in vivo animal models, and tried to uncover its preliminarythe underlying mechanism of action mechanism in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The obtained results indicated that GGFT significantly attenuated ear edema, decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema, reduced the arthritis score, and reversed the weight loss of the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)CFA-injected rats. Additionally, marked decrease of in synovial inflammatory infiltration and synovial lining hyperplasia in the joints and decline of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the serum were observed in the GGFT-treated rats. In lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages, GGFT reduced the production of NO, PGE2, and IL-6, and inhibited the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB expression. Our results demonstrated that GGFT possessed considerable anti-inflammatory activity and have had potential therapeutic effects on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats, which provided providing experimental evidences for its traditional application in the treatment of RA and other inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mazzocut M, Truccolo I, Antonini M, Rinaldi F, Omero P, Ferrarin E, De Paoli P, Tasso C. Web Conversations About Complementary and Alternative Medicines and Cancer: Content and Sentiment Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e120. [PMID: 27311444 PMCID: PMC4929351 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among cancer patients is widespread and mostly self-administrated. Today, one of the most relevant topics is the nondisclosure of CAM use to doctors. This general lack of communication exposes patients to dangerous behaviors and to less reliable information channels, such as the Web. The Italian context scarcely differs from this trend. Today, we are able to mine and analyze systematically the unstructured information available in the Web, to get an insight of people’s opinions, beliefs, and rumors concerning health topics.
Objective
Our aim was to analyze Italian Web conversations about CAM, identifying the most relevant Web sources, therapies, and diseases and measure the related sentiment.
Methods
Data have been collected using the Web Intelligence tool ifMONITOR. The workflow consisted of 6 phases: (1) eligibility criteria definition for the ifMONITOR search profile; (2) creation of a CAM terminology database; (3) generic Web search and automatic filtering, the results have been manually revised to refine the search profile, and stored in the ifMONITOR database; (4) automatic classification using the CAM database terms; (5) selection of the final sample and manual sentiment analysis using a 1-5 score range; (6) manual indexing of the Web sources and CAM therapies type retrieved. Descriptive univariate statistics were computed for each item: absolute frequency, percentage, central tendency (mean sentiment score [MSS]), and variability (standard variation σ).
Results
Overall, 212 Web sources, 423 Web documents, and 868 opinions have been retrieved. The overall sentiment measured tends to a good score (3.6 of 5). Quite a high polarization in the opinions of the conversation partaking emerged from standard variation analysis (σ≥1). In total, 126 of 212 (59.4%) Web sources retrieved were nonhealth-related. Facebook (89; 21%) and Yahoo Answers (41; 9.7%) were the most relevant. In total, 94 CAM therapies have been retrieved. Most belong to the “biologically based therapies or nutrition” category: 339 of 868 opinions (39.1%), showing an MSS of 3.9 (σ=0.83). Within nutrition, “diets” collected 154 opinions (18.4%) with an MSS of 3.8 (σ=0.87); “food as CAM” overall collected 112 opinions (12.8%) with a MSS of 4 (σ=0.68). Excluding diets and food, the most discussed CAM therapy is the controversial Italian “Di Bella multitherapy” with 102 opinions (11.8%) with an MSS of 3.4 (σ=1.21). Breast cancer was the most mentioned disease: 81 opinions of 868.
