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Ye Y, Li M, Chen W, Wang H, He X, Liu N, Guo Z, Zheng C. Natural polysaccharides as promising reno-protective agents for the treatment of various kidney injury. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107301. [PMID: 39009291 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Renal injury, a prevalent clinical outcome with multifactorial etiology, imposes a substantial burden on society. Currently, there remains a lack of effective management and treatments. Extensive research has emphasized the diverse biological effects of natural polysaccharides, which exhibit promising potential for mitigating renal damage. This review commences with the pathogenesis of four common renal diseases and the shared mechanisms underlying renal injury. The renoprotective roles of polysaccharides in vivo and in vitro are summarized in the following five aspects: anti-oxidative stress effects, anti-apoptotic effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-fibrotic effects, and gut modulatory effects. Furthermore, we explore the structure-activity relationship and bioavailability of polysaccharides in relation to renal injury, as well as investigate their utility as biomaterials for alleviating renal injury. The clinical experiments of polysaccharides applied to patients with chronic kidney disease are also reviewed. Broadly, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on the research direction of natural polysaccharides in the context of renal injury, with the primary aim to serve as a reference for the clinical development of polysaccharides as pharmaceuticals and prebiotics for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ye
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Maoting Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Nephrology, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 338 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuhui He
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nanmei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 338 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Su Y, Li S, Li X, Zhou JY, Chauhan VP, Li M, Su YH, Liu CM, Ren YF, Yin W, Rimer JD, Cai T. Tartronic Acid as a Potential Inhibitor of Pathological Calcium Oxalate Crystallization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400642. [PMID: 38647258 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Kidney stones are a pervasive disease with notoriously high recurrence rates that require more effective treatment strategies. Herein, tartronic acid is introduced as an efficient inhibitor of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystallization, which is the most prevalent constituent of human kidney stones. A combination of in situ experimental techniques and simulations are employed to compare the inhibitory effects of tartronic acid with those of its molecular analogs. Tartronic acid exhibits an affinity for binding to rapidly growing apical surfaces of COM crystals, thus setting it apart from other inhibitors such as citric acid, the current preventative treatment for kidney stones. Bulk crystallization and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements confirm the mechanism by which tartronic acid interacts with COM crystal surfaces and inhibits growth. These findings are consistent with in vivo studies that reveal the efficacy of tartronic acid is similar to that of citric acid in mouse models of hyperoxaluria regarding their inhibitory effect on stone formation and alleviating stone-related physical harm. In summary, these findings highlight the potential of tartronic acid as a promising alternative to citric acid for the management of calcium oxalate nephropathies, offering a new option for clinical intervention in cases of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xin Li
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Jing-Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Vraj P Chauhan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ya-Hui Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chun-Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yi-Fei Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wu Yin
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Jeffrey D Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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Shi Y, Wu C, Shi J, Gao T, Ma H, Li L, Zhao Y. Protein phosphorylation and kinases: Potential therapeutic targets in necroptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176508. [PMID: 38493913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a pivotal contributor to the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including those affecting the nervous system, cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, and kidneys. Extensive investigations have elucidated the mechanisms and physiological ramifications of necroptosis. Among these, protein phosphorylation emerges as a paramount regulatory process, facilitating the activation or inhibition of specific proteins through the addition of phosphate groups to their corresponding amino acid residues. Currently, the targeting of kinases has gained recognition as a firmly established and efficacious therapeutic approach for diverse diseases, notably cancer. In this comprehensive review, we elucidate the intricate role of phosphorylation in governing key molecular players in the necroptotic pathway. Moreover, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in the development of kinase inhibitors aimed at modulating necroptosis. Lastly, we deliberate on the prospects and challenges associated with the utilization of kinase inhibitors to modulate necroptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Shi
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Chengkun Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiayi Shi
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Taotao Gao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Huabin Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Long Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
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4
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Desenclos J, Forté V, Clément C, Daudon M, Letavernier E. Pathophysiology and management of enteric hyperoxaluria. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102322. [PMID: 38503362 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Enteric hyperoxaluria is a metabolic disorder resulting from conditions associated with fatty acid malabsorption and characterized by an increased urinary output of oxalate. Oxalate is excessively absorbed in the gut and then excreted in urine where it forms calcium oxalate crystals, inducing kidney stones formation and crystalline nephropathies. Enteric hyperoxaluria is probably underdiagnosed and may silently damage kidney function of patients affected by bowel diseases. Moreover, the prevalence of enteric hyperoxaluria has increased because of the development of bariatric surgical procedures. Therapeutic options are based on the treatment of the underlying disease, limitation of oxalate intakes, increase in calcium salts intakes but also increase in urine volume and correction of hypocitraturia. There are few data regarding the natural evolution of kidney stone events and chronic kidney disease in these patients, and there is a need for new treatments limiting kidney injury by calcium oxalate crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Desenclos
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris F-75020, France
| | - Valentine Forté
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris F-75020, France
| | - Cécile Clément
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris F-75020, France
| | - Michel Daudon
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris F-75020, France; INSERM, UMR S 1155, Paris F-75020, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris F-75020, France; INSERM, UMR S 1155, Paris F-75020, France; Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1155, Paris F-75020, France.
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Nasr SH, Valeri AM, Said SM, Sethi S, Nath KA, Lieske JC, Bu L. Clinicopathologic Characteristics, Etiologies, and Outcome of Secondary Oxalate Nephropathy. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:593-606. [PMID: 38310502 PMCID: PMC11017309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinicopathologic characteristics, prognostic indicators, prognosis, and transplant outcome of secondary oxalate nephropathy (ON). PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 113 consecutive patients with secondary ON diagnosed at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, between January 1, 2001, and March 1, 2023. RESULTS The incidence of secondary ON among all native biopsies from Mayo Clinic patients over the study period (n=11,617) was 0.97%. ON was attributed to enteric hyperoxaluria in 60% of the 113 patients (68; most commonly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass), excessive ingestion of foods high in oxalate or oxalate precursors in 23% (26) (most commonly vitamin C), and idiopathic in 17% (19). Most patients presented with acute kidney injury (AKI) (particularly in the ingestion group) or AKI on chronic kidney disease, and 53% (60 of 113) were diabetic. Calcium oxalate crystals were accompanied by acute tubular injury, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Concurrent pathologic conditions were present in 53% of the patients (60 of 113), most commonly diabetic nephropathy. After a median follow-up of 36 months, 27% of the patients (30 of 112) had kidney recovery, 19% (21 of 112) had persistent kidney dysfunction, 54% (61 of 112) had development of kidney failure, and 29% (32 of 112) died. The mean kidney survival was worse for patients with a concurrent pathologic lesion (30 months vs 96 months for those without a concurrent pathologic lesion; P<.001). Independent predictors of kidney failure were the degree of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and nadir estimated glomerular filtration rate but not the degree of crystal deposition. After a median follow-up of 58 months in 23 patients who received kidney transplant, 4 had graft loss (due to ON in 3). The 2-, 5-, and 10-year graft survivals were 90% (18 of 20), 79% (11 of 14), and 50% (6 of 12). CONCLUSION ON is a rare cause of AKI or AKI on chronic kidney disease. Most patients have comorbid pathologic conditions, particularly diabetic nephropathy, which worsen the prognosis. Recurrence in the renal allograft and graft loss may occur if hyperoxaluria is not controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samih H Nasr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Anthony M Valeri
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Samar M Said
- Department of Pathology, Olmsted Medical Center, Rochester, MN
| | - Sanjeev Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Karl A Nath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John C Lieske
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lihong Bu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Xu Y, Liang H, Mao X, Chen Y, Hou B, Hao Z. Molecular mechanism of Rhizoma Polygonati in the treatment of nephrolithiasis: network pharmacology analysis and in vivo experimental verification. Urolithiasis 2024; 52:35. [PMID: 38376588 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Rhizoma Polygonati (RP) is the dried rhizome of the liliaceous plant. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects. But its role in kidney stones has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of RP in the treatment of nephrolithiasis through network pharmacological analysis and in vivo experiments. The active compounds and protein targets of RP, as well as the potential targets of the nephrolithiasis were searched from the database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram and the drug-compounds-targets-disease network were constructed. The enrichment analysis was performed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Subsequently, the effect of RP on the prevention and treatment of nephrolithiasis was experimentally validated in vivo. Animal experiments showed that RP ameliorates renal function and reduced crystal deposition in a mouse model. It may act through anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. Our study showed that RP could prevent and treat nephrolithiasis by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation, which provided a new efficacy and clinical application for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexian Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hu Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xike Mao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Bingbing Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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7
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He J, Cao Y, Zhu Q, Wang X, Cheng G, Wang Q, He R, Lu H, Weng Y, Mao G, Bao Y, Wang J, Liu X, Han F, Shi P, Shen XZ. Renal macrophages monitor and remove particles from urine to prevent tubule obstruction. Immunity 2024; 57:106-123.e7. [PMID: 38159573 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
