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Zinellu A, Mangoni AA. The role of bilirubin as a biomarker of rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369284. [PMID: 38947324 PMCID: PMC11211262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel, yet easily measurable biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress might assist in the diagnosis and management of patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the circulating concentrations of bilirubin, the end product of heme metabolism and a potent endogenous antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, in patients with RDs and healthy controls. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 31 December 2023 for relevant articles. We evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the Joanna Briggs Checklist and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group system, respectively. In 17 eligible studies, all with low risk of bias, compared to controls, patients with RDs had significantly lower concentrations of total bilirubin (standard mean difference, SMD=-0.68, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.44, p<0.001; I2 = 92.5%, p<0.001; low certainty of evidence), direct (conjugated) bilirubin (SMD=-0.67, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.41, p<0.001; I2 = 81.7%, p<0.001; very low certainty of evidence), and the active antioxidant and anti-inflammatory indirect (unconjugated) form of bilirubin (SMD=-0.71, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.24, p=0.003; I2 = 95.1%, p<0.001; very low certainty of evidence). The results of the meta-analysis were stable in sensitivity analysis. In meta-regression, there were no significant associations between the SMD of total bilirubin and several clinical and demographic characteristics, including age, male to female ratio, number of participants, liver enzymes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In subgroup analysis, the SMD of total bilirubin was significant across a range of RDs, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren syndrome, and myositis. Therefore, the results of our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that the reductions in bilirubin concentrations observed in patients with RDs reflect a state of impaired antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defence due to bilirubin consumption and highlight the promising role of this endogenous product as a biomarker of RDs. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023500649.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Xiao H, Wang Y, Chen Y, Chen R, Yang C, Geng B, Xia Y. Gut-bone axis research: unveiling the impact of gut microbiota on postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoclasts through Mendelian randomization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1419566. [PMID: 38883609 PMCID: PMC11176613 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1419566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a prevalent disease that affects the bone health of middle-aged and elderly women. The link between gut microbiota and bone health, known as the gut-bone axis, has garnered widespread attention. Methods We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to assess the associations between gut microbiota with osteoclasts and postmenopausal osteoporosis, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the composition of gut microbiota were used as instrumental variables. By analyzing large-scale multi-ethnic GWAS data from the international MiBioGen consortium, and combining data from the eQTLGen consortium and the GEFOS consortium, we identified microbiota related to osteoclasts and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Key genes were further identified through MAGMA analysis, and validation was performed using single-cell data GSE147287. Results The outcomes of this study have uncovered significant associations within the gut microbiome community, particularly with the Burkholderiales order, which correlates with both an increase in osteoclasts and a reduced risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis. with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.400, and a P-value of 0.011. Further analysis using single-cell data allowed us to identify two key genes, FMNL2 and SRBD1, that are closely linked to both osteoclasts and osteoporosis. Conclusion This study utilizing Mendelian randomization and single-cell data analysis, provides new evidence of a causal relationship between gut microbiota and osteoclasts, as well as postmenopausal osteoporosis. It was discovered that the specific microbial group, the Burkholderiales order, significantly impacts both osteoporosis and osteoclasts. Additionally, key genes FMNL2 and SRBD1 were identified, offering new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefang Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaobin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongjin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
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Mangoni AA, Zinellu A. The diagnostic role of the systemic inflammation index in patients with immunological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:27. [PMID: 38285324 PMCID: PMC10824868 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The identification of novel, easily measurable biomarkers of inflammation might enhance the diagnosis and management of immunological diseases (IDs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate an emerging biomarker derived from the full blood count, the systemic inflammation index (SII), in patients with IDs and healthy controls. We searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to 12 December 2023 for relevant articles and evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the Joanna Briggs Checklist and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group system, respectively. In 16 eligible studies, patients with IDs had a significantly higher SII when compared to controls (standard mean difference, SMD = 1.08, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.41, p < 0.001; I2 = 96.2%, p < 0.001; moderate certainty of evidence). The pooled area under the curve (AUC) for diagnostic accuracy was 0.85 (95% CI 0.82-0.88). In subgroup analysis, the effect size was significant across different types of ID, barring systemic lupus erythematosus (p = 0.20). In further analyses, the SII was significantly higher in ID patients with active disease vs. those in remission (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI 0.34-1.27, p < 0.001; I2 = 93.6%, p < 0.001; moderate certainty of evidence). The pooled AUC was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70-0.78). Our study suggests that the SII can effectively discriminate between subjects with and without IDs and between ID patients with and without active disease. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether the SII can enhance the diagnosis of IDs in routine practice. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023493142).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford ParkAdelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Flevaris K, Kontoravdi C. Immunoglobulin G N-glycan Biomarkers for Autoimmune Diseases: Current State and a Glycoinformatics Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095180. [PMID: 35563570 PMCID: PMC9100869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective treatment of autoimmune disorders can greatly benefit from disease-specific biomarkers that are functionally involved in immune system regulation and can be collected through minimally invasive procedures. In this regard, human serum IgG N-glycans are promising for uncovering disease predisposition and monitoring progression, and for the identification of specific molecular targets for advanced therapies. In particular, the IgG N-glycome in diseased tissues is considered to be disease-dependent; thus, specific glycan structures may be involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. This study provides a critical overview of the literature on human IgG N-glycomics, with a focus on the identification of disease-specific glycan alterations. In order to expedite the establishment of clinically-relevant N-glycan biomarkers, the employment of advanced computational tools for the interpretation of clinical data and their relationship with the underlying molecular mechanisms may be critical. Glycoinformatics tools, including artificial intelligence and systems glycobiology approaches, are reviewed for their potential to provide insight into patient stratification and disease etiology. Challenges in the integration of such glycoinformatics approaches in N-glycan biomarker research are critically discussed.
