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Fang G, Qiao Z, Huang L, Zhu H, Xie J, Zhou T, Xiong Z, Su IH, Jin D, Chen YC. Single-cell laser emitting cytometry for label-free nucleolus fingerprinting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7332. [PMID: 39187494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus, a recognized biomolecular condensate, serves as the hub for ribosome biogenesis within the cell nucleus. Its quantity and morphology are discernible indicators of cellular functional states. However, precise identification and quantification of nucleoli remain challenging without specific labeling, particularly for suspended cells, tissue-level analysis and high-throughput applications. Here we introduce a single-cell laser emitting cytometry (SLEC) for label-free nucleolus differentiation through light-matter interactions within a Fabry-Perot resonator. The separated gain medium enhances the threshold difference by 36-fold between nucleolus and its surroundings, enabling selective laser emissions at nucleolar area while maintaining lower-order mode. The laser emission image provides insights into structural inhomogeneity, temporal fluid-like dynamics, and pathological application. Lasing spectral fingerprint depicts the quantity and size of nucleoli within a single cell, showcasing the label-free flow cytometry for nucleolus. This approach holds promise for nucleolus-guided cell screening and drug evaluation, advancing the study of diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Fang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tian Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhongshu Xiong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - I-Hsin Su
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Chen HY, Wu YH, Wei CY, Liao ZY, Wu HT, Chen YC, Pang JHS. Incomplete Recovery from the Radiocontrast-Induced Dysregulated Cell Cycle, Adhesion, and Fibrogenesis in Renal Tubular Cells after Radiocontrast (Iohexol) Removal. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10945. [PMID: 37446141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, management is still limited, and the cellular response to radiocontrast removal for CIN remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the latent effects of iohexol in cultured renal tubular cells with or without the removal of iohexol by medium replacement. HK2 renal tubular cells were subcultured 24 h before use in CIN experiments. Three treatment groups were established: the control, a radiocontrast (iohexol)-only group at 75 mg I/mL (I-75), and iohexol exposure for 24 h with culture medium replacement (I-75/M). Cell cycle arrest, fibrogenic mediator assays, cell viability, cell function, and cell-cycle-related protein expression were compared between groups. Iohexol induced numerous changes in HK2 renal tubular cells, such as enlarged cell shape, cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis, and polyploidy. Iohexol inhibited the expression of cyclins, CDKs, ZO-1, and E-cadherin but conversely enhanced the expression of p21 and fibrosis-related genes, including TGF-β1, CTGF, collagen I, collagen III, and HIF-1α within 60 hr after the exposure. Except for the recovery from cell cycle arrest and cell cycle gene expression, notably, the removal of iohexol by medium replacement could not fully recover the renal tubular cells from the formation of polyploid cells, the adhesion or spreading, or the expression of fibrosis-related genes. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that iohexol exerts latent cytotoxic effects on cultured renal tubular cells after its removal, suggesting that these irreversible cell changes may cause the insufficiency of radiocontrast reduction in CIN, which is worth investigating further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Wu
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Wei
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yao Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ting Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33342, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33342, Taiwan
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Papandreou ME, Tavernarakis N. Selective Autophagy as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Age-Associated Pathologies. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090588. [PMID: 34564405 PMCID: PMC8472713 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of damaged cellular constituents contributes to age-related diseases. Autophagy is the main catabolic process, which recycles cellular material in a multitude of tissues and organs. Autophagy is activated upon nutrient deprivation, and oncogenic, heat or oxidative stress-induced stimuli to selectively degrade cell constituents and compartments. Specificity and accuracy of the autophagic process is maintained via the precision of interaction of autophagy receptors or adaptors and substrates by the intricate, stepwise orchestration of specialized integrating stimuli. Polymorphisms in genes regulating selective autophagy have been linked to aging and age-associated disorders. The involvement of autophagy perturbations in aging and disease indicates that pharmacological agents balancing autophagic flux may be beneficial, in these contexts. Here, we introduce the modes and mechanisms of selective autophagy, and survey recent experimental evidence of dysfunctional autophagy triggering severe pathology. We further highlight identified pharmacological targets that hold potential for developing therapeutic interventions to alleviate cellular autophagic cargo burden and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita-Elena Papandreou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Puvvula PK, Moon AM. Novel Cell-Penetrating Peptides Derived From Scaffold-Attachment- Factor A Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation and Survival. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621825. [PMID: 33859938 PMCID: PMC8042391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold-attachment-factor A (SAFA) has important roles in many normal and pathologic cellular processes but the scope of its function in cancer cells is unknown. Here, we report dominant-negative activity of novel peptides derived from the SAP and RGG-domains of SAFA and their effects on proliferation, survival and the epigenetic landscape in a range of cancer cell types. The RGG-derived peptide dysregulates SAFA binding and regulation of alternatively spliced targets and decreases levels of key spliceosome proteins in a cell-type specific manner. In contrast, the SAP-derived peptide reduces active histone marks, promotes chromatin compaction, and activates the DNA damage response and cell death in a subset of cancer cell types. Our findings reveal an unprecedented function of SAFA-derived peptides in regulating diverse SAFA molecular functions as a tumor suppressive mechanism and demonstrate the potential therapeutic utility of SAFA-peptides in a wide range of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Puvvula
