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Ma L, Kasula RK, Ouyang Q, Schmidt M, Morrow EM. GGA1 interacts with the endosomal Na+/H+ Exchanger NHE6 governing localization to the endosome compartment. J Biol Chem 2024:107552. [PMID: 39002678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE6) cause Christianson Syndrome (CS), an X-linked neurological disorder. NHE6 functions in regulation of endosome acidification and maturation in neurons. Using yeast two-hybrid screening with the NHE6 carboxyl-terminus as bait, we identify Golgi-associated, Gamma adaptin ear containing, ARF binding protein 1 (GGA1) as an interacting partner for NHE6. We corroborated the NHE6-GGA1 interaction using: co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP); over-expressed constructs in mammalian cells; and co-IP of endogenously-expressed GGA1 and NHE6 from neuroblastoma cells, as well as from mouse brain. We demonstrate that GGA1 interacts with organellar NHEs (NHE6, NHE7 and NHE9), and that there is significantly less interaction with cell-surface localized NHEs (NHE1 and NHE5). By constructing hybrid NHE1/NHE6 exchangers, we demonstrate that the cytoplasmic tail of NHE6 interacts most strongly with GGA1. We demonstrate the co-localization of NHE6 and GGA1 in cultured, primary hippocampal neurons, using super-resolution microscopy. We test the hypothesis that the interaction of NHE6 and GGA1 functions in the localization of NHE6 to the endosome compartment. Using subcellular fractionation experiments, we show that NHE6 is mis-localized in GGA1 knockout cells, wherein we find less NHE6 in endosomes, but more NHE6 transport to lysosomes, and more Golgi retention of NHE6, with increased exocytosis to the surface plasma membrane. Consistent with NHE6 mis-localization, and Golgi retention, we find the intra-luminal pH in Golgi to be alkalinized in GGA1-null cells. Our study demonstrates a new interaction between NHE6 and GGA1 which functions in the localization of this intra-cellular NHE to the endosome compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Ravi Kiran Kasula
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric M Morrow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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2
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Cao Y, Xing R, Yang F, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Establishment of a prognostic model for pancreatic cancer based on vesicle-mediated transport protein-related genes. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38967327 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2367739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study attempted to build a prognostic riskscore model for pancreatic cancer (PC) patients based on vesicle-mediated transport protein-related genes (VMTGs). We initially conducted differential expression analysis and Cox regression analysis, followed by the construction of a riskscore model to classify PC patients into high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) groups. The GEO GSE62452 dataset further validated the model. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to analyze the survival rate of the HR group and LR group. Cox analysis confirmed the independent prognostic ability of the riskscore model. Additionally, we evaluated immune status in both HR and LR groups, utilizing data from the GDSC database to predict drug response among PC patients. We identified six PC-specific genes from 724 VMTGs. Survival analysis revealed that the survival rate of the HR group was lower than that of the LR group (P<0.05). Cox analysis confirmed that the prognostic riskscore model could independently predict the survival status of PC patients (P<0.001). Immunological analysis revealed that the ESTIMATE score, immune score, and stroma score of the HR group were considerably lower than those of the LR group, and the tumor purity score of the HR group was higher. The IC50 values of Gemcitabine, Irinotecan, Oxaliplatin, and Paclitaxel in the LR group were considerably lower than those in the HR group (P<0.001). In summary, the VMTG-based prognostic riskscore model could stratify PC risk and effectively predict the survival of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Renwei Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xianfei Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Li Q, Wang J, Huang H, Zhao G, Wang LL, Zhu X. Strain-induced excellent photocatalytic performance in Z-scheme BlueP/γ-SnS heterostructures for water splitting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10289-10300. [PMID: 38497927 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Constructing Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency is a practical alternative to produce clean and recyclable hydrogen energy on a large scale. This paper presents the design of stable Z-scheme blue phosphorene (BlueP)/γ-SnS heterostructures with excellent photocatalytic activities by applying strains. The first-principles calculations show that the BlueP/γ-SnS heterobilayer is a type-I heterojunction with an indirect bandgap of 1.41 eV and strong visible-light absorption up to 105 cm-1. Interestingly, biaxial strains (ε) can effectively regulate its bandgap width (semiconductor-metal) and induce the band alignment transition (type-I-type-II). Compressive and tensile strains can significantly enhance the interfacial interaction and visible-light absorption, respectively. More intriguingly, compressive strains can not only modulate the heterojunction types but also make the band edges meet the requirements for overall water splitting. In particular, the Z-scheme (type-I) BlueP/γ-SnS bilayer at -8% (-2%) strain exhibits a relatively high STH efficiency of 18% (17%), and the strained Z-scheme system (-8% ≤ ε ≤ -6%) also exhibits high and anisotropic carrier mobilities (158-2327 cm2 V-1 s-1). These strain-induced outstanding properties make BlueP/γ-SnS heterostructures promising candidates for constructing economically feasible photocatalysts and flexible nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Guangting Zhao
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- School of Software Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
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Deng L, Solichin MR, Adyaksa DNM, Septianastiti MA, Fitri RA, Suwardan GNR, Matsui C, Abe T, Shoji I. Cellular Release of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles via Endosomal Pathways. Viruses 2023; 15:2430. [PMID: 38140670 PMCID: PMC10747773 DOI: 10.3390/v15122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The release of infectious HCV particles from infected hepatocytes is a crucial step in viral dissemination and disease progression. While the exact mechanisms of HCV particle release remain poorly understood, emerging evidence suggests that HCV utilizes intracellular membrane trafficking and secretory pathways. These pathways include the Golgi secretory pathway and the endosomal trafficking pathways, such as the recycling endosome pathway and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway. This review provides an overview of recent advances in understanding the release of infectious HCV particles, with a particular focus on the involvement of the host cell factors that participate in HCV particle release. By summarizing the current knowledge in this area, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of endosomal pathways involved in the extracellular release of HCV particles and the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Muchamad Ridotu Solichin
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dewa Nyoman Murti Adyaksa
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Maria Alethea Septianastiti
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rhamadianti Aulia Fitri
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Gede Ngurah Rsi Suwardan
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali 80361, Indonesia
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
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Ma L, Kasula RK, Ouyang Q, Schmidt M, Morrow EM. GGA1 interacts with the endosomal Na+/H+ Exchanger NHE6 governing localization to the endosome compartment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.565997. [PMID: 37986849 PMCID: PMC10659387 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.565997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE6) cause Christianson syndrome (CS), an X-linked neurological disorder. Previous studies have shown that NHE6 functions in regulation of endosome acidification and maturation in neurons. Using yeast two-hybrid screening with the NHE6 carboxyl-terminus as bait, we identify Golgi-associated, Gamma adaptin ear containing, ARF binding protein 1 (GGA1) as an interacting partner for NHE6. We corroborated the NHE6-GGA1 interaction using co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP): using over-expressed constructs in mammalian cells; and co-IP of endogenously-expressed GGA1 and NHE6 from neuroblastoma cells, as well as from mouse brain. We demonstrate that GGA1 interacts with organellar NHEs (NHE6, NHE7 and NHE9) but not with cell-surface localized NHEs (NHE1 and NHE5). By constructing hybrid NHE1/NHE6 exchangers, we demonstrate that the cytoplasmic tail of NHE6 is necessary and sufficient for interactions with GGA1. We demonstrate the co-localization of NHE6 and GGA1 in cultured, primary hippocampal neurons, using super-resolution microscopy. We test the hypothesis that the interaction of NHE6 and GGA1 functions in the localization of NHE6 to the endosome compartment. Using subcellular fractionation experiments, we show that NHE6 is mis-localized in GGA1 knockout cells wherein we find less NHE6 in endosomes but more NHE6 transport to lysosomes, and more Golgi retention of NHE6 with increased exocytosis to the surface plasma membrane. Consistent with NHE6 mis-localization, and Golgi retention, we find the intra-luminal pH in Golgi to be alkalinized. Our study demonstrates a new interaction between NHE6 and GGA1 which functions in the localization of this intra-cellular NHE to the endosome compartment.