Conclusions
Conversations about CAM and cancer are ubiquitous. There is a great concern about the biologically based therapies, perceived as harmless and useful, under-rating all risks related to dangerous interactions or malnutrition. Our results can be useful to doctors to be aware of the implications of these beliefs for the clinical practice. Web conversation exploitation could be a strategy to gain insights of people’s perspective for other controversial topics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mazzocut
- CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Scientific and Patient Library, Aviano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Complementary and Alternative Medicine use in Pediatric Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Reviewing the Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicines. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-016-0074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
15
|
El-Ashmawy N, El-Zamarany E, Salem M, El-Bahrawy H, Al-Ashmawy G. In vitro and in vivo studies of the immunomodulatory effect of Echinacea purpurea on dendritic cells. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:185-192. [PMID: 30647582 PMCID: PMC6299863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracts of Echinacea have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse types of infections and wounds. They have become very familiar immunostimulant herbal medicine. However, the specific immunomodulatory effect of Echinacea remains to be elucidated. AIM In our study, the effect of Echinacea purpurea extract on the generation of immature DCs from monocytes was described, as well as its effect on DC differentiation. In addition, an in vivo experiment was conducted to investigate whether treatment of mice with extracts derived from E. purpurea has immunomodulatory effect on murine splenic DCs. METHODS Immature DCs were generated by incubating peripheral blood monocytes with cytokine cocktail (GM-CSF + IL-4) and matured by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The cells were randomized to 5 groups to investigate E. purpurea effect in different stages. Phenotypic analysis of cell marker CD83-expressed on DCs was performed by flow cytometry. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups; control, E. purpurea treated and E. purpurea-TNF-α treated group. The murine splenic DCs were isolated and phenotyped for CD83 and CD11c by flow cytometry. RESULTS Treatment of monocytes with E. purpurea prior to addition of the maturation factor TNF-α resulted in a significant decrease in the yield of DC expressing CD83. On the other hand, immature DCs generated in the culture in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, when treated simultaneously with E. purpurea and TNF-α, exhibited an insignificant change in the yield of CD83-expressing DCs compared with untreated control. The in vivo experiments showed that splenic DCs obtained from mice treated with E. purpurea with or without TNF-α did not exhibit significant changes in CD83 or CD11c compared with those obtained from control mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory mechanisms of E. purpurea impact generation fate of DCs rather than differentiation stages. The results obtained in the in vivo study utilizing murine splenic DCs supported those observed in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N.E. El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - E.A. El-Zamarany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - M.L. Salem
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - H.A. El-Bahrawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - G.M. Al-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim S, Lee S, Kwon O, Park S, Seo J, Kim K. Qigong program on insomnia and stress in cancer patients: A case series report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2015; 3:2050313X14556408. [PMID: 27489671 PMCID: PMC4857300 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x14556408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, the interest in Qigong as an alternative therapy has grown following reports of its ability to regulate psychological factors in cancer patients. This is a case series to evaluate the outcome measures of Qigong when used as an adjunct to standard medical care to treat insomnia and stress in cancer patients. Patients and methods: The Qigong program was applied to four cancer patients with insomnia, stress, and anxiety. The program consisted of 30-min sessions involving exercise, patting of the 12 meridians, and spontaneous breathing exercises three times a week for a period of 4 weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was measured as the primary outcome, while the Stress Scale, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy–General determined the secondary outcomes. Insomnia, stress, and anxiety levels were examined weekly, while quality of life was examined on the first visit and the last visit. Results: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Stress Scale scores were reduced after conduct of the Qigong program. Conclusion: This study could provide a better understanding of Qigong’s influence on insomnia and stress in cancer patients. However, a larger controlled trial should be conducted to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungmo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sangnam Lee
- Department of Qigong, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Osung Kwon
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seonghoon Park
- Comprehensive and Integrative Medicine Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jungchul Seo
