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Virk R, Cook K, Cavazos A, Wassall SR, Gowdy KM, Shaikh SR. How Membrane Phospholipids Containing Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Oxidation Products Orchestrate Lipid Raft Dynamics to Control Inflammation. J Nutr 2024; 154:2862-2870. [PMID: 39025329 PMCID: PMC11393169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) influence varying aspects of inflammation. One mechanism by which they regulate inflammation is by controlling the size and molecular composition of lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are sphingolipid/cholesterol-enriched plasma membrane microdomains that compartmentalize signaling proteins and thereby control downstream inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production. OBJECTIVES This review summarizes developments in our understanding of how LC-PUFA acyl chains of phospholipids, in addition to oxidized derivatives of LC-PUFAs such as oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-phosphatidylcholine (oxPAPC), manipulate formation of lipid rafts and thereby inflammation. METHODS We reviewed the literature, largely from the past 2 decades, on the impact of LC-PUFA acyl chains and oxidized products of LC-PUFAs on lipid raft biophysical organization of myeloid and lymphoid cells. The majority of the studies are based on rodent or cellular experiments with supporting mechanistic studies using biomimetic membranes and molecular dynamic simulations. These studies have focused largely on the LC-PUFA docosahexaenoic acid, with some studies addressing eicosapentaenoic acid. A few studies have investigated the role of oxidized phospholipids on rafts. RESULTS The biophysical literature suggests a model in which n-3 LC-PUFAs, in addition to oxPAPC, localize predominately to nonraft regions and impart a disordering effect in this environment. Rafts become larger because of the ensuing increase in the difference in order between raft and nonrafts. Biochemical studies suggest that some n-3 LC-PUFAs can be found within rafts. This deviation from homeostasis is a potential trigger for controlling aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. CONCLUSION Overall, select LC-PUFA acyl chains and oxidized acyl chains of phospholipids control lipid raft dynamics and downstream inflammation. Gaps in knowledge remain, particularly on underlying molecular mechanisms by which plasma membrane receptor organization is controlled in response to oxidized LC-PUFA acyl chains of membrane phospholipids. Validation in humans is also an area for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Virk
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Katie Cook
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Andres Cavazos
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Stephen R Wassall
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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2
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Lin Z, Hua G, Hu X. Lipid metabolism associated crosstalk: the bidirectional interaction between cancer cells and immune/stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment for prognostic insight. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:295. [PMID: 39174964 PMCID: PMC11342506 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is closely related to lipid metabolism, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) containing numerous lipid metabolic interactions. Cancer cells can bidirectionally interact with immune and stromal cells, the major components of the TME. This interaction is primarily mediated by fatty acids (FAs), cholesterol, and phospholipids. These interactions can lead to various physiological changes, including immune suppression, cancer cell proliferation, dissemination, and anti-apoptotic effects on cancer cells. The physiological modulation resulting from this lipid metabolism-associated crosstalk between cancer cells and immune/stromal cells provides valuable insights into cancer prognosis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine the function of the bidirectional lipid metabolism interactions between cancer cells and immune/stromal cells within the TME, particularly how these interactions influence cancer prognosis. A novel autophagy-extracellular vesicle (EV) pathway has been proposed as a mediator of lipid metabolism interactions between cancer cells and immune cells/stromal cells, impacting cancer prognosis. As a result, different forms of lipid metabolism interactions have been described as being linked to cancer prognosis, including those mediated by the autophagy-EV pathway. In conclusion, understanding the bidirectional lipid metabolism interactions between cancer cells and stromal/immune cells in the TME can help develop more advanced prognostic approaches for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshu Lin
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Biological and Behavioural Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Guanxiang Hua
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Biological and Behavioural Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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3
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Peeters R, Jellusova J. Lipid metabolism in B cell biology. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1795-1813. [PMID: 38013654 PMCID: PMC11223608 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of immunometabolism has solidified its position as a prominent area of investigation within the realm of immunological research. An expanding body of scientific literature has unveiled the intricate interplay between energy homeostasis, signalling molecules, and metabolites in relation to fundamental aspects of our immune cells. It is now widely accepted that disruptions in metabolic equilibrium can give rise to a myriad of pathological conditions, ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer. Emerging evidence, although sometimes fragmented and anecdotal, has highlighted the indispensable role of lipids in modulating the behaviour of immune cells, including B cells. In light of these findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding lipid metabolism in the context of B cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens Peeters
- School of Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and PathobiochemistryTechnical University of MunichGermany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichGermany
| | - Julia Jellusova
- School of Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and PathobiochemistryTechnical University of MunichGermany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichGermany
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4
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Lee J, Mani A, Shin MJ, Krauss RM. Leveraging altered lipid metabolism in treating B cell malignancies. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 95:101288. [PMID: 38964473 PMCID: PMC11347096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
B cell malignancies, comprising over 80 heterogeneous blood cancers, pose significant prognostic challenges due to intricate oncogenic signaling. Emerging evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of disrupted lipid metabolism in the development of these malignancies. Variations in lipid species, such as phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids, and fatty acids, are widespread across B cell malignancies, contributing to uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival. Phospholipids play a crucial role in initial signaling cascades leading to B cell activation and malignant transformation through constitutive B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Dysregulated cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis support lipid raft integrity, crucial for propagating oncogenic signals. Sphingolipids impact malignant B cell stemness, proliferation, and survival, while glycosphingolipids in lipid rafts modulate BCR activation. Additionally, cancer cells enhance fatty acid-related processes to meet heightened metabolic demands. In obese individuals, the obesity-derived lipids and adipokines surrounding adipocytes rewire lipid metabolism in malignant B cells, evading cytotoxic therapies. Genetic drivers such as MYC translocations also intrinsically alter lipid metabolism in malignant B cells. In summary, intrinsic and extrinsic factors converge to reprogram lipid metabolism, fostering aggressive phenotypes in B cell malignancies. Therefore, targeting altered lipid metabolism has translational potential for improving risk stratification and clinical management of diverse B cell malignancy subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Lee
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Arya Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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5
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Yurdakul OV, Kara M, Ince B, Yildiz C, Yildiz T, Kilicoglu MS, Aydin T, Ozer OF. Raftlin - a potential biomarker for axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38770. [PMID: 38941376 PMCID: PMC11466145 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Our aim is to evaluate serum Raftlin levels as a biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and Psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This trial included 40 axSpA patients, 40 PsA patients, and 40 healthy participants as the control group. Disease activity was assessed with Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score for axSpA patients and The Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis for PsA patients. The Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada index, health assessment questionnaire-disability index, and numeric rating scale were used to evaluate the enthesitis severity, disability, and pain status of all patients. Serum Raftlin levels were determined using the ELISA method. The 3 groups had no statistical differences regarding gender, age, weight, height, BMI, educational status, and exercise habits. The axSpA group had higher Raftlin levels than the PsA and control groups, and Raftlin levels were statistically significant in predicting the likelihood of axSpA. We found no statistically significant differences between the PsA and control groups. We found no statistically significant difference in Raftlin levels in HLA-B27 positive versus HLA-B27 negative patients in both axSpA and PsA groups. Our results also did not detect any correlation of Raftlin levels with Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, health assessment questionnaire-disability index, numeric rating scale, and Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada index in axSpA patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined that Raftlin level ≥ 6.31 ng/mL discriminates axSpA from normal individuals with 92.5% sensitivity, 59% specificity, and an area under the curve of 0.738. Our results demonstrate that although serum Raftlin levels are elevated in axSpA patients, Raftlin cannot be used as an alone diagnostic marker for axSpA. Furthermore, it was not found to be related to the monitoring of disease activity, the level of pain, disability, or severity of enthesitis. This study is prospectively registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT05771389).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Volkan Yurdakul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Kara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bugra Ince