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Štepihar D, Florke Gee RR, Hoyos Sanchez MC, Fon Tacer K. Cell-specific secretory granule sorting mechanisms: the role of MAGEL2 and retromer in hypothalamic regulated secretion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1243038. [PMID: 37799273 PMCID: PMC10548473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1243038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular protein trafficking and sorting are extremely arduous in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells, which synthesize and secrete on-demand substantial quantities of proteins. To ensure that neuroendocrine secretion operates correctly, each step in the secretion pathways is tightly regulated and coordinated both spatially and temporally. At the trans-Golgi network (TGN), intrinsic structural features of proteins and several sorting mechanisms and distinct signals direct newly synthesized proteins into proper membrane vesicles that enter either constitutive or regulated secretion pathways. Furthermore, this anterograde transport is counterbalanced by retrograde transport, which not only maintains membrane homeostasis but also recycles various proteins that function in the sorting of secretory cargo, formation of transport intermediates, or retrieval of resident proteins of secretory organelles. The retromer complex recycles proteins from the endocytic pathway back to the plasma membrane or TGN and was recently identified as a critical player in regulated secretion in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, melanoma antigen protein L2 (MAGEL2) was discovered to act as a tissue-specific regulator of the retromer-dependent endosomal protein recycling pathway and, by doing so, ensures proper secretory granule formation and maturation. MAGEL2 is a mammalian-specific and maternally imprinted gene implicated in Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang neurodevelopmental syndromes. In this review, we will briefly discuss the current understanding of the regulated secretion pathway, encompassing anterograde and retrograde traffic. Although our understanding of the retrograde trafficking and sorting in regulated secretion is not yet complete, we will review recent insights into the molecular role of MAGEL2 in hypothalamic neuroendocrine secretion and how its dysregulation contributes to the symptoms of Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang patients. Given that the activation of many secreted proteins occurs after they enter secretory granules, modulation of the sorting efficiency in a tissue-specific manner may represent an evolutionary adaptation to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Štepihar
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, United States
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rebecca R. Florke Gee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Maria Camila Hoyos Sanchez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Klementina Fon Tacer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, United States
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Jiao H, Chen Y, Han T, Pan Q, Gao F, Li G. GGA1 participates in spermatogenesis in mice under stress. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15673. [PMID: 37551344 PMCID: PMC10404397 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is recognized as a common and worrisome problem of human reproduction worldwide. Based on previous studies, male factors account for about half of all infertility cases. Exposure to environmental toxicants is an important contributor to male infertility. Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most prominent toxic environmental contaminant worldwide affecting the male reproductive system. BPA can impair the function of the Golgi apparatus which is important in spermatogenesis. GGA1 is known as Golgi-localized, gamma adaptin ear-containing, ARF-binding protein 1. Previously, it has been shown that GGA1 is associated with spermatogenesis in Drosophila, however, its function in mammalian spermatogenesis remains unclear. METHODS Gga1 knockout mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Gga1-/- male mice and wild-type littermates received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of BPA (40 µg/kg) once daily for 2 weeks. Histological and immunofluorescence staining were performed to analyze the phenotypes of these mice. RESULTS Male mice lacking Gga1 had normal fertility without any obvious defects in spermatogenesis, sperm count and sperm morphology. Gga1 ablation led to infertility in male mice exposed to BPA, along with a significant reduction in sperm count, sperm motility and the percentage of normal sperm. Histological analysis of the seminiferous epithelium showed that spermatogenesis was severely disorganized, while apoptotic germ cells were significantly increased in the Gga1 null mice exposed to BPA. Our findings suggest that Gga1 protects spermatogenesis against damage induced by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Han
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, P.R. China
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Bura A, Čabrijan S, Bertović I, Jurak Begonja A. The intracellular and plasma membrane pools of phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate control megakaryocyte maturation and proplatelet formation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100169. [PMID: 37304829 PMCID: PMC10251075 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Megakaryocytes (MKs) develop from hematopoietic stem cells after stimulation by the cytokine thrombopoietin. During megakaryopoiesis, MKs enlarge, undergo the process of endomitosis, and develop intracellular membranes (demarcation membrane system, DMS). During DMS formation, there is active transport of proteins, lipids, and membranes from the Golgi apparatus to the DMS. The most important phosphoinositide that controls anterograde transport from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane (PM) is phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate (PI4P), whose levels are controlled by suppressor of actin mutations 1-like protein (Sac1) phosphatase at the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Objectives Here we investigated the role of Sac1 and PI4P in megakaryopoiesis. Methods We analyzed Sac1 and PI4P localization in primary MKs derived from fetal liver or bone marrow and in the DAMI cell line by immunofluorescence. The intracellular and PM pools of PI4P in primary MKs were modulated by expression of Sac1 constructs from retroviral vector and inhibition of PI4 kinase IIIα, respectively. Results We showed that in primary mouse MKs, PI4P is mostly found in the Golgi apparatus and the PM in immature MKs, while in mature MKs, it is found in the cell periphery and at the PM. The exogenous expression of wild-type but not C389S mutant (catalytically dead) Sac1 results in the perinuclear retention of the Golgi apparatus resembling immature MKs, with decreased ability to form proplatelets. The pharmacologic inhibition of PI4P production specifically at the PM also resulted in a significant decrease in MKs that form proplatelets. Conclusion These results indicate that both intracellular and PM pools of PI4P mediate MK maturation and proplatelet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonija Jurak Begonja
- Correspondence Antonija Jurak Begonja, University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of hematopoiesis, R. Matejcic 2, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia. @JurakBegonja
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Mihalič F, Simonetti L, Giudice G, Sander MR, Lindqvist R, Peters MBA, Benz C, Kassa E, Badgujar D, Inturi R, Ali M, Krystkowiak I, Sayadi A, Andersson E, Aronsson H, Söderberg O, Dobritzsch D, Petsalaki E, Överby AK, Jemth P, Davey NE, Ivarsson Y. Large-scale phage-based screening reveals extensive pan-viral mimicry of host short linear motifs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2409. [PMID: 37100772 PMCID: PMC10132805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses mimic host short linear motifs (SLiMs) to hijack and deregulate cellular functions. Studies of motif-mediated interactions therefore provide insight into virus-host dependencies, and reveal targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we describe the pan-viral discovery of 1712 SLiM-based virus-host interactions using a phage peptidome tiling the intrinsically disordered protein regions of 229 RNA viruses. We find mimicry of host SLiMs to be a ubiquitous viral strategy, reveal novel host proteins hijacked by viruses, and identify cellular pathways frequently deregulated by viral motif mimicry. Using structural and biophysical analyses, we show that viral mimicry-based interactions have similar binding strength and bound conformations as endogenous interactions. Finally, we establish polyadenylate-binding protein 1 as a potential target for broad-spectrum antiviral agent development. Our platform enables rapid discovery of mechanisms of viral interference and the identification of potential therapeutic targets which can aid in combating future epidemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Mihalič
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leandro Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Girolamo Giudice
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Marie Rubin Sander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 591, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Berit Akpiroro Peters
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Benz
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eszter Kassa
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dilip Badgujar
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raviteja Inturi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Izabella Krystkowiak
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ahmed Sayadi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Aronsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 591, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Doreen Dobritzsch
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Anna K Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Norman E Davey
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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B.R. R, Shah N, Joshi P, Madhusudan MS, Balasubramanian N. Kinetics of Arf1 inactivation regulates Golgi organisation and function in non-adherent fibroblasts. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059669. [PMID: 36946871 PMCID: PMC10187640 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Arf1 belongs to the Arf family of small GTPases that localise at the Golgi and plasma membrane. Active Arf1 plays a crucial role in regulating Golgi organisation and function. In mouse fibroblasts, loss of adhesion triggers a consistent drop (∼50%) in Arf1 activation that causes the Golgi to disorganise but not fragment. In suspended cells, the trans-Golgi (GalTase) disperses more prominently than cis-Golgi (Man II), accompanied by increased active Arf1 (detected using GFP-ABD: ARHGAP10 Arf1 binding domain) associated with the cis-Golgi compartment. Re-adhesion restores Arf1 activation at the trans-Golgi as it reorganises. Arf1 activation at the Golgi is regulated by Arf1 Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GBF1, and BIG1/2. In non-adherent fibroblasts, the cis-medial Golgi provides a unique setting to test and understand the role GEF-mediated Arf1 activation has in regulating Golgi organisation. Labelled with Man II-GFP, non-adherent fibroblasts treated with increasing concentrations of Brefeldin-A (BFA) (which inhibits BIG1/2 and GBF1) or Golgicide A (GCA) (which inhibits GBF1 only) comparably decrease active Arf1 levels. They, however, cause a concentration-dependent increase in cis-medial Golgi fragmentation and fusion with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Using selected BFA and GCA concentrations, we find a change in the kinetics of Arf1 inactivation could mediate this by regulating cis-medial Golgi localisation of GBF1. On loss of adhesion, a ∼50% drop in Arf1 activation over 120 min causes the Golgi to disorganise. The kinetics of this drop, when altered by BFA or GCA treatment causes a similar decline in Arf1 activation but over 10 min. This causes the Golgi to now fragment which affects cell surface glycosylation and re-adherent cell spreading. Using non-adherent fibroblasts this study reveals the kinetics of Arf1 inactivation, with active Arf1 levels, to be vital for Golgi organisation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari B.R.