When the filtrate of the glomerulus flows through the renal tubular system, various microscopic sediment particles, including mineral crystals, are generated. Dislodging these particles is critical to ensuring the free flow of filtrate, whereas failure to remove them will result in kidney stone formation and obstruction. However, the underlying mechanism for the clearance is unclear. Here, using high-resolution microscopy, we found that the juxtatubular macrophages in the renal medulla constitutively formed transepithelial protrusions and "sampled" urine contents. They efficiently sequestered and phagocytosed intraluminal sediment particles and occasionally transmigrated to the tubule lumen to escort the excretion of urine particles. Mice with decreased renal macrophage numbers were prone to developing various intratubular sediments, including kidney stones. Mechanistically, the transepithelial behaviors of medulla macrophages required integrin β1-mediated ligation to the tubular epithelium. These findings indicate that medulla macrophages sample urine content and remove intratubular particles to keep the tubular system unobstructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinge Wang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rukun He
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Lu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuancheng Weng
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhong Bao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Han
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Yan X, Xia Y, Li B, Ye Z, Li L, Yuan T, Song B, Yu W, Rao T, Ning J, Lin F, Mei S, Mao Z, Zhou X, Li W, Cheng F. The SOX4/EZH2/SLC7A11 signaling axis mediates ferroptosis in calcium oxalate crystal deposition-induced kidney injury. J Transl Med 2024; 22:9. [PMID: 38169402 PMCID: PMC10763321 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is reported to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases, including renal cell carcinoma, acute kidney injury, renal fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy, and lupus nephritis. However, the role of epigenetic regulation in calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition-induced kidney injury remains unclear. Our study demonstrated that the upregulation of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-mediated ferroptosis facilitates CaOx-induced kidney injury. CaOx crystal deposition promoted ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Usage of liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1), a ferroptosis inhibitor, mitigated CaOx-induced kidney damage. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing, RNA-sequencing, immunohistochemical and western blotting analyses revealed that EZH2 was upregulated in kidney stone patients, kidney stone mice, and oxalate-stimulated HK-2 cells. Experiments involving in vivo EZH2 knockout, in vitro EZH2 knockdown, and in vivo GSK-126 (an EZH2 inhibitor) treatment confirmed the protective effects of EZH2 inhibition on kidney injury and ferroptosis. Mechanistically, the results of RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that EZH2 regulates ferroptosis by suppressing solute carrier family 7, member 11 (SLC7A11) expression through trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) modification. Additionally, SOX4 regulated ferroptosis by directly modulating EZH2 expression. Thus, this study demonstrated that SOX4 facilitates ferroptosis in CaOx-induced kidney injury through EZH2/H3K27me3-mediated suppression of SLC7A11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Yan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bojun Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Ye
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhui Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyou Lin
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Mei
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Xiong P, Zheng YY, Ouyang JM. Carboxylated Pocoa polysaccharides inhibited oxidative damage and inflammation of HK-2 cells induced by calcium oxalate nanoparticles. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115865. [PMID: 37972469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of Chinese medicine Pocoa (PCPs) with different carboxyl group (-COOH) contents on oxidative damage and inflammatory response of renal epithelial cells and the influence of -COOH content in polysaccharides were investigated. HK-2 cell damage model was established by nanocalcium oxalate crystals (nanoCOM), and then PCPs with -COOH contents of 2.56% (PCP0), 7.48% (PCP1), 12.07% (PCP2), and 17.18% (PCP3) were used to protect the cells. PCPs could inhibit the damage of nanoCOM to HK-2 cells, increase cell viability, restore cytoskeleton and morphology, and improve lysosomal integrity. PCPs can reduce the oxidative stress response of nanoCOM to cells, inhibit the opening of mPTP and cell necrotic apoptosis, reduce the level of Ca2+ ions in cells, the production of ATP and MDA, and increase SOD expression. PCPs can also reduce the cellular inflammatory response caused by oxidative damage, and reduce the expression of nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1, as well as the content of inflammasome NLRP3. After protection, PCPs can inhibit the endocytosis of nanoCOM crystals by cells. With the increase in -COOH content in PCPs, its ability to inhibit nanoCOM cell damage, reduce oxidative stress, reduce inflammatory response, and inhibit crystal endocytosis increases, that is, PCP3 with the highest -COOH content, shows the best biological activity. Inhibiting cell damage and inflammation and reducing a large amount of endocytosis of crystals by cells are beneficial to inhibit the formation of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiong
- Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Yun Zheng
- Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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10
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Langman CB, Assimos D, Blank M, Calle J, Grauer A, Kausz A, Milliner D, Nazzal L, Smith K, Tasian G, Thompson A, Wood KD, Worcester E, Yang S, Malley MA, Knauf F, Lieske JC. End Point Considerations for Clinical Trials in Enteric Hyperoxaluria. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:1637-1644. [PMID: 37342976 PMCID: PMC10723917 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Enteric hyperoxaluria is a medical condition characterized by elevated urinary oxalate excretion due to increased gastrointestinal oxalate absorption. Causative features include fat malabsorption and/or increased intestinal permeability to oxalate. Enteric hyperoxaluria has long been known to cause nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, and, more recently, an association with CKD and kidney failure has been shown. Currently, there are no US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for enteric hyperoxaluria, and it is unclear what end points should be used to evaluate the efficacy of new drugs and biologics for this condition. This study represents work of a multidisciplinary group convened by the Kidney Health Initiative to review the evidence supporting potential end points for clinical trials in enteric hyperoxaluria. A potential clinical outcome is symptomatic kidney stone events. Potential surrogate end points include ( 1 ) an irreversible loss of kidney function as a surrogate for progression to kidney failure, ( 2 ) asymptomatic kidney stone growth/new stone formation observed on imaging as a surrogate for symptomatic kidney stone events, ( 3 ) urinary oxalate and urinary calcium oxalate supersaturation as surrogates for the development of symptomatic kidney stone events, and ( 4) plasma oxalate as a surrogate for the development of the clinical manifestations of systemic oxalosis. Unfortunately, because of gaps in the data, this Kidney Health Initiative workgroup was unable to provide definitive recommendations. Work is underway to obtain robust information that can be used to inform trial design and medical product development in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B. Langman
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dean Assimos
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Melanie Blank
- Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Juan Calle
- Department of Kidney Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Dawn Milliner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lama Nazzal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Kimberly Smith
- Office of Medical Policy, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Greg Tasian
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aliza Thompson
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kyle D. Wood
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Elaine Worcester
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sixun Yang
- Division of Vaccines and Related Products Applications, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John C. Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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11
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André C, Bodeau S, Kamel S, Bennis Y, Caillard P. The AKI-to-CKD Transition: The Role of Uremic Toxins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16152. [PMID: 38003343 PMCID: PMC10671582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After acute kidney injury (AKI), renal function continues to deteriorate in some patients. In a pro-inflammatory and profibrotic environment, the proximal tubules are subject to maladaptive repair. In the AKI-to-CKD transition, impaired recovery from AKI reduces tubular and glomerular filtration and leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reduced kidney secretion capacity is characterized by the plasma accumulation of biologically active molecules, referred to as uremic toxins (UTs). These toxins have a role in the development of neurological, cardiovascular, bone, and renal complications of CKD. However, UTs might also cause CKD as well as be the consequence. Recent studies have shown that these molecules accumulate early in AKI and contribute to the establishment of this pro-inflammatory and profibrotic environment in the kidney. The objective of the present work was to review the mechanisms of UT toxicity that potentially contribute to the AKI-to-CKD transition in each renal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille André
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- GRAP Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1247, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Sandra Bodeau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Saïd Kamel
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Youssef Bennis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Pauline Caillard
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France
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12
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Takla M, Keshri S, Rubinsztein DC. The post-translational regulation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in health and disease. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57574. [PMID: 37728021 PMCID: PMC10626434 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, lysosomal exocytosis, and macro-autophagy. TFEB contributes to a wide range of physiological functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis and innate and adaptive immunity. As such, TFEB is an essential component of cellular adaptation to stressors, ranging from nutrient deprivation to pathogenic invasion. The activity of TFEB depends on its subcellular localisation, turnover, and DNA-binding capacity, all of which are regulated at the post-translational level. Pathological states are characterised by a specific set of stressors, which elicit post-translational modifications that promote gain or loss of TFEB function in the affected tissue. In turn, the resulting increase or decrease in survival of the tissue in which TFEB is more or less active, respectively, may either benefit or harm the organism as a whole. In this way, the post-translational modifications of TFEB account for its otherwise paradoxical protective and deleterious effects on organismal fitness in diseases ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer. In this review, we describe how the intracellular environment characteristic of different diseases alters the post-translational modification profile of TFEB, enabling cellular adaptation to a particular pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Takla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Swati Keshri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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13