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Izmir City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Yildiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Yildiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serkan Kilicoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Teoman Aydin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Ozer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muñoz-Vega M, Salinas ML, Wang X, Chapkin RS. Dysregulation of cellular membrane homeostasis as a crucial modulator of cancer risk. FEBS J 2024; 291:1299-1352. [PMID: 36282100 PMCID: PMC10126207 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes serve as an epicentre combining extracellular and cytosolic components with membranous effectors, which together support numerous fundamental cellular signalling pathways that mediate biological responses. To execute their functions, membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates arrange, in a highly coordinated manner, into well-defined assemblies displaying diverse biological and biophysical characteristics that modulate several signalling events. The loss of membrane homeostasis can trigger oncogenic signalling. More recently, it has been documented that select membrane active dietaries (MADs) can reshape biological membranes and subsequently decrease cancer risk. In this review, we emphasize the significance of membrane domain structure, organization and their signalling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can steer aberrant signalling. Moreover, we describe in detail the complexities associated with the examination of these membrane domains and their association with cancer. Finally, we summarize the current literature on MADs and their effects on cellular membranes, including various mechanisms of dietary chemoprevention/interception and the functional links between nutritional bioactives, membrane homeostasis and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Michael L. Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Center for Environmental Health Research; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
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7
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Bhanja A, Seeley-Fallen MK, Lazzaro M, Upadhyaya A, Song W. N-WASP-dependent branched actin polymerization attenuates B-cell receptor signaling by increasing the molecular density of receptor clusters. eLife 2023; 12:RP87833. [PMID: 38085658 PMCID: PMC10715734 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-induced B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is critical for initiating and regulating B-cell activation. The actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in BCR signaling. Upon encountering cell-surface antigens, actin-driven B-cell spreading amplifies signaling, while B-cell contraction following spreading leads to signal attenuation. However, the mechanism by which actin dynamics switch BCR signaling from amplification to attenuation is unknown. Here, we show that Arp2/3-mediated branched actin polymerization is required for mouse splenic B-cell contraction. Contracting B-cells generate centripetally moving actin foci from lamellipodial F-actin networks in the plasma membrane region contacting antigen-presenting surfaces. Actin polymerization driven by N-WASP, but not WASP, initiates these actin foci and facilitates non-muscle myosin II recruitment to the contact zone, creating actomyosin ring-like structures. B-cell contraction increases BCR molecular density in individual clusters, leading to decreased BCR phosphorylation. Increased BCR molecular density reduced levels of the stimulatory kinase Syk, the inhibitory phosphatase SHIP-1, and their phosphorylated forms in individual BCR clusters. These results suggest that N-WASP-activated Arp2/3, coordinating with myosin, generates centripetally moving foci and contractile actomyosin ring-like structures from lamellipodial networks, enabling contraction. B-cell contraction attenuates BCR signaling by pushing out both stimulatory kinases and inhibitory phosphatases from BCR clusters, providing novel insights into actin-facilitated signal attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Bhanja
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Margaret K Seeley-Fallen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Michelle Lazzaro
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Biophysics Program, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Physics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
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8
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Ji X, Wu L, Marion T, Luo Y. Lipid metabolism in regulation of B cell development and autoimmunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:40-51. [PMID: 37419766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
B cells play an important role in adaptive immunity and participate in the process of humoral immunity mainly by secreting antibodies. The entire development and differentiation process of B cells occurs in multiple microenvironments and is regulated by a variety of environmental factors and immune signals. Differentiation biases or disfunction of B cells participate in the process of many autoimmune diseases. Emerging studies report the impact of altered metabolism in B cell biology, including lipid metabolism. Here, we discuss how extracellular lipid environment and metabolites, membrane lipid-related components, and lipid synthesis and catabolism programs coordinate B cell biology and describe the crosstalk of lipid metabolic programs with signal transduction pathways and transcription factors. We conclude with a summary of therapeutic targets for B cell lipid metabolism and signaling in autoimmune diseases and discuss important future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ji
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tony Marion
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yubin Luo
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Graham A. Modulation of the Cellular microRNA Landscape: Contribution to the Protective Effects of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1232. [PMID: 37759631 PMCID: PMC10526091 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) play an established role in protecting against cellular dysfunction in a variety of different disease contexts; however, harnessing this therapeutic potential has proved challenging due to the heterogeneous and relative instability of this lipoprotein and its variable cargo molecules. The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of microRNA (miRNA; miR) sequences, either delivered directly or modulated endogenously, to these protective functions. This narrative review introduces the complex cargo carried by HDL, the protective functions associated with this lipoprotein, and the factors governing biogenesis, export and the uptake of microRNA. The possible mechanisms by which HDL can modulate the cellular miRNA landscape are considered, and the impact of key sequences modified by HDL is explored in diseases such as inflammation and immunity, wound healing, angiogenesis, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, potentially offering new routes for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Graham
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
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10
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Bhanja A, Seeley-Fallen MK, Lazzaro M, Upadhyaya A, Song W. N-WASP-dependent branched actin polymerization attenuates B-cell receptor signaling by increasing the molecular density of receptor clusters. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532631. [PMID: 36993351 PMCID: PMC10055065 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-induced B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is critical for initiating and regulating B-cell activation. The actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in BCR signaling. Upon encountering cell-surface antigens, actin-driven B-cell spreading amplifies signaling, while B-cell contraction following spreading leads to signal attenuation. However, the mechanism by which actin dynamics switch BCR signaling from amplification to attenuation is unknown. Here, we show that Arp2/3-mediated branched actin polymerization is required for B-cell contraction. Contracting B-cells generate centripetally moving actin foci from lamellipodial F-actin networks in the B-cell plasma membrane region contacting antigen-presenting surfaces. Actin polymerization driven by N-WASP, but not WASP, initiates these actin foci and facilitates non-muscle myosin II recruitment to the contact zone, creating actomyosin ring-like structures. Furthermore, B-cell contraction increases BCR molecular density in individual clusters, leading to decreased BCR phosphorylation. Increased BCR molecular density reduced levels of the stimulatory kinase Syk, the inhibitory phosphatase SHIP-1, and their phosphorylated forms in individual BCR clusters. These results suggest that N-WASP-activated Arp2/3, coordinating with myosin, generates centripetally moving foci and contractile actomyosin ring-like structures from lamellipodial networks, enabling contraction. B-cell contraction attenuates BCR signaling by pushing out both stimulatory kinases and inhibitory phosphatases from BCR clusters, providing novel insights into actin-facilitated signal attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Bhanja
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Margaret K. Seeley-Fallen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Michelle Lazzaro
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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11
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Shetty SV, Mazzucco MR, Winokur P, Haigh SV, Rumah KR, Fischetti VA, Vartanian T, Linden JR. Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Binds to and Kills Primary Human Lymphocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:423. [PMID: 37505692 PMCID: PMC10467094 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) is the third most lethal bacterial toxin and has been suggested to be an environmental trigger of multiple sclerosis, an immune-mediated disease of the human central nervous system. However, ETX cytotoxicity on primary human cells has not been investigated. In this article, we demonstrate that ETX preferentially binds to and kills human lymphocytes expressing increased levels of the myelin and lymphocyte protein MAL. Using flow cytometry, ETX binding was determined to be time and dose dependent and was highest for CD4+ cells, followed by CD8+ and then CD19+ cells. Similar results were seen with ETX-induced cytotoxicity. To determine if ETX preference for CD4+ cells was related to MAL expression, MAL gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR. CD4+ cells had the highest amount of Mal gene expression followed by CD8+ and CD19+ cells. These data indicate that primary human cells are susceptible to ETX and support the hypothesis that MAL is a main receptor for ETX. Interestingly, ETX bindings to human lymphocytes suggest that ETX may influence immune response in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V. Shetty
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA (T.V.)
| | - Michael R. Mazzucco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA (T.V.)
| | - Paige Winokur
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuro-Endocrinology Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sylvia V. Haigh
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA (T.V.)
| | - Kareem Rashid Rumah
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy Vartanian
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA (T.V.)
| | - Jennifer R. Linden
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA (T.V.)