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Nikita Shah
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Prachi Joshi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - M. S. Madhusudan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Nagaraj Balasubramanian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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11
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Zouhar J, Cao W, Shen J, Rojo E. Retrograde transport in plants: Circular economy in the endomembrane system. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151309. [PMID: 36933283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of endomembrane trafficking is crucial for understanding how cells and whole organisms function. Moreover, there is a special interest in investigating endomembrane trafficking in plants, given its role in transport and accumulation of seed storage proteins and in secretion of cell wall material, arguably the two most essential commodities obtained from crops. The mechanisms of anterograde transport in the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways of plants have been thoroughly discussed in recent reviews, but, comparatively, retrograde trafficking pathways have received less attention. Retrograde trafficking is essential to recover membranes, retrieve proteins that have escaped from their intended localization, maintain homeostasis in maturing compartments, and recycle trafficking machinery for its reuse in anterograde transport reactions. Here, we review the current understanding on retrograde trafficking pathways in the endomembrane system of plants, discussing their integration with anterograde transport routes, describing conserved and plant-specific retrieval mechanisms at play, highlighting contentious issues and identifying open questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zouhar
- Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Wenhan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Enrique Rojo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Buser DP, Spang A. Protein sorting from endosomes to the TGN. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1140605. [PMID: 36895788 PMCID: PMC9988951 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1140605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network is essential for recycling of protein and lipid cargoes to counterbalance anterograde membrane traffic. Protein cargo subjected to retrograde traffic include lysosomal acid-hydrolase receptors, SNARE proteins, processing enzymes, nutrient transporters, a variety of other transmembrane proteins, and some extracellular non-host proteins such as viral, plant, and bacterial toxins. Efficient delivery of these protein cargo molecules depends on sorting machineries selectively recognizing and concentrating them for their directed retrograde transport from endosomal compartments. In this review, we outline the different retrograde transport pathways governed by various sorting machineries involved in endosome-to-TGN transport. In addition, we discuss how this transport route can be analyzed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Sun F, Zhang R, Li T, Zhang L, Chen X, Liang Y, Chen L, Zou S, Dong H. Fusarium graminearum GGA protein is critical for fungal development, virulence and ascospore discharge through its involvement in vesicular trafficking. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:6290-6306. [PMID: 36335568 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking is a conserved material transport process in eukaryotic cells. The GGA family proteins are clathrin adaptors that are involved in eukaryotic vesicle transport, but their functions in phytopathogenic filamentous fungi remain unexplored. Here, we examined the only GGA family protein in Fusarium graminearum, FgGga1, which localizes to both the late Golgi and endosomes. In the absence of FgGga1, the fungal mutant exhibited defects in vegetative growth, DON biosynthesis, ascospore discharge and virulence. Fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that FgGga1 is associated with trans-Golgi network (TGN)-to-plasma membrane, endosome-to-TGN and endosome-to-vacuole transport. Mutational analysis on the five domains of FgGga1 showed that the VHS domain was required for endosome-to-TGN transport while the GAT167-248 and the hinge domains were required for both endosome-to-TGN and endosome-to-vacuole transport. Importantly, the deletion of the FgGga1 domains that are required in vesicular trafficking also inhibited vegetative growth and virulence of F. graminearum. In addition, FgGga1 interacted with the ascospore discharge regulator Ca2+ ATPase FgNeo1, whose transport to the vacuole is dependent on FgGga1-mediated endosome-to-vacuole transport. Our results suggest that FgGga1 is required for fungal development and virulence via FgGga1-mediated vesicular trafficking, and FgGga1-mediated endosome-to-vacuole transport facilitates ascospore discharge in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuancun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shenshen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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14
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Chen Y, Zhou D, Yao Y, Sun Y, Yao F, Ma L. Monoubiquitination in Homeostasis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115925. [PMID: 35682605 PMCID: PMC9180643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoubiquitination is a post-translational modification (PTM), through which a single ubiquitin molecule is covalently conjugated to a lysine residue of the target protein. Monoubiquitination regulates the activity, subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions, or endocytosis of the substrate. In doing so, monoubiquitination is implicated in diverse cellular processes, including gene transcription, endocytosis, signal transduction, cell death, and DNA damage repair, which in turn regulate cell-cycle progression, survival, proliferation, and stress response. In this review, we summarize the functions of monoubiquitination and discuss how this PTM modulates homeostasis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yinan Yao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Fan Yao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (L.M.)
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (L.M.)
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15
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Dahhan DA, Reynolds GD, Cárdenas JJ, Eeckhout D, Johnson A, Yperman K, Kaufmann WA, Vang N, Yan X, Hwang I, Heese A, De Jaeger G, Friml J, Van Damme D, Pan J, Bednarek SY. Proteomic characterization of isolated Arabidopsis clathrin-coated vesicles reveals evolutionarily conserved and plant-specific components. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2150-2173. [PMID: 35218346 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.16.460678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) facilitate the internalization of material from the cell surface as well as the movement of cargo in post-Golgi trafficking pathways. This diversity of functions is partially provided by multiple monomeric and multimeric clathrin adaptor complexes that provide compartment and cargo selectivity. The adaptor-protein assembly polypeptide-1 (AP-1) complex operates as part of the secretory pathway at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), while the AP-2 complex and the TPLATE complex jointly operate at the plasma membrane to execute clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Key to our further understanding of clathrin-mediated trafficking in plants will be the comprehensive identification and characterization of the network of evolutionarily conserved and plant-specific core and accessory machinery involved in the formation and targeting of CCVs. To facilitate these studies, we have analyzed the proteome of enriched TGN/early endosome-derived and endocytic CCVs isolated from dividing and expanding suspension-cultured Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cells. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis results were validated by differential chemical labeling experiments to identify proteins co-enriching with CCVs. Proteins enriched in CCVs included previously characterized CCV components and cargos such as the vacuolar sorting receptors in addition to conserved and plant-specific components whose function in clathrin-mediated trafficking has not been previously defined. Notably, in addition to AP-1 and AP-2, all subunits of the AP-4 complex, but not AP-3 or AP-5, were found to be in high abundance in the CCV proteome. The association of AP-4 with suspension-cultured Arabidopsis CCVs is further supported via additional biochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Dahhan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Gregory D Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jessica J Cárdenas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Klaas Yperman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Walter A Kaufmann
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Nou Vang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Xu Yan
- College Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Antje Heese
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Jianwei Pan
- College Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sebastian Y Bednarek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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16
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Sánchez-Arcila JC, Jensen KDC. Forward Genetics in Apicomplexa Biology: The Host Side of the Story. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:878475. [PMID: 35646724 PMCID: PMC9133346 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.878475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forward genetic approaches have been widely used in parasitology and have proven their power to reveal the complexities of host-parasite interactions in an unbiased fashion. Many aspects of the parasite’s biology, including the identification of virulence factors, replication determinants, antibiotic resistance genes, and other factors required for parasitic life, have been discovered using such strategies. Forward genetic approaches have also been employed to understand host resistance mechanisms to parasitic infection. Here, we will introduce and review all forward genetic approaches that have been used to identify host factors involved with Apicomplexa infections, which include classical genetic screens and QTL mapping, GWAS, ENU mutagenesis, overexpression, RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 library screens. Collectively, these screens have improved our understanding of host resistance mechanisms, immune regulation, vaccine and drug designs for Apicomplexa parasites. We will also discuss how recent advances in molecular genetics give present opportunities to further explore host-parasite relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Sánchez-Arcila
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Kirk D. C. Jensen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States
- Health Science Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kirk D. C. Jensen,
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17
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Schwabl S, Teis D. Protein quality control at the Golgi. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102074. [PMID: 35364487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the proteome in eukaryotic cells is targeted to organelles. To maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis), distinct protein quality control (PQC) machineries operate on organelles, where they detect misfolded proteins, orphaned and mis-localized proteins and selectively target these proteins into different ubiquitin-dependent or -independent degradation pathways. Thereby, PQC prevents proteotoxic effects that would disrupt organelle integrity and cause cellular damage that leads to diseases. Here, we will discuss emerging mechanisms for PQC machineries at the Golgi apparatus, the central station for the sorting and the modification of proteins that traffic to the endo-lysosomal system, or along the secretory pathway to the PM and to the extracellular space. We will focus on Golgi PQC pathways that (1) retrieve misfolded and orphaned proteins from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, (2) extract these proteins from Golgi membranes for proteasomal degradation, (3) or selectively target these proteins to lysosomes for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Schwabl
- Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Teis
- Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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18
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Golgi Apparatus Regulates Plasma Membrane Composition and Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030368. [PMID: 35159178 PMCID: PMC8834378 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi apparatus is the central component of the mammalian secretory pathway and it regulates the biosynthesis of the plasma membrane through three distinct but interacting processes: (a) processing of protein and lipid cargoes; (b) creation of a sharp transition in membrane lipid composition by non-vesicular transport of lipids; and (c) vesicular sorting of proteins and lipids at the trans-Golgi network to target them to appropriate compartments. We discuss the molecules involved in these processes and their importance in physiology and development. We also discuss how mutations in these molecules affect plasma membrane composition and signaling leading to genetic diseases and cancer.
