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Köprülüoğlu M, Saraç DC, Naz İ, Gerdan V, Solmaz D, Akar S. Investigation of the psychometric properties of "exercise Benefits/Barriers scale" in Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Physiother Theory Pract 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38767081 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2024.2353259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic disease accompanied by several symptoms and functional disabilities. Physical activity (PA) is crucial for disease management and patients' perception of exercise is essential for a rehabilitation plan. PURPOSE This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS) that is frequently used in previous studies in the RA population. METHODS We included a total of 104 patients in our study. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,k). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Scale (BRAFS) were used for the convergent validity of the scale. For discriminant validity analysis, the total barriers and benefits scores were examined according to exercise status (yes/no), PA level (high/low), and fatigue severity (high/low). Additionally, standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change with 95% confidence (MDC95) are calculated. RESULTS EBBS subscores showed moderate to excellent reliability (ICC: 0.71 to 0.98) and correlated PA (r = 0.453 and 0.515, EBBS-barriers and benefits subscores, respectively) and fatigue (r=-0.261 and -0.393, EBBS-barriers and benefits subscores, respectively). The SEM and MDC95 values were calculated as 2.03 and 7.96 for EBBS-benefits subscores and 0.93 and 3.65 for EBBS-barriers subscores. The EBBS-Benefits and Barriers subscores differed according to exercise status (p = .08), PA level (p < .01), and fatigue (p = .08). CONCLUSION The results highlighted that the EBBS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess exercise benefits and barriers in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Köprülüoğlu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, TURKEY
| | - Devrim Can Saraç
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, TURKEY
| | - İlknur Naz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, TURKEY
| | - Vedat Gerdan
- Çiğli State Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Izmir, TURKEY
| | - Dilek Solmaz
- Division of Rheumatology, Izmir Katip Celebi University School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir, TURKEY
| | - Servet Akar
- Division of Rheumatology, Izmir Katip Celebi University School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir, TURKEY
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Ayyıldız A, Yılmaz F, Altındaş H, Çiftci S, Kuran B. Effects of Aerobic and Resistive Exercise on Muscle Measurements and Body Composition in Female Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 102:1076-1084. [PMID: 37204935 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to show the effects of different exercise types on disease activity, pain, functional status, and quality of life in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity or in remission and supported these findings with body composition and muscle measurements. DESIGN This randomized controlled prospective study screened female patients aged 20-50 years with rheumatoid arthritis. The patients were randomized into 12-wk resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, and control groups. RESULTS The mean age of the 66 patients was 42.5 ± 5.6 yrs. In the resistance and aerobic exercise groups compared with the control group, a positive significant difference was found in the pain, disease activity, several subparameters of quality of life, M. gastrocnemius, and M. biceps femoris muscle thickness measurements, and fat mass in the lower limbs before and after treatment ( P < 0.05). Compared with the other groups, the resistance exercise group showed a significant improvement in M. rectus femoris and M. vastus intermedius muscle thickness measurements, whole body fat mass, whole body and lower extremity lean body mass, and timed up and go test when comparing before and after treatment ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In rheumatoid arthritis patients, resistance exercises led to a significant increase in muscle thickness, functional status, lean body mass compared with other exercises; resistance exercises also resulted in a significant reduction in pain and disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Ayyıldız
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Health, Avcılar Murat Kölük State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (AA); and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (FY, HA, SÇ, BK)
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Luciano N, Barone E, Timilsina S, Gershwin ME, Selmi C. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 65:403-419. [PMID: 38157095 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-023-08975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by an increased risk of cardiovascular events, due to the complex interplay between traditional and disease-related risk factors. Chronic inflammation and persistent disease activity are the key determinants of this risk, but despite great improvement in the disease management and prognosis, cardiovascular events are still the main cause of morbidity and mortality in RA cohorts1. In the last decades, the advent of new biological and targeted-synthetic DMARDs was accompanied by an improvement in disease activity control, but the role of each class of drugs on CVD risk is still a matter a debate. Since their approval for RA treatment, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitors have been widely investigated to better understand their effects on cardiovascular outcomes. The hypothesis that the reduction of chronic inflammation with any treatment may reduce the cardiovascular risk has been recently confuted by the direct comparison of TNFα-inhibitors and JAK inhibitors in patients with RA and coexisting risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this literature review is to add to the available evidence to analyze the relationship between TNFα-inhibitors and CVD risk in patients with RA and also provide some clinical scenarios to better explain the treatment dilemmas. In particular, while data on major cardiovascular events and thromboembolism seem consistent with an inflammation-mediated benefit with TNFα-inhibitors, there remain concerns about the use of this class of bDMARDs in patients with chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Luciano
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Barone
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Suraj Timilsina
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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Wang Y, Xie H, Huang X, Chen K, Zhu Y, Yao G. Retrospective analysis and preliminary laboratory validation of treatment efficacy and blood lipid levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:3213-3223. [PMID: 37488372 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease characterized by progressive chronic inflammation resulting in destruction of synovial joints. In addition to joint involvement, abnormal blood lipid indexes have also been found in RA patients. The correlation between various blood lipid indexes and the treatment effects were assessed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, for the purposes to find a better medication strategy for RA. METHODS One hundred nineteen rheumatoid arthritis patients were recruited and divided into two groups, 45 patients with significant drug treatment effect and 45 patients with insignificant drug treatment effect through the nearest neighbor matching method in propensity score. The correlation between various blood lipid indexes and drug treatment effect of rheumatoid arthritis patients was analyzed. A mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis was constructed in the laboratory; methotrexate was treated as a positive drug. We observe and record the onset of rheumatoid arthritis in mice, as well as the proportion of immune cells, the expression of inflammatory factors, and the changes in blood lipid profiles was done. RESULTS The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in rheumatoid arthritis patients were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other indexes between the two groups (P > 0.05). Methotrexate had a good therapeutic effect on CIA model mice, and the levels of TC and HDL-C in the treatment group were higher than those in the model group. CONCLUSION There is a high correlation between the levels of TC and HDL-C in rheumatoid arthritis patients and the effect of drug treatment. In the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, we should focus on improving the blood lipid indexes such as TC and HDL-C, and explore more targeted individualized administration, so as to achieve better and faster treatment effect in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Key Points • In this research, we found that the TC and HDL-C level in RA patients' blood is highly related with the therapeutic effect, and a lower level of TC and HDL-C is better for therapeutic effect of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Han Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Keyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Yan J, Yang S, Han L, Ba X, Shen P, Lin W, Li T, Zhang R, Huang Y, Huang Y, Qin K, Wang Y, Tu S, Chen Z. Dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis: the possible mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254753. [PMID: 37954591 PMCID: PMC10634280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, of which the leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). The levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in RA decrease especially under hyperinflammatory conditions. It is conflictive with the increased risk of CVD in RA, which is called "lipid paradox". The systemic inflammation may explain this apparent contradiction. The increased systemic proinflammatory cytokines in RA mainly include interleukin-6(IL-6)、interleukin-1(IL-1)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α). The inflammation of RA cause changes in the subcomponents and structure of HDL particles, leading to a weakened anti-atherosclerosis function and promoting LDL oxidation and plaque formation. Dysfunctional HDL can further worsen the abnormalities of LDL metabolism, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the specific mechanisms underlying lipid changes in RA and increased CVD risk remain unclear. Therefore, this article comprehensively integrates the latest existing literature to describe the unique lipid profile of RA, explore the mechanisms of lipid changes, and investigate the impact of lipid changes on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Cano-García L, Manrique-Arija S, Domínguez-Quesada C, Vacas-Pérez JC, Armenteros-Ortiz PJ, Ruiz-Vilchez D, Martín-Martín JM, Redondo-Rodríguez R, García-Studer A, Ortiz-Márquez F, Mena-Vázquez N, Fernández-Nebro A. Sarcopenia and Nutrition in Elderly Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study to Determine Prevalence and Risk Factors. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112440. [PMID: 37299407 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients aged ≥65 years and identify the risk factors associated with sarcopenia. METHODS This is a multicenter, controlled, cross-sectional study of 76 RA patients and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Sarcopenia was defined according to the revised criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed. Binary regression was used to assess the relationship between sarcopenia and sex, age, duration of RA, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score in patients with RA. RESULTS Nearly 80% of participants were female, and the average age was >70 years. Patients with RA had lower muscle mass and greater adiposity (fat-to-muscle ratio mean [SD] 0.9 [0.2] vs. 0.8 [0.2]; p = 0.017) than controls, mainly in the central area (android/gynoid ratio, median [p25-p75]: 1.0 [0.9-1.2] vs. 0.9 [0.8-1.1]; p < 0.001). Twelve patients (15.8%) and three controls (3.9%) had confirmed sarcopenia (p = 0.014). Sarcopenic obesity was observed in 8/76 patients with RA (10.5%) and in 1/76 controls (1.3%) (p = 0.016). The factors associated with sarcopenia were male sex (OR [95% CI]: 9.3 [1.1-80.4]; p = 0.042), disease duration (OR [95% CI]: 1.1 [1.0-1.2]; p = 0.012), and nutritional status according to the MNA (OR [95% CI]: 0.7 [0.5-0.9]; p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that patients with RA aged ≥65 years may be at increased risk for sarcopenia, adiposity, and malnutrition (especially male patients with long-standing disease) and have poor nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cano-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Manrique-Arija
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro J Armenteros-Ortiz
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Desiré Ruiz-Vilchez
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Martín-Martín
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Aimara García-Studer