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12
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Small GW, Akhtari FS, Green AJ, Havener TM, Sikes M, Quintanhila J, Gonzalez RD, Reif DM, Motsinger-Reif AA, McLeod HL, Wiltshire T. Pharmacogenomic Analyses Implicate B Cell Developmental Status and MKL1 as Determinants of Sensitivity toward Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1574. [PMID: 37371044 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy directed against CD20 is an important tool in the treatment of B cell disorders. However, variable patient response and acquired resistance remain important clinical challenges. To identify genetic factors that may influence sensitivity to treatment, the cytotoxic activity of three CD20 mAbs: rituximab; ofatumumab; and obinutuzumab, were screened in high-throughput assays using 680 ethnically diverse lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) followed by a pharmacogenomic assessment. GWAS analysis identified several novel gene candidates. The most significant SNP, rs58600101, in the gene MKL1 displayed ethnic stratification, with the variant being significantly more prevalent in the African cohort and resulting in reduced transcript levels as measured by qPCR. Functional validation of MKL1 by shRNA-mediated knockdown of MKL1 resulted in a more resistant phenotype. Gene expression analysis identified the developmentally associated TGFB1I1 as the most significant gene associated with sensitivity. qPCR among a panel of sensitive and resistant LCLs revealed immunoglobulin class-switching as well as differences in the expression of B cell activation markers. Flow cytometry showed heterogeneity within some cell lines relative to surface Ig isotype with a shift to more IgG+ cells among the resistant lines. Pretreatment with prednisolone could partly reverse the resistant phenotype. Results suggest that the efficacy of anti-CD20 mAb therapy may be influenced by B cell developmental status as well as polymorphism in the MKL1 gene. A clinical benefit may be achieved by pretreatment with corticosteroids such as prednisolone followed by mAb therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Small
- Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Farida S Akhtari
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Adrian J Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Tammy M Havener
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Sikes
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Ricardo D Gonzalez
- Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Predictive Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Howard L McLeod
- Center for Precision Medicine and Functional Genomics, Utah Tech University, 225 South University Ave, St. George, UT 84770, USA
| | - Tim Wiltshire
- Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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13
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Li L, Ji J, Song F, Hu J. Intercellular Receptor-ligand Binding: Effect of Protein-membrane Interaction. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167787. [PMID: 35952805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gaining insights into the intercellular receptor-ligand binding is of great importance for understanding numerous physiological and pathological processes, and stimulating new strategies in drug design and discovery. In contrast to the in vitro protein interaction in solution, the anchored receptor and ligand molecules interact with membrane in situ, which affects the intercellular receptor-ligand binding. Here, we review theoretical, simulation and experimental works regarding the regulatory effects of protein-membrane interactions on intercellular receptor-ligand binding mainly from the following aspects: membrane fluctuations, membrane curvature, glycocalyx, and lipid raft. In addition, we discuss biomedical significances and possible research directions to advance the field and highlight the importance of understanding of coupling effects of these factors in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Jinglei Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China.
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14
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Roberts AD, Taraska JW. B cell receptor (BCR) endocytosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:159-177. [PMID: 36631191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The B cell receptor (BCR) interacts with foreign antigens to mediate B cell activation and secretion of antibodies. B cell activation begins with initiation of signaling pathways, such as NFAT, NF-κB, and MAPK, and endocytosis of the BCR-antigen complex. Many studies have investigated the signaling pathways associated with BCR activation, and this work has led to significant advances in drug therapies to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases that are linked to aberrant BCR signaling. Less is known, however, about the mechanisms of BCR endocytosis and the role endocytosis plays in B cell pathogenesis. This chapter will review key characteristics of the BCR, including a review of signaling pathways, and endocytic mechanisms associated with the activated BCR. We will also review recent studies investigating the role of BCR endocytosis disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleah D Roberts
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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15
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Avraham R, Melamed S, Achdout H, Erez N, Israeli O, Barlev-Gross M, Pasmanik-Chor M, Paran N, Israely T, Vitner EB. Antiviral activity of glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors in alphavirus infection of the central nervous system. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad086. [PMID: 37168733 PMCID: PMC10165247 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced CNS diseases impose a considerable human health burden worldwide. For many viral CNS infections, neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available. In this study, we examined whether the synthesis of glycosphingolipids, major membrane lipid constituents, could be used to establish an antiviral therapeutic target. We found that neuroinvasive Sindbis virus altered the sphingolipid levels early after infection in vitro and increased the levels of gangliosides GA1 and GM1 in the sera of infected mice. The alteration in the sphingolipid levels appears to play a role in neuroinvasive Sindbis virus replication, as treating infected cells with UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) inhibitors reduced the replication rate. Moreover, the UGCG inhibitor GZ-161 increased the survival rates of Sindbis-infected mice, most likely by reducing the detrimental immune response activated by sphingolipids in the brains of Sindbis virus-infected mice. These findings suggest a role for glycosphingolipids in the host immune response against neuroinvasive Sindbis virus and suggest that UGCG inhibitors should be further examined as antiviral therapeutics for viral infections of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Avraham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofir Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Moria Barlev-Gross
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Einat B Vitner
- Correspondence to: Einat B. Vitner Department of Infectious Diseases Israel Institute for Biological Research P.O.B 19, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel E-mail:
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16
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Heberle FA, Welsch D, Scott HL, Waxham MN. Optimization of cryo-electron microscopy for quantitative analysis of lipid bilayers. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 3:100090. [PMID: 36593976 PMCID: PMC9804012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2022.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is among the most powerful tools available for interrogating nanoscale structure of biological materials. We recently showed that cryo-EM can be used to measure the bilayer thickness of lipid vesicles and biological membranes with subangstrom precision, resulting in the direct visualization of nanoscopic domains of different thickness in multicomponent lipid mixtures and giant plasma membrane vesicles. Despite the great potential of cryo-EM for revealing the lateral organization of biomembranes, a large parameter space of experimental conditions remains to be optimized. Here, we systematically investigate the influence of instrument parameters and image postprocessing steps on the ability to accurately measure bilayer thickness and discriminate regions of different thickness within unilamellar liposomes. This unique application of cryo-EM places particular demands on image acquisition optimization and analysis due to the facts that 1) each vesicle is a different size with different curvature, 2) the domains in each vesicle can be heterogenous in size, and 3) the random orientation of vesicles amplifies the variability of domain size in projected images. We also demonstrate a spatial autocorrelation analysis to extract additional information about lateral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A. Heberle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee,Corresponding author
| | - Doug Welsch
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haden L. Scott
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - M. Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas,Corresponding author
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17
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Lee J. Does IFITM3 link inflammation to tumorigenesis? BMB Rep 2022; 55:602-608. [PMID: 36404597 PMCID: PMC9813432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled chronic inflammation, in most cases due to excessive cytokine signaling through their receptors, is known to contribute to the development of tumorigenesis. Recently, it has been reported that the antiviral membrane protein interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), induced by interferon signaling as part of the inflammatory response after viral infection, contributes to the development of B-cell malignancy. The unexpected oncogenic signaling of IFITM3 upon malignant B cell activation elucidated the mechanism by which the uncontrolled expression of inflammatory proteins contributes to leukemogenesis. In this review, the potential effects of inflammatory cytokines on upregulation of IFITM3 and its contribution to tumorigenesis are discussed. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 602-608].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Lee
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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18