- Comprehensive and Integrative Medicine Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyungsoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mohapatra B, Shisler Marshall R, Laures-Gore J. Yogic Breathing and Ayurveda in Aphasia: A Case Study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2014; 21:272-9. [DOI: 10.1310/tsr2103-272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Moudgil KD, Berman BM. Traditional Chinese medicine: potential for clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:819-22. [PMID: 24820012 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.917963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease affecting people worldwide. Increasing numbers of RA patients in the west are resorting to various complementary and alternative medicine modalities for relief of symptoms and well-being. Herbal products and acupuncture representing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are two of the most commonly used forms of complementary and alternative medicine. Frequently, their efficacy against RA and safety have been inferred from anecdotal experience or pilot testing on a relatively small number of patients following inadequate study designs. Accordingly, significant efforts need to be invested in objectively testing TCM in clinical trials that are sufficiently powered, randomized, blinded, possess appropriate controls and follow standard criteria for assessment of the outcomes. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory and other antiarthritic activities of TCM modalities need to be better defined. These efforts would help validate the scientific rationale for the use of TCM for the management of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cooper EL, Hirabayashi K. Origin of innate immune responses: revelation of food and medicinal applications. J Tradit Complement Med 2013; 3:204-12. [PMID: 24716179 PMCID: PMC3924995 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.119708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Much is known about the strong ecological impact that earthworms ( Qiū Yǐn; Pheretima) have on soil in terms of fertility, nutrient production, and tilling. Even more interesting though is the impact they have had on our understanding of innate immunity, and from this discovery, there has been a simultaneous recognition of their potential through their historical use as food and their use in treatment of certain chronic health problems that often afflict humans. This bifurcating growing knowledge base has stemmed from centuries of honing and practicing traditional and complementary forms of medicine such as Ayurveda (India) Traditional Chinese Medicine (China), Kampo (Japan), and Traditional Korean Medicine (Korea). Earthworms (Dilong) have also been credited as a model for research concerning the nervous and endocrine systems. One of the reasons behind the earthworm's tremendous impact on research into these biomedical endeavors is partly due to its lack of ethical restrictions, like those imposed on vertebrate models. Using invertebrate models as opposed to mice or other mammalian models bypasses ethical concerns. Moreover, financial constraints consistently hover over biological research that requires living subjects, preferably mammals. Earthworms are a rich source of several vital biological macromolecules and other nutrients. They have long been used as food in several cultures such as the Ye'Kuana in Venezuela, the Maori in New Zealand, and the nomadic populations in Papua New Guinea. Earthworms and their nutritious products have been shown to exert significant effects in treating humans for disorders of inflammation and blood coagulation. One area that continues to be examined is the earthworm's ability to regenerate lost appendages, and these effects have been extended to mammals. Evidence reveals that earthworm extracts may actually promote the regeneration of damaged nerves. This presentation will explore how earthworms may reveal significant advances and conclusions that decipher innate immunity. This is intimately associated with them as sources of their various nutritional and medicinal benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin L. Cooper
- Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School Of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kyle Hirabayashi
- Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School Of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ho RTH, Wang CW, Ng SM, Ho AHY, Ziea ETC, Wong VT, Chan CLW. The effect of t'ai chi exercise on immunity and infections: a systematic review of controlled trials. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 19:389-96. [PMID: 23317394 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review is to summarize and assess critically clinical trial evidence of the effect of t'ai chi (TC) exercise on immunity and TC efficacy for treating infectious diseases. METHODS Fourteen databases were searched from their respective inceptions through January 2011. No language restrictions were imposed. Quality and validity of the included clinical trials were evaluated using standard scales. RESULTS Sixteen (16) studies, including 7 randomized controlled trials, 4 controlled clinical trials, and 5 retrospective case-control studies, met the inclusion criteria for this review. One (1) study examined clinical symptoms, 3 studies tested functional measures of immunity (antigen-induced immunity), and the other studies tested enumerative parameters of immunity. such as lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, complements, natural-killer cells, and myeloid dendritic cells. Overall, these studies suggested favorable effects of TC exercise. CONCLUSIONS TC exercise appears to improve both cell-mediated immunity and antibody response in immune system, but it remains debatable whether or not the changes in immune parameters are sufficient to provide protection from infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainbow T H Ho
- Center on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang CW, Ng SM, Ho RT, Ziea ET, Wong VC, Chan CL. The Effect of Qigong Exercise on Immunity and Infections: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:1143-56. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1250084x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review was to summarize and critically evaluate the clinical evidence of the effect of qigong exercise on immunity and its efficacy in the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases. Thirteen databases were searched from their respective inceptions through January 2011, and all controlled clinical trials of qigong exercise on immunity and infections were included. Quality and validity of the included studies were evaluated using standard scales. Seven studies including two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and three retrospective observational studies (ROSs) met the inclusion criteria. One study focused on functional measures of immunity (antigen-induced immunity) and six studies on enumerative parameters of immunity. No study on clinical symptoms relevant to infectious diseases could be identified. Overall, the included studies suggested favorable effects of qigong exercise on immunity, but the quality of research for most of the studies examined in this review was poor. Further rigorously designed studies are required, which should adhere to accepted standards of methodology for clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Wen Wang