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19
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Uemura T, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Waguri S. Clathrin adapters AP-1 and GGA2 support expression of epidermal growth factor receptor for cell growth. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:80. [PMID: 34799560 PMCID: PMC8604998 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Golgi/endosome-localized clathrin adapters in the maintenance of steady-state cell surface epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is not well known. Here, we show that EGFR associates preferentially with both AP-1 and GGA2 in vitro. AP-1 depletion caused a reduction in the EGFR protein by promoting its lysosomal degradation. Triple immunofluorescence microscopy and proximity ligation assays demonstrated that the interaction of EGFR with AP-1 or GGA2 occurred more frequently in Rab11-positive recycling endosomes than in Rab5-positive early endosomes. Biochemical recycling assay revealed that the depletion of AP-1 or GGA2 significantly suppressed EGFR recycling to the plasma membrane regardless of the EGF stimulation. Depletion of AP-1 or GGA2 also reduced cell contents of other tyrosine kinases, MET and ErbB4, and therefore, suppressed the growth of H1975 cancer cells in culture and xenograft model. Moreover, AP-1 was expressed in endosomes at higher levels in some cancer tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that AP-1 and GGA2 function in recycling endosomes to retrieve endocytosed EGFR, thereby sustaining its cell surface expression and, consequently, cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Uemura
- grid.411582.b0000 0001 1017 9540Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- grid.509461.fBiomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- grid.509461.fBiomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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20
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Lujan P, Campelo F. Should I stay or should I go? Golgi membrane spatial organization for protein sorting and retention. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 707:108921. [PMID: 34038703 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is the membrane-bound organelle that lies at the center of the secretory pathway. Its main functions are to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis, to orchestrate protein processing and maturation, and to mediate protein sorting and export. These functions are not independent of one another, and they all require that the membranes of the Golgi complex have a well-defined biochemical composition. Importantly, a finely-regulated spatiotemporal organization of the Golgi membrane components is essential for the correct performance of the organelle. In here, we review our current mechanistic and molecular understanding of how Golgi membranes are spatially organized in the lateral and axial directions to fulfill their functions. In particular, we highlight the current evidence and proposed models of intra-Golgi transport, as well as the known mechanisms for the retention of Golgi residents and for the sorting and export of transmembrane cargo proteins. Despite the controversies, conflicting evidence, clashes between models, and technical limitations, the field has moved forward and we have gained extensive knowledge in this fascinating topic. However, there are still many important questions that remain to be completely answered. We hope that this review will help boost future investigations on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Lomoio S, Willen R, Kim W, Ho KZ, Robinson EK, Prokopenko D, Kennedy ME, Tanzi RE, Tesco G. Gga3 deletion and a GGA3 rare variant associated with late onset Alzheimer's disease trigger BACE1 accumulation in axonal swellings. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/570/eaba1871. [PMID: 33208500 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Axonal dystrophy, indicative of perturbed axonal transport, occurs early during Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this initial sign of the pathology. This study proves that Golgi-localized γ-ear-containing ARF binding protein 3 (GGA3) loss of function, due to Gga3 genetic deletion or a GGA3 rare variant that cosegregates with late-onset AD, disrupts the axonal trafficking of the β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) resulting in its accumulation in axonal swellings in cultured neurons and in vivo. We show that BACE pharmacological inhibition ameliorates BACE1 axonal trafficking and diminishes axonal dystrophies in Gga3 null neurons in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that axonal accumulation of BACE1 engendered by GGA3 loss of function results in local toxicity leading to axonopathy. Gga3 deletion exacerbates axonal dystrophies in a mouse model of AD before β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. Our study strongly supports a role for GGA3 in AD pathogenesis, where GGA3 loss of function triggers BACE1 axonal accumulation independently of extracellular Aβ, and initiates a cascade of events leading to the axonal damage distinctive of the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Lomoio
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Rachel Willen
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - WonHee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kevin Z Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Edward K Robinson
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Giuseppina Tesco
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Ugbaja SC, Lawal M, Kumalo H. An Overview of β-Amyloid Cleaving Enzyme 1 (Bace1) in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy Elucidating its Exosite-Binding Antibody and Allosteric Inhibitor. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:114-135. [PMID: 34102967 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210608145357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over decades of its identification, numerous past and ongoing researches have focused on the therapeutic roles of β-amyloid cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) as a target in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the initial BACE1 inhibitors at phase-3 clinical trials tremendously reduced β-amyloid-associated plaques in patients with AD, the researchers eventually discontinued the tests due to the lack of potency. This discontinuation has resulted in limited drug development and discovery targeted at BACE1, despite the high demand for dementia and AD therapies. It is, therefore, imperative to describe the detailed underlying biological basis of the BACE1 therapeutic option in neurological diseases. Herein, we highlight BACE1 bioactivity, genetic properties, and role in neurodegenerative therapy. We review research contributions to BACE1 exosite-binding antibody and allosteric inhibitor development as AD therapies. The review also covers BACE1 biological function, the disease-associated mechanisms, and the enzyme conditions for amyloid precursor protein sites splitting. Based on the present review, we suggest further studies on anti-BACE1 exosite antibodies and BACE1 allosteric inhibitors. Non-active site inhibition might be the way forward to BACE1 therapy in Alzheimer's neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Ugbaja
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Monsurat Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Hezekiel Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Arora D, Damme DV. Motif-based endomembrane trafficking. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:221-238. [PMID: 33605419 PMCID: PMC8154067 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endomembrane trafficking, which allows proteins and lipids to flow between the different endomembrane compartments, largely occurs by vesicle-mediated transport. Transmembrane proteins intended for transport are concentrated into a vesicle or carrier by undulation of a donor membrane. This is followed by vesicle scission, uncoating, and finally, fusion at the target membrane. Three major trafficking pathways operate inside eukaryotic cells: anterograde, retrograde, and endocytic. Each pathway involves a unique set of machinery and coat proteins that pack the transmembrane proteins, along with their associated lipids, into specific carriers. Adaptor and coatomer complexes are major facilitators that function in anterograde transport and in endocytosis. These complexes recognize the transmembrane cargoes destined for transport and recruit the coat proteins that help form the carriers. These complexes use either linear motifs or posttranslational modifications to recognize the cargoes, which are then packaged and delivered along the trafficking pathways. In this review, we focus on the different trafficking complexes that share a common evolutionary branch in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and we discuss up-to-date knowledge about the cargo recognition motifs they use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanksha Arora
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Daniёl Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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Roach TG, Lång HKM, Xiong W, Ryhänen SJ, Capelluto DGS. Protein Trafficking or Cell Signaling: A Dilemma for the Adaptor Protein TOM1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:643769. [PMID: 33718385 PMCID: PMC7952518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.643769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation of ubiquitinated transmembrane protein receptors (cargo) relies on the function of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) protein complexes. The ESCRT machinery is comprised of five unique oligomeric complexes with distinct functions. Target of Myb1 (TOM1) is an ESCRT protein involved in the initial steps of endosomal cargo sorting. To exert its function, TOM1 associates with ubiquitin moieties on the cargo via its VHS and GAT domains. Several ESCRT proteins, including TOLLIP, Endofin, and Hrs, have been reported to form a complex with TOM1 at early endosomal membrane surfaces, which may potentiate the role of TOM1 in cargo sorting. More recently, it was found that TOM1 is involved in other physiological processes, including autophagy, immune responses, and neuroinflammation, which crosstalk with its endosomal cargo sorting function. Alteration of TOM1 function has emerged as a phosphoinositide-dependent survival mechanism for bacterial infections and cancer progression. Based on current knowledge of TOM1-dependent cellular processes, this review illustrates how TOM1 functions in coordination with an array of protein partners under physiological and pathological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany G. Roach
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Heljä K. M. Lång
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children’s Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, The New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wen Xiong
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Samppa J. Ryhänen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children’s Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, The New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel G. S. Capelluto
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Hida T, Kamiya T, Kawakami A, Ogino J, Sohma H, Uhara H, Jimbow K. Elucidation of Melanogenesis Cascade for Identifying Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approach of Pigmentary Disorders and Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176129. [PMID: 32854423 PMCID: PMC7503925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the biological and biochemical process of melanin and melanosome biosynthesis. Melanin is formed by enzymic reactions of tyrosinase family proteins that convert tyrosine to form brown-black eumelanin and yellow-red pheomelanin within melanosomal compartments in melanocytes, following the cascades of events interacting with a series of autocrine and paracrine signals. Fully melanized melanosomes are delivered to keratinocytes of the skin and hair. The symbiotic relation of a melanocyte and an associated pool of keratinocytes is called epidermal melanin unit (EMU). Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) plays a vital role in melanocyte development and differentiation. MITF regulates expression of numerous pigmentation genes for promoting melanocyte differentiation, as well as fundamental genes for maintaining cell homeostasis. Diseases involving alterations of EMU show various forms of pigmentation phenotypes. This review introduces four major topics of melanogenesis cascade that include (1) melanocyte development and differentiation, (2) melanogenesis and intracellular trafficking for melanosome biosynthesis, (3) melanin pigmentation and pigment-type switching, and (4) development of a novel therapeutic approach for malignant melanoma by elucidation of melanogenesis cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokimasa Hida
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.U.)