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He S, Ma J, Fan C, Tang C, Chen Y, Xie C. Performance of Procalcitonin to Distinguish Fungal from Bacterial Infections in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4773-4781. [PMID: 34815675 PMCID: PMC8605806 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s337871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the performance of serum procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations to diagnose fungal infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients and Methods From January 2017 to October 2020, SLE patients hospitalized for serious infection with an identified single bacterial or fungal pathogen, as well as PCT measured within 24h after admission were included. The diagnostic performance of PCT was evaluated independently and in combination with the white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The analysis included the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and the crude and adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results Sixty-nine patients were included; 26 had a fungal infection (38%) and 43 had a bacterial infection (22 gram-positive and 21 gram-negative). Fungal infection patients were mainly distributed in the respiratory group (88.5%), and bacterial infection distribution were more prevalent in respiratory group (44.2%) and abdominal/urinary group (23.3%). The PCT concentration was significantly lower in fungal infections than bacterial infections (fungal: 0.22 ng/mL, interquartile range [IQR], 0.09-0.44 vs bacterial: 0.60 ng/mL, IQR, 0.16-5.74; p = 0.016) and differed significantly between different infection sites (p = 0.022). PCT had better diagnostic performance for predicting fungal infection (AUROC = 0.731) than the WBC count (AUROC = 0.581), the CRP level (AUROC = 0.716), and ESR (AUROC = 0.583). PCT and ESR together had the best diagnostic performance, with 46.2% sensitivity and 88.4% specificity. Further, the AUROC increased compared to PCT alone but was statistically insignificant (p = 0.693). Conclusion For SLE patients with serious infection, the PCT concentration had better diagnostic accuracy for predicting fungal infection than the WBC count, the CRP level, and ESR. Combining PCT and ESR obtained the highest AUROC and provided an acceptable discrimination performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjun He
- Department of Emergency, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Emergency, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Fan
- Department of Emergency, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Emergency, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Emergency, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Xie
- Department of Emergency, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Enhanced Plasmonic Biosensor Utilizing Paired Antibody and Label-Free Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Parkinson's α-Synuclein in Serum. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100402. [PMID: 34677358 PMCID: PMC8534275 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an acute and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and diagnosis of the disease at its earliest stage is of paramount importance to improve the life expectancy of patients. α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of PD, and there is a great need to develop a biosensing platform that precisely detects α-syn in human body fluids. Herein, we developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on the label-free iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and paired antibody for the highly sensitive and selective detection of α-syn in serum samples. The sensitivity of the SPR platform is enhanced significantly by directly depositing Fe3O4 NPs on the Au surface at a high density to increase the decay length of the evanescent field on the Au film. Moreover, the utilization of rabbit-type monoclonal antibody (α-syn-RmAb) immobilized on Au films allows the SPR platform to have a high affinity-selectivity binding performance compared to mouse-type monoclonal antibodies as a common bioreceptor for capturing α-syn molecules. As a result, the current platform has a detection limit of 5.6 fg/mL, which is 20,000-fold lower than that of commercial ELISA. The improved sensor chip can also be easily regenerated to repeat the α-syn measurement with the same sensitivity. Furthermore, the SPR sensor was applied to the direct analysis of α-syn in serum samples. By using a format of paired α-syn-RmAb, the SPR sensor provides a recovery rate in the range from 94.5% to 104.3% to detect the α-syn in diluted serum samples precisely. This work demonstrates a highly sensitive and selective quantification approach to detect α-syn in human biofluids and paves the way for the future development in the early diagnosis of PD.