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Anne M Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Matos-Perdomo E, Machín F. Nucleolar and Ribosomal DNA Structure under Stress: Yeast Lessons for Aging and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080779. [PMID: 31357498 PMCID: PMC6721496 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Once thought a mere ribosome factory, the nucleolus has been viewed in recent years as an extremely sensitive gauge of diverse cellular stresses. Emerging concepts in nucleolar biology include the nucleolar stress response (NSR), whereby a series of cell insults have a special impact on the nucleolus. These insults include, among others, ultra-violet radiation (UV), nutrient deprivation, hypoxia and thermal stress. While these stresses might influence nucleolar biology directly or indirectly, other perturbances whose origin resides in the nucleolar biology also trigger nucleolar and systemic stress responses. Among the latter, we find mutations in nucleolar and ribosomal proteins, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing inhibitors and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription inhibition. The p53 protein also mediates NSR, leading ultimately to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence or differentiation. Hence, NSR is gaining importance in cancer biology. The nucleolar size and ribosome biogenesis, and how they connect with the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway, are also becoming important in the biology of aging and cancer. Simple model organisms like the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, easy to manipulate genetically, are useful in order to study nucleolar and rDNA structure and their relationship with stress. In this review, we summarize the most important findings related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Matos-Perdomo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Félix Machín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Lima MGF, Rocha LC, Silveira GL, Alvarenga IFS, Andrade-Vieria LF. Nucleolar alterations are reliable parameters to determine the cytogenotoxicity of environmental pollutants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:630-636. [PMID: 30875556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pollution generated by deposition of industrial activity waste in the environment without due care can lead to serious environmental consequences. Bioassays in higher plants are means of understanding the cytogenotoxic effects of these substances. In the present work, Allium cepa L. was used as a model species to assess nucleolar changes induced by environmental pollutants. The substances used were Methyl Methane Sulfonate (MMS), cadmium (Cd), Spent Potliner (SPL) and the herbicide Atrazine. Water was used as a negative control. The silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) assay was used making it possible to evaluate how nucleolar parameters (number of nucleoli per nucleus and nucleoli area) behave when facing stress caused by such pollutants. The results obtained showed a variation in the observed parameters: an increase in the number of nucleoli in the treated cells and tendency to a reduction in nucleolar area, indicating that the tested pollutants may have impaired nucleolar activity. In addition, it was possible to establish a relationship between the behavior of the nucleolus with other changes as plantlet growth, cell proliferation, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laiane Corsini Rocha
- Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), ZIP: 37.200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Pfister AS. Emerging Role of the Nucleolar Stress Response in Autophagy. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:156. [PMID: 31114481 PMCID: PMC6503120 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy represents a conserved self-digestion program, which allows regulated degradation of cellular material. Autophagy is activated by cellular stress, serum starvation and nutrient deprivation. Several autophagic pathways have been uncovered, which either non-selectively or selectively target the cellular cargo for lysosomal degradation. Autophagy engages the coordinated action of various key regulators involved in the steps of autophagosome formation, cargo targeting and lysosomal fusion. While non-selective (macro)autophagy is required for removal of bulk material or recycling of nutrients, selective autophagy mediates specific targeting of damaged organelles or protein aggregates. By proper action of the autophagic machinery, cellular homeostasis is maintained. In contrast, failure of this fundamental process is accompanied by severe pathophysiological conditions. Hallmarks of neuropathological disorders are for instance accumulated, mis-folded protein aggregates and damaged mitochondria. The nucleolus has been recognized as central hub in the cellular stress response. It represents a sub-nuclear organelle essential for ribosome biogenesis and also functions as stress sensor by mediating cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Thus, proper nucleolar function is mandatory for cell growth and survival. Here, I highlight the emerging role of nucleolar factors in the regulation of autophagy. Moreover, I discuss the nucleolar stress response as a novel signaling pathway in the context of autophagy, health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Pfister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Pfister AS, Kühl M. Of Wnts and Ribosomes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:131-155. [PMID: 29389514 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are secreted glycoproteins that activate different intracellular signal transduction pathways. They regulate cell proliferation and are required for proper embryonic development. Misregulation of Wnt signaling can result in various diseases including cancer. In most circumstances, cell growth is essential for cell division and thus cell proliferation. Therefore, several reports have highlighted the key role of Wnt proteins for cell growth. Ribosomes represent the cellular protein synthesis machinery and cells need to be equipped with an appropriate number of ribosomes to allow cell growth. Recent findings suggest a role for Wnt proteins in regulating ribosome biogenesis and we here summarize these findings representing a previously unknown function of Wnt proteins. Understanding this role of Wnt signaling might open new avenues to slow down proliferation by drugs for instance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Pfister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Michael Kühl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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