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Shen S, Wei J, Kang W, Wang T. Elucidating shared biomarkers and pathways in kidney stones and diabetes: insights into novel therapeutic targets and the role of resveratrol. J Transl Med 2023; 21:491. [PMID: 37480086 PMCID: PMC10360253 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic mechanisms shared between kidney stones and diabetes at the transcriptional level remain elusive, and the molecular mechanisms by which resveratrol exerts its protective effects against these conditions require further investigation. METHODS To address these gaps in knowledge, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of microarray and RNA-seq datasets to elucidate shared biomarkers and biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of kidney stones and diabetes. An assortment of bioinformatic approaches was employed to illuminate the common molecular markers and associated pathways, thereby contributing to the identification of innovative therapeutic targets. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol in preventing these conditions was conducted using molecular docking simulation and first-principles calculations. RESULTS The study identified 11 potential target genes associated with kidney stones and diabetes through the intersection of genes from weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening. Among these, Interleukin 11 (IL11) emerged as a pivotal hub gene and a potential diagnostic biomarker for both conditions, particularly in males. Expression analysis of IL11 demonstrated elevated levels in kidney stones and diabetes groups compared to controls. Additionally, IL11 exhibited correlations with specific cell types and differential expression in normal and pathological conditions. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) highlighted significant disparities in biological processes, pathways, and immune signatures associated with IL11. Moreover, molecular docking simulation of resveratrol towards IL11 and a first-principles investigation of Ca adsorption on the resveratrol surface provided structural evidence for the development of resveratrol-based drugs for these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this investigation illuminates the discovery of common molecular mechanisms underlying kidney stones and diabetes, unveils potential diagnostic biomarkers, and elucidates the significance of IL11 in these conditions. It also provides insights into IL11 as a promising therapeutic target and highlights the role of resveratrol. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to enhance our understanding of IL11 targeting mechanisms and address any limitations in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Shen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jiafeng Wei
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Weiting Kang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Tengteng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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14
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Saleem M, Shahjahan K, Iftikhar H. Idiopathic Oxalate Nephropathy Leading to End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e42402. [PMID: 37621792 PMCID: PMC10446903 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxalate nephropathy represents a frequently overlooked etiology of renal failure, characterized by the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals within the renal parenchyma. This progressive form of kidney disease is marked by a significant increase in serum creatinine (Cr) level accompanied by evidence of oxalate crystal deposition on renal biopsy causing tubular obstruction and tubular injury leading to fibrosis. In all instances of oxalate nephropathy, examination of stones consistently exhibits multiple birefringent calcium oxalate crystals under polarized light. This case report details the clinical course of a patient who initially presented with progressively worsening renal function and ultimately developed end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) as a consequence of idiopathic hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saleem
- Nephrology, Ohio Valley Nephrology Associates, Owensboro, USA
- Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Internal Medicine, Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury, USA
| | | | - Hassaan Iftikhar
- Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
- Internal Medicine, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, USA
- Nephrology, Ohio Valley Nephrology Associates, Owensboro, USA
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15
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Russo E, Bussalino E, Macciò L, Verzola D, Saio M, Esposito P, Leoncini G, Pontremoli R, Viazzi F. Non-Haemodynamic Mechanisms Underlying Hypertension-Associated Damage in Target Kidney Components. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119422. [PMID: 37298378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (AH) is a global challenge that greatly impacts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. AH is a major risk factor for the development and progression of kidney disease. Several antihypertensive treatment options are already available to counteract the progression of kidney disease. Despite the implementation of the clinical use of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, gliflozins, endothelin receptor antagonists, and their combination, the kidney damage associated with AH is far from being resolved. Fortunately, recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of AH-induced kidney damage have identified novel potential therapeutic targets. Several pathophysiologic pathways have been shown to play a key role in AH-induced kidney damage, including inappropriate tissue activation of the RAAS and immunity system, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, the intracellular effects of increased uric acid and cell phenotype transition showed their link with changes in kidney structure in the early phase of AH. Emerging therapies targeting novel disease mechanisms could provide powerful approaches for hypertensive nephropathy management in the future. In this review, we would like to focus on the interactions of pathways linking the molecular consequences of AH to kidney damage, suggesting how old and new therapies could aim to protect the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Russo
- U.O.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale San Luca, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bussalino
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia Macciò
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Michela Saio
- S.S.D. Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale di Sestri Levante, 16124 Genova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Leoncini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Pontremoli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
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16
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Tan QL, Zhang MX, Yao DH, Yan Y, Yang XF, Qin ZH, Gong Y, Meng Q. TIGAR protects against adenine-induced ferroptosis in human proximal tubular epithelial cells by activating the mTOR/S6KP70 axis. Nutr Cancer 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37140263 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2203353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) acts as a switch for nephropathy, but its underlying mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential biological significance and underlying mechanism of TIGAR in modulating adenine-induced ferroptosis in human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. HK-2 cells under- or overexpressing TIGAR were challenged with adenine to induce ferroptosis. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were assayed. Expression of ferroptosis-associated solute carrier family seven-member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) at the level of mRNA and protein were measured by quantitative real-time-PCR and western blotting. The phosphorylation levels of proteins in the mTOR/S6KP70 pathway were determined by western blotting. Adenine overload triggered ferroptosis in HK-2 cells, as evidenced by reduced levels of GSH, SLC7A11, and GPX4, and increased levels of iron, MDA, and ROS. TIGAR overexpression repressed adenine-induced ferroptosis and induced mTOR/S6KP70 signaling. Inhibitors of mTOR and S6KP70 weakened the ability of TIGAR to inhibit adenine-induced ferroptosis. TIGAR inhibits adenine-induced ferroptosis in human proximal tubular epithelial cells by activating the mTOR/S6KP70 signaling pathway. Therefore, activating the TIGAR/mTOR/S6KP70 axis may be a treatment for crystal nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Lin Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Minda Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Enshi, PR China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Minda Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Enshi, PR China
| | - Deng-Hu Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Minda Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Enshi, PR China
| | - Yue Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Minda Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Enshi, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hui Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Minda Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Enshi, PR China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Minda Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Enshi, PR China
| | - Qiao Meng
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, PR China
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17
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Nakamichi R, Hishikawa A, Chikuma S, Yoshimura A, Sasaki T, Hashiguchi A, Abe T, Tokuhara T, Yoshimoto N, Nishimura ES, Hama EY, Azegami T, Nakayama T, Hayashi K, Itoh H. DNA-damaged podocyte-CD8 T cell crosstalk exacerbates kidney injury by altering DNA methylation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112302. [PMID: 36989112 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent epigenome-wide studies suggest an association between blood DNA methylation and kidney function. However, the pathological importance remains unclear. Here, we show that the homing endonuclease I-PpoI-induced DNA double-strand breaks in kidney glomerular podocytes cause proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis with DNA methylation changes in blood cells as well as in podocytes. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals an increase in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with the activating/costimulatory receptor NKG2D in the kidneys, which exhibit a memory precursor effector cell phenotype, and the CD44high memory CD8+ T cells are also increased in the peripheral circulation. NKG2D blockade attenuates the renal phenotype caused by podocyte DNA damage. Blood methylome shows increased DNA methylation in binding sites for STAT1, a transcription factor contributing to CD8+ T cell homeostasis. Collectively, podocyte DNA damage alters the blood methylome, leading to changes in CD8+ T cells, which contribute to sustained renal injury in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nakamichi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihito Hishikawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chikuma
- Department of Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akinori Hashiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tokuhara
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Norifumi Yoshimoto
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Erina Sugita Nishimura
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eriko Yoshida Hama
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Azegami
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashin Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Hayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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18
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Abstract
With a global burden of 844 million, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now considered a public health priority. Cardiovascular risk is pervasive in this population, and low-grade systemic inflammation is an established driver of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in these patients. Accelerated cellular senescence, gut microbiota-dependent immune activation, posttranslational lipoprotein modifications, neuroimmune interactions, osmotic and nonosmotic sodium accumulation, acute kidney injury, and precipitation of crystals in the kidney and the vascular system all concur in determining the unique severity of inflammation in CKD. Cohort studies documented a strong link between various biomarkers of inflammation and the risk of progression to kidney failure and cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. Interventions targeting diverse steps of the innate immune response may reduce the risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Among these, inhibition of IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta) signaling by canakinumab reduced the risk for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease, and this protection was equally strong in patients with and without CKD. Several old (colchicine) and new drugs targeting the innate immune system, like the IL-6 (interleukin 6) antagonist ziltivekimab, are being tested in large randomized clinical trials to thoroughly test the hypothesis that mitigating inflammation may translate into better cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute New York and Institute of Molecular Biology and genetics (BIOGEM), Ariano Irpino, Italy and Associazione Ipertensione, Nefrologia, Trapianto (IPNET), Reggio Calabria Italy (C.Z.)
