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Fu Y, Ma G, Zhang Y, Wang W, Shi T, Zhu J, Zhang J, Huang Z, Chen J. HG-9-91-01 Attenuates Murine Experimental Colitis by Promoting Interleukin-10 Production in Colonic Macrophages Through the SIK/CRTC3 Pathway. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1821-1831. [PMID: 33988718 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis. As a novel synthetic inhibitor of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), HG-9-91-01 can effectively enhance IL-10 secretion at the cellular level, but its in vivo immunoregulatory effects remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of HG-9-91-01 in murine colitis models. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of HG-9-91-01 were evaluated on 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-, dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice, and IL-10 knockout chronic colitis mice. The in vivo effector cell of HG-9-91-01 was identified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The underlying mechanism of HG-9-91-01 was investigated via overexpressing SIKs in ANA-1 macrophages and TNBS colitis mice. RESULTS Treatment with HG-9-91-01 showed favorable anticolitis effects in both TNBS- and DSS-treated mice through significantly promoting IL-10 expression in colonic macrophages but failed to protect against IL-10 KO murine colitis. Further study indicated that HG-9-91-01 markedly enhanced the nuclear level of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3), whereas treatment with lentiviruses encoding SIK protein markedly decreased the nuclear CRTC3 level in HG-9-91-01-treated ANA-1 macrophages. In addition, intracolonic administration with lentiviruses encoding SIK protein significantly decreased the nuclear CRTC3 level in the lamina propria mononuclear cells and ended the anti-inflammatory activities of HG-9-91-01. CONCLUSIONS We found that HG-9-91-01 promoted the IL-10 expression of colonic macrophages and exhibited its anticolitis activity through the SIK/CRTC3 axis, and thus it may represent a promising strategy for inflammatory bowel disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gailing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Tuo L, Song H, Jiang D, Bai X, Song G. Mesenchymal stem cells transfected with anti-miRNA-204-3p inhibit acute rejection after heart transplantation by targeting C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in vitro. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:5077-5092. [PMID: 34527345 PMCID: PMC8411131 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising treatment for acute rejection (AR) after heart transplantation (HTx) owing to their immunomodulatory functions by promoting the transformation of macrophages from the M0 to M2 phenotype. However, it is undetermined whether surface expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) by MSCs influences macrophage polarization. In this study, we investigated the effects of MSCs on macrophages caused by CXCR4, and detected the underlying mechanism, which may contribute to improving HTx outcomes. Methods The MSCs were extracted from rat bone marrow and identified using flow cytometry. We subsequently observed the effects of CXCR4 and anti-miRNA-204-3p on cell proliferation and migration, and the effects on macrophage polarization. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to explore whether miRNA-204-3p was an upstream microRNA (miRNA) of CXCR4. A series of rescue experiments were performed to further confirm the inhibitory effect of miRNA-204-3p on CXCR4. Results The results showed that CXCR4 could promote the proliferation and migration of MSCs. Furthermore, it facilitated MSC-mediated macrophage transformation from the M0 to M2 phenotype. In addition, miRNA-204-3p inhibited the function of CXCR4 of MSCs. Conclusions Regulated by miRNA-204-3p, CXCR4 could inhibit the progression of AR after HTx. This study provides a new insight of the treatment of AR after HTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Qingzhou, China
| | - Hao Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Detian Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangmin Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Lajqi T, Pöschl J, Frommhold D, Hudalla H. The Role of Microbiota in Neutrophil Regulation and Adaptation in Newborns. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568685. [PMID: 33133082 PMCID: PMC7550463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborns are highly susceptible to infections and mainly rely on innate immune functions. Reduced reactivity, delayed activation and subsequent failure to resolve inflammation however makes the neonatal immune system a very volatile line of defense. Perinatal microbiota, nutrition and different extra-uterine factors are critical elements that define long-term outcomes and shape the immune system during the neonatal period. Neutrophils are first responders and represent a vital component of the immune system in newborns. They have long been regarded as merely executive immune cells, however this notion is beginning to shift. Neutrophils are shaped by their surrounding and adaptive elements have been described. The role of “innate immune memory” and the main triangle connection microbiome—neutrophil—adaptation will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Pöschl
- Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Frommhold