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Yong SJ. Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 53:737-754. [PMID: 34024217 PMCID: PMC8146298 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome first gained widespread recognition among social support groups and later in scientific and medical communities. This illness is poorly understood as it affects COVID-19 survivors at all levels of disease severity, even younger adults, children, and those not hospitalized. While the precise definition of long COVID may be lacking, the most common symptoms reported in many studies are fatigue and dyspnoea that last for months after acute COVID-19. Other persistent symptoms may include cognitive and mental impairments, chest and joint pains, palpitations, myalgia, smell and taste dysfunctions, cough, headache, and gastrointestinal and cardiac issues. Presently, there is limited literature discussing the possible pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments in long COVID, which the current review aims to address. In brief, long COVID may be driven by long-term tissue damage (e.g. lung, brain, and heart) and pathological inflammation (e.g. from viral persistence, immune dysregulation, and autoimmunity). The associated risk factors may include female sex, more than five early symptoms, early dyspnoea, prior psychiatric disorders, and specific biomarkers (e.g. D-dimer, CRP, and lymphocyte count), although more research is required to substantiate such risk factors. While preliminary evidence suggests that personalized rehabilitation training may help certain long COVID cases, therapeutic drugs repurposed from other similar conditions, such as myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and mast cell activation syndrome, also hold potential. In sum, this review hopes to provide the current understanding of what is known about long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Marstein HS, Godang K, Flatø B, Sjaastad I, Bollerslev J, Sanner H. Bone mineral density and explanatory factors in children and adults with juvenile dermatomyositis at long term follow-up; a cross sectional study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2021; 19:56. [PMID: 33902632 PMCID: PMC8077908 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-021-00543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in children and adolescents. Both the disease and its treatment with glucocorticoids may negatively impact bone formation. In this study we compare BMD in patients (children/adolescence and adults) with long-standing JDM with matched controls; and in patients, explore how general/disease characteristics and bone turnover markers are associated with BMD. METHODS JDM patients (n = 59) were examined median 16.8y (range 6.6-27.0y) after disease onset and compared with 59 age/sex-matched controls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure BMD of the whole body and lumbar spine (spine) in all participants, and of ultra-distal radius, forearm and total hip in participants ≥20y only. Markers of bone turnover were analysed, and associations with outcomes explored. RESULTS Reduced BMD Z-scores (<-1SD) were found in 19 and 29% of patients and 7 and 9% of controls in whole body and spine, respectively (p-values < 0.05). BMD and BMD Z-scores for whole body and spine were lower in all patients and for < 20y compared with their respective controls. In participants ≥20y, only BMD and BMD Z-score of forearm were lower in the patients versus controls. In patients, BMD Z-scores for whole body and/or spine were found to correlate negatively with prednisolone use at follow-up (yes/no) (age < 20y), inflammatory markers (age ≥ 20y) and levels of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) (both age groups). In all patients, prednisolone use at follow-up (yes/no) and age ≥ 20y were independent correlates of lower BMD Z-scores for whole body and spine, respectively. CONCLUSION In long-term JDM, children have more impairment of BMD than adults in spine and whole-body. Associations with BMD were found for both prednisolone and inflammatory markers, and a novel association was discovered with the biomarker of JDM activity, IP-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Schermacher Marstein
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0027, Oslo, Norway. .,Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kristin Godang
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Medical Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Flatø
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute for Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0027 Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Medical Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute for Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Sanner
- grid.510411.00000 0004 0578 6882Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Leister I, Haider T, Mattiassich G, Kramer JLK, Linde LD, Pajalic A, Grassner L, Altendorfer B, Resch H, Aschauer-Wallner S, Aigner L. Biomarkers in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury—Technical and Clinical Considerations: A Systematic Review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2020; 34:95-110. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968319899920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To examine (1) if serological or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and (2) if literature provides recommendations regarding timing and source of biomarker evaluation. Data Sources. A systematic literature search to identify studies reporting on diagnostic and prognostic blood and/or CSF biomarkers in SCI was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science Direct, The Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and PEDro. Study Selection. Clinical trials, cohort, and pilot studies on patients with traumatic SCI investigating at least one blood or CSF biomarker were included. Following systematic screening, 19 articles were included in the final analysis. PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this review. Data Extraction. Independent extraction of articles was completed by 2 authors using predefined inclusion criteria and study quality indicators. Data Synthesis. Nineteen studies published between 2002 and April 2019 with 1596 patients were included in the systematic review. In 14 studies, blood biomarkers were measured, 4 studies investigated CSF biomarkers, and 1 study used both blood and CSF samples. Conclusions. Serum/CSF concentrations of several biomarkers (S100b, IL-6, GFAP, NSE, tau, TNF-α, IL-8, MCP-1, pNF-H, and IP-10) following SCI are highly time dependent and related to injury severity. Future studies need to validate these markers as true biomarkers and should control for secondary complications associated with SCI. A deeper understanding of secondary pathophysiological events after SCI and their effect on biomarker dynamics may improve their clinical significance as surrogate parameters in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Leister
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Spinal Cord Injury Study, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas Haider
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Mattiassich
- Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Traumacenter Graz, Teaching Hospital of the Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - John L. K. Kramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lukas D. Linde
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adnan Pajalic
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Lukas Grassner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- University Clinic of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Trauma Center Murnau, Germany
| | - Barbara Altendorfer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Resch
- Austrian Spinal Cord Injury Study, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stephanie Aschauer-Wallner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
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Conti F, Andreoli L, Crisafulli F, Mancuso S, Truglia S, Tektonidou MG. Does seronegative obstetric APS exist? "pro" and "cons". Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:102407. [PMID: 31639518 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is the commonest treatable cause of recurrent miscarriage and pharmacological treatment of pregnant patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) should aim at preventing obstetric complications and maternal thrombotic events. Conventional treatment for patients with an established diagnosis of obstetric APS (OAPS), generally resulting in over 70-80% successful pregnancies. Since seropositive (SP)-APS and seronegative (SN)-APS patients had shown similar clinical profiles, patients with SN- OAPS, as well as SP-OAPS, should receive combined treatment in order to improve the pregnancy prognosis; indeed, current standard of care increased good pregnancy outcome in SN-APS, with similar effect to confirmed APS. The above data suggest that there are patients with the clinical manifestations of OAPS but persistently negative to conventional aPL that need to be identified to ensure adequate therapy and therefore a better prognosis. The clinical utility of non-criteria aPL in the diagnosis of SN-APS is still a matter of debate. In the last decade more and more studies have reported the presence of patients suffering from SN-APS in which non-conventional ("non-criteria") aPL might be present or antibodies may be detected using methodological approaches different from the traditional assays. To improve test standardization large prospective, multicenter, and multinational studies are needed. Therefore, when assessing a patient with clinical manifestations consistent with OAPS but aPL negative using the conventional available assays, the clinician should consider the possibility that the patient is affected with SN-APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Conti
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology Unit, Dipartimento Di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Andreoli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili, Brescia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Crisafulli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili, Brescia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Mancuso
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology Unit, Dipartimento Di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Truglia
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology Unit, Dipartimento Di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria G Tektonidou
- Head of Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Greece
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11
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CRISPR/Cas9 guided genome and epigenome engineering and its therapeutic applications in immune mediated diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 96:32-43. [PMID: 31112800 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the nucleic acid editing technologies have provided a powerful tool to precisely engineer the genome and epigenome for studying many aspects of immune cell differentiation and development as well as several immune mediated diseases (IMDs) including autoimmunity and cancer. Here, we discuss the recent technological achievements of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-based RNA-guided genome and epigenome editing toolkit and provide an insight into how CRISPR/Cas9 (CRISPR Associated Protein 9) toolbox could be used to examine genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying IMDs. In addition, we will review the progress in CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-wide genome and epigenome screens in various cell types including immune cells. Finally, we will discuss the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in defining the molecular function of disease associated SNPs overlapping gene regulatory elements.