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Ortiz-Márquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Natalia Mena-Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Nebro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Do Disease-Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs and Exercise Therapy Have a Combined Effect on Disease Activity in Patients with RA? A Scoping Review. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2023; 25:69-81. [PMID: 36867308 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-023-01098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In addition to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment, exercise is increasingly promoted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although both are known to reduce disease activity, few studies have investigated the combined effects of these interventions on disease activity. The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of the reported evidence on whether a combined effect-i.e., a greater reduction in disease activity outcome measures-can be detected in studies where an exercise intervention was performed in addition to the DMARD treatment in patients with RA. This scoping review followed the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed for exercise intervention studies in patients with RA treated with DMARDs. Studies without a non-exercise control group were excluded. Included studies reported on (components of) DAS28 and DMARD use and were assessed for methodological quality using version 1 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. For each study, comparisons between groups (i.e., exercise + medication vs. medication only) were reported on disease activity outcome measures. Study data related to the exercise intervention, medication use, and other relevant factors were extracted to assess what may have influenced disease activity outcomes in the included studies. RECENT FINDINGS A total of 11 studies were included of which 10 between-group studies on DAS28 components were made. The remaining one study focused on within-group comparisons only. Median duration of the exercise intervention studies was 5 months, and the median number of participants was 55. Six out of the 10 between-group studies reported no significant differences between groups in DAS28 components between exercise + medication vs. medication only. Four studies showed significant reductions in disease activity outcomes for the exercise + medication group compared with the medication-only group. Most studies were not adequately designed methodologically in order to investigate for comparisons of DAS28 components and had a high risk of multi-domain bias. Whether the simultaneous application of exercise therapy and DMARD medication in patients with RA has a combined effect on disease outcome remains unknown, due to weak methodological quality of existing studies. Future studies should focus on the combined effects by having disease activity as the primary outcome.
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Clinical outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention: A Korean nationwide cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281067. [PMID: 36787310 PMCID: PMC9928100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the short-and long-term prognosis of patients with and without RA who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS The Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database was used to extract data on 236,134 patients (34,493 with RA and 201,641 without RA) who underwent PCI between 2008 and 2019. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or coronary revascularization with short-term (30-day) and long-term outcomes. The secondary outcomes were the individual components of MACE. RESULTS During a 10-year follow-up, patients with RA showed a shorter median survival time from MACE than their counterparts (with RA: 4.29 years vs. without RA: 6.10 years). RA was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs in long-term outcomes (hazard ratio (HR) 1.07, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.06-1.09, p<0.001), but not with short-term outcomes (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.06, p = 0.222). RA was an independent predictor of an increased risk of all the MACE components. CONCLUSION In patients who underwent PCI, RA did not increase the risk of short-term cardiovascular outcomes but increased the risk of long-term adverse outcomes.
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Zare N, Mansoubi M, Coe S, Najafi AA, Bailey K, Harrison K, Sheehan J, Dawes H, Barker K. An investigation into the relationship between nutritional status, dietary intake, symptoms and health-related quality of life in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36593466 PMCID: PMC9806873 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between diet, symptoms and health related quality of life in children and young people with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is not clearly understood. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to explore the evidence for a relationship between nutritional status, dietary intake, arthritis symptoms, disease activity and health-related quality of life in children and young people with JIA considering both observational and interventional studies separately. METHOD The databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched in October 2019, updated in September 2020 and October 2021. Searches were restricted to English language, human and age (2-18 years old). Studies were included if they measured the effect of dietary supplements, vitamins or minerals, or diet in general, on quality of life and/ or arthritis symptom management. Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts. Full texts were sourced for relevant articles. PRISMA guidelines were used for extracting data. For variables (vitamin D and disease activity), a random-effects meta-analysis model was performed. Two authors using a standardized data extraction form, extracted data independently. RESULTS 11,793 papers were identified through database searching, 26 studies met our inclusion criteria with 1621 participants. Overall studies quality were fair to good. Results from controlled trial and case control studies with total 146 JIA patients, found that Ɯ-3 PUFA improved the mean active joint count (p < 0.001), Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS-27) (p < 0.001) and immune system (≤ 0.05). Furthermore, n-3 and n-6 PUFAs have a negative correlation with CRP (C-reactive protein) and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) (p < 0.05). Improvement in JIA symptoms were observed in one case, one pilot and one exploratory study with overall 9 JIA patients after receiving Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) which contains protein and what is required for a complete nutrition, A clinical trial study found Kre-Celazine nutrition (composed of a proprietary alkali buffered, creatine monohydrate and fatty acids mixture) in 16 JIA patients improved symptoms of JIA. No association was found between vitamin D and disease activity from three studies. Height and weight values in relation to healthy controls varied across studies (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS We were only able to include small studies, of lower design hierarchy, mainly pilot studies. We found some evidence of lower height and weight across studies in JIA, but were unable to confirm an association between diet, symptoms and health-related quality of life in children and young people with JIA. Well-designed, carefully measured and controlled interventional studies of dietary patterns in combination with important contributing factors such as medication and lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity, are required to determine the impact of diet in improving symptoms and growth patterns in children and young people with JIA, with an aim to improve the quality of their life. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO [CRD42019145587].
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Zare
- Paediatric Nursing, Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Maedeh Mansoubi
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Shelly Coe
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences, Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Clinical Allied Technology and Trial Services Unit (OxCATTS), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Aminalsharieh Najafi
- Health and Social Care, Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Bailey
- Consultant Paediatric Rheumatology, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Harrison
- Consultant Paediatric Rheumatology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trusts, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Sheehan
- BSc Physiotherapy Clinical Specialist Physiotherapist in Paediatric Rheumatology, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Dawes
- Professor Of Clinical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Barker
- Professor of Physiotherapy NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Dietzel R, Wiegmann S, Borucki D, Detzer C, Zeiner KN, Schaumburg D, Buehring B, Buttgereit F, Armbrecht G. Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using the revised EWGSOP2 and the FNIH definition. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2022-002600. [PMID: 36180102 PMCID: PMC9528715 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic inflammation can enhance the development of sarcopenia with a depletion of muscle mass, strength and performance. Currently, a consensus definition for sarcopenia and solid results for the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with RA are lacking. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 289 patients ≥18 years with RA were recruited. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure appendicular lean mass. Assessment of muscle function included grip strength, gait speed and chair rise time. Prevalence of sarcopenia was defined using the updated European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) definition. In addition, the RA study population was compared with existing data of healthy controls (n=280). Results 4.5% of patients (59.4±11.3 years) and 0.4% of controls (62.9±11.9 years) were affected by sarcopenia according to the EWGSOP2 definition. Body weight (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.97), body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.87), C reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10), disease duration (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.36), current medication with glucocorticoids (OR 5.25, 95% CI 2.14 to 24.18), cumulative dose of prednisone equivalent (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.86) were associated with sarcopenia in patients with RA. In contrast, the prevalence was 2.8% in patients compared with 0.7% in controls when applying the FNIH definition, and body height (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.88), BMI (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.41), CRP (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11) and HAQ (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.17 to 6.59) were associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion Sarcopenia is significantly more common in patients with RA compared with controls using the EWGSOP2 criteria. The FNIH definition revealed sarcopenia in individuals with high BMI and fat mass, regardless of the presence of RA. Trial registration number It was registered at the German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS) as well as WHO Clinical Trials Registry (ICTRP) (DRKS00011873, registered on 16 March 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roswitha Dietzel
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Wiegmann
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Borucki
- Deutsche Rheuma-Liga Bundesverband e.V, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kim Nikola Zeiner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Désirée Schaumburg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buehring
- Bergisches Rheuma-Zentrum, Krankenhaus St. Josef, Wuppertal, Germany.,Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Armbrecht
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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An Exploratory Critical Review on TNF-α as a Potential Inflammatory Biomarker Responsive to Dietary Intervention with Bioactive Foods and Derived Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162524. [PMID: 36010524 PMCID: PMC9407274 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review collects and critically examines data on the levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in lean, overweight and obese subjects, and the effects of intervention with different foods and food products containing bioactive constituents in overweight/obese individuals. We additionally explore the influence of different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on TNF-α levels and compare the response to food products with that to some anti-obesity drugs. Our aim was to provide an overview of the variability, consistency, and magnitude of the reported effects of dietary factors on TNF-α, and to envisage the reliability of measuring changes in the levels of this cytokine as a biomarker responsive to food intervention in association with the reduction in body weight. Regarding the circulating levels of TNF-α, we report: (i) a large intra-group variability, with most coefficients of variation (CV%) values being ≥30% and, in many cases, >100%; (ii) a large between-studies variability, with baseline TNF-α values ranging from <1.0 up to several hundred pg/mL; (iii) highly variable effects of the different dietary approaches with both statistically significant and not significant decreases or increases of the protein, and the absolute effect size varying from <0.1 pg/mL up to ≈50 pg/mL. Within this scenario of variability, it was not possible to discern clear differentiating limits in TNF-α between lean, overweight, and obese individuals or a distinct downregulatory effect on this cytokine by any of the different dietary approaches reviewed, i.e., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), Vitamin-D (VitD), mixed (micro)nutrients, (poly)phenols or other phytochemicals. Further, there was not a clear relationship between the TNF-α responses and body weight changes. We found similarities between dietary and pharmacological treatments in terms of variability and limited evidence of the TNF-α response. Different factors that contribute to this variability are discussed and some specific recommendations are proposed to reinforce the need to improve future studies looking at this cytokine as a potential biomarker of response to dietary approaches.