| | - Takafumi Kamiya
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.U.)
| | - Akinori Kawakami
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
| | - Jiro Ogino
- Department of Pathology, JR Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo 060-0033, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Sohma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.U.)
| | - Kowichi Jimbow
- Institute of Dermatology & Cutaneous Sciences, Sapporo 060-0042, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-887-8266
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Maghsoudloo M, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Najafi A, Masoudi-Nejad A. An efficient hybrid feature selection method to identify potential biomarkers in common chronic lung inflammatory diseases. Genomics 2020; 112:3284-3293. [PMID: 32540493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are three serious lung inflammatory diseases. The understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism and the identification of potential prognostic biomarkers of these diseases can provide the patients with more efficient treatments. In this study, an efficient hybrid feature selection method was introduced in order to extract informative genes. We implemented an ontology-based ranking approach on differentially expressed genes following a wrapper method. The examination of the different gene ontologies and their combinations motivated us to propose a biological functional-based method to improve the performance of further wrapper methods. The results identified: TOM1L1, SRSF1, and GIT2 in asthma; CHCHD4, PAIP2, CRLF3, UBQLN4, TRAK1, PRELID1, VAMP4, CCM2, and APBB1IP in COPD; and TUFT1, GAB2, B4GALNT1, TNFRSF17, PRDM8, and SETDB2 in IPF as the potential biomarkers. The proposed method can be used to identify hub genes in other high-throughput datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran; Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran; Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Moulinier-Anzola J, Schwihla M, De-Araújo L, Artner C, Jörg L, Konstantinova N, Luschnig C, Korbei B. TOLs Function as Ubiquitin Receptors in the Early Steps of the ESCRT Pathway in Higher Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:717-731. [PMID: 32087370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein abundance and localization at the plasma membrane (PM) shapes plant development and mediates adaptation to changing environmental conditions. It is regulated by ubiquitination, a post-translational modification crucial for the proper sorting of endocytosed PM proteins to the vacuole for subsequent degradation. To understand the significance and the variety of roles played by this reversible modification, the function of ubiquitin receptors, which translate the ubiquitin signature into a cellular response, needs to be elucidated. In this study, we show that TOL (TOM1-like) proteins function in plants as multivalent ubiquitin receptors, governing ubiquitinated cargo delivery to the vacuole via the conserved Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) pathway. TOL2 and TOL6 interact with components of the ESCRT machinery and bind to K63-linked ubiquitin via two tandemly arranged conserved ubiquitin-binding domains. Mutation of these domains results not only in a loss of ubiquitin binding but also altered localization, abolishing TOL6 ubiquitin receptor activity. Function and localization of TOL6 is itself regulated by ubiquitination, whereby TOL6 ubiquitination potentially modulates degradation of PM-localized cargoes, assisting in the fine-tuning of the delicate interplay between protein recycling and downregulation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the function and regulation of a ubiquitin receptor that mediates vacuolar degradation of PM proteins in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Moulinier-Anzola
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Schwihla
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucinda De-Araújo
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Artner
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Jörg
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataliia Konstantinova
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Luschnig
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Korbei
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Uemura T, Waguri S. Emerging roles of Golgi/endosome-localizing monomeric clathrin adaptors GGAs. Anat Sci Int 2019; 95:12-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-019-00505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Zhang S, Yang L, Li L, Zhong K, Wang W, Liu M, Li Y, Liu X, Yu R, He J, Zhang H, Zheng X, Wang P, Zhang Z. System-Wide Characterization of MoArf GTPase Family Proteins and Adaptor Protein MoGga1 Involved in the Development and Pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae. mBio 2019; 10:e02398-19. [PMID: 31615964 PMCID: PMC6794486 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02398-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) small GTPase family members are involved in vesicle trafficking and organelle maintenance in organisms ranging from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to humans. A previous study identified Magnaporthe oryzae Arf6 (MoArf6) as one of the Arf proteins that regulates growth and conidiation in the rice blast fungus M. oryzae, but the remaining family proteins remain unknown. Here, we identified six additional Arf proteins, including MoArf1, MoArl1, MoArl3, MoArl8, MoCin4, and MoSar1, as well as their sole adaptor protein, MoGga1, and determined their shared and specific functions. We showed that the majority of these proteins exhibit positive regulatory functions, most notably, in growth. Importantly, MoArl1, MoCin4, and MoGga1 are involved in pathogenicity through the regulation of host penetration and invasive hyphal growth. MoArl1 and MoCin4 also regulate normal vesicle trafficking, and MoCin4 further controls the formation of the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC). Moreover, we showed that Golgi-cytoplasm cycling of MoArl1 is required for its function. Finally, we demonstrated that interactions between MoArf1 and MoArl1 with MoGga1 are important for Golgi localization and pathogenicity. Collectively, our findings revealed the shared and specific functions of Arf family members in M. oryzae and shed light on how these proteins function through conserved mechanisms to govern growth, transport, and virulence of the blast fungus.IMPORTANCEMagnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast, representing the most devastating diseases of rice worldwide, which results in losses of amounts of rice that could feed more than 60 million people each year. Arf (ADP ribosylation factor) small GTPase family proteins are involved in vesicle trafficking and organelle maintenance in eukaryotic cells. To investigate the function of Arf family proteins in M. oryzae, we systematically characterized all seven Arf proteins and found that they have shared and specific functions in governing the growth, development, and pathogenicity of the blast fungus. We have also identified the pathogenicity-related protein MoGga1 as the common adaptor of MoArf1 and MoArl1. Our findings are important because they provide the first comprehensive characterization of the Arf GTPase family proteins and their adaptor protein MoGga1 functioning in a plant-pathogenic fungus, which could help to reveal new fungicide targets to control this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaili Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialiang He
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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Dabirian Y, Gonçalves Teixeira P, Nielsen J, Siewers V, David F. FadR-Based Biosensor-Assisted Screening for Genes Enhancing Fatty Acyl-CoA Pools in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1788-1800. [PMID: 31314504 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-derived compounds have a range of industrial applications, from chemical building blocks to biofuels. Due to the highly dynamic nature of fatty acid metabolism, it is difficult to identify genes modulating fatty acyl-CoA levels using a rational approach. Metabolite biosensors can be used to screen genes from large-scale libraries in vivo in a high throughput manner. Here, a fatty acyl-CoA sensor based on the transcription factor FadR from Escherichia coli was established in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and combined with a gene overexpression library to screen for genes increasing the fatty acyl-CoA pool. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting, followed by data analysis, identified genes enhancing acyl-CoA levels. From these, overexpression of RTC3, GGA2, and LPP1 resulted in about 80% increased fatty alcohol levels. Changes in fatty acid saturation and chain length distribution could also be observed. These results indicate that the use of this acyl-CoA biosensor combined with a gene overexpression library allows for identification of gene targets improving production of fatty acids and derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Dabirian
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paulo Gonçalves Teixeira
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florian David