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy and National Research Council (CNR), Clinical Epidemiology of Hypertension and Renal Diseases Unit of the Institute of Clinical Physiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.)
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19
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Noonin C, Itsaranawet T, Thongboonkerd V. Calcium oxalate crystal-induced secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from distal tubular cells, induces renal fibroblast activation. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:150. [PMID: 37031165 PMCID: PMC10082508 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney stone disease (KSD) is commonly accompanied with renal fibrosis, characterized by accumulation and reorganization of extracellular matrix (ECM). During fibrogenesis, resident renal fibroblasts are activated to become myofibroblasts that actively produce ECM. However, such fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in KSD remained unclear. Our present study thus examined effects of secreted products (secretome) derived from proximal (HK-2) vs. distal (MDCK) renal tubular cells exposed to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals on activation of renal fibroblasts (BHK-21). METHODS HK-2 and MDCK cells were treated with 100 µg/ml COM crystals under serum-free condition for 16 h. In parallel, the cells maintained in serum-free medium without COM treatment served as the control. Secretome derived from culture supernatant of each sample was mixed (1:1) with fresh serum-free medium and then used for BHK-21 culture for another 24 h. RESULTS Analyses revealed that COM-treated-HK-2 secretome significantly induced proliferation, caused morphological changes, increased spindle index, and upregulated fibroblast-activation markers (F-actin, α-SMA and fibronectin) in BHK-21 cells. However, COM-treated-MDCK secretome had no significant effects on these BHK-21 parameters. Moreover, level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a profibrotic factor, significantly increased in the COM-treated-HK-2 secretome but not in the COM-treated-MDCK secretome. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate, for the first time, that proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells exposed to COM crystals send different messages to resident renal fibroblasts. Only the secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from the distal cells, induces renal fibroblast activation after their exposure to COM crystals. Such differential effects are partly due to TGF-β1 secretion, which is induced by COM crystals only in proximal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadanat Noonin
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Itsaranawet
- Biological Sciences Program, Mahidol University International College, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand.
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20
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Wang Y, Song D, Tang L. Mitophagy, Inflammasomes and Their Interaction in Kidney Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Studies. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1457-1469. [PMID: 37042016 PMCID: PMC10083013 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s402290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an important mechanism for mitochondrial quality control by regulating autophagosome-specific phagocytosis, degradation and clearance of damaged mitochondria, and involved in cell damage and diseases. Inflammasomes are important inflammation-related factors newly discovered in recent years, which are involved in cell innate immunity and inflammatory response, and play an important role in kidney diseases. Based on the current studies, we reviewed the progress of mitophagy, inflammasomes and their interaction in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Song
- Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lin Tang, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Chou CC, Vest R, Prado MA, Wilson-Grady J, Paulo JA, Shibuya Y, Moran-Losada P, Lee TT, Luo J, Gygi SP, Kelly JW, Finley D, Wernig M, Wyss-Coray T, Frydman J. Proteostasis and lysosomal quality control deficits in Alzheimer's disease neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534444. [PMID: 37034684 PMCID: PMC10081252 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of proteostasis and organelle homeostasis dysfunction in human aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Analyzing proteome-wide changes in human donor fibroblasts and their corresponding transdifferentiated neurons (tNeurons), we find aging and AD synergistically impair multiple proteostasis pathways, most notably lysosomal quality control (LQC). In particular, we show that ESCRT-mediated lysosomal repair defects are associated with both sporadic and PSEN1 familial AD. Aging- and AD-linked defects are detected in fibroblasts but highly exacerbated in tNeurons, leading to enhanced neuronal vulnerability, unrepaired lysosomal damage, inflammatory factor secretion and cytotoxicity. Surprisingly, tNeurons from aged and AD donors spontaneously develop amyloid-β inclusions co-localizing with LQC markers, LAMP1/2-positive lysosomes and proteostasis factors; we observe similar inclusions in brain tissue from AD patients and APP-transgenic mice. Importantly, compounds enhancing lysosomal function broadly ameliorate these AD-associated pathologies. Our findings establish cell-autonomous LQC dysfunction in neurons as a central vulnerability in aging and AD pathogenesis.
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22
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Oshima Y, Wakino S, Kanda T, Tajima T, Itoh T, Uchiyama K, Yoshimoto K, Sasabe J, Yasui M, Itoh H. Sodium benzoate attenuates 2,8-dihydroxyadenine nephropathy by inhibiting monocyte/macrophage TNF-α expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3331. [PMID: 36849798 PMCID: PMC9971245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium benzoate (SB), a known D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) enzyme inhibitor, has an anti-inflammatory effect, although its role in renal damage has not been explored. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine crystal induced chronic kidney disease, in which TNF-α is involved in the pathogenesis, was established by oral adenine administration in C57BL/6JJcl mice (AdCKD) with or without SB to investigate its renal protective effects. SB significantly attenuated AdCKD by decreasing serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and kidney interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy scores. The survival of AdCKD mice improved 2.6-fold by SB administration. SB significantly decreased the number of infiltrating macrophages observed in the positive F4/80 immunohistochemistry area and reduced the expression of macrophage markers and inflammatory genes, including TNF-α, in the kidneys of AdCKD. Human THP-1 cells stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide or TNF-α showed increased expression of inflammatory genes, although this was significantly reduced by SB, confirming the anti-inflammatory effects of SB. SB exhibited renal protective effects in AdCKD in DAO enzyme deficient mice, suggesting that anti-inflammatory effect of SB was independent of DAO enzyme activity. Moreover, binding to motif DNA sequence, protein level, and mRNA level of NF-κB RelB were significantly inhibited by SB in AdCKD kidneys and lipopolysaccharide treated THP-1 cells, respectively. We report that anti-inflammatory property of SB is independent of DAO enzymatic activity and is associated with down regulated NF-κB RelB as well as its downstream inflammatory genes such as TNF-α in AdCKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Oshima
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Wakino
- Department of Nephrology, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kanda
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Tajima
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Itoh
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Uchiyama
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshimoto
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Sasabe
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Autophagy and kidney aging. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 179:10-15. [PMID: 36849016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation system in eukaryotes that maintains cellular and tissue homeostasis. Upon autophagy induction, cytoplasmic components are engulfed by a double-membrane organelle called the autophagosome that fuses with a lysosome to degrade its contents. In recent years, it has become clear that autophagy becomes dysregulated with aging, which leads to age-related diseases. Kidney function is particularly prone to age-related decline, and aging is the most significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease. This review first discuss the relationship between autophagy and kidney aging. Second, we describe how age-related dysregulation of autophagy occurs. Finally, we discuss the potential of autophagy-targeting drugs to ameliorate human kidney aging and the approaches necessary to discover such agents.