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Siu-Man Ng
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Rainbow T.H. Ho
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Eric T.C. Ziea
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hospital Authority, HKSAR, China
| | - Vivian C.W. Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Cecilia L.W. Chan
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ngezahayo F, Wang X, Yu X, Jiang L, Chu Y, Shen B, Yan Z, Liu B. Habitat-induced reciprocal transformation in the root phenotype of Oriental ginseng is associated with alteration in DNA methylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Liang Y, Hao H, Xie L, Kang A, Xie T, Zheng X, Dai C, Hao K, Sheng L, Wang G. Development of a Systematic Approach to Identify Metabolites for Herbal Homologs Based on Liquid Chromatography Hybrid Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Gender-Related Difference in Metabolism of Schisandra Lignans in Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1747-59. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.033373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
25
|
Benson JM, Pokorny AJ, Rhule A, Wenner CA, Kandhi V, Cech NB, Shepherd DM. Echinacea purpurea extracts modulate murine dendritic cell fate and function. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1170-7. [PMID: 20149833 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Echinacea is a top-selling herbal remedy that purportedly acts as an immunostimulant. However, the specific immunomodulatory effects of Echinacea remain to be elucidated. We focused on defining the effects of Echinacea purpurea extracts in dendritic cells (DCs), which generate innate and adaptive immune responses. We hypothesized that E. purpurea extracts would enhance murine bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) activation leading to increased immune responses. The fate and function of DCs from C57Bl/6 mice was evaluated following 48h exposure to E. purpurea root and leaf extracts. Flow cytometry revealed that the polysaccharide-rich root extract increased the expression of MHC class II, CD86, and CD54 surface biomarkers whereas the alkylamide-rich leaf extract inhibited expression of these molecules. Production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha increased in a concentration-dependent manner with exposure to the root, but not leaf, extract. In contrast, the leaf but not root extract inhibited the enzymatic activity of cyclooxygenase-2. While both extracts decreased the uptake of ovalbumin by BMDCs, the leaf but not root extract inhibited the antigen-specific activation of naïve CD4(+) T cells from OT II/Thy1.1 mice. Collectively, these results suggest that E. purpurea can be immunostimulatory, immunosuppressive, and/or anti-inflammatory depending on the portion of the plant and extraction method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Benson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cooper EL. eCAM: Clinical Analyses and Increasing Visibility. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2009; 6:1-2. [PMID: 19223446 PMCID: PMC2644280 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
Cooper EL. eCAM: A Closer Look at Clinical Analyses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2009; 6:279-81. [PMID: 19656800 PMCID: PMC2722203 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin L. Cooper
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Adapala N, Chan MM. Long-term use of an antiinflammatory, curcumin, suppressed type 1 immunity and exacerbated visceral leishmaniasis in a chronic experimental model. J Transl Med 2008; 88:1329-39. [PMID: 18794851 PMCID: PMC3056242 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is considered the underlying cause of numerous disorders, and the practice of taking antiinflammatories as diet supplements has become increasingly prevalent. This study addresses the bioavailablity of a well-established dietary antiinflammatory, curcumin, and examines its effect on adaptive immunity. Visceral leishmaniasis is a major parasitic disease which protection relies on cell-mediated immunity and production of nitric oxide. We found that long-term, low-dose, oral consumption of curcumin activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, deactivates type 1 response, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interferes with adaptive immunity to exacerbate the pathogenesis of Leishmania donovani infection in vivo. These in vivo effects can be correlated to activities on infected residential macrophages in vitro. Therefore, when reactive radicals generated from inflammation play the dominant role in elimination of pathogens, excessive use of the antioxidative supplements may compromise microbial defense. Nonetheless, it should be noted with equal importance that our finding, conversely, also strengthens the prospect that curcumin may alleviate type 1 response disorders.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kiank C, Daeschlein G, Schuett C. Pneumonia as a long-term consequence of chronic psychological stress in BALB/c mice. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:1173-7. [PMID: 18571893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that female BALB/c mice are highly sensitive to chronic psychological stress. They develop systemic neuroendocrine disturbances, a hypermetabolic syndrome, behavioral alterations and severe immunosuppression with a reduced antibacterial response during experimental infection. Here, we show that chronically stressed mice spontaneously suffered from increased bacterial load in the liver and lung that sustained for up to 10 days after the termination of stress exposure. Immediately after the last chronic stress cycle, splenocytes had a reduced ability to produce IFNgamma after ex vivo stimulation with LPS while showing enhanced inducibility of IL-10. When healthy animals were treated with anti-IFNgamma antiserum the antibacterial response against the small numbers of endogenous bacteria that physiologically penetrate the intestinal barrier was reduced causing increased bacterial burden in the liver. Thus, a deficient antibacterial response to translocated commensals in chronically stressed animals can contribute to long-lasting pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Kiank