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biopetrolia AB, Kemivägen 10, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Pantazopoulou A, Glick BS. A Kinetic View of Membrane Traffic Pathways Can Transcend the Classical View of Golgi Compartments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:153. [PMID: 31448274 PMCID: PMC6691344 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing assumption is that the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus can be grouped into functionally distinct compartments, yet the molecular identities of those compartments have not been clearly described. The concept of a compartmentalized Golgi is challenged by the cisternal maturation model, which postulates that cisternae form de novo and then undergo progressive biochemical changes. Cisternal maturation can potentially be reconciled with Golgi compartmentation by defining compartments as discrete kinetic stages in the maturation process. These kinetic stages are distinguished by the traffic pathways that are operating. For example, a major transition occurs when a cisterna stops producing COPI vesicles and begins producing clathrin-coated vesicles. This transition separates one kinetic stage, the "early Golgi," from a subsequent kinetic stage, the "late Golgi" or "trans-Golgi network (TGN)." But multiple traffic pathways drive Golgi maturation, and the periods of operation for different traffic pathways can partially overlap, so there is no simple way to define a full set of Golgi compartments in terms of kinetic stages. Instead, we propose that the focus should be on the series of transitions experienced by a Golgi cisterna as various traffic pathways are switched on and off. These traffic pathways drive changes in resident transmembrane protein composition. Transitions in traffic pathways seem to be the fundamental, conserved determinants of Golgi organization. According to this view, the initial goal is to identify the relevant traffic pathways and place them on the kinetic map of Golgi maturation, and the ultimate goal is to elucidate the logic circuit that switches individual traffic pathways on and off as a cisterna matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Pantazopoulou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin S Glick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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32
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Cargo Sorting at the trans-Golgi Network for Shunting into Specific Transport Routes: Role of Arf Small G Proteins and Adaptor Complexes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060531. [PMID: 31163688 PMCID: PMC6627992 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is responsible for selectively recruiting newly synthesized cargo into transport carriers for delivery to their appropriate destination. In addition, the TGN is responsible for receiving and recycling cargo from endosomes. The membrane organization of the TGN facilitates the sorting of cargoes into distinct populations of transport vesicles. There have been significant advances in defining the molecular mechanism involved in the recognition of membrane cargoes for recruitment into different populations of transport carriers. This machinery includes cargo adaptors of the adaptor protein (AP) complex family, and monomeric Golgi-localized γ ear-containing Arf-binding protein (GGA) family, small G proteins, coat proteins, as well as accessory factors to promote budding and fission of transport vesicles. Here, we review this literature with a particular focus on the transport pathway(s) mediated by the individual cargo adaptors and the cargo motifs recognized by these adaptors. Defects in these cargo adaptors lead to a wide variety of diseases.
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Zaoui K, Duhamel S, Parachoniak CA, Park M. CLIP-170 spatially modulates receptor tyrosine kinase recycling to coordinate cell migration. Traffic 2019; 20:187-201. [PMID: 30537020 PMCID: PMC6519375 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocytic sorting of activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), alternating between recycling and degradative processes, controls signal duration, location and surface complement of RTKs. The microtubule (MT) plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) play essential roles in various cellular activities including translocation of intracellular cargo. However, mechanisms through which RTKs recycle back to the plasma membrane following internalization in response to ligand remain poorly understood. We report that net outward-directed movement of endocytic vesicles containing the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) Met RTK, requires recruitment of the +TIP, CLIP-170, as well as the association of CLIP-170 to MT plus-ends. In response to HGF, entry of Met into Rab4-positive endosomes results in Golgi-localized γ-ear-containing Arf-binding protein 3 (GGA3) and CLIP-170 recruitment to an activated Met RTK complex. We conclude that CLIP-170 co-ordinates the recycling and the transport of Met-positive endocytic vesicles to plus-ends of MTs towards the cell cortex, including the plasma membrane and the lamellipodia, thereby promoting cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kossay Zaoui
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Stephanie Duhamel
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Christine A. Parachoniak
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Morag Park
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of OncologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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Cleverley RM, Rutter ZJ, Rismondo J, Corona F, Tsui HCT, Alatawi FA, Daniel RA, Halbedel S, Massidda O, Winkler ME, Lewis RJ. The cell cycle regulator GpsB functions as cytosolic adaptor for multiple cell wall enzymes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:261. [PMID: 30651563 PMCID: PMC6335420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial growth and cell division requires precise spatiotemporal regulation of the synthesis and remodelling of the peptidoglycan layer that surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane. GpsB is a cytosolic protein that affects cell wall synthesis by binding cytoplasmic mini-domains of peptidoglycan synthases to ensure their correct subcellular localisation. Here, we describe critical structural features for the interaction of GpsB with peptidoglycan synthases from three bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and suggest their importance for cell wall growth and viability in L. monocytogenes and S. pneumoniae. We use these structural motifs to identify novel partners of GpsB in B. subtilis and extend the members of the GpsB interactome in all three bacterial species. Our results support that GpsB functions as an adaptor protein that mediates the interaction between membrane proteins, scaffolding proteins, signalling proteins and enzymes to generate larger protein complexes at specific sites in a bacterial cell cycle-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Cleverley
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Zoe J Rutter
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jeanine Rismondo
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
- Section of Microbiology and MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2DD, UK
| | - Federico Corona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, 09100, Italy
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | | | - Fuad A Alatawi
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Richard A Daniel
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Sven Halbedel
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Orietta Massidda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, 09100, Italy
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Italy
| | - Malcolm E Winkler
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Integrative Genomic Analyses Identifies GGA2 as a Cooperative Driver of EGFR-Mediated Lung Tumorigenesis. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:656-671. [PMID: 30578931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeted therapies for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have improved patient outcomes; however, drug resistance remains a major problem. One strategy to achieve durable response is to develop combination-based therapies that target both mutated oncogenes and key modifiers of oncogene-driven tumorigenesis. This is based on the premise that mutated oncogenes, although necessary, are not sufficient for malignant transformation. We aimed to uncover genetic alterations that cooperate with mutant EGFR during LUAD development. METHODS We performed integrative genomic analyses, combining copy number, gene expression and mutational information for over 500 LUAD tumors. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis were performed in LUAD cell lines to confirm candidate interactions while RNA interference and gene overexpression were used for in vitro and in vivo functional assessment. RESULTS We identified frequent amplifications/deletions of chromosomal regions affecting the activity of genes specifically in the context of EGFR mutation, including amplification of the mutant EGFR allele and deletion of dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), which have both previously been reported. In addition, we identified the novel amplification of a segment of chromosome arm 16p in mutant-EGFR tumors corresponding to increased expression of Golgi Associated, Gamma Adaptin Ear Containing, ARF Binding Protein 2 (GGA2), which functions in protein trafficking and sorting. We found that GGA2 interacts with EGFR, increases EGFR protein levels and modifies EGFR degradation after ligand stimulation. Furthermore, we show that overexpression of GGA2 enhances EGFR mediated transformation while GGA2 knockdown reduces the colony and tumor forming ability of EGFR mutant LUAD. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that overexpression of GGA2 in LUAD tumors results in the accumulation of EGFR protein and increased EGFR signaling, which helps drive tumor progression. Thus, GGA2 plays a cooperative role with EGFR during LUAD development and is a potential therapeutic target for combination-based strategies in LUAD.