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Ohashi Y, Kuriyama S, Nakano T, Sekine M, Toyoda Y, Nakayama A, Takada T, Kawamura Y, Nakamura T, Matsuo H, Yokoo T, Ichida K. Urate Transporter ABCG2 Function and Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study of CKD Progression. Am J Kidney Dis 2023; 81:134-144.e1. [PMID: 35810827 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia is not commonly implemented. However, it is unclear whether urate deposition that begins during asymptomatic hyperuricemia can induce nephropathy. Dysfunction of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), a urate efflux transporter, leads to elevated serum uric acid concentration (SUA). We investigated the association between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the impact of ABCG2 on this relationship. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 1,885 Japanese adults undergoing routine health care follow-up between 2007 and 2017 who had eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, of which 311 had asymptomatic hyperuricemia (SUA >7.0 mg/dL). Study participants were classified into 3 categories of estimated ABCG2 function (full, 75%, and ≤50% function). PREDICTORS Baseline SUA and estimated ABCG2 function. OUTCOME Change in eGFR over time. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Linear mixed-effect models were used to analyze the relationship between asymptomatic hyperuricemia, ABCG2 function, and eGFR decline. RESULTS Asymptomatic hyperuricemia was negligibly associated with eGFR decline overall. However, among those with eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2 and ≤50% ABCG2 function, eGFR decline was associated with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (P = 0.03). ABCG2 was not associated with eGFR reductions when the SUA was <6.0 mg/dL. Among participants with SUA ≥6.0 mg/dL and eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2, ≤50% ABCG2 function was associated with approximately 1.2-fold faster eGFR decline compared with fully functional ABCG2 (P = 0.02). Among the participants with SUA ≥6.0 mg/dL and eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2, the adjusted eGFR slopes (given as mean ± standard error of the mean, in mL/min/1.73 m2 per year) were -0.946 ± 0.049, -1.040 ± 0.046, and -1.148 ± 0.069 for full, 75%, and ≤50% ABCG2 function, respectively. LIMITATIONS Lack of measurement of urinary urate and uremic toxins that are known to be transported by ABCG2, and no independent validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic hyperuricemia was not associated with eGFR decline, except when in the presence of ≤50% ABCG2 function. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY The urate transporter ABCG2 is a protein that regulates serum urate concentrations; when dysfunctional, it can lead to elevated serum concentrations of this compound (ie, hyperuricemia). Although persistent hyperuricemia induces gout and kidney injury, the effects on organs during the asymptomatic phase have yet to be established. Therefore, to clarify the relationship between ABCG2, asymptomatic hyperuricemia, and kidney function, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,885 healthy participants, including 311 participants with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. We found that the coexistence of asymptomatic hyperuricemia and severe ABCG2 dysfunction was associated with the age-dependent decline in kidney function. We concluded that asymptomatic hyperuricemia represents a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, at least in individuals with highly dysfunctional ABCG2. This new finding highlights the potential importance of ABCG2 in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohashi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | - Mai Sekine
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Toyoda
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nakayama
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan; Third Division, Aeromedical Laboratory, Japan Air Self-Defense Force, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Laboratory for Mathematics, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Correlative light and electron microscopic observation of calcium phosphate particles in a mouse kidney formed under a high-phosphate diet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:852. [PMID: 36646820 PMCID: PMC9842637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate forms particles under excessive urinary excretion of phosphate in the kidney. While the formation of calcium phosphate particles (CaPs) has been implicated in the damage to renal tubular cells and renal dysfunction, clarifying the ultrastructural information and the elemental composition of the small CaPs in the wide areas of kidney tissue has been technically difficult. This study introduces correlative and sequential light as well as electron microscopic CaP observation in the kidney tissue by combining fluorescent staining for CaPs and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on resin sections prepared using high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution. CaPs formed in mouse kidneys under long-term feeding of a high-phosphate diet were clearly visualized on resin sections by fluorescence-conjugated alendronate derivatives and toluidine blue metachromasia. These CaPs were verified by correlative observation with EDS. Furthermore, small CaPs formed in the kidney under short-term feeding were detected using fluorescent probes. The elemental composition of the particles, including calcium and magnesium, was identified following EDS analyses. These results suggest that the correlative microscopy approach is helpful for observing in situ distribution and elemental composition of CaPs in the kidney and contributing to studies regarding CaP formation-associated pathophysiology.
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Abstract
Cell death, particularly that of tubule epithelial cells, contributes critically to the pathophysiology of kidney disease. A body of evidence accumulated over the past 15 years has ascribed a central pathophysiological role to a particular form of regulated necrosis, termed necroptosis, to acute tubular necrosis, nephron loss and maladaptive renal fibrogenesis. Unlike apoptosis, which is a non-immunogenic process, necroptosis results in the release of cellular contents and cytokines, which triggers an inflammatory response in neighbouring tissue. This necroinflammatory environment can lead to severe organ dysfunction and cause lasting tissue injury in the kidney. Despite evidence of a link between necroptosis and various kidney diseases, there are no available therapeutic options to target this process. Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms, triggers and regulators of necroptosis in acute and chronic kidney diseases may identify shortcomings in current approaches to therapeutically target necroptosis regulators and lead to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in IgA Nephropathy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 59:medicina59010082. [PMID: 36676706 PMCID: PMC9866943 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide today. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a polyprotein complex and an important participant in inflammation. Accumulating studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in a variety of kidney diseases, including IgAN. This review focuses on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IgAN and summarizes multiple involved pathways, which may provide novel treatments for IgAN treatment.
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Development of a cyclic-inverso AHSG/Fetuin A-based peptide for inhibition of calcification in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 31:727-740. [PMID: 36414226 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ectopic calcification is an important contributor to chronic diseases, such as osteoarthritis. Currently, no effective therapies exist to counteract calcification. We developed peptides derived from the calcium binding domain of human Alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein (AHSG/Fetuin A) to counteract calcification. METHODS A library of seven 30 amino acid (AA) long peptides, spanning the 118 AA Cystatin 1 domain of AHSG, were synthesized and evaluated in an in vitro calcium phosphate precipitation assay. The best performing peptide was modified (cyclic, retro-inverso and combinations thereof) and evaluated in cellular calcification models and the rat Medial Collateral Ligament Transection + Medial Meniscal Tear (MCLT + MMT) osteoarthritis model. RESULTS A cyclic peptide spanning AA 1-30 of mature AHSG showed clear inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitation in the nM-pM range that far exceeded the biological activity of the linear peptide variant or bovine Fetuin. Biochemical and electron microscopy analyses of calcium phosphate particles revealed a similar, but distinct, mode of action in comparison with bFetuin. A cyclic-inverso variant of the AHSG 1-30 peptide inhibited calcification of human articular chondrocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and during osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived stromal cells. Lastly, we evaluated the effect of intra-articular injection of the cyclic-inverso AHSG 1-30 peptide in a rat osteoarthritis model. A significant improvement was found in histopathological osteoarthritis score and animal mobility. Serum levels of IFNγ were found to be lower in AHSG 1-30 peptide treated animals. CONCLUSIONS The cyclic-inverso AHSG 1-30 peptide directly inhibits the calcification process and holds the potential for future application in osteoarthritis.
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Zhou D, Wu Y, Yan H, Shen T, Li S, Gong J, Li G, Mai H, Wang D, Tan X. Gallic acid ameliorates calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal injury via upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 in the mouse model of stone formation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154429. [PMID: 36099652 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence and reoccurrence rate of nephrolithiasis bring about serious socioeconomic and healthcare burden, necessitating the need of effective therapeutic agents. Previous study revealed that gallic acid (GAL) alters the nucleation pathway of calcium oxalate (CaOx). On the other hand, it appears protective role against oxidative injury. Whether GAL could protect against crystal-induced lesion in vivo, and its underlying mechanism is yet unsolved. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the protective effects of GAL on the crystal-induced renal injury and its underlying mechanism in the mouse model of stone formation induced by glyoxylic acid. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The mouse model of stone formation was established via successive intraperitoneal injection of glyoxylate. Proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 treated with calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was used as in vitro model. The protective role of GAL on nephrolithiasis was tested by determination of tubular injury, crystal deposition and adhesion, levels of inflammatory cytokines, macrophage infiltration and the redox status of kidney. In vitro, effect of GAL on the ROS level and oxidative tubular injury induced by COM were detected, as well as major antioxidant pathway Nrf2/HO-1. RESULTS Administration of GAL alleviates the renal deposition and adhesion of CaOx stone. Meanwhile, GAL ameliorates the inflammation and renal tubular injury. Level of intracellular ROS, osteopontin and CD44 are reduced, either in the mouse model of stone formation or in the COM-treated HK-2 cells after treatment of GAL. Mechanistically, GAL activates Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in HK-2 cells. Silencing Nrf2 abrogates the protective effect of GAL on the oxidative injury and adhesion of COM in HK-2 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study demonstrates the protective effect of GAL on the deposition of kidney stone and consequent tubular injury. Induction of the antioxidant pathway Nrf2/HO-1 was found to decrease the level of ROS and oxidative injury, thus implying that GAL could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Heng Yan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tianyu Shen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Si Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Nephrology Division, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixing Mai
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dekun Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Targeting innate immunity-driven inflammation in CKD and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:762-778. [PMID: 36064794 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is largely a consequence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is a particular concern given the increasing prevalence of CKD. Sterile inflammation triggered by activation of the innate immune system is an important driver of both CKD and associated CVD. Several endogenous mediators, including lipoproteins, crystals such as silica, urate and cholesterol crystals, or compounds released from dying cells interact with pattern recognition receptors expressed on a variety of different cell types, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Disturbed regulation of the haematopoietic system by damage-associated molecular patterns, or as a consequence of clonal haematopoiesis or trained innate immunity, also contributes to the development of inflammation. In observational and genetic association studies, inflammation is linked to the progression of CKD and cardiovascular events. In 2017, the CANTOS trial of canakinumab provided evidence that inhibiting inflammation driven by NLRP3-IL-1-IL-6-mediated signalling significantly reduced cardiovascular event rates in individuals with and without CKD. Other approaches to target innate immune pathways are now under investigation for their ability to reduce cardiovascular events and slow disease progression among patients with atherosclerosis and stage 3 and 4 CKD. This Review summarizes current understanding of the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of CKD and its associated CVD, and how this knowledge may translate into novel therapeutics.
