1
|
Christensen SB, Simonsen HT, Engedal N, Nissen P, Møller JV, Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT. From Plant to Patient: Thapsigargin, a Tool for Understanding Natural Product Chemistry, Total Syntheses, Biosynthesis, Taxonomy, ATPases, Cell Death, and Drug Development. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 115:59-114. [PMID: 33797641 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64853-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thapsigargin, the first representative of the hexaoxygenated guaianolides, was isolated 40 years ago in order to understand the skin-irritant principles of the resin of the umbelliferous plant Thapsia garganica. The pronounced cytotoxicity of thapsigargin is caused by highly selective inhibition of the intracellular sarco-endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) situated on the membrane of the endo- or sarcoplasmic reticulum. Thapsigargin is selective to the SERCA pump and to a minor extent the secretory pathway Ca2+/Mn2+ ATPase (SPCA) pump. Thapsigargin has become a tool for investigation of the importance of SERCA in intracellular calcium homeostasis. In addition, complex formation of thapsigargin with SERCA has enabled crystallization and structure determination of calcium-free states by X-ray crystallography. These results led to descriptions of the mechanism of action and kinetic properties of SERCA and other ATPases. Inhibition of SERCA depletes Ca2+ from the sarco- and endoplasmic reticulum provoking the unfolded protein response, and thereby has enabled new studies on the mechanism of cell death. Development of protocols for selective transformation of thapsigargin disclosed the chemistry and facilitated total synthesis of the molecule. Conversion of trilobolide into thapsigargin offered an economically feasible sustainable source of thapsigargin, which enables a future drug production. Principles for prodrug development were used by conjugating a payload derived from thapsigargin with a hydrophilic peptide selectively cleaved by proteases in the tumor. Mipsagargin was developed in order to obtain a drug for treatment of cancer diseases characterized by the presence of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the neovascular tissue of the tumors. Even though mipsagargin showed interesting clinical effects the results did not encourage funding and consequently the attempt to register the drug has been abandoned. In spite of this disappointing fact, the research performed to develop the drug has resulted in important scientific discoveries concerning the chemistry, biosynthesis and biochemistry of sesquiterpene lactones, the mechanism of action of ATPases including SERCA, mechanisms for cell death caused by the unfolded protein response, and the use of prodrugs for cancer-targeting cytotoxins. The presence of toxins in only some species belonging to Thapsia also led to a major revision of the taxonomy of the genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Brøgger Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Toft Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Bld 223, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Poul Nissen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Vuust Møller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Bld 1182, Room 114, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Maryland, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, The Bunting-Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Maryland, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, The Bunting-Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molbaek K, Tejada M, Ricke CH, Scharff-Poulsen P, Ellekvist P, Helix-Nielsen C, Kumar N, Klaerke DA, Pedersen PA. Purification and initial characterization of Plasmodium falciparum K + channels, PfKch1 and PfKch2 produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:183. [PMID: 32957994 PMCID: PMC7507820 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance towards known antimalarial drugs poses a significant problem, urging for novel drugs that target vital proteins in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. However, recombinant production of malaria proteins is notoriously difficult. To address this, we have investigated two putative K+ channels, PfKch1 and PfKch2, identified in the P. falciparum genome. We show that PfKch1 and PfKch2 and a C-terminally truncated version of PfKch1 (PfKch11−1094) could indeed be functionally expressed in vivo, since a K+-uptake deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was complemented by the P. falciparum cDNAs. PfKch11−1094-GFP and GFP-PfKch2 fusion proteins were overexpressed in yeast, purified and reconstituted in lipid bilayers to determine their electrophysiological activity. Single channel conductance amounted to 16 ± 1 pS for PfKch11−1094-GFP and 28 ± 2 pS for GFP-PfKch2. We predicted regulator of K+-conductance (RCK) domains in the C-terminals of both channels, and we accordingly measured channel activity in the presence of Ca2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Molbaek
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Maria Tejada
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Christina Hoeier Ricke
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Peter Scharff-Poulsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Peter Ellekvist
- Medical Department, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, 2730, Denmark
| | - Claus Helix-Nielsen
- Aquaporin A/S, Kgs Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,University of Maribor, Laboratory for Water Biophysics and Membrane Technology, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Nirbhay Kumar
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052-0066, USA
| | - Dan A Klaerke
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peterková L, Kmoníčková E, Ruml T, Rimpelová S. Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase Inhibitors: Beyond Anticancer Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1937-1963. [PMID: 32030976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), which plays a key role in the maintenance of Ca2+ ion homeostasis, is an extensively studied enzyme, the inhibition of which has a considerable impact on cell life and death decision. To date, several SERCA inhibitors have been thoroughly studied and the most notable one, a derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone thapsigargin, is gradually approaching a clinical application. Meanwhile, new compounds with SERCA-inhibiting properties of natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic origin are being discovered and/or developed; some of these might also be suitable for the development of new drugs with improved performance. This review brings an up-to-date comprehensive overview of recently discovered compounds with the potential of SERCA inhibition, discusses their mechanism of action, and highlights their potential clinical applications, such as cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Peterková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kmoníčková