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12
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Shin A, Choi SR, Han M, Ha YJ, Lee YJ, Lee EB, Kang EH. Association between sarcopenia defined as low lean mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and comorbidities of rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a nationwide cross-sectional health examination. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 57:152090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Doubek JGC, Kahlow BS, Nisihara R, Skare TL. Rheumatoid arthritis and nutritional profile: A study in Brazilian females. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:1145-1151. [PMID: 35880491 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may have nutritional impairment. In RA, muscle loss is associated with an increase in fat tissue, and the patients may not have body mass index (BMI) alterations. AIM To study the nutritional status in a sample of patients with RA in Brazil through mini nutritional assessment (MNA) and electric bioimpedance and its relationship to BMI, functionality, disease activity, and treatment. METHODS Seventy-one RA females were included. Chart review was used to obtain epidemiological, clinical, and treatment data. Patients answered the MNA and were submitted to electrical bioimpedance and anthropometric measurements. Disease activity was assessed through simple disease activity index (SDAI), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), and function, through health assessment questionnaire (HAQ). RESULTS According to MNA, 23 (32.4%) patients were at risk for malnutrition and 1 (1.4%) was malnourished. MNA were associated with disease activity and function impairment (SDAI P = .02; CDAI P = .02, and HAQ P = .002) but not with used medications. According to BMI, 76% were overweight or obese. An increased percentage of body fat was found in 98.7% and a lower percentage of lean mass in 95.7%. Disease activity and function were not associated with the percentage of body fat of any used medications, with a lower percentage of body fat in those using abatacept (P = .01). CONCLUSION Almost one-third of patients had nutritional impairment according to MNA which was associated with disease activity and loss of function. Almost the whole sample had an increased percentage of fat mass and a diminished percentage of muscle mass that could not be linked with disease activity, function or used medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara S Kahlow
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renato Nisihara
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thelma L Skare
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie, Curitiba, Brazil
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14
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Joo YB, Lee KB, Sul B, Lee HS, Lim SH, Park YJ. Effect of resistance exercise on serum leptin levels in a prospective longitudinal study of women patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:76. [PMID: 35346353 PMCID: PMC8962456 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise has an anti-inflammatory effect and reduces fat mass. Leptin has been known to be proinflammatory adipokines mainly produced by adipocytes. However, few studies have investigated the association between exercise and changes in serum leptin levels of patients with RA. This study evaluated the effect of an individualized resistance exercise on inflammatory markers including leptin as well as muscle strength and exercise capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A total of 42 age- and sex-matched participants were assigned to a resistance exercise program (60 min, once a week for 12 weeks, and self-exercise twice a week) or to a control group. Muscle strength, exercise capacities, and inflammatory markers such as cytokines and adipokines were assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks follow-up. Longitudinal changes in muscle strength, exercise capacity, cytokines, and adipokines between groups were tested with repeated measures analysis of variance or using the generalized estimating equation, with adjustment for baseline disease activity score 28-C response protein as a covariate. Results A total of 37 of 42 female patients with RA completed this prospective intervention study. Grip strength improved significantly in the exercise group (P < 0.05), while no between-group changes were found. Quadriceps contraction power (P for group-time interaction = 0.035 for the right side and P for group-time interaction = 0.012 for the left side) and 6-minute walking distance (P for group-time interaction = 0.021) were all improved significantly in the exercise group compared with the control group. In addition, serum leptin levels were significantly decreased in the exercise group compared with the control group (P for group-time interaction = 5.22 × 10−5), but not the other cytokines or adipokines. The change in serum leptin levels correlated with the changes in fat mass (Rho = 0.491, P= 0.015) and visceral fat area (Rho = 0.501, P= 0.013). Conclusion In addition to muscle strength and exercise capacity, the 12 weeks of individualized resistance exercise reduced serum leptin levels in keeping with body fat mass or visceral fat area, suggesting that serum leptin levels might be a surrogate marker of exercise in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bin Joo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Bo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Sul
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Soon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea.,Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yune-Jung Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lindqvist HM, Wallengren O, Eriksson A, Hulander E, Winkvist A, Bärebring L. Validity of bioimpedance for assessment of fat-free mass in women with Rheumatoid Arthritis compared to non-rheumatic controls. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:333-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Chen YC, Wang YW, Ko CH, Chen JF, Hsu CY, Yu SF, Cheng TT. Hip BMD is associated with visceral fat change: a registry study of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221134051. [DOI: 10.1177/20406223221134051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures. Visceral fat is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is inadequate knowledge on the relationship between osteoporosis and visceral fat. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and visceral fat mass in the elderly. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Subjects were enrolled from the Rheumatology Clinic. All subjects underwent baseline bone mineral density and body composition measurements using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: A total of 321 patients including 288 females and 33 males were enrolled in this study. We followed up DEXA for 1 year for fat and muscle mass change and found that 162 (50.5%) had a decrease in fat mass, 129 (40.2%) had decreased visceral fat, and 138 (43%) had decreased muscle mass. Furthermore, we found that the baseline hip T score was correlated with visceral fat decrease. Using visceral fat decrease as the outcome, we found that hip T score could predict visceral fat loss: the higher the T score, the more visceral fat loss was found [ p < 0.001, OR: 1.6, CI: (1.3–2.1)]. Conclusion: A high hip T score was associated with a future decrease in visceral fat, which may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis and CV risk. Therefore, evaluation of visceral fat may be useful for assessing CVD risk in patients with osteoporosis. Effective management of the risk of atherosclerosis and CVD is important in improving the life expectancy of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chou Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung 833
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Chi-Hua Ko
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Jia-Feng Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Chung-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Shan-Fu Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Tien-Tsai Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
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17
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dos Santos LP, Santo RCDE, Ramis TR, Portes JKS, Chakr RMDS, Xavier RM. The effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy and functionality in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259574. [PMID: 34758045 PMCID: PMC8580240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and osteoarthritis(OA) patients showed systemic manifestations that may lead to a reduction in muscle strength, muscle mass and, consequently, to a reduction in functionality. On the other hand, moderate intensity resistance training(MIRT) and high intensity resistance training(HIRT) are able to improve muscle strength and muscle mass in RA and OA without affecting the disease course. However, due to the articular manifestations caused by these diseases, these patients may present intolerance to MIRT or HIRT. Thus, the low intensity resistance training combined with blood flow restriction(LIRTBFR) may be a new training strategy for these populations. Objective To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to verify the effects of LIRTBFR on muscle strength, muscle mass and functionality in RA and OA patients. Materials and methods A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials(RCTs), published in English, between 1957–2021, was conducted using MEDLINE(PubMed), Embase and Cochrane Library. The methodological quality was assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB2.0. Mean difference(MD) or standardized mean difference(SMD) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Five RCTs were included. We found no significant differences in the effects between LIRTBFR, MIRT and HIRT on muscle strength, which was assessed by tests of quadriceps strength(SMD = -0.01[-0.57, 0.54], P = 0.96; I² = 58%) and functionality measured by tests with patterns similar to walking(SMD = -0.04[-0.39, 0.31], P = 0.82; I² = 0%). Compared to HIRT, muscle mass gain after LIRTBFR was reported to be similar. When comparing LIRTBFR with low intensity resistance training without blood flow restriction(LIRT), the effect LIRTBFR was reported to be higher on muscle strength, which was evaluated by the knee extension test. Conclusion LIRTBFR appears to be a promising strategy for gains in muscle strength, muscle mass and functionality in a predominant sample of RA and OA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Peterson dos Santos
- Autoimmune Diseases Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo
- Autoimmune Diseases Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Rozales Ramis
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Katarina Schoer Portes
- Autoimmune Diseases Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mendonça da Silva Chakr
- Autoimmune Diseases Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Machado Xavier
- Autoimmune Diseases Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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18
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Comparison of Psoriatic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients across Body Mass Index Categories in Switzerland. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143194. [PMID: 34300360 PMCID: PMC8304983 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal body mass index (BMI) was associated with worse rheumatic markers in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aiming to describe PsA and RA patients stratified by BMI, we performed a descriptive study in PsA and RA patients (two distinct cohorts) in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases (SCQM) registry. New users of biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) were stratified by BMI at the start of their treatment (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese). The PsA underweight and normal weight categories were merged. Age at disease onset and further characteristics at the start of the first b/tsDMARD treatment were compared across BMI categories vs. the corresponding normal weight group. The study included 819 PsA (36.5% overweight, 23.8% obese) and 3217 RA patients (4.4% underweight, 31.8% overweight, 17.0% obese). Compared to the corresponding normal weight group, PsA and RA obese patients had significantly (p < 0.05) higher C-reactive protein, worse disease activity, and lower quality of life (QoL). Obese PsA patients had significantly worse skin manifestation and pain, while obese RA patients had significantly higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate and tender joint counts, as well as lower seropositive prevalence. To conclude, obese PsA and RA patients presented worse disease activity and poorer QoL than those with normal weight.