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Lee J. Does IFITM3 link inflammation to tumorigenesis? BMB Rep 2022; 55:602-608. [PMID: 36404597 PMCID: PMC9813432 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.12.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled chronic inflammation, in most cases due to excessive cytokine signaling through their receptors, is known to contribute to the development of tumorigenesis. Recently, it has been reported that the antiviral membrane protein interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), induced by interferon signaling as part of the inflammatory response after viral infection, contributes to the development of B-cell malignancy. The unexpected oncogenic signaling of IFITM3 upon malignant B cell activation elucidated the mechanism by which the uncontrolled expression of inflammatory proteins contributes to leukemogenesis. In this review, the potential effects of inflammatory cytokines on upregulation of IFITM3 and its contribution to tumorigenesis are discussed. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 602-608].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Lee
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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19
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Clinical Significance of Lipid Transport Function of ABC Transporters in the Innate Immune System. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1083. [PMID: 36363640 PMCID: PMC9698216 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ABC transporters are a large family of proteins that transport a variety of substrates across cell plasma membranes. Because of this, they are involved in many physiological processes. It is of interest to note that many ABC transporters are involved in the transport of various lipids. In addition, this function may be related to the innate immune system. The evidence that ABC transporters are involved in the regulation of the innate immune system through the transport of various substances greatly enhances the understanding of their clinical significance. ABC transporters are involved in the cellular homeostasis of cholesterol as well as in the regulation of its content in lipid rafts. Through these mechanisms, they can regulate the function of membrane proteins, including receptors of the innate immune system. By regulating lipid transport, some members of ABC transporters are involved in phagocytosis. In addition, ABC transporters are involved in the transport of lipopolysaccharide, lipid mediators of inflammation, and perform other functions in the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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20
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Li L, Hu J, Różycki B, Ji J, Song F. Interplay of receptor-ligand binding and lipid domain formation during cell adhesion. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1019477. [PMID: 36203878 PMCID: PMC9531914 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1019477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion involved in biological processes such as cell migration, immune responses, and cancer metastasis, is mediated by the specific binding of receptor and ligand proteins. Some of these proteins exhibit affinity for nanoscale lipid clusters in cell membranes. A key question is how these nanoscale lipid clusters influence and react to the receptor-ligand binding during cell adhesion. In this article, we review recent computational studies that shed new light on the interplay of the receptor-ligand binding and the formation of lipid domains in adhering membranes. These studies indicate that the receptor-ligand binding promotes coalescence of lipid clusters into mesoscale domains, which, in turn, enhances both the affinity and cooperativity of the receptor-ligand binding in cell-cell adhesion with mobile ligands. In contrast, in the case of cell-extracellular matrix adhesion with immobile ligands, the receptor-ligand binding and the lipid cluster coalescence can be correlated or anti-correlated, depending strongly on the ligand distribution. These findings deepen our understanding of correlations between cell adhesion and membrane heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglei Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinglei Hu, ; Bartosz Różycki, ; Jing Ji,
| | - Bartosz Różycki
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Jinglei Hu, ; Bartosz Różycki, ; Jing Ji,
| | - Jing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinglei Hu, ; Bartosz Różycki, ; Jing Ji,
| | - Fan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Fosdick MG, Loftus S, Phillips I, Zacharias ZR, Houtman JCD. Glycerol monolaurate inhibition of human B cell activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13506. [PMID: 35931746 PMCID: PMC9355977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent used commercially in numerous products and food items. GML is also used as a homeopathic agent and is being clinically tested to treat several human diseases. In addition to its anti-microbial function, GML suppresses immune cell proliferation and inhibits primary human T cell activation. GML suppresses T cell activation by altering membrane dynamics and disrupting the formation of protein clusters necessary for intracellular signaling. The ability of GML to disrupt cellular membranes suggests it may alter other cell types. To explore this possibility, we tested how GML affects human B cells. We found that GML inhibits BCR-induced cytokine production, phosphorylation of signaling proteins, and protein clustering, while also changing cellular membrane dynamics and dysregulating cytoskeleton rearrangement. Although similar, there are also differences between how B cells and T cells respond to GML. These differences suggest that unique intrinsic features of a cell may result in differential responses to GML treatment. Overall, this study expands our understanding of how GML impacts the adaptive immune response and contributes to a broader knowledge of immune modulating monoglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela G Fosdick
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Subprogram in Molecular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 2110 MERF, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Shannon Loftus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Isabella Phillips
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Zeb R Zacharias
- Human Immunology Core, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Jon C D Houtman
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Subprogram in Molecular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 2110 MERF, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
- Human Immunology Core, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
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22
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Hasan-Abad AM, Mohammadi M, Mirzaei H, Mehrabi M, Motedayyen H, Arefnezhad R. Impact of oligomerization on the allergenicity of allergens. Clin Mol Allergy 2022; 20:5. [PMID: 35488339 PMCID: PMC9052586 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-022-00172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I hypersensitivity (allergic reaction) is an unsuitable or overreactive immune response to an allergen due to cross-link immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies bound to its high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRIs) on effector cells. It is needless to say that at least two epitopes on allergens are required to the successful and effective cross-linking. There are some reports pointing to small proteins with only one IgE epitope could cross-link FcεRI-bound IgE through homo-oligomerization which provides two same IgE epitopes. Therefore, oligomerization of allergens plays an indisputable role in the allergenic feature and stability of allergens. In this regard, we review the signaling capacity of the B cell receptor (BCR) complex and cross-linking of FcεRI which results in the synthesis of allergen-specific IgE. This review also discusses the protein-protein interactions involved in the oligomerization of allergens and provide some explanations about the oligomerization of some well-known allergens, such as calcium-binding allergens, Alt a 1, Bet v 1, Der p 1, Per a3, and Fel d 1, along with the effects of their concentrations on dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Moradi Hasan-Abad
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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23
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Seeley-Fallen MK, Lazzaro M, Liu C, Li QZ, Upadhyaya A, Song W. Non-Muscle Myosin II Is Essential for the Negative Regulation of B-Cell Receptor Signaling and B-Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842605. [PMID: 35493485 PMCID: PMC9047714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen (Ag)-triggered B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling initiates antibody responses. However, prolonged or uncontrolled BCR signaling is associated with the development of self-reactive B-cells and autoimmune diseases. We previously showed that actin-mediated B-cell contraction on Ag-presenting surfaces negatively regulates BCR signaling. Non-muscle myosin II (NMII), an actin motor, is involved in B-cell development and antibody responses by mediating B-cell migration, cytokinesis, and Ag extraction from Ag-presenting cells. However, whether and how NMII regulates humoral responses through BCR signaling remains elusive. Utilizing a B-cell-specific, partial NMIIA knockout (cIIAKO) mouse model and NMII inhibitors, this study examined the role of NMII in BCR signaling. Upon BCR binding to antibody-coated planar lipid bilayers (PLB), NMIIA was recruited to the B-cell contact membrane and formed a ring-like structure during B-cell contraction. NMII recruitment depended on phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP1), an inhibitory signaling molecule. NMII inhibition by cIIAKO did not affect B-cell spreading on PLB but delayed B-cell contraction and altered BCR clustering. Surface BCR “cap” formation induced by soluble stimulation was enhanced in cIIAKO B-cells. Notably, NMII inhibition by cIIAKO and inhibitors up-regulated BCR signaling in response to both surface-associated and soluble stimulation, increasing phosphorylated tyrosine, CD79a, BLNK, and Erk and decreasing phosphorylated SHIP1. While cIIAKO did not affect B-cell development, the number of germinal center B-cells was significantly increased in unimmunized cIIAKO mice, compared to control mice. While cIIAKO mice mounted similar antibody responses when compared to control mice upon immunization, the percentages of high-affinity antibodies, Ag-specific germinal center B-cells and isotype switched B-cells were significantly lower in cIIAKO mice than in control mice. Furthermore, autoantibody levels were elevated in cIIAKO mice, compared to control mice. Collectively, our results reveal that NMII exerts a B-cell-intrinsic inhibition on BCR signaling by regulating B-cell membrane contraction and surface BCR clustering, which curtails the activation of non-specific and self-reactive B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K. Seeley-Fallen