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Horowitz B, Javitt G, Ilani T, Gat Y, Morgenstern D, Bard FA, Fass D. Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) glycosite mutation perturbs secretion but not Golgi localization. Glycobiology 2018; 28:580-591. [PMID: 29757379 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds in protein substrates. Unlike other enzymes with related activities, which are commonly found in the endoplasmic reticulum, QSOX1 is localized to the Golgi apparatus or secreted. QSOX1 is upregulated in quiescent fibroblast cells and secreted into the extracellular environment, where it contributes to extracellular matrix assembly. QSOX1 is also upregulated in adenocarcinomas, though the extent to which it is secreted in this context is currently unknown. To achieve a better understanding of factors that dictate QSOX1 localization and function, we aimed to determine how post-translational modifications affect QSOX1 trafficking and activity. We found a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site to be required for QSOX1 secretion from fibroblasts and other cell types. Notably, QSOX1 lacking a glycan at this site arrives at the Golgi, suggesting that it passes endoplasmic reticulum quality control but is not further transported to the cell surface for secretion. The QSOX1 transmembrane segment is dispensable for Golgi localization and secretion, as fully luminal and transmembrane variants displayed the same trafficking behavior. This study provides a key example of the effect of glycosylation on Golgi exit and contributes to an understanding of late secretory sorting and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Horowitz
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabriel Javitt
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Ilani
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yair Gat
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Morgenstern
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Frederic A Bard
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Deborah Fass
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Isobe M, Lee S, Waguri S, Kametaka S. Clathrin adaptor GGA1 modulates myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207533. [PMID: 30440034 PMCID: PMC6237421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During myogenesis, myogenic stem cells undergo several sequential events, including cell division, migration, and cell-cell fusion, leading to the formation of multinuclear myotubes, which are the precursors of myofibers. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these complex processes, an RNA interference-based gene depletion approach was used. Golgi associated, gamma adaptin ear containing, ARF binding protein 1 (GGA1), a Golgi-resident monomeric clathrin adaptor, was found to be required for the process of myotube formation in C2C12 cells, a cultured murine myoblast cell line. Gga1 mRNA expression was upregulated during myogenesis, and Gga1 depletion prevented the formation of large multi-nucleated myotubes. Moreover, inhibition of lysosomal proteases in Gga1 knockdown myoblasts increased the amount of insulin receptor, suggesting that GGA1 is involved in the cell surface expression and sorting of the insulin receptor. These results suggested that GGA1 plays a significant role in the formation and maturation of myotubes by targeting the insulin receptor to the cell surface to establish functionally mature myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Isobe
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Lee
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kametaka
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Iyer P, Bhave M, Jain BK, RoyChowdhury S, Bhattacharyya D. Vps74p controls Golgi size in an Arf1‐dependent manner. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3720-3735. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Iyer
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar Mumbai India
| | - Madhura Bhave
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar Mumbai India
| | - Bhawik Kumar Jain
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar Mumbai India
| | - Sudeshna RoyChowdhury
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar Mumbai India
| | - Dibyendu Bhattacharyya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar Mumbai India
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UEMURA T, SAWADA N, SAKABA T, KAMETAKA S, YAMAMOTO M, WAGURI S. Intracellular localization of GGA accessory protein p56 in cell lines and central nervous system neurons . Biomed Res 2018; 39:179-187. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.39.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi UEMURA
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Naoki SAWADA
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takao SAKABA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi KAMETAKA
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Masaya YAMAMOTO
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi WAGURI
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
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Secretory Vesicle Polar Sorting, Endosome Recycling and Cytoskeleton Organization Require the AP-1 Complex in Aspergillus nidulans. Genetics 2018; 209:1121-1138. [PMID: 29925567 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The AP-1 complex is essential for membrane protein traffic via its role in the pinching-off and sorting of secretory vesicles (SVs) from the trans-Golgi and/or endosomes. While its essentiality is undisputed in metazoa, its role in simpler eukaryotes seems less clear. Here, we dissect the role of AP-1 in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans and show that it is absolutely essential for growth due to its role in clathrin-dependent maintenance of polar traffic of specific membrane cargoes toward the apex of growing hyphae. We provide evidence that AP-1 is involved in both anterograde sorting of RabERab11-labeled SVs and RabA/BRab5-dependent endosome recycling. Additionally, AP-1 is shown to be critical for microtubule and septin organization, further rationalizing its essentiality in cells that face the challenge of cytoskeleton-dependent polarized cargo traffic. This work also opens a novel issue on how nonpolar cargoes, such as transporters, are sorted to the eukaryotic plasma membrane.
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Neurotrophin Responsiveness of Sympathetic Neurons Is Regulated by Rapid Mobilization of the p75 Receptor to the Cell Surface through TrkA Activation of Arf6. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5606-5619. [PMID: 29789375 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0788-16.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) plays an integral role in patterning the sympathetic nervous system during development. Initially, p75NTR is expressed at low levels as sympathetic axons project toward their targets, which enables neurotrophin-3 (NT3) to activate TrkA receptors and promote growth. Upon reaching nerve growth factor (NGF) producing tissues, p75NTR is upregulated, resulting in formation of TrkA-p75 complexes, which are high-affinity binding sites selective for NGF, thereby blunting NT3 signaling. The level of p75NTR expressed on the neuron surface is instrumental in regulating trophic factor response; however, the mechanisms by which p75NTR expression is regulated are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a rapid, translation independent increase in surface expression of p75NTR in response to NGF in rat sympathetic neurons. p75NTR was mobilized to the neuron surface from GGA3-postitive vesicles through activation of the GTPase Arf6, which was stimulated by NGF, but not NT3 binding to TrkA. Arf6 activation required PI3 kinase activity and was prevented by an inhibitor of the cytohesin family of Arf6 guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Overexpression of a constitutively active Arf6 mutant (Q67L) was sufficient to significantly increase surface expression of p75NTR even in the absence of NGF. Functionally, expression of active Arf6 markedly attenuated the ability of NT3 to promote neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth, whereas the NGF response was unaltered. These data suggest that NGF activation of Arf6 through TrkA is critical for the increase in p75NTR surface expression that enables the switch in neurotrophin responsiveness during development in the sympathetic nervous system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT p75NTR is instrumental in the regulation of neuronal survival and apoptosis during development and is also implicated as a contributor to aberrant neurodegeneration in numerous conditions. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms that mediate p75NTR surface availability may provide insight into how and why neurodegenerative processes manifest and reveal new therapeutic targets. Results from this study indicate a novel mechanism by which p75NTR can be rapidly shuttled to the cell surface from existing intracellular pools and explores a unique pathway by which NGF regulates the sympathetic innervation of target tissues, which has profound consequences for the function of these organs.