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19
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Dey M, Zhao SS, Moots RJ, Bergstra SA, Landewe RB, Goodson NJ. The association between increased body mass index and response to conventional synthetic DMARD treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the METEOR database. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:713-722. [PMID: 33930113 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data exist on the association between increased BMI and response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).We aimed to explore the association between increased (overweight or obese) BMI on csDMARD-prescribing, methotrexate-dose and disease activity over 12-months. METHODS Participants in an international RA database were stratified into early (<1year post-diagnosis) and established RA. EULAR response, DAS28 remission and treatments were recorded at baseline, 6-months and 12-months. Increased BMI was explored in early and established RA, as predictors of good EULAR response, DAS28 remission, number of csDMARDs and methotrexate-dose, using logistic and linear regression. RESULTS Data from 1313 patients, 44.3% with early RA, were examined. In early RA, increased BMI was not significantly associated with remission. In established RA, obese patients on monotherapy were significantly less likely to achieve good EULAR response or DAS28 remission at 6 months and more likely to be treated with combination csDMARDs, compared with normal BMI. In patients taking methotrexate, overweight and obese patients with early and established RA were exposed to higher methotrexate doses (mono- and combination-therapy), with a mean dose of 20mg/week, compared to 15mg/week in those of normal BMI. CONCLUSION We observed, compared to patients with normal BMI, overweight and obese individuals experienced more intensive csDMARD exposures. Similar response rates were observed in early RA but increased BMI was associated with reduced response in established RA. Optimisation of targeted RA treatment remains important, particularly in those with increased BMI where response in established disease may be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Dey
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sizheng S Zhao
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert J Moots
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.,Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, St Helen's Road, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Sytske Anne Bergstra
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert B Landewe
- Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Rheumatology, Zuyderland MC, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola J Goodson
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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20
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Kitas GD, Dimitroulas T. Cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: Where we are and how can we move forward? Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:473-476. [PMID: 33817989 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George D Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Theodoros Dimitroulas
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Agca R, Smulders Y, Nurmohamed M. Cardiovascular disease risk in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: recommendations for clinical practice. Heart 2021; 108:73-79. [PMID: 33674356 PMCID: PMC8666803 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Agca
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC and Reade, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo Smulders
- Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Nurmohamed
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC and Reade, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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22
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Ajeganova S, Wörnert M, Hafström I. Team Rehabilitation in Inflammatory Arthritis Benefits Functional Outcomes Along With Improved Body Composition Associated With Improved Cardiorespiratory Fitness. J Rheumatol 2021; 48:1371-1378. [PMID: 33526616 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.201301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of team rehabilitation in inflammatory arthritis (IA) on body composition and physical function. Further, we examined whether body composition and physical function are associated with disability and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS The participants were 149 patients (74% women) with chronic arthritis, a mean age of 53 (SD 13) years, and mean disease duration of 21 (SD 13) years. They participated in a 4-week team rehabilitation program and were evaluated at prerehabilitation, and at 3 and 12 months postrehabilitation. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and CRF by the Åstrand 6-minute cycle test. ANCOVA with Bonferroni correction and linear mixed models were applied. RESULTS After 3 and 12 months, there were significant reductions in waist circumference and measures of fat, adjusted for age, sex, and baseline measures. The prevalence of adiposity and central obesity decreased after 12 months. Hand grip strength and timed sit-to-stand (TST) improved together with reduction in Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and increased VO2max after 3 and 12 months. HAQ reduction over time was associated with prerehabilitation measures of lean mass of legs, hand grip strength, TST, and physical activity, and changes in hand grip strength, physical activity, and sedentary time, but not with changes of body composition. VO2max improvement over time was associated with prerehabilitation BMI, waist circumference, measures of fat and lean mass, changes in BMI, waist circumference, and measures of fat. CONCLUSION In patients with IA, 4-week team rehabilitation benefited body composition, level of physical functioning, activity, and CRF for up to 12 months. Measures of physical function and activity were linked to HAQ over time, whereas body composition was linked to CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ajeganova
- S. Ajeganova, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Division, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Margareta Wörnert
- M. Wörnert, RN, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingiäld Hafström
- I. Hafström, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Dawson LP, Dinh D, O'Brien J, Duffy SJ, Guymer E, Brennan A, Clark D, Oqueli E, Hiew C, Freeman M, Reid CM, Ajani AE. Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Am J Cardiol 2021; 140:39-46. [PMID: 33144158 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthritis and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Evidence regarding outcomes following PCI is limited. This study aimed to assess differences in outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between patients with and without RA. The Melbourne Interventional Group PCI registry (2005 to 2018) was used to identify 756 patients with RA. Outcomes were compared with the remaining cohort (n = 38,579). Patients with RA were older, more often female, with higher rates of hypertension, previous stroke, peripheral vascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic lung disease, myocardial infarction, and renal impairment, whereas rates of dyslipidemia and current smoking were lower, all p <0.05. Lesions in patients with RA were more frequently complex (ACC/AHA type B2/C), requiring longer stents, with higher rates of no reflow, all p <0.05. Risk of long-term mortality, adjusted for potential confounders, was higher for patients with RA (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 1.80; median follow-up 5.0 years), whereas 30-day outcomes including mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, bleeding, stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery, and target vessel revascularization were similar. In subgroup analysis, patients with RA and lower BMI (Pfor interaction < 0.001) and/or acute coronary syndromes (Pfor interaction = 0.05) had disproportionately higher risk of long-term mortality compared with patients without RA. In conclusion, patients with RA who underwent PCI had more co-morbidities and longer, complex coronary lesions. Risk of short-term adverse outcomes was similar, whereas risk of long-term mortality was higher, especially among patients with acute coronary syndromes and lower body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke P Dawson
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diem Dinh
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica O'Brien
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Duffy
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Guymer
- Department of Rheumatology, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Brennan
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Clark
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ernesto Oqueli
- Department of Cardiology, Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chin Hiew
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Freeman
- Department of Cardiology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew E Ajani
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Melbourne University, Victoria, Australia.