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12
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, López P, Alperi-López M, Caminal-Montero L, Ballina-García FJ, Suárez A. IRF4 and IRGs Delineate Clinically Relevant Gene Expression Signatures in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3085. [PMID: 30666255 PMCID: PMC6330328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Overactivation of the type I interferon (IFN) signature has been observed in several systemic autoimmune conditions, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Impaired control of Interferon-Responding Genes (IRGs) expression by their regulatory mechanisms, including Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs), may underlie these findings and it may explain the heterogeneity observed among these conditions. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the associations between IRF4 gene expression and those of IRGs in SLE and RA patients to gain insight about its links with the IFN signature as well as to explore the potential clinical relevance of these associations. Methods: The gene expression of IRF4 and IRGs (IFI44, IFI44L, IFI6, and MX1) in peripheral blood was analyzed in 75 SLE patients, 98 RA patients, and 28 healthy controls. A group of 13 biological-naïve RA patients was prospectively followed upon TNFα-blockade. The associations among IRF4 and IRGs were evaluated by principal component analyses (PCA), correlations and network analyses. Publicly available datasets were used for replication. Results: A broad activation of IRGs was observed in autoimmune patients, although certain heterogeneity can be distinguished, whereas IRF4 was only upregulated in RA. The differential expression of IRF4 in RA was then confirmed in publicly available gene expression datasets. PCA revealed different associations among IRF4 and IRGs in each condition, which was later confirmed by correlation and network analyses. Cluster analysis identified 3 gene expression signatures on the basis of IRF4 and IRGs expression which were differentially used by SLE and RA patients. Cluster III was associated with markers of disease severity in SLE patients. Cluster II, hallmarked by IRF4 upregulation, was linked to clinical stage and mild disease course in RA. TNFα-blockade led to changes in the association between IRF4 and IRGs, whereas increasing IRF4 expression was associated with a good clinical outcome in RA. Conclusions: The differential expression of IRF4 and IRGs observed in SLE and RA can delineate gene expression signatures associated with clinical features and treatment outcomes. These results support a clinically-relevant phenomenon of shaping of the IFN signature by IRF4 in autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Bone and Mineral Research Unit, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia López
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alperi-López
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Caminal-Montero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ballina-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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13
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Šumová B, Cerezo LA, Szczuková L, Nekvindová L, Uher M, Hulejová H, Moravcová R, Grigorian M, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Šenolt L, Závada J. Circulating S100 proteins effectively discriminate SLE patients from healthy controls: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int 2018; 39:469-478. [PMID: 30392117 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
S100 proteins are currently being investigated as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of several cancers and inflammatory diseases. The aims of this study were to analyse the plasma levels of S100A4, S100A8/9 and S100A12 in patients with incomplete systemic lupus erythematosus (iSLE), in patients with established SLE and in healthy controls (HCs) and to investigate the potential utility of the S100 proteins as diagnostic or activity-specific biomarkers in SLE. Plasma levels were measured by ELISA in a cross-sectional cohort study of 44 patients with SLE, 8 patients with iSLE and 43 HCs. Disease activity was assessed using the SLEDAI-2K. The mean levels of all S100 proteins were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to HCs. In iSLE patients, the levels of S100A4 and S100A12 but not S100A8/9 were also significantly higher compared to HCs. There were no significant differences in S100 levels between the iSLE and SLE patients. Plasma S100 proteins levels effectively discriminated between SLE patients and HCs. The area under the curve (AUC) for S100A4, S100A8/9 and S100A12 plasma levels was 0.989 (95% CI 0.976-1.000), 0.678 (95% CI 0.563-0.792) and 0.807 (95% CI 0.715-0.899), respectively. S100 levels did not differentiate between patients with high and low disease activity. Only the S100A12 levels were significantly associated with SLEDAI-2K and with cSLEDAI-2K. S100 proteins were significantly higher in SLE patients compared HCs and particularly S100A4 could be proposed as a potential diagnostic biomarker for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lenka Szczuková
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nekvindová
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Uher
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Radka Moravcová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mariam Grigorian
- Neuro-Oncology Group, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Dept. of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vencovský
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Šenolt
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Závada
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Andersen M, Boesen M, Ellegaard K, Söderström K, Søe NH, Spee P, Mørch UGW, Torp-Pedersen S, Bartels EM, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, Karlsson L, Bliddal H. Association between IL-6 production in synovial explants from rheumatoid arthritis patients and clinical and imaging response to biologic treatment: A pilot study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197001. [PMID: 29787569 PMCID: PMC5963776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The need for biomarkers which can predict disease course and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is evident. We explored whether clinical and imaging responses to biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment (bDMARD) were associated with the individual’s mediator production in explants obtained at baseline. Methods RA Patients were evaluated by disease activity score 28 joint C-reactive protein (DAS 28-)), colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and 3 Tesla RA magnetic resonance imaging scores (RAMRIS). Explants were established from synovectomies from a needle arthroscopic procedure prior to initiation of bDMARD. Explants were incubated with the bDMARD in question, and the productions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemo-attractive protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1-beta (MIP-1b) were measured by multiplex immunoassays. The changes in clinical and imaging variables following a minimum of 3 months bDMARD treatment were compared to the baseline explant results. Mixed models and Spearman’s rank correlations were performed. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results 16 patients were included. IL-6 production in bDMARD-treated explants was significantly higher among clinical non-responders compared to responders (P = 0.04), and a lack of suppression of IL-6 by the bDMARDS correlated to a high DAS-28 (ρ = 0.57, P = 0.03), CDUS (ρ = 0.53, P = 0.04) and bone marrow oedema (ρ = 0.56, P = 0.03) at follow-up. No clinical association was found with explant MCP-1 production. MIP-1b could not be assessed due to a large number of samples below the detection limit. Conclusions Synovial explants appear to deliver a disease-relevant output testing which when carried out in advance of bDMARD treatment can potentially pave the road for a more patient tailored treatment approach with better treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andersen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MA); (HB)
| | - Mikael Boesen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Ellegaard
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kalle Söderström
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
| | - Niels H. Søe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Section of Hand Surgery, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Pieter Spee
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Torp-Pedersen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Else M. Bartels
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Danneskiold-Samsøe
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Karlsson
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
| | - Henning Bliddal
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MA); (HB)
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Arakelyan A, Nersisyan L, Poghosyan D, Khondkaryan L, Hakobyan A, Löffler-Wirth H, Melanitou E, Binder H. Autoimmunity and autoinflammation: A systems view on signaling pathway dysregulation profiles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187572. [PMID: 29099860 PMCID: PMC5669448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders are characterized by aberrant changes in innate and adaptive immunity that may lead from an initial inflammatory state to an organ specific damage. These disorders possess heterogeneity in terms of affected organs and clinical phenotypes. However, despite the differences in etiology and phenotypic variations, they share genetic associations, treatment responses and clinical manifestations. The mechanisms involved in their initiation and development remain poorly understood, however the existence of some clear similarities between autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders indicates variable degrees of interaction between immune-related mechanisms. METHODS Our study aims at contributing to a holistic, pathway-centered view on the inflammatory condition of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. We have evaluated similarities and specificities of pathway activity changes in twelve autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders by performing meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using a bioinformatics pipeline that integrates Self Organizing Maps and Pathway Signal Flow algorithms along with KEGG pathway topologies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results reveal that clinically divergent disease groups share common pathway perturbation profiles. We identified pathways, similarly perturbed in all the studied diseases, such as PI3K-Akt, Toll-like receptor, and NF-kappa B signaling, that serve as integrators of signals guiding immune cell polarization, migration, growth, survival and differentiation. Further, two clusters of diseases were identified based on specifically dysregulated pathways: one gathering mostly autoimmune and the other mainly autoinflammatory diseases. Cluster separation was driven not only by apparent involvement of pathways implicated in adaptive immunity in one case, and inflammation in the other, but also by processes not explicitly related to immune response, but rather representing various events related to the formation of specific pathophysiological environment. Thus, our data suggest that while all of the studied diseases are affected by activation of common inflammatory processes, disease-specific variations in their relative balance are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsen Arakelyan
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lilit Nersisyan
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Zaven and Sonia Akian College of Science and Engineering, American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - David Poghosyan
- Group of Immune Response Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lusine Khondkaryan
- Group of Immune Response Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna Hakobyan
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Henry Löffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evie Melanitou
- Department of Parasitology and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Tavakolpour S. Towards personalized medicine for patients with autoimmune diseases: Opportunities and challenges. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Transcriptional and Cytokine Profiles Identify CXCL9 as a Biomarker of Disease Activity in Morphea. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1663-1670. [PMID: 28450066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IFN-related pathways have not been studied in morphea, and biomarkers are needed. We sought to characterize morphea serum cytokine imbalance and IFN-related gene expression in blood and skin to address this gap by performing a case-control study of 87 participants with morphea and 26 healthy control subjects. We used multiplexed immunoassays to determine serum cytokine concentrations, performed transcriptional profiling of whole blood and lesional morphea skin, and used double-staining immunohistochemistry to determine the cutaneous cellular source of CXCL9. We found that CXCL9 was present at increased concentrations in morphea serum (P < 0.0001), as were other T helper type 1 cytokines. CXCL9 serum concentration correlated with the modified Localized Scleroderma Skin Severity Index (r = 0.44, P = 0.0001), a validated measure of disease activity. CXCL9 gene expression was also increased in inflammatory lesional morphea skin (fold change = 30.6, P = 0.006), and preliminary transcriptional profiling showed little evidence for IFN signature in whole blood. Double-staining immunohistochemistry showed CXCL9 co-localized with CD68+ dermal macrophages. In summary, inflammatory morphea is characterized by T helper type 1 cytokine imbalance in serum, particularly CXCL9, which is associated with disease activity. CXCL9 expression in lesional macrophages implicates the skin as the source of circulating cytokines. CXCL9 is a promising biomarker of disease activity in morphea.