- Department of Immunology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cooper EL. The immune system and complementary and alternative medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2007; 4:5-8. [PMID: 18227923 PMCID: PMC2206233 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin L Cooper
- Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095-1763, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The use of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) has been well documented among children with cancer. This report summarizes the research evidence on the role of CAM therapies for prevention and treatment of the most commonly reported cancer-related symptoms and late effects among children with cancer. Small clinical trials document evidence of effectiveness for select therapies, such as acupuncture or ginger for nausea and vomiting, TRAUMEEL S for mucositis, and hypnosis and imagery for pain and anxiety. Several relatively small clinical trials of varying quality have been conducted on these CAM therapies in children with cancer. Some herbs have demonstrated efficacy in adults, but few studies of herbs have been conducted in children. Larger randomized clinical trials are warranted for each of these promising therapies. Until the evidence is more conclusive, the providers' role is to assess and document the child's use of CAM, critically evaluate the evidence or lack of evidence, balance the potential risks with possible benefits, and assist the family in their choices and decisions regarding use of CAM for their child with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena J Ladas
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Integrative Therapies Program for Children with Cancer, Columbia University, 161 Ft. Washington, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cooper EL. ECAM is waiting for eCAM. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2006; 2:427-8. [PMID: 16322798 PMCID: PMC1297508 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
33
|
Cooper EL. eCAM benefits from diversity that derives from CAM. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2005; 2:263-5. [PMID: 16136204 PMCID: PMC1193560 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
34
|
Ahmed S, Wang N, Hafeez BB, Cheruvu VK, Haqqi TM. Punica granatum L. extract inhibits IL-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases by inhibiting the activation of MAP kinases and NF-kappaB in human chondrocytes in vitro. J Nutr 2005; 135:2096-102. [PMID: 16140882 PMCID: PMC1315308 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.9.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1beta induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) implicated in cartilage resorption and joint degradation in osteoarthritis (OA). Pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) was recently shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in different disease models. However, no studies have been undertaken to investigate whether PFE constituents protect articular cartilage. In the present studies, OA chondrocytes or cartilage explants were pretreated with PFE and then stimulated with IL-1beta at different time points in vitro. The amounts of proteoglycan released were measured by a colorimetric assay. The expression of MMPs, phosphorylation of the inhibitor of kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was determined by Western immunoblotting. Expression of mRNA was quantified by real-time PCR. MAPK enzyme activity was assayed by in vitro kinase assay. Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. PFE inhibited the IL-1beta-induced proteoglycan breakdown in cartilage explants in vitro. At the cellular level, PFE (6.25-25 mg/L) inhibited the IL-1beta-induced expression of MMP-1, -3, and -13 protein in the medium (P < 0.05) and this was associated with the inhibition of mRNA expression. IL-1beta-induced phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, but not that of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase or extracellular regulated kinase, was most susceptible to inhibition by low doses of PFE, and the addition of PFE blocked the activity of p38-MAPK in a kinase activity assay. PFE also inhibited the IL-1beta-induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and the DNA binding activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in OA chondrocytes. Taken together, these novel results indicate that PFE or compounds derived from it may inhibit cartilage degradation in OA and may also be a useful nutritive supplement for maintaining joint integrity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naizhen Wang
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine and
| | | | - Vinay K. Cheruvu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Tariq M. Haqqi
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mullins RJ, Heddle RJ, Smith P. Non‐conventional approaches to allergy testing: reconciling patient autonomy with medical practitioners’ concerns. Med J Aust 2005; 183:173-4. [PMID: 16097911 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It may be difficult for patients to distinguish current concepts of immune function from other, non-conventional explanations of illness.
Collapse
|
36
|
Cooper EL. CAM, eCAM, Bioprospecting: The 21st Century Pyramid. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2005; 2:125-127. [PMID: 15937551 PMCID: PMC1142206 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|