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Lazzaro
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Wenxia Song,
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24
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Sun Y, Li X, Wang T, Li W. Core Fucosylation Regulates the Function of Pre-BCR, BCR and IgG in Humoral Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844427. [PMID: 35401499 PMCID: PMC8990897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the membrane molecules involved in immune response are glycosylated. N-glycans linked to asparagine (Asn) of immune molecules contribute to the protein conformation, surface expression, stability, and antigenicity. Core fucosylation catalyzed by core fucosyltransferase (FUT8) is the most common post-translational modification. Core fucosylation is essential for evoking a proper immune response, which this review aims to communicate. First, FUT8 deficiency suppressed the interaction between μHC and λ5 during pre-BCR assembly is given. Second, we described the effects of core fucosylation in B cell signal transduction via BCR. Third, we investigated the role of core fucosylation in the interaction between helper T (TH) cells and B cells. Finally, we showed the role of FUT8 on the biological function of IgG. In this review, we discussed recent insights into the sites where core fucosylation is critical for humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Sun
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xueying Li
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tiantong Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhe Li,
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25
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Morzy D, Bastings M. Significance of Receptor Mobility in Multivalent Binding on Lipid Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114167. [PMID: 34982497 PMCID: PMC9303963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous key biological processes rely on the concept of multivalency, where ligands achieve stable binding only upon engaging multiple receptors. These processes, like viral entry or immune synapse formation, occur on the diffusive cellular membrane. One crucial, yet underexplored aspect of multivalent binding is the mobility of coupled receptors. Here, we discuss the consequences of mobility in multivalent processes from four perspectives: (I) The facilitation of receptor recruitment by the multivalent ligand due to their diffusivity prior to binding. (II) The effects of receptor preassembly, which allows their local accumulation. (III) The consequences of changes in mobility upon the formation of receptor/ligand complex. (IV) The changes in the diffusivity of lipid environment surrounding engaged receptors. We demonstrate how understanding mobility is essential for fully unravelling the principles of multivalent membrane processes, leading to further development in studies on receptor interactions, and guide the design of new generations of multivalent ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Morzy
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maartje Bastings
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Morzy D, Bastings M. Significance of Receptor Mobility in Multivalent Binding on Lipid Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Morzy
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory Institute of Materials School of Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Route Cantonale 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Maartje Bastings
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory Institute of Materials School of Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Route Cantonale 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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27
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Robinson G, Pineda-Torra I, Ciurtin C, Jury EC. Lipid metabolism in autoimmune rheumatic disease: implications for modern and conventional therapies. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e148552. [PMID: 35040437 PMCID: PMC8759788 DOI: 10.1172/jci148552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressing inflammation has been the primary focus of therapies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs), including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, conventional therapies with low target specificity can have effects on cell metabolism that are less predictable. A key example is lipid metabolism; current therapies can improve or exacerbate dyslipidemia. Many conventional drugs also require in vivo metabolism for their conversion into therapeutically beneficial products; however, drug metabolism often involves the additional formation of toxic by-products, and rates of drug metabolism can be heterogeneous between patients. New therapeutic technologies and research have highlighted alternative metabolic pathways that can be more specifically targeted to reduce inflammation but also to prevent undesirable off-target metabolic consequences of conventional antiinflammatory therapies. This Review highlights the role of lipid metabolism in inflammation and in the mechanisms of action of AIRD therapeutics. Opportunities for cotherapies targeting lipid metabolism that could reduce immunometabolic complications and potential increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with AIRDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Robinson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, and
| | - Ines Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Rheumatology Research
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, and
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28
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Fernandes das Neves M, Batuca JR, Delgado Alves J. The role of high-density lipoprotein in the regulation of the immune response: implications for atherosclerosis and autoimmunity. Immunology 2021; 164:231-241. [PMID: 33934336 PMCID: PMC8442240 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune dysfunction have been increasingly recognized as crucial mechanisms in atherogenesis. Modifications in cell lipid metabolism, plasma dyslipidaemia and particularly low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels occur both in atherosclerosis and in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (which are strongly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis), suggesting the presence of a crucial link. HDL, the plasma lipoprotein responsible for reverse cholesterol transport, is known for its several protective effects in the context of atherosclerosis. Among these, HDL immunomodulatory effects are possibly the less understood. Through the efflux of cholesterol from plasma cell membranes with the consequent disruption of lipid rafts and the interaction with the cholesterol transporters present in the plasma membrane, HDL affects both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Animal and human studies have demonstrated a predominance of HDL anti-inflammatory effects, despite some pro-inflammatory actions having also been reported. The HDL role on the modulation of the immune response is further suggested by the detection of low levels together with a dysfunctional HDL in patients with autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of the immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis and the modulatory effects HDL may have on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Fernandes das Neves
- Center of the Study of Chronic DiseasesNew University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Medicine 4 DepartmentFernando Fonseca HospitalAmadoraPortugal
| | - Joana R. Batuca
- Center of the Study of Chronic DiseasesNew University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - José Delgado Alves
- Center of the Study of Chronic DiseasesNew University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Medicine 4 DepartmentFernando Fonseca HospitalAmadoraPortugal
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29
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Lipid-based and protein-based interactions synergize transmembrane signaling stimulated by antigen clustering of IgE receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026583118. [PMID: 34433665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026583118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen (Ag) crosslinking of immunoglobulin E-receptor (IgE-FcεRI) complexes in mast cells stimulates transmembrane (TM) signaling, requiring phosphorylation of the clustered FcεRI by lipid-anchored Lyn tyrosine kinase. Previous studies showed that this stimulated coupling between Lyn and FcεRI occurs in liquid ordered (Lo)-like nanodomains of the plasma membrane and that Lyn binds directly to cytosolic segments of FcεRI that it initially phosphorylates for amplified activity. Net phosphorylation above a nonfunctional threshold is achieved in the stimulated state but not in the resting state, and current evidence supports the hypothesis that this relies on Ag crosslinking to disrupt a balance between Lyn and tyrosine phosphatase activities. However, the structural interactions that underlie the stimulation process remain poorly defined. This study evaluates the relative contributions and functional importance of different types of interactions leading to suprathreshold phosphorylation of Ag-crosslinked IgE-FcεRI in live rat basophilic leukemia mast cells. Our high-precision diffusion measurements by imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on multiple structural variants of Lyn and other lipid-anchored probes confirm subtle, stimulated stabilization of the Lo-like nanodomains in the membrane inner leaflet and concomitant sharpening of segregation from liquid disordered (Ld)-like regions. With other structural variants, we determine that lipid-based interactions are essential for access by Lyn, leading to phosphorylation of and protein-based binding to clustered FcεRI. By contrast, TM tyrosine phosphatase, PTPα, is excluded from these regions due to its Ld-preference and steric exclusion of TM segments. Overall, we establish a synergy of lipid-based, protein-based, and steric interactions underlying functional TM signaling in mast cells.