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18
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Rossetti M, Ranallo S, Idili A, Palleschi G, Porchetta A, Ricci F. Allosteric DNA nanoswitches for controlled release of a molecular cargo triggered by biological inputs. Chem Sci 2016; 8:914-920. [PMID: 28572901 PMCID: PMC5452262 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03404g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A rationally designed new class of DNA-based nanoswitches allosterically regulated by specific biological targets, antibodies and transcription factors, can load and release a molecular cargo in a controlled fashion.
Here we demonstrate the rational design of a new class of DNA-based nanoswitches which are allosterically regulated by specific biological targets, antibodies and transcription factors, and are able to load and release a molecular cargo (i.e. doxorubicin) in a controlled fashion. In our first model system we rationally designed a stem-loop DNA-nanoswitch that adopts two mutually exclusive conformations: a “Load” conformation containing a doxorubicin-intercalating domain and a “Release” conformation containing a duplex portion recognized by a specific transcription-factor (here Tata Binding Protein). The binding of the transcription factor pushes this conformational equilibrium towards the “Release” state thus leading to doxorubicin release from the nanoswitch. In our second model system we designed a similar stem-loop DNA-nanoswitch for which conformational change and subsequent doxorubicin release can be triggered by a specific antibody. Our approach augments the current tool kit of smart drug release mechanisms regulated by different biological inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rossetti
- Chemistry Department , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , Rome 00133 , Italy . ;
| | - Simona Ranallo
- Chemistry Department , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , Rome 00133 , Italy . ;
| | - Andrea Idili
- Chemistry Department , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , Rome 00133 , Italy . ;
| | - Giuseppe Palleschi
- Chemistry Department , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , Rome 00133 , Italy . ;
| | - Alessandro Porchetta
- Chemistry Department , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , Rome 00133 , Italy . ;
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Chemistry Department , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , Rome 00133 , Italy . ;
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Gohar F, Kessel C, Lavric M, Holzinger D, Foell D. Review of biomarkers in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: helpful tools or just playing tricks? Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:163. [PMID: 27411444 PMCID: PMC4944486 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) can be extremely challenging if typical arthritis is lacking. A variety of biomarkers have been described for the diagnosis and management of SJIA. However, very few markers have been well-validated. In addition, increasing numbers of biomarkers are identified by high throughput or multi-marker panels. METHOD We identified diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers by systematic literature review, evaluating each according to a predefined level of verification, validation or clinical utility. Diagnostic biomarkers were those identifying SJIA versus (1) non-SJIA conditions or healthy controls (HC) or (2) other non-systemic JIA subtypes. Prognostic biomarkers were those specifically tested for the prediction of (1) disease flare, (2) increased disease activity +/- discrimination of active versus inactive disease, or (3) macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). RESULTS Fifty-five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria identifying 68 unique biomarkers, of which 50/68 (74 %) were investigated by only a single research group. Candidate marker verification and clinical utility was evaluated according to whether markers were readily and reliably measurable, investigated by independent study groups, discovered by more than one method (i.e. verified markers) and validated in independent cohorts. This evaluation revealed diagnostic biomarkers of high interest for further evaluation in the diagnostic approach to SJIA that included heme oxygenase-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-18, osteoprotegerin, S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) and S100A8/A9. CONCLUSION In summary, a number of biomarkers were identified, though most had limited evidence for their use. However, our findings combined with the identified studies could inform validation studies, whether in single or multi-marker assays, which are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faekah Gohar
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kessel
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Miha Lavric
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Holzinger
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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Ramaiah SK, Walker DB. Regulatory Forum Opinion Piece*: Veterinary Pathologists in Translational Pharmacology and Biomarker Integration in Drug Discovery and Development. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 44:137-46. [PMID: 26839329 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315620051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights emerging roles for veterinary pathologists outside of traditional functions and in line with the translational research (TR) approach. Veterinary pathologists offer unique and valuable expertise toward addressing particular TR and associated translational pharmacology questions, identifying gaps and risks in biomarker and pathology strategies, and advancing TR team decision making. Veterinary pathologists' attributes that are integral to the TR approach include (i) well-developed understanding of comparative physiology, pathology, and disease; (ii) extensive experience in interpretation and integration of complex data sets on whole-body responses and utilizing this for deciphering pathogenesis and translating events between laboratory species and man; (iii) proficiency in recognizing differences in disease end points among individuals, animal species and strains, and assessing correlations between these differences and other investigative (including biomarker) findings; and (iv) strong background in a wide spectrum of research technologies that can address pathomechanistic questions and biomarker needs. Some of the more evident roles in which veterinary pathologists can offer their greatest contributions to address questions and strategies of TR and biomarker integration will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi K Ramaiah
- Translational Biomarkers and Clinical Pathology Labs, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dana B Walker