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24
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Plein S, Erhayiem B, Fent G, Horton S, Dumitru RB, Andrews J, Greenwood JP, Emery P, Hensor EM, Baxter P, Pavitt S, Buch MH. Cardiovascular effects of biological versus conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in treatment-naïve, early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1414-1422. [PMID: 32859608 PMCID: PMC7569379 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) have cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is modifiable with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy, comparing first-line etanercept (ETN) + methotrexate (MTX) with MTX strategy. METHODS Patients from a phase IV ERA trial randomised to ETN+MTX or MTX strategy±month 6 escalation to ETN+MTX, and with no CVD and maximum one traditional risk factor underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at baseline, years 1 and 2. Thirty matched controls underwent CMR. Primary outcome measure was aortic distensibility (AD) between controls and ERA, and baseline to year 1 AD change in ERA. Secondary analyses between and within ERA groups performed. Additional outcome measures included left ventricular (LV) mass and myocardial extracellular volume (ECV). RESULTS Eighty-one patients recruited. In ERA versus controls, respectively, baseline (geometric mean, 95% CI) AD was significantly lower (3.0×10-3 mm Hg-1 (2.7-3.3) vs 4.4×10-3 mm Hg-1 (3.7-5.2), p<0.001); LV mass significantly lower (78.2 g (74.0-82.7), n=81 vs 92.9 g (84.8-101.7), n=30, p<0.01); and ECV increased (27.1% (26.4-27.9), n=78 vs 24.9% (23.8-26.1), n=30, p<0.01). Across all patients, AD improved significantly from baseline to year 1 (3.0×10-3 mm Hg-1 (2.7-3.4) to 3.6×10-3 mm Hg-1 (3.1-4.1), respectively, p<0.01), maintained at year 2. The improvement in AD did not differ between the two treatment arms and disease activity state (Disease Activity Score with 28 joint count)-erythrocyte sedimentation rate-defined responders versus non-responders. CONCLUSION We report the first evidence of vascular and myocardial abnormalities in an ERA randomised controlled trial cohort and show improvement with DMARD therapy. The type of DMARD (first-line tumour necrosis factor-inhibitors or MTX) and clinical response to therapy did not affect CVD markers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN: ISRCTN89222125; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01295151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Plein
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Bara Erhayiem
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Fent
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Horton
- Central Lancashire Moving Well Service, Lancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | - Raluca Bianca Dumitru
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jacqueline Andrews
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John P Greenwood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ma Hensor
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Baxter
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sue Pavitt
- Dental Translational and Clinical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Maya H Buch
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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25
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Tekgoz E, Colak S, Ozalp Ates FS, Sonaeren I, Yilmaz S, Cinar M. Sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis: Is it a common manifestation? Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:1685-1691. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Tekgoz
- Gulhane Faculty of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine University of Health Sciences Turkey Ankara Turkey
| | - Seda Colak
- Gulhane Faculty of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine University of Health Sciences Turkey Ankara Turkey
| | | | - Ilknur Sonaeren
- Gulhane Faculty of Medicine Department of Nutrition and Dietetic University of Health Sciences Ankara Turkey
| | - Sedat Yilmaz
- Gulhane Faculty of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine University of Health Sciences Turkey Ankara Turkey
| | - Muhammet Cinar
- Gulhane Faculty of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine University of Health Sciences Turkey Ankara Turkey
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Jamthikar AD, Gupta D, Puvvula A, Johri AM, Khanna NN, Saba L, Mavrogeni S, Laird JR, Pareek G, Miner M, Sfikakis PP, Protogerou A, Kitas GD, Kolluri R, Sharma AM, Viswanathan V, Rathore VS, Suri JS. Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using carotid ultrasound B-mode imaging. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40:1921-1939. [PMID: 32857281 PMCID: PMC7453675 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease that affects synovial joints and has various extra-articular manifestations, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with RA experience a higher risk of CVD, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Inflammation is a common phenomenon in RA and CVD. The pathophysiological association between these diseases is still not clear, and, thus, the risk assessment and detection of CVD in such patients is of clinical importance. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has gained prominence in advancing healthcare and, therefore, may further help to investigate the RA-CVD association. There are three aims of this review: (1) to summarize the three pathophysiological pathways that link RA to CVD; (2) to identify several traditional and carotid ultrasound image-based CVD risk calculators useful for RA patients, and (3) to understand the role of artificial intelligence in CVD risk assessment in RA patients. Our search strategy involves extensively searches in PubMed and Web of Science databases using search terms associated with CVD risk assessment in RA patients. A total of 120 peer-reviewed articles were screened for this review. We conclude that (a) two of the three pathways directly affect the atherosclerotic process, leading to heart injury, (b) carotid ultrasound image-based calculators have shown superior performance compared with conventional calculators, and (c) AI-based technologies in CVD risk assessment in RA patients are aggressively being adapted for routine practice of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush D Jamthikar
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, MH, India
| | - Deep Gupta
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, MH, India
| | | | - Amer M Johri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Narendra N Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - John R Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St Helena, CA, USA
| | - Gyan Pareek
- Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Martin Miner
- Men's Health Center, Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Rheumatology Unit, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Protogerou
- Department of Cardiovascular Prevention, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George D Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | | | - Aditya M Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- MV Hospital for Diabetes and Professor M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Vijay S Rathore
- Nephrology Department, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA.
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27
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Kamel FH, Basha MA, Alsharidah AS, Salama AB. Resistance Training Impact on Mobility, Muscle Strength and Lean Mass in Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Rehabil 2020; 34:1391-1399. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215520941912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the efficacy of a three-month resistance training programme on the mobility, muscle strength and lean body mass of patients with pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Elsahel Teaching Hospital, outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo, Egypt. Participants: Patients with pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia. Interventions: Participants were randomized to the resistance training group ( n = 20) and control group ( n = 20). Main measures: Outcomes including mobility, muscle strength and lean body mass were measured at baseline, three months after surgical resection and 12 weeks after intervention. Results: The mean (SD) age was 51.9 (5.03) years and body mass index was 21.1 (1.13) kg/m²; 65% of patients were male. Compared to the control group, the resistance training group showed significant improvement in mobility: 400-m walk performance (270.3–256.9 seconds vs 266.4–264.2 seconds, respectively) and chair rise (13.82–12.53 seconds vs 13.77–13.46 seconds, respectively). Similarly, muscle strength was also significantly improved in the resistance training group than in the control group; we observed increase in peak torque of knee extensors ( P = 0.004), elbow flexors ( P = 0.001) and elbow extensors, improvement in lean mass of the upper limb (6.28–6.46 kg vs 6.31–6.23 kg, respectively) and lower limb (16.31–16.58 kg vs 16.4–16.31 kg, respectively). Conclusion: A three-month resistance training improved the mobility of patients with pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia. Muscle strength and lean body mass also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- FatmaAlzahraa H Kamel
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A Basha
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwag S Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr B Salama
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Choi IA, Sagawa A, Lee EY, Lee EB, Song YW. Tocilizumab Increases Body Weight and Serum Adipokine Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Independently of Their Treatment Response: a Retrospective Cohort Study. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e155. [PMID: 32508063 PMCID: PMC7279943 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Causes of weight change after tocilizumab treatment are unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of tocilizumab treatment on body weight and serum adipokine levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated weight changes in patients with RA who received methotrexate (Cohort I) or tocilizumab with methotrexate (Cohorts II and III) for 24 weeks. Adipokine concentrations at baseline and 24 weeks were analyzed in Cohorts I and III. Cohorts I and II received tocilizumab therapy for an additional 48 weeks, during which weight changes were monitored (24-72 weeks). RESULTS No significant weight change occurred after 24 weeks of methotrexate treatment (mean difference, -0.2 kg; P = 0.630), but was observed after 24 weeks of tocilizumab treatment (mean difference, +0.9 kg; P = 0.010). Weight changed regardless of the treatment response in both treatment groups. The leptin-adiponectin ratio (P = 0.015) and levels of adiponectin (P < 0.001), leptin (P < 0.001), and resistin (P = 0.003) increased significantly after 24 weeks of tocilizumab, but not methotrexate treatment. After 24, 48 and 72 weeks of tocilizumab treatment in Cohort II, mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) weight changes from baseline were +0.7 (0.0-1.4), +1.2 (0.4-2.0) and +1.1 (0.2-2.0) kg, respectively, and mean (95% CI) percent weight changes from baseline were +1.3% (0.1%-2.6%), +2.2% (0.7%-3.6%), and +2.0% (0.4%-3.7%) at 24, 48, and 72 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSION Weight and the leptin-adiponectin ratio increased after tocilizumab treatment. Given that cardiovascular (CV) risk factors may deteriorate in patients with RA who receive tocilizumab, further studies are required to determine the effects of weight gain on CV outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ah Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Akira Sagawa
- Sagawa Akira Rheumatology Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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29
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Abstract
Based on current knowledge deriving from studies in animals and humans (the general population and patients with non-communicable diseases), there is biological plausibility that exercise may have anti-inflammatory effects. This may be particularly important for patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). The present review discusses the current state-of-the-art on exercise and inflammation, explores how exercise can moderate inflammation-dependent RMD outcomes and the most prevalent systemic manifestations and addresses the relationship between the dosage (particularly the intensity) of exercise and inflammation. We conclude that present data support potential beneficial effects of exercise on inflammation, however, the evidence specifically in RMDs is limited and inconclusive. More targeted research is required to elucidate the effects of exercise on inflammation in the context of RMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Metsios
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK; School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Greece.