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30
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Kliment K, Szekacs I, Peter B, Erdei A, Kurucz I, Horvath R. Label-free real-time monitoring of the BCR-triggered activation of primary human B cells modulated by the simultaneous engagement of inhibitory receptors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113469. [PMID: 34229298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Today, there is an intense demand for lab-on-a-chip and tissue-on-a-chip applications in basic cell biological research and medical diagnostics. A particular challenge is the implementation of advanced biosensor techniques in point-of-care testing utilizing human primary cells. In this study, a resonant waveguide grating (RWG)-based label-free optical biosensor technique has been applied for real-time monitoring of the integrated responses of primary human tonsillar B cells initiated by B cell receptor (BCR) and modified by FcγRIIb and CR1 engagement. The BCR-triggered biosensor responses of resting and activated B cells were revealed to be specific and dose-dependent, in some cases with strong donor dependency. Targeted inhibition of Syk attenuated the label-free biosensor response upon BCR stimulation. Indifferent protein human serum albumin (HSA) did not interfere with the recorded signal to BCR stimulation. Simultaneous engagement of BCR and FcγRIIb modulated the kinetic signal of the cells. Activated and resting B cells exhibited different response profiles upon simultaneous engagement of BCR and CR1. This advanced approach has the potential to decipher interfering signaling events in human B cells, manage differences between activated and resting B cell states, helping to understand the actual integrated response of these immune cells, and could be useful in the point-of-care diagnostic testing on human primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Kliment
- Department of Immunology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly-Thege Miklós út, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Szekacs
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly-Thege Miklós út, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Beatrix Peter
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly-Thege Miklós út, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Kurucz
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly-Thege Miklós út, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Kanegasaki S, Tsuchiya T. A possible way to prevent the progression of bone lesions in multiple myeloma via Src-homology-region-2-domain-containing-phosphatase-1 activation. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1313-1325. [PMID: 33969922 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our recent findings, in which multiple receptor-mediated mast cell functions are regulated via a common signaling cascade, we posit that the formation and functioning of osteoclasts are also controlled by a similar common mechanism. These cells are derived from the same granulocyte/monocyte progenitors and share multiple receptors except those that are cell-specific. In both types of cells, all known receptors reside in lipid rafts, form multiprotein complexes with recruited signaling molecules, and are internalized upon receptor engagement. Signal transduction proceeds in a chain of protein phosphorylations, where adaptor protein LAT (linker-for-activation-of-T-cells) plays a central role. The key kinase that associates LAT phosphorylation and lipid raft internalization is Syk (spleen-tyrosine-kinase) and/or an Src-family-kinase, most probably Lck (lymphocyte-specific-protein-tyrosine-kinase). Dephosphorylation of phosphorylated Syk and Lck by activated SHP-1 (Src-homology-region-2-domain-containing-phosphatase-1) terminates the signal transduction and endocytosis of receptors, resulting in inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and other functions. In malignant plasma cells (MM cells) too, SHP-1 plays a similar indispensable role in controlling signal transduction required for survival and proliferation, though BLNK (B-cell-linker-protein), a functional equivalent of LAT and SLP-76 (SH2-domain-containing-leukocyte-protein-of-76-kDa) in B cells, is used instead of LAT. In both osteoclasts and MM cells, therefore, activated SHP-1 acts negatively in receptor-mediated cellular functions. In osteoblasts, however, activated SHP-1 promotes differentiation, osteocalcin generation, and mineralization by preventing both downregulation of transcription factors, such as Ostrix and Runx2, and degradation of β-catenin required for activation of the transcription factors. SHP-1 is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation and micromolar doses (M-dose) of CCRI-ligand-induced SHP-1 activation. Small molecular compounds, such as A770041, Sorafenib, Nitedanib, and Dovitinib, relieve the autoinhibitory conformation. Activation of SHP-1 by M-dose CCRI ligands or the compounds described may prevent the progression of bone lesions in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kanegasaki
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuchiya
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Abstract
Lateral organization in the plane of the plasma membrane is an important driver of biological processes. The past dozen years have seen increasing experimental support for the notion that lipid organization plays an important role in modulating this heterogeneity. Various biophysical mechanisms rooted in the concept of liquid-liquid phase separation have been proposed to explain diverse experimental observations of heterogeneity in model and cell membranes with distinct but overlapping applicability. In this review, we focus on the evidence for and the consequences of the hypothesis that the plasma membrane is poised near an equilibrium miscibility critical point. Critical phenomena explain certain features of the heterogeneity observed in cells and model systems but also go beyond heterogeneity to predict other interesting phenomena, including responses to perturbations in membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Shaw
- Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
| | - Subhadip Ghosh
- Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sarah L Veatch
- Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; .,Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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33
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Wittmann J. Modeling Lymphocytes. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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34
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Wist M, Meier L, Gutman O, Haas J, Endres S, Zhou Y, Rösler R, Wiese S, Stilgenbauer S, Hobeika E, Henis YI, Gierschik P, Walliser C. Noncatalytic Bruton's tyrosine kinase activates PLCγ 2 variants mediating ibrutinib resistance in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5717-5736. [PMID: 32184360 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), such as ibrutinib, is limited by primary or secondary resistance to this drug. Examinations of CLL patients with late relapses while on ibrutinib, which inhibits BTK's catalytic activity, revealed several mutations in BTK, most frequently resulting in the C481S substitution, and disclosed many mutations in PLCG2, encoding phospholipase C-γ2 (PLCγ2). The PLCγ2 variants typically do not exhibit constitutive activity in cell-free systems, leading to the suggestion that in intact cells they are hypersensitive to Rac family small GTPases or to the upstream kinases spleen-associated tyrosine kinase (SYK) and Lck/Yes-related novel tyrosine kinase (LYN). The sensitivity of the PLCγ2 variants to BTK itself has remained unknown. Here, using genetically-modified DT40 B lymphocytes, along with various biochemical assays, including analysis of PLCγ2-mediated inositol phosphate formation, inositol phospholipid assessments, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) static laser microscopy, and determination of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+] i ), we show that various CLL-specific PLCγ2 variants such as PLCγ2S707Y are hyper-responsive to activated BTK, even in the absence of BTK's catalytic activity and independently of enhanced PLCγ2 phospholipid substrate supply. At high levels of B-cell receptor (BCR) activation, which may occur in individual CLL patients, catalytically-inactive BTK restored the ability of the BCR to mediate increases in [Ca2+] i Because catalytically-inactive BTK is insensitive to active-site BTK inhibitors, the mechanism involving the noncatalytic BTK uncovered here may contribute to preexisting reduced sensitivity or even primary resistance of CLL to these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wist
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Meier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Orit Gutman
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jennifer Haas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sascha Endres
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhild Rösler
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Peter Gierschik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Claudia Walliser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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35
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Chackerian B, Peabody DS. Factors That Govern the Induction of Long-Lived Antibody Responses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010074. [PMID: 31936163 PMCID: PMC7019776 DOI: 10.3390/v12010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of long-lasting, high-titer antibody responses is critical to the efficacy of many vaccines. The ability to produce durable antibody responses is governed by the generation of the terminally differentiated antibody-secreting B cells known as long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). Once induced, LLPCs likely persist for decades, providing long-term protection against infection. The factors that control the generation of this important class of B cells are beginning to emerge. In particular, antigens with highly dense, multivalent structures are especially effective. Here we describe some pathogens for which the induction of long-lived antibodies is particularly important, and discuss the basis for the extraordinary ability of multivalent antigens to drive differentiation of naïve B cells to LLPCs.
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36
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Núñez MF, Wisser K, Veatch SL. Synergistic factors control kinase-phosphatase organization in B-cells engaged with supported bilayers. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 31:667-682. [PMID: 31877064 PMCID: PMC7202075 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-09-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cells become activated by ligands with varying valency and mode of presentation to the B-cell receptor (BCR). We previously demonstrated that clustering the immunoglobulin M (IgM) isotype of BCR with an artificial soluble cross-linker stabilized an ordered phase-like domain that enriched kinases and depleted phosphatases to promote receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. BCR is also activated by ligands presented at surfaces, and here we activate B-cells via supported bilayers of phosphatidylcholine lipids, a natural ligand for the IgM BCR expressed in the CH27 cells used. Using superresolution fluorescence localization microscopy, along with a quantitative cross-correlation analysis, we find that BRCs engaged with bilayers sort minimal peptide markers of liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases, indicating that ordered-domain stabilization is a general feature of BCR clustering. The phosphatase CD45 is more strongly excluded from bilayer-engaged BRCs than a transmembrane peptide, indicating that mechanisms other than domain partitioning contribute to its organization. Experimental observations are assembled into a minimal model of receptor activation that incorporates both ordered domains and direct phosphatase exclusion mechanisms to produce a more sensitive response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Wisser
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Sarah L Veatch
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
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37
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Yu Y, Li M, Yu Y. Tracking Single Molecules in Biomembranes: Is Seeing Always Believing? ACS NANO 2019; 13:10860-10868. [PMID: 31589406 PMCID: PMC7179047 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The spatial organization of molecules in cell membranes and their dynamic interactions play a central role in regulating cell functions. Single-particle tracking (SPT), a technique in which single molecules are imaged and tracked in real time, has led to breakthrough discoveries regarding these spatiotemporal complexities of cell membranes. There are, however, emerging concerns about factors that might produce misleading interpretations of SPT results. Here, we briefly review the application of SPT to understanding the nanoscale heterogeneities of plasma membranes, with a focus on the unique challenges, pitfalls, and limitations that confront the use of nanoparticles as imaging probes for tracking the dynamics of single molecules in cell membranes.