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31
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Khan SR. Inflammation and injury: what role do they play in the development of Randall’s plaques and formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones? CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Srivastava A, Tomar B, Sharma P, Kumari S, Prakash S, Rath SK, Kulkarni OP, Gupta SK, Mulay SR. RIPK3-MLKL signaling activates mitochondrial CaMKII and drives intrarenal extracellular matrix production during CKD. Matrix Biol 2022; 112:72-89. [PMID: 35964866 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intrarenal extracellular matrix production is a prevalent feature of all forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is believed to be a major driver of extracellular matrix production. Nevertheless, anti-TGFβ therapies have consistently failed to reduce extracellular matrix production in CKD patients indicating the need for novel therapeutic strategies. We have previously shown that necroinflammation contributes to acute kidney injury. Here, we show that chronic/persistent necroinflammation drives intrarenal extracellular matrix production during CKD. We found that renal expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) increases with the expansion of intrarenal extracellular matrix production and declined kidney function in both humans and mice. Furthermore, we found that TGFβ exposure induces the translocation of RIPK3 and MLKL to mitochondria resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production. Mitochondrial ROS activates the serine-threonine kinase calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases-II (CaMKII) that increases phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and subsequent production of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), collagen (Col) 1α1, etc. in response to TGFβ during the intrarenal extracellular matrix production. Consistent with this, deficiency or knockdown of RIPK3 or MLKL as well as pharmacological inhibition of RIPK1, RIPK3, and CaMKII prevents the intrarenal extracellular matrix production in oxalate-induced CKD and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Together, RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, CaMKII, and Smad2/3 are molecular targets to inhibit intrarenal extracellular matrix production and preserve kidney function during CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Bhawna Tomar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Sunaina Kumari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shakti Prakash
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Onkar Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Shashi Kumar Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Two independent modes of kidney stone suppression achieved by AIM/CD5L and KIM-1. Commun Biol 2022; 5:783. [PMID: 35922481 PMCID: PMC9349198 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing and its recurrence rate within the first 5 years is over 50%. No treatments that prevent the occurrence/recurrence of stones have reached the clinic. Here, we show that AIM (also called CD5L) suppresses stone development and improves stone-associated physical damages. The N-terminal domain of AIM associates with calcium oxalate crystals via charge-based interaction to impede the development of stones, whereas the 2nd and C-terminal domains capture the inflammatory DAMPs to promote their phagocytic removal. Accordingly, when stones were induced by glyoxylate in mice, recombinant AIM (rAIM) injection dramatically reduced stone development. Expression of injury molecules and inflammatory cytokines in the kidney and overall renal dysfunction were abrogated by rAIM. Among various negatively charged substances, rAIM was most effective in stone prevention due to its high binding affinity to crystals. Furthermore, only AIM was effective in improving the physical complaints including bodyweight-loss through its DAMPs removal effect. We also found that tubular KIM-1 may remove developed stones. Our results could be the basis for the development of a comprehensive therapy against kidney stone disease. The circulating protein apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) reduces kidney stone development and prevents build up, providing the basis for kidney stone disease therapy.
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Xie J, Ye Z, Li L, Xia Y, Yuan R, Ruan Y, Zhou X. Ferrostatin‑1 alleviates oxalate‑induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury, fibrosis and calcium oxalate stone formation by inhibiting ferroptosis. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:256. [PMID: 35703358 PMCID: PMC9218727 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the role and mechanism of ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) in oxalate (Ox)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury, fibrosis, and calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. A CaOx model in mice kidneys was established via intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg glyoxylic acid for 14 days. The mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=6), namely, the control (Con), the CaOx group, and the CaOx + Fer-1 group. Cultured human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were randomly divided into three groups (n=3), namely, the control (Con), the Ox group, and the Ox + Fer-1 group. The levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) were assessed by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Renal tubular injury and apoptosis were evaluated by H&E and TUNEL staining. Kidney interstitial fibrosis was evaluated by Masson and Sirius red staining, and the levels of E-cadherin, vimentin and α-SMA were detected by immunofluorescence or western blot analysis. Mitochondrial structure was observed using a transmission electron microscope. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry and CaOx stone formation was evaluated by von Kossa staining. The results revealed that in comparison with the Con group, mitochondrial injury under glyoxylic acid treatment was observed by TEM. The expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 in the CaOx and Ox groups was downregulated (P<0.05), whereas the expression of HO-1 and SOD2 was upregulated (P<0.05). Renal tissue damage, apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, and interstitial fibrosis were increased in the CaOx and Ox groups (P<0.05). In comparison with the CaOx or Ox group, the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 in the CaOx + Fer-1 or Ox + Fer-1 group was upregulated (P<0.05), whereas that of HO-1 and SOD2 was downregulated (P<0.05). Renal tissue damage, apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial fibrosis were decreased following Fer-1 treatment (P<0.05). The ROS level was also decreased following Fer-1 treatment. Moreover, CaOx stone formation was decreased in the CaOx + Fer-1 group (P<0.05). In conclusion, Fer-1 alleviated Ox-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury, fibrosis, and CaOx stone formation by inhibiting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Xie
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Ye
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Run Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Collins MT, Marcucci G, Anders HJ, Beltrami G, Cauley JA, Ebeling PR, Kumar R, Linglart A, Sangiorgi L, Towler DA, Weston R, Whyte MP, Brandi ML, Clarke B, Thakker RV. Skeletal and extraskeletal disorders of biomineralization. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:473-489. [PMID: 35578027 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The physiological process of biomineralization is complex and deviation from it leads to a variety of diseases. Progress in the past 10 years has enhanced understanding of the genetic, molecular and cellular pathophysiology underlying these disorders; sometimes, this knowledge has both facilitated restoration of health and clarified the very nature of biomineralization as it occurs in humans. In this Review, we consider the principal regulators of mineralization and crystallization, and how dysregulation of these processes can lead to human disease. The knowledge acquired to date and gaps still to be filled are highlighted. The disorders of mineralization discussed comprise a broad spectrum of conditions that encompass bone disorders associated with alterations of mineral quantity and quality, as well as disorders of extraskeletal mineralization (hyperphosphataemic familial tumoural calcinosis). Included are disorders of alkaline phosphatase (hypophosphatasia) and phosphate homeostasis (X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets, fluorosis, rickets and osteomalacia). Furthermore, crystallopathies are covered as well as arterial and renal calcification. This Review discusses the current knowledge of biomineralization derived from basic and clinical research and points to future studies that will lead to new therapeutic approaches for biomineralization disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Beltrami
- Department Paediatric Orthopedic Oncology, Careggi and Meyer Children Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Agnès Linglart
- APHP, Endocrinologie et diabète de l'enfant, Paris, France
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dwight A Towler
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ria Weston
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Bart Clarke