| | - Rikke H Moe
- National Resource Centre for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - George D Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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30
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Liphardt AM, Windahl SH, Sehic E, Hannemann N, Gustafsson KL, Bozec A, Schett G, Engdahl C. Changes in mechanical loading affect arthritis-induced bone loss in mice. Bone 2020; 131:115149. [PMID: 31715339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arthritis induces bone loss by inflammation-mediated disturbance of bone homeostasis. On the other hand, pain and impaired locomotion are highly prevalent in arthritis and result in reduced general physical activity and less pronounced mechanical loading. Bone is affected by mechanical loading, directly through impact with the ground during movement and indirectly through muscular activity. Mechanical loading in its physiological range is essential for maintaining bone mass, whereas disuse leads to bone loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of mechanical loading on periarticular bone as well as inflammation during arthritis. Mechanical loading was either blocked by botulinum neurotoxin A (Botox) injections before induction of arthritis, or enhanced by cyclic compressive loading, three times per week during arthritis induction. Arthritis was verified and evaluated histologically. Trabecular and cortical bone mass were investigated using micro-computed tomography (μCT), subchondral osteoclastogenesis and bone turnover was assessed by standard methods. Inhibition of mechanical loading enhanced arthritis-induced bone loss while it did not affect inflammation. In contrast, enhanced mechanical loading mitigated arthritis-induced bone loss. Furthermore, the increase in bone resorption markers by arthritis was partly blocked by mechanical loading. In conclusion, enhanced arthritic bone loss after abrogation of mechanical loading suggests that muscle forces play an essential role in preventing arthritic bone loss. In accordance, mechanical loading of the arthritic joints inhibited bone loss, emphasizing that weight bearing activities may have the potential to counteract arthritis-mediated bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Liphardt
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 -Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; German Sport University Cologne (DSHS Köln), Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, Köln, Germany
| | - Sara H Windahl
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Edina Sehic
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicole Hannemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 -Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karin L Gustafsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aline Bozec
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 -Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 -Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 -Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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31
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Metsios GS, Kitas GD. Should patients with rheumatic diseases take pain medication in order to engage in exercise? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:235-237. [PMID: 31928254 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1714438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George S Metsios
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK.,School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - George D Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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32
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Body composition in children with chronic inflammatory diseases: A systematic review. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:2647-2662. [PMID: 32035751 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Aberrations in body composition are expected in children suffering from chronic inflammatory conditions. The objective is to examine whether children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), coeliac disease, asthma and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have an altered body composition as compared to healthy children. METHODS A systematic review, registered in Prospero (registration number: CRD42018107645), was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. We conducted a search of three databases, Pubmed, Cochrane and Scopus. An assessment of the quality of the study was performed. RESULTS Data from 50 studies, 32 with IBD, 8 with coeliac disease, 2 with asthma and 8 with JIA, involving 2399 children were selected for review after applying the eligibility criteria. In all but 4 studies, children with Crohn's disease exhibited decreased amounts of fat mass and fat free mass. Reductions in fat mass were also evident in studies in children with coeliac disease. It is uncertain whether body composition is altered in children with asthma or JIA. CONCLUSIONS Children with Crohn's disease manifest with lowered adiposity and lean mass and therefore are likely to be at risk for suffering malnutrition-related clinical complications. Apart from Crohn's disease, data examining body composition in children with chronic inflammatory conditions are scarce and there is a paucity of reports examining the relationship between inflammation and body composition. Interpretation of the current study results is hampered by the low quality of the studies and due to the fact that the analyses have been habitually secondary outcomes.
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The effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular physiology in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2019; 40:347-357. [PMID: 31802210 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality is highly prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with debilitating effects for the individual as well as significant healthcare impact. Current evidence demonstrates that engaging in aerobic and resistance exercise (i.e. structured physical activity) can significantly improve patient-reported and clinical index-assessed outcomes in RA. In addition to this, engagement in exercise programmes improves, in a dose-dependent manner, the risk of developing CVD as well as CVD symptoms and outcomes. The present narrative review uses evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as controlled trials, to synthesize the current state-of-the-art on the potential effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on CVD risk factors as well as on cardiac and vascular function and structure in people with RA. Where there is a lack of evidence in RA to explain potential mechanisms, relevant studies from the general population are also discussed and linked to RA.
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Müller R, Kull M, Põlluste K, Valner A, Lember M, Kallikorm R. Factors Associated With Low Lean Mass in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross- Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E730. [PMID: 31717450 PMCID: PMC6915666 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate body composition (BC) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients at disease onset compared to population controls focusing on the associations between low lean mass and disease specific parameters, nutritional factors and physical activity. Materials and Methods: 91 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) (72% female) and 328 control subjects (54% female) were studied. BC- lean and fat mass parameters were measured with a Lunar Prodigy Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) machine. The prevalence, age and gender adjusted odds ratios of having low lean mass and overfat, associations between nutrition, physical activity, and ERA disease specific parameters and the presence of low lean mass were evaluated. Results: We found that the BC of patients with recent onset RA differs from control subjects-ERA patients had a higher mean body fat percentage (BFP) and lower appendicular lean mass (ALM). 41.8% of the ERA patients and 19.8% of the controls were classified as having low lean mass adjusted OR 3.3 (95% C.I. 1.9-5.5, p < 0.001). 68.1% of the ERA subjects and 47.3% of the controls were overfat (adjusted OR 1.9 (95% C.I. 1.1-3.3, p = 0.02)) and the adjusted odds of having both low lean mass and overfat were 4.4 times higher (26.4% vs. 7.0% 95% C.I. 2.3-8.4, p < 0.001) among the ERA group. Higher ESR (OR 1.03, C.I.1.002-1.051, p = 0.03), CRP (OR 1.03, C.I. 1.002-1.061, p = 0.04), lower protein intake (OR 0.98 C.I. 0.96-0.99, p = 0.04), corticosteroid usage (OR 3.71 C.I. 1.4-9.9, p < 0.01) and lower quality of life (higher HAQ score OR 2.41 C.I. 1.24-4.65, p < 0.01) were associated with having low lean mass in the ERA group (adjusted to age and gender). Conclusions: Patients with early RA have lower appendicular lean mass and higher body fat percentage compared to healthy controls. Loss of lean mass in early RA is associated with elevated inflammatory markers inducing catabolism, lower protein intake and also with GCS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raili Müller
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, 50090 Tartu, Estonia; (M.K.); (K.P.); (A.V.); (M.L.); (R.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mart Kull
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, 50090 Tartu, Estonia; (M.K.); (K.P.); (A.V.); (M.L.); (R.K.)