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38
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Dominant role of splenic marginal zone lipid rafts in the classical complement pathway against S. pneumoniae. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:133. [PMID: 31531231 PMCID: PMC6733876 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts (LRs) play crucial roles in complex physiological processes, modulating innate and acquired immune responses to pathogens. The transmembrane C-type lectins human dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) and its mouse homolog SIGN-R1 are distributed in LRs and expressed on splenic marginal zone (MZ) macrophages. The DC-SIGN-C1q or SIGN-R1-C1q complex could mediate the immunoglobulin (Ig)-independent classical complement pathway against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Precise roles of LRs during this complement pathway are unknown. Here we show that LRs are indispensable for accelerating the DC-SIGN- or SIGN-R1-mediated classical complement pathway against S. pneumoniae, thus facilitating rapid clearance of the pathogen. The trimolecular complex of SIGN-R1-C1q-C4 was exclusively enriched in LRs of splenic MZ macrophages and their localization was essential for activating C3 catabolism and enhancing pneumococcal clearance, which were abolished in SIGN-R1-knockout mice. However, DC-SIGN replacement on splenic MZ macrophage’s LRs of SIGN-R1-depleted mice reversed these defects. Disruption of LRs dramatically reduced pneumococcal uptake and decomposition. Additionally, DC- SIGN, C1q, C4, and C3 were obviously distributed in splenic LRs of cadavers. Therefore, LRs on splenic SIGN-R1+ or DC-SIGN+ macrophages could provide spatially confined and optimal bidirectional platforms, not only for usual intracellular events, for example recognition and phagocytosis of pathogens, but also an unusual extracellular event such as the complement system. These findings improve our understanding of the orchestrated roles of the spleen, unraveling a new innate immune system initiated from splenic MZ LRs, and yielding answers to several long-standing problems, including the need to understand the profound role of LRs in innate immunity, the need to identify how such a small portion of splenic SIGN-R1+ macrophages (<0.05% of splenic macrophages) effectively resist S. pneumoniae, and the need to understand how LRs can promote the protective function of DC-SIGN against S. pneumoniae in the human spleen.
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39
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Chen J, Zhang S. Discovery of two-level modular organization from matched genomic data via joint matrix tri-factorization. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5967-5976. [PMID: 29878151 PMCID: PMC6158745 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of biotechnology, multi-dimensional genomic data are available for us to study the regulatory associations among multiple levels. Thus, it is essential to develop a tool to identify not only the modular patterns from multiple levels, but also the relationships among these modules. In this study, we adopt a novel non-negative matrix factorization framework (NetNMF) to integrate pairwise genomic data in a network manner. NetNMF could reveal the modules of each dimension and the connections within and between both types of modules. We first demonstrated the effectiveness of NetNMF using a set of simulated data and compared it with two typical NMF methods. Further, we applied it to two different types of pairwise genomic datasets including microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and gene expression and pharmacological data from the Cancer Genome Project. We respectively identified a two-level miRNA–gene module network and a two-level gene–drug module network. Not only have the majority of identified modules significantly functional implications, but also the three types of module pairs have closely biological associations. This module discovery tool provides us comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of how the two levels of molecules cooperate with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Chen
- NCMIS, CEMS, RCSDS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- NCMIS, CEMS, RCSDS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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40
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Wang C, Ming B, Wu X, Wu T, Cai S, Hu P, Tang J, Tan Z, Liu C, Zhong J, Zheng F, Dong L. Sphingomyelin synthase 1 enhances BCR signaling to promote lupus-like autoimmune response. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:578-587. [PMID: 31262710 PMCID: PMC6642282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) has been reported to participate in hepatitis and atherosclerosis. However, its role in autoimmune response is not clear. This study investigates the possible involvement of SMS1 in B-cell activation and lupus-like autoimmunity. METHODS SMS1 knockout lupus-like animal model and SLE patient samples were utilized. B-cell activation and associated signal transduction were detected by flow cytometry, confocal analysis and western blotting. The SMS1 expression in B cells was measured by real-time qPCR. FINDINGS SMS1 deficiency suppressed B-cell activation in culture, which was restored by exogenous SM supplementation. The BCR-mediated early signal transduction including the colocalization of BCR with F-actin or pY/pBtk, and the phosphorylation of intracellular Fyn and Syk were impaired in SMS1 knockout B cells. Furthermore, SMS1 knockout mice showed reduced production and deposition of autoantibodies, accompanied by less severe kidney pathological changes after pristane induction. SMS1 deficiency also displayed lower autoantibody titers and 24 h urine protein excretion in bm12-induced lupus, which were associated with reduced B-cell activation. Adoptively transferred wide-type B cells partially recovered B-cell activation and autoantibody production in SMS1 deficient bm12-induced lupus mice. Moreover, the SMS1 mRNA level in B cells of SLE patients was increased and positively correlated with the serum anti-dsDNA level, IgG and globulin titers. INTERPRETATION These data suggest that SMS1 is involved in lupus-like autoimmunity via regulating BCR signal transduction and B cell activation. (Word count for the abstract: 230).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqiong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Bingxia Ming
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Xuefen Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Shaozhe Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Jungen Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China.
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Alomari M, Almohazey D, Almofty SA, Khan FA, Al Hamad M, Ababneh D. Role of Lipid Rafts in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Homing, Mobilization, Hibernation, and Differentiation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060630. [PMID: 31234505 PMCID: PMC6627378 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that can differentiate into myeloid or lymphoid cells. The mobilization and differentiation processes are affected by the external environment, such as extracellular matrix and soluble molecules in the niche, where the lipid rafts (LRs) of the HSCs act as the receptors and control platforms for these effectors. LRs are membrane microdomains that are enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipid, and proteins. They are involved in diverse cellular processes including morphogenesis, cytokinesis, signaling, endocytic events, and response to the environment. They are also involved in different types of diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and prion disease. LR clustering and disruption contribute directly to the differentiation, homing, hibernation, or mobilization of HSCs. Thus, characterization of LR integrity may provide a promising approach to controlling the fate of stem cells for clinical applications. In this review, we show the critical role of LR modification (clustering, disruption, protein incorporation, and signal responding) in deciding the fate of HSCs, under the effect of soluble cytokines such as stem cell factor (SCF), transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β), hematopoietic-specific phospholipase Cβ2 (PLC-β2), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dana Almohazey
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarah Ameen Almofty
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Firdos Alam Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Al Hamad
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Deena Ababneh
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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42
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Functional link between plasma membrane spatiotemporal dynamics, cancer biology, and dietary membrane-altering agents. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:519-544. [PMID: 29860560 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cell plasma membrane serves as a nexus integrating extra- and intracellular components, which together enable many of the fundamental cellular signaling processes that sustain life. In order to perform this key function, plasma membrane components assemble into well-defined domains exhibiting distinct biochemical and biophysical properties that modulate various signaling events. Dysregulation of these highly dynamic membrane domains can promote oncogenic signaling. Recently, it has been demonstrated that select membrane-targeted dietary bioactives (MTDBs) have the ability to remodel plasma membrane domains and subsequently reduce cancer risk. In this review, we focus on the importance of plasma membrane domain structural and signaling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can drive aberrant signaling. Additionally, we discuss the intricacies associated with the investigation of these membrane domain features and their associations with cancer biology. Lastly, we describe the current literature focusing on MTDBs, including mechanisms of chemoprevention and therapeutics in order to establish a functional link between these membrane-altering biomolecules, tuning of plasma membrane hierarchal organization, and their implications in cancer prevention.