- Mayo Clinic Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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In Situ Identification of Unknown Crystals in Acute Kidney Injury Using Raman Spectroscopy. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142395. [PMID: 35889619 PMCID: PMC9323692 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a well-established and powerful tool for in situ biomolecular evaluation. Type 2 crystal nephropathies are characterized by the deposition of crystalline materials in the tubular lumen, resulting in rapid onset of acute kidney injury without specific symptoms. Timely crystal identification is essential for its diagnosis, mechanism exploration and therapy, but remains challenging. This study aims to develop a Raman spectroscopy-based method to assist pathological diagnosis of type 2 crystal nephropathies. Unknown crystals in renal tissue slides from a victim suffered extensive burn injury were detected by Raman spectroscopy, and the inclusion of crystals was determined by comparing Raman data with established database. Multiple crystals were scanned to verify the reproducibility of crystal in situ. Raman data of 20 random crystals were obtained, and the distribution and uniformity of substances in crystals were investigated by Raman imaging. A mouse model was established to mimic the crystal nephropathy to verify the availability of Raman spectroscopy in frozen biopsy. All crystals on the human slides were identified to be calcium oxalate dihydrate, and the distribution and content of calcium oxalate dihydrate on a single crystal were uneven. Raman spectroscopy was further validated to be available in identification of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals in the biopsy specimens. Here, a Raman spectroscopy-based method for in situ identification of unknown crystals in both paraffin-embedded tissues and biopsy specimens was established, providing an effective and promising method to analyze unknown crystals in tissues and assist the precise pathological diagnosis in both clinical and forensic medicine.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare genetic disorder that causes hepatic overproduction of oxalate and, often, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure. The purpose of the review is to provide an update on current emerging therapies for the treatment of PH1. RECENT FINDINGS Use of ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) therapeutics that target the liver to block production of key enzymes along pathways that generate oxalate is a promising approach. Available evidence supports the efficacy of both Lumasiran (targeting glycolate oxidase) and Nedosiran (targeting hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDHa)) to reduce urinary oxalate excretion in PH1. The efficacy of alternative approaches including stiripentol (an anticonvulsant drug that also targets LDHa), lanthanum (a potential gastrointestinal oxalate binder), and Oxalobacter formigenes (a bacterium that can degrade oxalate within the gastrointestinal tract and may also increase its secretion from blood) are all also under study. Genetic editing tools including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 are also in preclinical study as a potential PH1 therapeutic. SUMMARY Novel treatments can reduce the plasma oxalate concentration and urinary oxalate excretion in PH1 patients. Thus, it is possible these approaches will reduce the need for combined kidney and liver transplantation to significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Yang Y, Chen R, Zhu X, Ye D, Yang Y, Li W, Li D, Li H, Liao Q. Light-Fueled Submarine-Like Droplet. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201341. [PMID: 35596606 PMCID: PMC9313504 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexibly and precisely manipulating 3D droplet transportation is a fundamental challenge for broad implications in diagnostics, drug delivery, bioengineering, etc. Herein, a light method is developed for manipulating a droplet to make it behave like a submarine. This light method enables flexible 3D transportation, stable suspension, and floating of a droplet, which can be freely altered. It is demonstrated that the localized photothermal effect induced thermocapillary flow in the water droplet/oil phase is responsible for energizing and manipulating the droplet. With such remarkable motility, the light-fueled submarine-like droplet successfully realizes various functions such as the acid-base detection, particle capture and transportation, and target crystal collection, dissolution and transportation. It is demonstrated that the light-fueled submarine-like droplet shows promising perspective for long-sought precise droplet manipulation in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)Ministry of EducationChongqing400030China
- Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
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Demoulin N, Aydin S, Gillion V, Morelle J, Jadoul M. Pathophysiology and Management of Hyperoxaluria and Oxalate Nephropathy: A Review. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 79:717-727. [PMID: 34508834 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria results from either inherited disorders of glyoxylate metabolism leading to hepatic oxalate overproduction (primary hyperoxaluria), or increased intestinal oxalate absorption (secondary hyperoxaluria). Hyperoxaluria may lead to urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate and crystal formation, causing urolithiasis and deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney parenchyma, a condition termed oxalate nephropathy. Considerable progress has been made in the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms leading to hyperoxaluria and oxalate nephropathy, whose diagnosis is frequently delayed and prognosis too often poor. Fortunately, novel promising targeted therapeutic approaches are on the horizon in patients with primary hyperoxaluria. Patients with secondary hyperoxaluria frequently have long-standing hyperoxaluria-enabling conditions, a fact suggesting the role of triggers of acute kidney injury such as dehydration. Current standard of care in these patients includes management of the underlying cause, high fluid intake, and use of calcium supplements. Overall, prompt recognition of hyperoxaluria and associated oxalate nephropathy is crucial because optimal management may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Demoulin
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Selda Aydin
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentine Gillion
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johann Morelle
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Jadoul
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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40
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Alkali therapy protects renal function, suppresses inflammation, and improves cellular metabolism in kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:557-577. [PMID: 35389462 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 10-13 % of the population worldwide and halting its progression is a major clinical challenge. Metabolic acidosis is both a consequence and a possible driver of CKD progression. Alkali therapy counteracts these effects in CKD patients, but underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that bicarbonate supplementation protected renal function in a murine CKD model induced by an oxalate-rich diet. Alkali therapy had no effect on the aldosterone-endothelin axis but promoted levels of the anti-aging protein klotho; moreover, it suppressed adhesion molecules required for immune cell invasion along with reducing T helper cell and inflammatory monocyte invasion. Comparing transcriptomes from the murine crystallopathy model and from human biopsies of kidney transplant recipients suffering from acidosis with or without alkali therapy unveils parallel transcriptome responses mainly associated with lipid metabolism and oxidoreductase activity. Our data reveal novel pathways associated with acidosis in kidney disease and sensitive to alkali therapy and identifies potential targets through which alkali therapy may act on CKD and that may be amenable for more targeted therapies.
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Testa A, Chamorey E, Lavainne F, Verger C. Outcomes of patients with Cholesterol crystal embolism treated by peritoneal dialysis: retrospective study from the RDPLF registry. BULLETIN DE LA DIALYSE À DOMICILE 2022. [DOI: 10.25796/bdd.v5i1.65303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol crystal embolisms disease (CED) is a systemic disease characterized by tissue ischemia and microinflammation related to occlusion of arterioles by microemboli from ulcerated atheromatous plaques. The kidney is one of the most affected organs, often requiring dialysis. Our study examines the outcomes of a cohort of patients with CED treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). As anticoagulants can favor emboli, peritoneal dialysis may theoretically have an advantage.
From the database of the French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registry (RDPLF), between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2021, we selected patients treated with PD for >90 days and with an age >18 years. On the basis of the variables of patient autonomy, diabetes, BMI, modified Charlson index, age, sex, pre-PD treatment, causes of death, causes of transfer to hemodialysis, and peritonitis, three types of survival were estimated (patient, technical, and composite). After adjustment by propensity scores and taking into account competitive risks, 2 groups of patients were constituted on the basis of baseline nephropathy: emboli group vs. control group.
Patient survival and strict technical survival are not associated with the type of nephropathy (CED versus others). Composite technical survival (uncensored for deaths and transfers to hemodialysis) was only associated with cholesterol emboli nephropathy in the multivariate analysis adjusted for diabetes, autonomy, and age of the patient at the start of the dialysis treatment (p=0.011; 95% CI [0.736 [0.581-0.931]]).
Our study from the RDPLF database shows no difference in technical and patient survival in a cohort of patients with CED vs. a control group. It also confirms that PD may represent an adequate choice in this pathology.