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Liu XF, Wang RQ, Hu B, Luo MC, Zeng QM, Zhou H, Huang K, Dong XH, Luo YB, Luo ZH, Yang H. MiR-15a contributes abnormal immune response in myasthenia gravis by targeting CXCL10. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:106-13. [PMID: 26845678 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MiR-15a is likely to be associated with autoimmunity. Here, we aimed to examine the expression of miR-15 cluster in PBMCs from myasthenia gravis (MG) patients and investigate the potential roles of miR-15a in MG. We found that the expression of all miR-15 cluster was decreased in MG, furthermore, miR-15a levels in ocular MG (oMG) were much lower, while CXCL10 production was increased in MG. We display that CXCL10 was a functional target gene of miR-15a in MG. Increasing miR-15a expression could reduce CXCL10 expression and alleviate the abnormal T cells activation in immune response, while decreasing miR-15a expression could activate immune response abnormally. Moreover, miR-15a expression was significantly decreased after stimulation, and prednisone treatment could upregulate miR-15a expression in steroid-responsive MG patients. Take together, our data suggest that decreased miR-15a expression facilitates proinflammatory cytokines production and contributes to immune response at least in part via regulating CXCL10 expression in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Qi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The first affiliation hospital of Guangxi Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Chuan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ming Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Dong
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Bei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Liquid biopsies in patients with diffuse glioma. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:849-65. [PMID: 25720744 PMCID: PMC4436687 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most common malignant primary tumors of the central nervous system. Like other neoplasms, these gliomas release molecular information into the circulation. Tumor-derived biomarkers include proteins, nucleic acids, and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles that accumulate in plasma, serum, blood platelets, urine and/or cerebrospinal fluid. Recently, also circulating tumor cells have been identified in the blood of glioma patients. Circulating molecules, vesicles, platelets, and cells may be useful as easily accessible diagnostic, prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers to guide patient management. Thereby, this approach may help to circumvent problems related to tumor heterogeneity and sampling error at the time of diagnosis. Also, liquid biopsies may allow for serial monitoring of treatment responses and of changes in the molecular characteristics of gliomas over time. In this review, we summarize the literature on blood-based biomarkers and their potential value for improving the management of patients with a diffuse glioma. Incorporation of the study of circulating molecular biomarkers in clinical trials is essential for further assessment of the potential of liquid biopsies in this context.
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23
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van der Laan JW, Gould S, Tanir JY. Safety of vaccine adjuvants: focus on autoimmunity. Vaccine 2015; 33:1507-14. [PMID: 25659277 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Questions have been recently raised regarding the safety of vaccine adjuvants, particularly in relation to autoimmunity or autoimmune disease(s)/disorder(s) (AID). The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) formed a scientific committee and convened a 2-day workshop, consisting of technical experts from around the world representing academia, government regulatory agencies, and industry, to investigate and openly discuss the issues around adjuvant safety in vaccines. The types of adjuvants considered included oil-in-water emulsions and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. The state of science around the use of animal models and biomarkers for the evaluation and prediction of AID were also discussed. Following extensive literature reviews by the HESI committee, and presentations by experts at the workshop, several key points were identified, including the value of animal models used to study autoimmunity and AID toward studying novel vaccine adjuvants; whether there is scientific evidence indicating an intrinsic risk of autoimmunity and AID with adjuvants, or a higher risk resulting from the mechanism of action; and if there is compelling clinical data linking adjuvants and AID. The tripartite group of experts concluded that there is no compelling evidence supporting the association of vaccine adjuvants with autoimmunity signals. Additionally, it is recommended that future research on the potential effects of vaccine adjuvants on AID should consider carefully the experimental design in animal models particularly if they are to be used in any risk assessment, as an improper design and model could result in misleading information. Finally, studies on the mechanistic aspects and potential biomarkers related to adjuvants and autoimmunity phenomena could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer Y Tanir
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, 1156 Fifteenth St, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
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24
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Shaikh MM, Hermans LE, van Laar JM. Is serum procalcitonin measurement a useful addition to a rheumatologist's repertoire? A review of its diagnostic role in systemic inflammatory diseases and joint infections. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 54:231-40. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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25
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Jung JY, Bae CB, Suh CH. Promising biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:601-13. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2013.846323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Rocha LF, Marangoni RG, Sampaio-Barros PD, Levy-Neto M, Yoshinari NH, Bonfa E, Steen V, Kowalski SC. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Brazilian version of the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ). Clin Rheumatol 2013; 33:699-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Konstantinov KN, Tzamaloukas A, Rubin RL. Detection of autoantibodies in a point-of-care rheumatology setting. AUTO- IMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2013; 4:55-61. [PMID: 26000143 PMCID: PMC4389050 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-013-0052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are common and confront society with serious medical, social, and financial burdens imposed by their debilitating nature. Many autoimmune diseases are associated with a particular set of autoantibodies, which have emerged as highly useful to define and classify disease, predict flares, or monitor efficacy of therapy. However, current practice for monitoring autoantibodies is protracted, labor-intensive, and expensive. This review provides an overview on the value of point-of-care (POC) biosensor technology in the diagnosis and management of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Real-time measurement of autoantibodies will clearly benefit the rheumatology practice in emergency and urgent care settings, where definitive diagnosis is essential for initiation of correct critical care therapy. Immediate serological information in clinic will provide considerable value for long-term patient care and an opportunity for an instant, result-deduced therapeutic action, avoiding delays and improving compliance, especially in field-based and remote areas. We describe the particular autoantibodies that are useful disease and activity markers and would, therefore, be attractive to POC applications. Already existing biosensors and platforms that show promise for autoantibody testing are summarized and comparatively evaluated. As POC assessment is gaining momentum in several areas of patient care, we propose that rheumatology is poised to benefit from this innovative and affordable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Konstantinov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Mail Stop MSC10-5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Antonios Tzamaloukas