- Viljandi County Hospital, 71024 Viljandi maakond, Estonia
| | - Kaja Põlluste
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, 50090 Tartu, Estonia; (M.K.); (K.P.); (A.V.); (M.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Annika Valner
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, 50090 Tartu, Estonia; (M.K.); (K.P.); (A.V.); (M.L.); (R.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Lember
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, 50090 Tartu, Estonia; (M.K.); (K.P.); (A.V.); (M.L.); (R.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riina Kallikorm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, 50090 Tartu, Estonia; (M.K.); (K.P.); (A.V.); (M.L.); (R.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
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Himori K, Tatebayashi D, Ashida Y, Yamada T. Eccentric training enhances the αB-crystallin binding to the myofibrils and prevents skeletal muscle weakness in adjuvant-induced arthritis rat. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:71-80. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00102.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently suffer from muscle weakness. We examined whether eccentric training prevents skeletal muscle weakness in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat, a widely used animal model for RA. AIA was induced in the knees of Wistar rats by injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant. To induce eccentric contractions (ECCs), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (45 V) was applied to the plantar flexor muscles simultaneously with forced dorsiflexion of the ankle joint (0–40°) and was given every 6 s. ECC exercise was applied every other day for a total of 11 sessions and consisted of 4 sets of 5 contractions. There was a significant reduction in in vitro maximum Ca2+-activated force in skinned fibers in gastrocnemius muscle from AIA rats. These changes were associated with reduced expression levels of contractile proteins (i.e., myosin and actin), increased levels of inflammation redox stress-related biomarkers (i.e., TNF-α, malondialdehyde-protein adducts, NADPH oxidase 2, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase), and autolyzed active calpain-1 in AIA muscles. ECC training markedly enhanced the steady-state levels of αB-crystallin, a small heat shock protein, and its binding to the myofibrils and prevented the AIA-induced myofibrillar dysfunction, reduction in contractile proteins, and inflammation-oxidative stress insults. Our findings demonstrate that ECC training preserves myofibrillar function without muscle damage in AIA rats, which is at least partially attributable to the protective effect of αB-crystallin on the myofibrils against oxidative stress-mediated protein degeneration. Thus ECC training can be a safe and effective intervention, counteracting the loss of muscle strength in RA patients. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Eccentric contractions (ECCs) are regarded as an effective way to increase muscle strength. No studies, however, assess safety and effectiveness of ECC training on muscle weakness associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we used adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats to demonstrate that ECC training prevents intrinsic contractile dysfunction without muscle damage in AIA rats, which may be attributed to the protective effect of αB-crystallin on the myofibrils against inflammation-oxidative stress insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Himori
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tatebayashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ashida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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O'Brien CM, Duda JL, Kitas GD, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Metsios GS, Fenton SAM. Objective measurement of sedentary time and physical activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for an accelerometer and activPAL TM validation study. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2019; 30:125-134. [PMID: 32185353 PMCID: PMC7045970 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.30.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate measurement of sedentary time and physical activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is critical to identify important health consequences and determinants of these behaviours in this patient group. However, objective methods have not been well-validated for measurement of sedentary time and physical activity in RA. AIMS Specific objectives are to: 1) validate the ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer and activPAL3μTM against indirect calorimetry and direct observation respectively, and define RA-specific accelerometer cut-points, for measurement of sedentary time and physical activity in RA; 2) validate the RA-specific sedentary time accelerometer cut-points against the activPAL3μTM; 3) compare sedentary time and physical activity estimates in RA, using RA-specific vs. widely-used non-RA accelerometer cut-points. METHODS Objective 1: People with RA will wear an ActiGraph GT3X+, activPAL3μTM, heart rate monitor and indirect calorimeter, whilst being video-recorded undertaking 11 activities representative of sedentary behaviour, and light and moderate intensity physical activity. Objectives 2 and 3: People with RA will wear an ActiGraph GT3X+ and activPAL3μTM for 7 days to measure free-living sedentary time and physical activity. DISCUSSION This will be the first study to define RA-specific accelerometer cut-points, and represents the first validation of the ActiGraph accelerometer and activPALTM, for measurement of sedentary time and physical activity in RA. Findings will inform future RA studies employing these devices, ensuring more valid assessment of sedentary time and physical activity in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M O'Brien
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Joan L Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - George D Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - George S Metsios
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A M Fenton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, United Kingdom
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Chiarlitti NA, Sirois A, Andersen RE, Bartlett SJ. EXERCISE PROGRAMMING FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. ACSM'S HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/fit.0000000000000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Kitas GD. Could IL-6 inhibition prevent exercise-induced fat loss in RA? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:192-194. [PMID: 30792542 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - George D Kitas
- Clinical Research Unit, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK. .,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Atherosclerosis Imaging and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Using Machine and Deep Learning-Based Tissue Characterization. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2019; 21:7. [PMID: 30684090 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-019-0766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disease which may result in a higher risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and stroke. Tissue characterization and risk stratification of patients with rheumatoid arthritis are a challenging problem. Risk stratification of RA patients using traditional risk factor-based calculators either underestimates or overestimates the CV risk. Advancements in medical imaging have facilitated early and accurate CV risk stratification compared to conventional cardiovascular risk calculators. RECENT FINDING In recent years, a link between carotid atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis has been widely discussed by multiple studies. Imaging the carotid artery using 2-D ultrasound is a noninvasive, economic, and efficient imaging approach that provides an atherosclerotic plaque tissue-specific image. Such images can help to morphologically characterize the plaque type and accurately measure vital phenotypes such as media wall thickness and wall variability. Intelligence-based paradigms such as machine learning- and deep learning-based techniques not only automate the risk characterization process but also provide an accurate CV risk stratification for better management of RA patients. This review provides a brief understanding of the pathogenesis of RA and its association with carotid atherosclerosis imaged using the B-mode ultrasound technique. Lacunas in traditional risk scores and the role of machine learning-based tissue characterization algorithms are discussed and could facilitate cardiovascular risk assessment in RA patients. The key takeaway points from this review are the following: (i) inflammation is a common link between RA and atherosclerotic plaque buildup, (ii) carotid ultrasound is a better choice to characterize the atherosclerotic plaque tissues in RA patients, and (iii) intelligence-based paradigms are useful for accurate tissue characterization and risk stratification of RA patients.
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Wendt MMN, de Oliveira MC, Franco-Salla GB, Castro LS, Parizotto ÂV, Souza Silva FM, Natali MRM, Bersani-Amado CA, Bracht A, Comar JF. Fatty acids uptake and oxidation are increased in the liver of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:696-707. [PMID: 30593897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe rheumatoid cachexia is associated with pronounced loss of muscle and fat mass in patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis. This condition is associated with dyslipidemia and predisposition to cardiovascular diseases. Circulating levels of triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) have not yet been consistently defined in severe arthritis. Similarly, the metabolism of these lipids in the arthritic liver has not yet been clarified. Aiming at filling these gaps this study presents a characterization of the circulating lipid profile and of the fatty acids uptake and metabolism in perfused livers of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. The levels of TG and total cholesterol were reduced in both serum (10-20%) and liver (20-35%) of arthritic rats. The levels of circulating FFA were 40% higher in arthritic rats, possibly in consequence of cytokine-induced adipose tissue lipolysis. Hepatic uptake and oxidation of palmitic and oleic acids was higher in arthritic livers. The phenomenon results possibly from a more oxidized state of the arthritic liver. Indeed, NADPH/NADP+ and NADH/NAD+ ratios were 30% lower in arthritic livers, which additionally presented higher activities of the citric acid cycle driven by both endogenous and exogenous FFA. The lower levels of circulating and hepatic TG possibly are caused by an increased oxidation associated to a reduced synthesis of fatty acids in arthritic livers. These results reveal that the lipid hepatic metabolism in arthritic rats presents a strong catabolic tendency, a condition that should contribute to the marked cachexia described for arthritic rats and possibly for the severe rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria R M Natali
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jurandir F Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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The extra-articular impacts of rheumatoid arthritis: moving towards holistic care. BMC Rheumatol 2018; 2:32. [PMID: 30886982 PMCID: PMC6390577 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-018-0039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although treat-to-target has revolutionised the outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) there is emerging evidence that attaining the target of remission is insufficient to normalise patients’ quality of life, and ameliorate the extra-articular impacts of RA. RA has a broad range of effects on patient’s lives, with four key “extra-articular” impacts being pain, depression and anxiety, fatigue and rheumatoid cachexia. All of these are seen frequently; for example, studies have reported that 1 in 4 patients with RA have high-levels of fatigue. Commonly used drug treatments (including simple analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-depressants) have, at most, only modest benefits and often cause adverse events. Psychological strategies and dynamic and aerobic exercise all reduce issues like pain and fatigue, although their effects are also only modest. The aetiologies of these extra-articular impacts are multifactorial, but share overlapping components. Consequently, patients are likely to benefit from management strategies that extend beyond the assessment and treatment of synovitis, and incorporate more broad-based, or “holistic”, assessments of the extra-articular impacts of RA and their management, including non-pharmacological approaches. Innovative digital technologies (including tablet and smartphone “apps” that directly interface with hospital systems) are increasingly available that can directly capture patient-reported outcomes during and between clinic visits, and include them within electronic patient records. These are likely to play an important future role in delivering such approaches.