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43
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Nguyen PH, Niesen E, Hallek M. New roles for B cell receptor associated kinases: when the B cell is not the target. Leukemia 2019; 33:576-587. [PMID: 30700840 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of B cell receptor associated kinases (BAKs), such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) or phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) delta, by specific inhibitors has revolutionized the therapy of B lymphoid malignancies. BAKs are critical signaling transducers of BCR signaling and seem relevant in B cell lymphoma pathogenesis. The functional relevance of BTK for lymphoid malignancies is strongly supported by the observation that resistance to therapy in CLL patients treated with BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib is often associated with mutations in genes coding for BTK or Phospholipase-C gamma (PLCɣ). In some contrast, next generation sequencing data show that BAKs are mutated at very low frequency in treatment-naïve B cell lymphomas. Therefore, it remains debatable whether BAKs are essential drivers for lymphoma development. In addition, results obtained by targeted deletion of BAKs such as Lyn and Btk in murine CLL models suggest that BAKs may be essential to shape the dialogue between malignant B cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since BAKs are expressed in multiple cell types, BAK inhibitors may disrupt the lymphoma supportive microenvironment. This concept also explains the typical response to BAK inhibitor treatment, characterized by a long-lasting increase of peripheral blood lymphoid cells, due to a redistribution from the lymphoid homing compartments. In addition, BAK inhibitors have shown some efficacy in solid tumors, probably through mediator cells in the TME. This review summarizes and validates the evidence for BAK inhibitors being part of a class of agents that modulate the (hematopoietic) microenvironment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong-Hien Nguyen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emanuel Niesen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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44
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Hallek M. On the architecture of translational research designed to control chronic lymphocytic leukemia. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2018; 2018:1-8. [PMID: 30504285 PMCID: PMC6245981 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been 1 of the most dynamic fields of clinical research over the last 2 decades. Important advances in understanding the biology of CLL have led to the development of new prognostic and diagnostic tools. Concurrently, several recently approved new agents hold the potential to fundamentally change the management of this leukemia and have started to improve clinical outcomes for patients. This conceptual review summarizes the major recent insights regarding the biology of CLL, the technological advances that have allowed refinement of the prognostication of the clinical course, and the new therapeutic strategies that are currently under investigation to further ameliorate the outcome for patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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45
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Li L, Hu J, Xu G, Song F. Binding constant of cell adhesion receptors and substrate-immobilized ligands depends on the distribution of ligands. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:012405. [PMID: 29448355 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.012405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion and the adhesion of cells to tissues and extracellular matrix, which are pivotal for immune response, tissue development, and cell locomotion, depend sensitively on the binding constant of receptor and ligand molecules anchored on the apposing surfaces. An important question remains of whether the immobilization of ligands affects the affinity of binding with cell adhesion receptors. We have investigated the adhesion of multicomponent membranes to a flat substrate coated with immobile ligands using Monte Carlo simulations of a statistical mesoscopic model with biologically relevant parameters. We find that the binding of the adhesion receptors to ligands immobilized on the substrate is strongly affected by the ligand distribution. In the case of ligand clusters, the receptor-ligand binding constant can be significantly enhanced due to the less translational entropy loss of lipid-raft domains in the model cell membranes upon the formation of additional complexes. For ligands randomly or uniformly immobilized on the substrate, the binding constant is rather decreased since the receptors localized in lipid-raft domains have to pay an energetic penalty in order to bind ligands. Our findings help to understand why cell-substrate adhesion experiments for measuring the impact of lipid rafts on the receptor-ligand interactions led to contradictory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinglei Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research, Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Guangkui Xu
- School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Fan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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46
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Poggi A, Varesano S, Zocchi MR. How to Hit Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Make the Tumor Microenvironment Immunostimulant Rather Than Immunosuppressive. Front Immunol 2018; 9:262. [PMID: 29515580 PMCID: PMC5825917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence indicates that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may regulate tumor microenvironment (TME). It is conceivable that the interaction with MSC can influence neoplastic cell functional behavior, remodeling TME and generating a tumor cell niche that supports tissue neovascularization, tumor invasion and metastasization. In addition, MSC can release transforming growth factor-beta that is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of carcinoma cells; this transition is essential to give rise to aggressive tumor cells and favor cancer progression. Also, MSC can both affect the anti-tumor immune response and limit drug availability surrounding tumor cells, thus creating a sort of barrier. This mechanism, in principle, should limit tumor expansion but, on the contrary, often leads to the impairment of the immune system-mediated recognition of tumor cells. Furthermore, the cross-talk between MSC and anti-tumor lymphocytes of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system strongly drives TME to become immunosuppressive. Indeed, MSC can trigger the generation of several types of regulatory cells which block immune response and eventually impair the elimination of tumor cells. Based on these considerations, it should be possible to favor the anti-tumor immune response acting on TME. First, we will review the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-mediated regulation of immune response. Second, we will focus on the experimental data supporting that it is possible to convert TME from immunosuppressive to immunostimulant, specifically targeting MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Varesano
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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47
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Mina JGM, Denny PW. Everybody needs sphingolipids, right! Mining for new drug targets in protozoan sphingolipid biosynthesis. Parasitology 2018; 145:134-147. [PMID: 28637533 PMCID: PMC5964470 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are an integral part of all eukaryotic cellular membranes. In addition, they have indispensable functions as signalling molecules controlling a myriad of cellular events. Disruption of either the de novo synthesis or the degradation pathways has been shown to have detrimental effects. The earlier identification of selective inhibitors of fungal SL biosynthesis promised potent broad-spectrum anti-fungal agents, which later encouraged testing some of those agents against protozoan parasites. In this review we focus on the key enzymes of the SL de novo biosynthetic pathway in protozoan parasites of the Apicomplexa and Kinetoplastidae, outlining the divergence and interconnection between host and pathogen metabolism. The druggability of the SL biosynthesis is considered, alongside recent technology advances that will enable the dissection and analyses of this pathway in the parasitic protozoa. The future impact of these advances for the development of new therapeutics for both globally threatening and neglected infectious diseases is potentially profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G M Mina
- Department of Biosciences,Lower Mountjoy,Stockton Road,Durham DH1 3LE,UK
| | - P W Denny
- Department of Biosciences,Lower Mountjoy,Stockton Road,Durham DH1 3LE,UK
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48
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Sohn HW, Brzostowski J. Time-Lapse Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Imaging by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Analyzing Dynamic Molecular Interactions in the Plasma Membrane of B Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1707:207-224. [PMID: 29388110 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7474-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For decades, various Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques have been developed to measure the distance between interacting molecules. FRET imaging by the sensitized acceptor emission method has been widely applied to study the dynamical association between two molecules at a nanometer scale in live cells. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for FRET imaging by sensitized emission using a confocal laser scanning microscope to analyze the interaction of the B cell receptor (BCR) with the Lyn-enriched lipid microdomain on the plasma membrane of live cells upon antigen binding, one of the earliest signaling events in BCR-mediated B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Won Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Brzostowski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics Imaging Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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49
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Li X, Guo X, Liu H, Gao G, Xu G, Fei X, Fang X, Qiao W, Deng GM. Skin inflammation induced by lupus serum was inhibited in IL-1R deficient mice. Clin Immunol 2017; 180:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Li L, Hu J, Shi X, Shao Y, Song F. Lipid rafts enhance the binding constant of membrane-anchored receptors and ligands. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4294-4304. [PMID: 28573272 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00572e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gaining insights into the binding of membrane-anchored receptors and ligands that mediate cell adhesion and signal transduction is of great significance for understanding numerous physiological processes driven by intercellular communication. Lipid rafts, microdomains in cell membranes enriched in cholesterol and saturated lipids such as sphingomyelin, are believed to serve as the essential platforms to recruit protein molecules for biological functions. An important question remains how the lipid rafts affect the binding constant of membrane-anchored receptors and ligands. We have investigated the adhesion of multicomponent membranes by using Monte Carlo simulations of a mesoscopic model with biologically relevant parameters. We find that the preferential partitioning of membrane-anchored receptor and ligand proteins in the lipid rafts significantly increases the binding constant of those proteins, in cooperation with the shape fluctuations of the membranes caused by thermal excitations. The binding constant can even be greater than that of the same receptors and ligands anchored to two apposing supported, planar membranes without shape fluctuations. The membrane shape fluctuations facilitate the binding of the anchored receptors and ligands, in contrast to the case of homogeneous membranes. Our results suggest that cells might regulate the binding of membrane-anchored receptor and ligand proteins by modulating the properties of lipid rafts such as area fraction, size and the affinity of rafts to the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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