- Renal Section, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA
| | - Robert L. Rubin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, MCS08-4660, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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28
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Khademi M, Dring AM, Gilthorpe JD, Wuolikainen A, Al Nimer F, Harris RA, Andersson M, Brundin L, Piehl F, Olsson T, Svenningsson A. Intense inflammation and nerve damage in early multiple sclerosis subsides at older age: a reflection by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63172. [PMID: 23667585 PMCID: PMC3646751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators have crucial roles in leukocyte recruitment and subsequent central nervous system (CNS) neuroinflammation. The extent of neuronal injury and axonal loss are associated with the degree of CNS inflammation and determine physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to explore possible associations between a panel of selected cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and robust clinical and demographic parameters in a large cohort of patients with MS and controls (n = 1066) using data-driven multivariate analysis. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13), osteopontin (OPN) and neurofilament-light chain (NFL) were measured by ELISA in 548 subjects comprising different MS subtypes (relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive and primary progressive), clinically isolated syndrome and persons with other neurological diseases with or without signs of inflammation/infection. Principal component analyses and orthogonal partial least squares methods were used for unsupervised and supervised interrogation of the data. Models were validated using data from a further 518 subjects in which one or more of the four selected markers were measured. There was a significant association between increased patient age and lower levels of CXCL13, MMP9 and NFL. CXCL13 levels correlated well with MMP9 in the younger age groups, but less so in older patients, and after approximately 54 years of age the levels of CXCL13 and MMP9 were consistently low. CXCL13 and MMP9 levels also correlated well with both NFL and OPN in younger patients. We demonstrate a strong effect of age on both inflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers in a large cohort of MS patients. The findings support an early use of adequate immunomodulatory disease modifying drugs, especially in younger patients, and may provide a biological explanation for the relative inefficacy of such treatments in older patients at later disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khademi
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann M. Dring
- Umeå University, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A. Harris
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lou Brundin
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Svenningsson
- Umeå University, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå, Sweden
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29
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Bamias G, Stamatelopoulos K, Zampeli E, Protogerou A, Sigala F, Papamichael C, Christopoulos P, Kitas GD, Sfikakis PP. Circulating levels of TNF-like cytokine 1A correlate with the progression of atheromatous lesions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2013; 147:144-50. [PMID: 23598291 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between TNF-like Cytokine 1A (TL1A) and its receptors, death receptor-3 (DR3) and decoy receptor-3 (DcR3) may be important in atherogenesis. We hypothesized that dysregulation of this system predicts formation of new atheromatic plaques in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Forty-five patients were prospectively followed up for 40.5 ± 3.6 months. Serum concentrations of TL1A and DcR3 were measured at baseline and carotid and femoral arteries examined by ultrasound at baseline and at the end of follow-up. Individual serum levels of TL1A correlated with the progression of carotid atheromatic plaque height (Spearman rho = 0.550, p = 0.003). Patients with low TL1A and undetectable DcR3 serum levels at baseline showed significantly fewer newly formed carotid plaques during the next 3.5 years than the remaining patients (P = 0.016). Univariate analysis showed that a "low TL1A/DcR3" immunophenotype predicted a preserved atherosclerosis profile in carotid (P = 0.026), or carotid and/or femoral arteries (P = 0.022). Dysregulated TL1A-induced signaling may be associated with risk for accelerated atherosclerosis in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bamias
- First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laikon Hospital, Medical School, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon Univesity, Athens, Greece
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Frangogiannis NG. Biomarkers: hopes and challenges in the path from discovery to clinical practice. Transl Res 2012; 159:197-204. [PMID: 22424424 PMCID: PMC4402218 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are objectively measured indicators of normal or pathological processes that may be helpful in diagnosis, staging, monitoring treatment, or prognostic evaluation of a disease. Although development of genomic, metabolomic and proteomic technologies has contributed to an explosion in identification of candidate analytes, validation remains expensive and challenging, and successful introduction of new biomarkers to clinical practice occurs at a very slow pace. The goal of this introductory overview is to provide the context for a series of review manuscripts published in the special issue on biomarkers. The promises and challenges of biomarker discovery are highlighted. Discovery and implementation of transformative new biomarkers in clinical practice requires close collaborations between scientists, clinicians and industry. High throughput technologies can identify a myriad of promising candidates but cannot predict their clinical value. In addition to rapid effective and systematic approaches for clinical validation, there is a need to study and establish links between the purported biomarker and the pathophysiologic basis of the disease of interest. Biomarkers are most informative when they provide insights into activation of specific pathways, thus serving as windows into the molecular basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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