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Metsios GS, Kitas GD. Physical activity, exercise and rheumatoid arthritis: Effectiveness, mechanisms and implementation. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018; 32:669-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Santo RC, Fernandes KZ, Lora PS, Filippin LI, Xavier RM. Prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:816-825. [PMID: 30133186 PMCID: PMC6204596 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low muscle mass occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis without weight loss; this condition is referred as rheumatoid cachexia. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the rheumatoid cachexia prevalence. METHODS A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies published in English, between 1994 and 2016, was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) and other relevant sources. Search strategies were based on pre-defined keywords and medical subject headings. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence, and because studies reported different methods and criteria to estimate body composition and prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia, subgroup analyses were performed. Meta-regression adjusted for the 28-joint disease activity score and disease duration (years) was performed (significance level at P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Of 136 full articles (one duplicate publication) screened for inclusion in the study, eight were included. The estimated overall prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia was 19% [95% confidence interval (CI) 07-33%]. This prevalence was 29% (95% CI 15-46%) when body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. When the diagnostic criteria were fat-free mass index below the 10th percentile and fat mass index above the 25th percentile, rheumatoid cachexia prevalence was 32% (95% CI 14-52%). The 28-joint disease activity score and disease duration had no influence on the estimated prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia (P > 0.05). Most studies were rated as having moderate methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis showed a prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia of 15-32%, according to different criteria, demonstrating that this condition is a frequent comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis. To better understand its clinical impact, more studies using standardized definitions and prospective evaluations are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela C.E. Santo
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreLaboratório de Doenças AutoimunesPorto AlegreBrazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulFaculdade de MedicinaPorto AlegreBrazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreServiço de ReumatologiaPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Kevin Z. Fernandes
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreLaboratório de Doenças AutoimunesPorto AlegreBrazil
- Centro Universitário Metodista IPAPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Priscila S. Lora
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreLaboratório de Doenças AutoimunesPorto AlegreBrazil
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos SinosSão LeopoldoBrazil
| | - Lidiane I. Filippin
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreLaboratório de Doenças AutoimunesPorto AlegreBrazil
- Universidade La SalleCanoasBrazil
| | - Ricardo M. Xavier
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreLaboratório de Doenças AutoimunesPorto AlegreBrazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulFaculdade de MedicinaPorto AlegreBrazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreServiço de ReumatologiaPorto AlegreBrazil
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Impact of obesity on autoimmune arthritis and its cardiovascular complications. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:821-835. [PMID: 29885537 PMCID: PMC9996646 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity can instigate and sustain a systemic low-grade inflammatory environment that can amplify autoimmune disorders and their associated comorbidities. Metabolic changes and inflammatory factors produced by the adipose tissue have been reported to aggravate autoimmunity and predispose the patient to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic comorbidities. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are autoimmune arthritic diseases, often linked with altered body mass index (BMI). Severe joint inflammation and bone destruction have a debilitating impact on the patient's life; there is also a staggering risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, these patients are at risk of developing metabolic symptoms, including insulin resistance resulting in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, arthritis severity, progression and response to therapy can be markedly affected by the patient's BMI. Hence, a complex integrative pathogenesis interconnects autoimmunity with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. This review aims to shed light on the network that connects obesity with RA, PsA, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjӧgren's syndrome. We have focused on clarifying the mechanism by which obesity affects different cell types, inflammatory factors and traditional therapies in these autoimmune disorders. We conclude that to further optimize arthritis therapy and to prevent CVD, it is imperative to uncover the intricate relation between obesity and arthritis pathology.
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Yoshida T, Hashimoto M, Kawahara R, Yamamoto H, Tanaka M, Ito H, Masuda I, Hosoda K, Yamamoto W, Uozumi R, Morita S, Fujii Y, Mimori T, Nin K. Non-obese visceral adiposity is associated with the risk of atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:1679-1689. [PMID: 29974186 PMCID: PMC6105136 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients often have altered body composition including reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass. Some RA patients are likely to increase visceral fat without obesity [Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25]. The objective of the study was to determine the association between obesity and/or visceral adiposity and the risk for atherosclerosis in Japanese RA patients. Obesity was evaluated using the BMI, with visceral adiposity evaluated using the visceral fat area (VFA) and the visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio (V/S ratio), quantified using the dual bioelectrical impedance method. Atherosclerosis was evaluated based on the intima–media thickness (IMT) and Plaque score (PS) of the carotid artery, measured using ultrasonography. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with IMT and PS. IMT and PS were compared among groups of patients sub-classified according to BMI and VFA levels. The V/S ratio was higher in RA patients than healthy controls, after adjustment for age, BMI, and waist circumference. On multivariate analysis, the V/S ratio, but not the BMI, was independently associated with the IMT and PS. Among the sub-classifications for BMI and VFA, non-obese patients with a high visceral adiposity (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 and VFA ≥ 100 cm2) had the highest IMT (mean IMT, 0.93 ± 0.29 mm; maximum IMT, 1.44 ± 0.71 mm) and PS (1.43 ± 0.61), compared to all other BMI and VFA subgroups. RA patients have increased visceral adiposity, which is associated with a high prevalence of atherosclerotic of plaques. Non-obese RA patients who have visceral adiposity have a specifically higher risk for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Yoshida
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rie Kawahara
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamamoto
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izuru Masuda
- Medical Examination Center, Takeda Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiminori Hosoda
- Department of Lifestyle-Related Disease, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamamoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Uozumi
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Fujii
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuko Nin
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Giollo A, Bissell LA, Buch MH. Cardiovascular outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis prescribed disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: a review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17:697-708. [PMID: 29871535 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1483331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with both traditional CV risk factors and inflammation contributing to this risk. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the burden of CVD in RA and associated traditional CV risk factors, including the complexity of dyslipidemia in RA and the so-called 'lipid paradox.' Furthermore, the recognized RA-disease-specific factors associated with higher risk of CVD and the role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of CVD in RA will be addressed. With the advent of biologic and targeted synthetic therapies in the treatment of RA, the effect of conventional and newer generation disease modifying anti-rheumatic therapies (DMARDs) on CV risk and associated risk factors will also be discussed. EXPERT OPINION Identifying the RA phenotype at greatest risk of CVD, understanding the interplay of increased traditional risk factors, common inflammatory processes and RA-specific factors, and personalized use of DMARDs according to disease phenotype and comorbidity to reduce this risk are key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giollo
- a Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine , University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital , Leeds , UK.,b NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre , Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , LS7 4SA , UK.,c Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Lesley-Anne Bissell
- a Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine , University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital , Leeds , UK.,b NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre , Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , LS7 4SA , UK
| | - Maya H Buch
- a Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine , University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital , Leeds , UK.,b NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre , Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , LS7 4SA , UK
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Cardiovascular Safety of Biologics and JAK Inhibitors in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2018; 20:42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-018-0752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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48
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Fenton SAM, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Duda JL, Metsios GS, Kitas GD. Sedentary behaviour in rheumatoid arthritis: definition, measurement and implications for health. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:213-226. [PMID: 28398519 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RA is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by high grade-inflammation, and associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, rheumatoid-cachexia and functional impairment. Sedentary behaviour (SB) is linked to heightened inflammation, and is highly pervasive in RA, likely as a result of compromised physical function and persistent fatigue. This high sedentarity may exacerbate the inflammatory process in RA, and hold relevance for disease-related outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the definition, measurement and health relevance of SB in the context of RA. Contradictions are highlighted with regard to the manner in which SB is operationalized, and the significance of SB for disease outcomes in RA is outlined. The advantages and disadvantages of SB measurement approaches are also discussed. Against this background, we summarize studies that have reported SB and its health correlates in RA, and propose directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A M Fenton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - Joan L Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - George S Metsios
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - George D Kitas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
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49
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Pérez-Baos S, Prieto-Potin I, Román-Blas JA, Sánchez-Pernaute O, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G. Mediators and Patterns of Muscle Loss in Chronic Systemic Inflammation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:409. [PMID: 29740336 PMCID: PMC5928215 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its primary function in locomotion, skeletal muscle (SKM), which represents up to half of human's weight, also plays a fundamental homeostatic role. Through the secretion of soluble peptides, or myokines, SKM interacts with major organs involved in metabolic processes. In turn, metabolic cues from these organs are received by muscle cells, which adapt their response accordingly. This is done through an intricate intracellular signaling network characterized by the cross-talking between anabolic and catabolic pathways. A fine regulation of the network is required to protect the organism from an excessive energy expenditure. Systemic inflammation evokes a catabolic reaction in SKM known as sarcopenia. In turn this response comprises several mechanisms, which vary depending on the nature of the insult and its magnitude. In this regard, aging, chronic inflammatory systemic diseases, osteoarthritis and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies can lead to muscle loss. Interestingly, sarcopenia may persist despite remission of chronic inflammation, an issue which warrants further research. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) system stands as a major participant in muscle loss during systemic inflammation, while it is also a well-recognized orchestrator of muscle cell turnover. Herein we summarize current knowledge about models of sarcopenia, their triggers and major mediators and their effect on both protein and cell growth yields. Also, the dual action of the JAK/STAT pathway in muscle mass changes is discussed. We highlight the need to unravel the precise contribution of this system to sarcopenia in order to design targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez-Baos
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto-Potin
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge A Román-Blas
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Sánchez-Pernaute
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Legge A, Hanly JG. Managing premature atherosclerosis in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. CMAJ 2018; 190:E430-E439. [PMID: 29632038 PMCID: PMC5893318 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.170776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Legge
- Department of Medicine (Legge); Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology (Hanly), Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - John G Hanly
- Department of Medicine (Legge); Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology (Hanly), Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
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