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França SADS, Viana JBGDO, Góes HCA, Fonseca RRDS, Laurentino RV, Costa IB, Oliveira-Filho AB, Machado LFA. Epidemiology of the Epstein–Barr Virus in Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases in Northern Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040694. [PMID: 35458425 PMCID: PMC9028150 DOI: 10.3390/v14040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to describe the seroprevalence infection, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genotypes, relate the infection’s profile with the epidemiological and corticotherapy data of patients with Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD). A cross-sectional study was carried out with 139 individuals, 92 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 27 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 with other autoimmune diseases, who were undergoing clinical follow-up in Brazil. Serological tests for the detection of EBV anti-VCA IgM and IgG antibodies, as well as the amplification of a segment of the EBV EBNA-3c gene by conventional PCR were performed to identify the infection and the viral subtype. The Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 3 (EBNA3C) gene participates of maintenance of viral latency and infected B-lymphocytes immortalization by unclear signaling cascades. The association of active/latent EBV infection with EBV infection profile was assessed by Fisher’s exact test and multiple logistic regression. The seroprevalence of EBV anti-VCA IgG was 100%, while that of anti-VCA IgM was 1.43% (2/139). Active-phase infection was confirmed by the presence of EBV DNA in 40.29% of the population evaluated (56/139), with 45.65% (42/92) in SLE, 25.92% (7/27) in the RA and in 35% (7/20) in other autoimmune diseases. It was observed that individuals with SLE had a higher prevalence of active/lytic EBV infection and that oral corticosteroid therapy at a dose lower than 20 mg/day increased the risk of EBV activity by up to 11 times. Only the presence of EBV-1 was identified. Thus, EBV lytic infection was higher in individuals with SLE when compared to other autoimmune diseases with rheumatologic involvement and the lytic activity of the virus precedes corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samires Avelino de Souza França
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.A.d.S.F.); (H.C.A.G.); (R.R.d.S.F.)
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.B.G.d.O.V.); (R.V.L.)
| | | | - Hilda Carla Azevedo Góes
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.A.d.S.F.); (H.C.A.G.); (R.R.d.S.F.)
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.B.G.d.O.V.); (R.V.L.)
| | - Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.A.d.S.F.); (H.C.A.G.); (R.R.d.S.F.)
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.B.G.d.O.V.); (R.V.L.)
| | - Rogério Valois Laurentino
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.B.G.d.O.V.); (R.V.L.)
| | - Igor Brasil Costa
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Ministry of Brazil, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil;
| | - Aldemir Branco Oliveira-Filho
- Study and Research Group on Vulnerable Populations, Institute for Coastal Studies, Federal University of Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.A.d.S.F.); (H.C.A.G.); (R.R.d.S.F.)
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.B.G.d.O.V.); (R.V.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Lockshin MD, Barbhaiya M, Izmirly P, Buyon JP, Crow MK. SLE: reconciling heterogeneity. Lupus Sci Med 2019; 6:e000280. [PMID: 31080630 PMCID: PMC6485210 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lockshin
- Barbara Volcker Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Medha Barbhaiya
- Barbara Volcker Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Peter Izmirly
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jill P Buyon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mary K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA
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Mok CC. Biological and targeted therapies of systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence and the state of the art. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:677-692. [PMID: 28443384 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1323635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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