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Krogstad V, Elgstøen KBP, Johnsen LF, Hartmann A, Mørkrid L, Åsberg A. High Plasma Oxalate Levels Early After Kidney Transplantation Are Associated With Impaired Long-Term Outcomes. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10240. [PMID: 35368646 PMCID: PMC8971183 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Elevated levels of oxalate are common in renal failure patients and non-hyperoxaluria disease, and may cause damage after transplantation. We examined outcomes after 15 years for 167 kidney transplant recipients who had plasma oxalate measured early after transplantation. Analyses included plasma oxalate, recipient age, donor age, live donor, HLA-DR mismatch, mGFR, and smoking. Results: Median age was 52 years (range 18-81), 63% were male and 38% had live donors. Median plasma oxalate concentration 10 weeks after transplantation was 9.0 μmol/L (range 2.7-53.0), one third above the upper reference limit (11.0 μmol/L). Multivariable analysis revealed upper quartile plasma oxalate (>13.0 μmol/L, p = 0.008), recipient age (p < 0.001), deceased donor (p = 0.003), and current smoking (p < 0.001) as significant factors associated with patient survival. Upper quartile plasma oxalate (p = 0.021), recipient age (p = 0.001), deceased donor kidney (p = 0.001), HLA-DR mismatch (p = 0.015), and current smoking (p = 0.014) were also associated with graft loss. Factors associated with death censored graft losses were donor age (p = 0.012), deceased donor (p = 0.032), and HLA-DR mis-matched kidneys (p = 0.005) but plasma oxalate was not (p = 0.188). Conclusions: Plasma oxalate in the upper quartile early after transplantation was significantly associated with impaired long-term patient survival and graft losses, but not when censored for death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Krogstad
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Linda Flaa Johnsen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Hartmann
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Mørkrid
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Gu Y, Shen Y, Chen W, He H, Ma Y, Mei X, Ju D, Liu H. Protective effects of interleukin-22 on oxalate-induced crystalline renal injury via alleviating mitochondrial damage and inflammatory response. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2637-2649. [PMID: 35294590 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxalate-induced crystalline kidney injury is one of the most common types of crystalline nephropathy. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment to reduce the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals and alleviate kidney damage. Thus, proactive therapeutic is urgently needed to alleviate the suffering it causes to patient. Here, we investigated whether IL-22 exerted nephroprotective effects to sodium oxalate-mediated kidney damage and its potential mechanism. Crystalline kidney injury models were developed in vitro and in vivo that was often observed in clinic. We provided evidence that IL-22 could effectively decrease the accumulation of ROS and mitochondrial damage in cell and animal models and reduce the death of TECs. Moreover, IL-22 decreased the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and mature IL-1β in renal tissue induced by sodium oxalate. Further studies confirmed that IL-22 could play an anti-inflammatory role by reducing the levels of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in serum. In conclusion, our study confirmed that IL-22 has protective effects on sodium oxalate-induced crystalline kidney injury by reducing the production of ROS, protecting mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibiting the inflammatory response. Therefore, IL-22 may play a potential preventive role in sodium oxalate-induced acute renal injury. KEY POINTS: • IL-22 could reduce sodium oxalate-mediated cytotoxicity and ameliorate renal injury. • IL-22 could alleviate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by sodium oxalate. • IL-22 could inhibit inflammatory response of renal injury caused by sodium oxalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong He
- Department of Nephrology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Yulei Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Mei
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Jin J, Zhou TJ, Ren GL, Cai L, Meng XM. Novel insights into NOD-like receptors in renal diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2789-2806. [PMID: 35365780 PMCID: PMC8972670 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), including NLRAs, NLRBs (also known as NAIPs), NLRCs, and NLRPs, are a major subfamily of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Owing to a recent surge in research, NLRs have gained considerable attention due to their involvement in mediating the innate immune response and perpetuating inflammatory pathways, which is a central phenomenon in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including renal diseases. NLRs are expressed in different renal tissues during pathological conditions, which suggest that these receptors play roles in acute kidney injury, obstructive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, crystal nephropathy, uric acid nephropathy, and renal cell carcinoma, among others. This review summarises recent progress on the functions of NLRs and their mechanisms in the pathophysiological processes of different types of renal diseases to help us better understand the role of NLRs in the kidney and provide a theoretical basis for NLR-targeted therapy for renal diseases.
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45
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Sridharan B, Jagannathan V, Rajesh NG, Viswanathan P. Combined effect of polyacrylic acid and vitamin E in preventing calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the kidneys of experimental hyperoxaluric rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:138-149. [PMID: 34981535 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our study explores the combined effect of polyacrylic acid and vitamin E as prophylactic and curative agent against ethylene glycol (EG) induced calcium oxalate stone formation in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats (54) were divided into nine groups, including control. The experimental groups were equally segregated into two for preventive study (4) and curative study (4). Urolithiasis was induced with 0.75% (v/v) EG in drinking water. Polyacrylic acid (10 mg/kg) and vitamin E (300 IU/day) were supplemented from day 1 for preventive and day 30 for curative studies. Restoration of urinary lithogenic factors (calcium, oxalate, phosphate, citrate and magnesium) and renal function (urea and creatinine in serum) by intervening agents were accomplished compared to urolithic rats (P < .001). Abnormal localization and increased expression of Tamm-Horsfall Protein, osteopontin and transferrin were observed in the kidneys of urolithic rats (P < .001) from immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting analysis. Polyacrylic acid and vitamin E supplementation have regulated the expression of the urinary macromolecules. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in kidney were significantly reduced (P < .001) by the intervening agents compared to urolithic rats. Therefore, polyacrylic acid and vitamin E in combination could be a potential formulation for better management of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Venkataseshan Jagannathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Nachiappa Ganesh Rajesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Adenine overload induces ferroptosis in human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:104. [PMID: 35110539 PMCID: PMC8810935 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of crystal nephropathy involves deposition of intratubular crystals, tubular obstruction and cell death. The deposition of 8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) crystals within kidney tubules, for instance, is caused by a hereditary deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyl transferase in humans or adenine overload in preclinical models. However, the downstream pathobiological patterns of tubular cell attrition in adenine/DHA-induced nephropathy remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated: (i) the modes of adenine-induced tubular cell death in an experimental rat model and in human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC); and (ii) the therapeutic effect of the flavonoid baicalein as a novel cell death inhibitor. In a rat model of adenine diet-induced crystal nephropathy, significantly elevated levels of tubular iron deposition and lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynonenal; 4-HNE) were detected. This phenotype is indicative of ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated necrosis. In cultures of human primary PTEC, adenine overload-induced significantly increased mitochondrial superoxide levels, mitochondrial depolarisation, DNA damage and necrotic cell death compared with untreated PTEC. Molecular interrogation of adenine-stimulated PTEC revealed a significant reduction in the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and the significant increase in 4-HNE compared with untreated PTEC, supporting the concept of ferroptotic cell death. Moreover, baicalein treatment inhibited ferroptosis in adenine-stimulated PTEC by selectively modulating the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and thus, suppressing mitochondrial superoxide production and DNA damage. These data identify ferroptosis as the primary pattern of PTEC necrosis in adenine-induced nephropathy and establish baicalein as a potential therapeutic tool for the clinical management of ferroptosis-associated crystal nephropathies (e.g., DHA nephropathy, oxalate nephropathy).
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Aranda-Rivera AK, Srivastava A, Cruz-Gregorio A, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Mulay SR, Scholze A. Involvement of Inflammasome Components in Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020246. [PMID: 35204131 PMCID: PMC8868482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes with an important role in the innate immune response. Canonical activation of inflammasomes results in caspase-1 activation and maturation of cytokines interleukin-1β and -18. These cytokines can elicit their effects through receptor activation, both locally within a certain tissue and systemically. Animal models of kidney diseases have shown inflammasome involvement in inflammation, pyroptosis and fibrosis. In particular, the inflammasome component nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and related canonical mechanisms have been investigated. However, it has become increasingly clear that other inflammasome components are also of importance in kidney disease. Moreover, it is becoming obvious that the range of molecular interaction partners of inflammasome components in kidney diseases is wide. This review provides insights into these current areas of research, with special emphasis on the interaction of inflammasome components and redox signalling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial function. We present our findings separately for acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. As we strictly divided the results into preclinical and clinical data, this review enables comparison of results from those complementary research specialities. However, it also reveals that knowledge gaps exist, especially in clinical acute kidney injury inflammasome research. Furthermore, patient comorbidities and treatments seem important drivers of inflammasome component alterations in human kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Anjali Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Shrikant R. Mulay
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Alexandra Scholze
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Elmonem MA, Veys KRP, Prencipe G. Nephropathic Cystinosis: Pathogenic Roles of Inflammation and Potential for New Therapies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020190. [PMID: 35053306 PMCID: PMC8773784 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of several inflammatory pathways has recently been documented in patients and different cellular and animal models of nephropathic cystinosis. Upregulated inflammatory signals interact with many pathogenic aspects of the disease, such as enhanced oxidative stress, abnormal autophagy, inflammatory cell recruitment, enhanced cell death, and tissue fibrosis. Cysteamine, the only approved specific therapy for cystinosis, ameliorates many but not all pathogenic aspects of the disease. In the current review, we summarize the inflammatory mechanisms involved in cystinosis and their potential impact on the disease pathogenesis and progression. We further elaborate on the crosstalk between inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis, and discuss the potential of experimental drugs for suppressing the inflammatory signals in cystinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Elmonem
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11628, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo 11517, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Koenraad R. P. Veys
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Development & Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Pediatrics, AZ Delta Campus, 8820 Torhout, Belgium
| | - Giusi Prencipe
- Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
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Sridharan B, Jagannathan V, Rajesh NG, Viswanathan P. Combined effect of polyacrylic acid and vitamin E in preventing calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the kidneys of experimental hyperoxaluric rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Venkataseshan Jagannathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Nachiappa Ganesh Rajesh
- Department of Pathology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Puducherry India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
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Bui A, Cortese C, Porter IE. Secondary oxalate nephropathy in an athletic woman with a duplex collecting system and ureteral fibrosis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e246745. [PMID: 34972778 PMCID: PMC8720957 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Bui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Cherise Cortese
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ivan E Porter
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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