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Memmingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ji J, Merino S, Tomás JM, Roher N. Nanoliposomes encapsulating immunostimulants modulate the innate immune system and elicit protection in zebrafish larvae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:421-429. [PMID: 31195115 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we present immunostimulant-loaded nanoliposomes (NLc) as a strategy to protect zebrafish larvae against bacterial infection. The NLc encapsulate crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), a synthetic analogue of viral dsRNA. Fluorescently-labeled NLc were ingested by zebrafish larvae 4 days post fertilization, when administrated by bath immersion, and accumulated in the intestine. RT-qPCR analysis showed the expression of innate immune related genes (tnfα, il1β, nos2a, irf1a and ptgs2a) was significantly upregulated at 48 h post NLc treatment. A zebrafish larvae infection model for Aeromonas hydrophila was set up by bath immersion, achieving bacterial-dose-dependent significant differences in survival at day 5 post infection in both injured and non-injured larvae. Using this model, NLc protected non-injured zebrafish larvae against an A. hydrophila lethal infection. In contrast, neither the empty nanoliposomes nor the mixture of immunostimulants could protect larvae against lethal challenges. Our results demonstrate that nanoliposomes could be further developed as an efficient carrier, widening the scope for delivery of other immunostimulants in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ji
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Merino
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Tomás
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Roher
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Peng D, Luo X, Zhang N, Guo S, Zheng J, Chen L, Sun M. Small RNA-mediated Cry toxin silencing allows Bacillus thuringiensis to evade Caenorhabditis elegans avoidance behavioral defenses. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:159-173. [PMID: 29069426 PMCID: PMC5758910 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen avoidance behavior protects animal hosts against microbial pathogens. Pathogens have evolved specific strategies during coevolution in response to such host defenses. However, these strategies for combatting host avoidance behavioral defenses remain poorly understood. Here, we used Caenorhabditis elegans and its bacterial pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis as a model and determined that small RNA (sRNA)-mediated Cry toxin silencing allowed pathogens to evade host avoidance behavioral defenses. The B. thuringiensis strain YBT-1518, which encodes three nematicidal cry genes, is highly toxic to C. elegans. However, the expression of the most potent toxin, Cry5Ba, was silenced in this strain when YBT-1518 was outside the host. Cry5Ba silencing was due to the sRNA BtsR1, which bound to the RBS site of the cry5Ba transcript via direct base pairing and inhibited Cry5Ba expression. Upon ingestion by C. elegans, Cry5Ba was expressed in vivo by strain YBT-1518. Cry5Ba silencing may allow B. thuringiensis to avoid nematode behavioral defenses and then express toxins once ingested to kill the host and gain a survival advantage. Our work describes a novel model of sRNA-mediated regulation to aid pathogens in combating host avoidance behavioral defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Suxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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Chang YH, Kumar R, Ng TH, Wang HC. What vaccination studies tell us about immunological memory within the innate immune system of cultured shrimp and crayfish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:53-66. [PMID: 28279805 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of immunological memory in invertebrates is a topic that has recently attracted a lot of attention. Today, even vertebrates are known to exhibit innate immune responses that show memory-like properties, and since these responses are triggered by cells that are involved in the innate immune system, it seems that immune specificity and immune memory do not necessarily require the presence of B cells and T cells after all. This kind of immune response has been called "immune priming" or "trained immunity". In this report, we review recent observations and our current understanding of immunological memory within the innate immune system in cultured shrimp and crayfish after vaccination with live vaccine, killed vaccine and subunit vaccines. We also discuss the possible mechanisms involved in this immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tze Hann Ng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Liu Y, Kloc M, Li XC. Macrophages as Effectors of Acute and Chronic Allograft Injury. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2016; 3:303-312. [PMID: 28546901 PMCID: PMC5440082 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-016-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplants give a second chance of life to patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the immuno-logical barriers prove to be very challenging to overcome and graft rejection remains a major hurdle to long-term transplant survival. For decades, adaptive immunity has been the focus of studies, primarily based on the belief that T cells are necessary and sufficient for rejection. With better-developed immunosuppressive drugs and protocols that effectively control adaptive cells, innate immune cells have emerged as key effector cells in triggering graft injury and have therefore attracted much recent attention. In this review, we discuss current understanding of macrophages and their role in transplant rejection, their dynamics, distinct phenotypes, locations, and functions. We also discuss novel therapeutic approaches under development to target macrophages in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yianzhu Liu
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xian C. Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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