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von Einem B, Eschbach J, Kiechle M, Wahler A, Thal DR, McLean PJ, Weishaupt JH, Ludolph AC, von Arnim CAF, Danzer KM. The Golgi-localized, gamma ear-containing, ARF-binding (GGA) protein family alters alpha synuclein (α-syn) oligomerization and secretion. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1677-1697. [PMID: 28722658 PMCID: PMC5559169 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several age-related neurodegenerative disorders are associated with protein misfolding and aggregation of toxic peptides. α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and the resulting cytotoxicity is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as dementia with Lewy bodies. Rising evidence points to oligomeric and pre-fibrillar forms as the pathogenic species, and oligomer secretion seems to be crucial for the spreading and progression of PD pathology. Recent studies implicate that dysfunctions in endolysosomal/autophagosomal pathways increase α-syn secretion. Mutation in the retromer-complex protein VPS35, which is involved in endosome to Golgi transport, was suggested to cause familial PD. GGA proteins regulate vesicular traffic between Golgi and endosomes and might work as antagonists for retromer complex mediated transport. To investigate the role of the GGAs in the α-syn oligomerization and/or secretion process we utilized protein-fragment complementation assays (PCA). We here demonstrate that GGAs alter α-syn oligomer secretion and α-syn oligomer-mediated toxicity. Specifically, we determined that GGA3 modifies extracellular α-syn species in an exosome-independent manner. Our data suggest that GGA3 drives α-syn oligomerization in endosomal compartments and thus facilitates α-syn oligomer secretion. Preventing the early events in α-syn oligomer release may be a novel approach to halt disease spreading in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Kiechle
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Anke Wahler
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology - Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Pamela J McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
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Compeer EB, Kraus F, Ecker M, Redpath G, Amiezer M, Rother N, Nicovich PR, Kapoor-Kaushik N, Deng Q, Samson GPB, Yang Z, Lou J, Carnell M, Vartoukian H, Gaus K, Rossy J. A mobile endocytic network connects clathrin-independent receptor endocytosis to recycling and promotes T cell activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1597. [PMID: 29686427 PMCID: PMC5913236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis of surface receptors and their polarized recycling back to the plasma membrane are central to many cellular processes, such as cell migration, cytokinesis, basolateral polarity of epithelial cells and T cell activation. Little is known about the mechanisms that control the organization of recycling endosomes and how they connect to receptor endocytosis. Here, we follow the endocytic journey of the T cell receptor (TCR), from internalization at the plasma membrane to recycling back to the immunological synapse. We show that TCR triggering leads to its rapid uptake through a clathrin-independent pathway. Immediately after internalization, TCR is incorporated into a mobile and long-lived endocytic network demarked by the membrane-organizing proteins flotillins. Although flotillins are not required for TCR internalization, they are necessary for its recycling to the immunological synapse. We further show that flotillins are essential for T cell activation, supporting TCR nanoscale organization and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud B Compeer
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Felix Kraus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Manuela Ecker
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gregory Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mayan Amiezer
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Nils Rother
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip R Nicovich
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Natasha Kapoor-Kaushik
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Qiji Deng
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jieqiong Lou
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Carnell
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Haig Vartoukian
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jérémie Rossy
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
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GGA2 interacts with EGFR cytoplasmic domain to stabilize the receptor expression and promote cell growth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1368. [PMID: 29358589 PMCID: PMC5778047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and its downregulation upon ligand binding have been extensively documented. However, the mechanisms by which cells maintain steady-state EGFR expression remain poorly understood. Here, we report a novel role of Golgi-localized, γ-adaptin ear-containing, ADP ribosylation factor-binding protein 2 (GGA2) in the control of EGFR turnover. Whereas GGA1- or GGA3-depletion increased EGFR expression, GGA2-depletion by RNAi greatly reduced steady-state expression of EGFR, reflecting enhanced lysosomal degradation of EGFR. Subsequent pull-down assays showed interactions of VHS-GAT domains from three GGAs with the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane region (jxt) of EGFR, which was dependent on N108 in the VHS domain. Proximity ligation assay also revealed the steady-state interaction between GGA2 and EGFR in situ. Moreover, reduced expression of EGFR in GGA2-depleted cells was reversed by additional depletion of GGA1 or GGA3, suggesting that GGA1 and GGA3 promote EGFR degradation. In addition, GGA2-depleted cells had reduced EGF signaling and cell proliferation in cell culture and xenograft experiments. Finally, GGA2 was upregulated in 30.8% of human hepatocellular carcinomas and 23.3% of colorectal cancers. Together, these results indicate that GGA2 supports cell growth by interacting with EGFR for sustaining the receptor expression.
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Minogue S. The Many Roles of Type II Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinases in Membrane Trafficking: New Tricks for Old Dogs. Bioessays 2017; 40. [PMID: 29280156 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4KIIs) produce the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) and participate in a confusing variety of membrane trafficking and signaling roles. This review argues that both historical and contemporary evidence supports the function of the PI4KIIs in numerous trafficking pathways, and that the key to understanding the enzymatic regulation is through membrane interaction and the intrinsic membrane environment. By summarizing new research and examining the trafficking roles of the PI4KIIs in the context of recently solved molecular structures, I highlight how mechanisms of PI4KII function and regulation are providing insights into the development of cancer and in neurological disease. I present an integrated view connecting the cell biology, molecular regulation, and roles in whole animal systems of these increasingly important proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Minogue
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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Mattera R, Park SY, De Pace R, Guardia CM, Bonifacino JS. AP-4 mediates export of ATG9A from the trans-Golgi network to promote autophagosome formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10697-E10706. [PMID: 29180427 PMCID: PMC5740629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717327114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AP-4 is a member of the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complex family involved in protein sorting in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. Interest in AP-4 has recently risen with the discovery that mutations in any of its four subunits cause a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with intellectual disability. The critical sorting events mediated by AP-4 and the pathogenesis of AP-4 deficiency, however, remain poorly understood. Here we report the identification of ATG9A, the only multispanning membrane component of the core autophagy machinery, as a specific AP-4 cargo. AP-4 promotes signal-mediated export of ATG9A from the trans-Golgi network to the peripheral cytoplasm, contributing to lipidation of the autophagy protein LC3B and maturation of preautophagosomal structures. These findings implicate AP-4 as a regulator of autophagy and altered autophagy as a possible defect in AP-4-deficient HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mattera
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sang Yoon Park
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Toh WH, Chia PZC, Hossain MI, Gleeson PA. GGA1 regulates signal-dependent sorting of BACE1 to recycling endosomes, which moderates Aβ production. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 29:191-208. [PMID: 29142073 PMCID: PMC5909931 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversion of the membrane-bound β-site amyloid precursor protein-(APP) cleaving enzyme (BACE1) from the endolysosomal pathway to recycling endosomes represents an important transport step in the regulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) production. However, the mechanisms that regulate endosome sorting of BACE1 are poorly understood. Here we assessed the transport of BACE1 from early to recycling endosomes and have identified essential roles for the sorting nexin 4 (SNX4)-mediated, signal-independent pathway and for a novel signal-mediated pathway. The signal-mediated pathway is regulated by the phosphorylation of the DXXLL-motif sequence DISLL in the cytoplasmic tail of BACE1. The phosphomimetic S498D BACE1 mutant was trafficked to recycling endosomes at a faster rate compared with wild-type BACE1 or the nonphosphorylatable S498A mutant. The rapid transit of BACE1 S498D from early endosomes was coupled with reduced levels of amyloid precursor protein processing and Aβ production, compared with the S498A mutant. We show that the adaptor, GGA1, and retromer are essential to mediate rapid trafficking of phosphorylated BACE1 to recycling endosomes. In addition, the BACE1 DISLL motif is phosphorylated and regulates endosomal trafficking, in primary neurons. Therefore, post-translational phosphorylation of DISLL enhances the exit of BACE1 from early endosomes, a pathway mediated by GGA1 and retromer, which is important in regulating Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong Toh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Pei Zhi Cheryl Chia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Sun J, Roy S. The physical approximation of APP and BACE-1: A key event in alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 78:340-347. [PMID: 29106038 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble deposits of Amyloid β (Aβ) in brains. Aβ is derived by sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site secretase enzyme (BACE-1) and γ-secretase. Proteolytic processing of APP by BACE-1 is the rate-limiting step in Aβ production, and this pathway is a prime target for AD drug development. Both APP and BACE-1 are membrane-spanning proteins, transported via secretory and endocytic pathways; and the physical interaction of APP and BACE-1 during trafficking is a key cell biological event initiating the amyloidogenic pathway. Here, we highlight recent research on intracellular trafficking/sorting of APP and BACE-1, and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways might lead to enhanced convergence of APP and BACE-1, and subsequent β-cleavage of APP. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 340-347, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Subhojit Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
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Selyunin AS, Iles LR, Bartholomeusz G, Mukhopadhyay S. Genome-wide siRNA screen identifies UNC50 as a regulator of Shiga toxin 2 trafficking. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3249-3262. [PMID: 28883040 PMCID: PMC5626549 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxins produced by Shigella bacteria undergo endosome-to-Golgi retrograde trafficking to evade degradation in the lysosome and reach the cytosol. Selyunin et al. performed a genome-wide siRNA screen and identify host factors required for the transport and toxicity of Shiga toxins. Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (STx1 and STx2) undergo retrograde trafficking to reach the cytosol. Early endosome-to-Golgi transport allows the toxins to evade degradation in lysosomes. Targeting this trafficking step has therapeutic promise, but the mechanism of trafficking for the more potent toxin STx2 is unclear. To identify host factors required for early endosome-to-Golgi trafficking of STx2, we performed a viability-based genome-wide siRNA screen in HeLa cells. 564, 535, and 196 genes were found to be required for toxicity induced by STx1 only, STx2 only, and both toxins, respectively. We focused on validating endosome/Golgi-localized hits specific for STx2 and found that depletion of UNC50 blocked early endosome-to-Golgi trafficking and induced lysosomal degradation of STx2. UNC50 acted by recruiting GBF1, an ADP ribosylation factor–guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF), to the Golgi. These results provide new information about STx2 trafficking mechanisms and may advance efforts to generate therapeutically viable toxin-trafficking inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Selyunin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Lakesla R Iles
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX .,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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50
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Mahmoud IS, Louber J, Dower SK, Verhagen AM, Gleeson PA. Signal dependent transport of a membrane cargo from early endosomes to recycling endosomes. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:418-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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