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martin RE. The transportome of the malaria parasite. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 95:305-332. [PMID: 31701663 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport proteins, also known as transporters, control the movement of ions, nutrients, metabolites, and waste products across the membranes of a cell and are central to its biology. Proteins of this type also serve as drug targets and are key players in the phenomenon of drug resistance. The malaria parasite has a relatively reduced transportome, with only approximately 2.5% of its genes encoding transporters. Even so, assigning functions and physiological roles to these proteins, and ascertaining their contributions to drug action and drug resistance, has been very challenging. This review presents a detailed critique and synthesis of the disruption phenotypes, protein subcellular localisations, protein functions (observed or predicted), and links to antimalarial drug resistance for each of the parasite's transporter genes. The breadth and depth of the gene disruption data are particularly impressive, with at least one phenotype determined in the parasite's asexual blood stage for each transporter gene, and multiple phenotypes available for 76% of the genes. Analysis of the curated data set revealed there to be relatively little redundancy in the Plasmodium transportome; almost two-thirds of the parasite's transporter genes are essential or required for normal growth in the asexual blood stage of the parasite, and this proportion increased to 78% when the disruption phenotypes available for the other parasite life stages were included in the analysis. These observations, together with the finding that 22% of the transportome is implicated in the parasite's resistance to existing antimalarials and/or drugs within the development pipeline, indicate that transporters are likely to serve, or are already serving, as drug targets. Integration of the different biological and bioinformatic data sets also enabled the selection of candidates for transport processes known to be essential for parasite survival, but for which the underlying proteins have thus far remained undiscovered. These include potential transporters of pantothenate, isoleucine, or isopentenyl diphosphate, as well as putative anion-selective channels that may serve as the pore component of the parasite's 'new permeation pathways'. Other novel insights into the parasite's biology included the identification of transporters for the potential development of antimalarial treatments, transmission-blocking drugs, prophylactics, and genetically attenuated vaccines. The syntheses presented herein set a foundation for elucidating the functions and physiological roles of key members of the Plasmodium transportome and, ultimately, to explore and realise their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowena E Martin
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Widom JR, Rai V, Rohlman CE, Walter NG. Versatile transcription control based on reversible dCas9 binding. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 25:1457-1469. [PMID: 31320398 PMCID: PMC6795147 DOI: 10.1261/rna.071613.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control transcription in a time-dependent manner in vitro promises numerous applications in molecular biology and nanotechnology. Here we demonstrate an approach that enables precise, independent control over the production of multiple RNA transcripts in vitro using single guide RNA (sgRNA)-directed transcription blockades by catalytically dead Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme (dCas9). We show that when bound to a DNA template, the dCas9:sgRNA complex forms a robust blockade to transcription by RNA polymerases (RNAPs) from bacteriophages SP6, T3, and T7 (>99.5% efficiency), and a partial blockade to transcription by Escherichia coli RNAP (∼70% efficiency). We find that all three bacteriophage RNAPs dissociate from the DNA template upon encountering the dCas9 blockade, while E. coli RNAP stays bound for at least the 90-min duration of our experiments. The blockade maintains >95% efficiency when four mismatches are introduced into the 5' end of the sgRNA target sequence. Notably, when using such a mismatched blockade, production of specific RNA species can be activated on demand by addition of a double-stranded competitor DNA perfectly matching the sgRNA. This strategy enables the independent production of multiple RNA species in a temporally controlled fashion from the same DNA template, demonstrating a new approach for transcription control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Widom
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Victoria Rai
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - Nils G Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tawe L, Menegon M, Ramatlho P, Muthoga CW, Mutukwa N, Vurayai M, Bothudile W, Motshoge T, L'Episcopia M, Mosweunyane T, Kasvosve I, Severini C, Paganotti GM. Molecular Surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance Markers in Clinical Samples from Botswana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 99:1499-1503. [PMID: 30350774 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum is a major threat to global malaria control and elimination efforts. In Botswana, a southern African country approaching malaria elimination, P. falciparum molecular data are not available. Parasites were assessed through pollymerase chain reaction (PCR) for confirmation of positive rapid diagnostic tests, multiplicity of infection (MOI), and drug resistance markers among isolates from clinical uncomplicated malaria cases collected at health facilities. Of 211 dried blood spot samples selected for the study, 186 (88.2%) were PCR positive for P. falciparum. The mean MOI based on MSP1 genotyping was 2.3 and was not associated with age. A high prevalence of wild-type parasites for pfcrt and pfmdr1 was found, with a haplotype frequency (K76/N86) of 88.8% and 17.7% of the isolates having two copies of the pfmdr1 gene. For pfATPase6, all the parasites carried the wild-type S769 allele. Sequencing showed no evidence of non-synonymous mutations associated with reduced artemisinin derivative sensitivity in the P. falciparum k13 gene. In conclusion, we found that P. falciparum parasites in Botswana were mostly wild type for the drug resistance markers evaluated. Yet, there was a high rate of a molecular marker associated to reduced sensitivity to lumefantrine. Our results indicate the need for systematic drug efficacy surveillance to complement malaria elimination efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leabaneng Tawe
- Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE) at Botswana-Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Michela Menegon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Pleasure Ramatlho
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Naledi Mutukwa
- Department of Pathology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Moses Vurayai
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wame Bothudile
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Thato Motshoge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | | | - Ishmael Kasvosve
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Carlo Severini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo M Paganotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Duffey M, Sanchez CP, Lanzer M. Profiling of the anti-malarial drug candidate SC83288 against artemisinins in Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 2018; 17:121. [PMID: 29558913 PMCID: PMC5861637 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased resistance of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to currently employed drugs creates an urgent call for novel anti-malarial drugs. Particularly, efforts should be devoted to developing fast-acting anti-malarial compounds in case clinical resistance increases to the first-line artemisinin-based combination therapy. SC83288, an amicarbalide derivative, is a clinical development candidate for the treatment of severe malaria. SC83288 is fast-acting and able to clear P. falciparum parasites at low nanomolar concentrations in vitro, as well as in a humanized SCID mouse model system in vivo. In this study, the antiplasmodial activity of SC83288 against artemisinins was profiled in order to assess its potential to replace, or be combined with, artemisinin derivatives. Results Based on growth inhibition and ring survival assays, no cross-resistance was observed between artemisinins and SC83288, using parasite lines that were resistant to either one of these drugs. In addition, no synergistic or antagonistic interaction was observed between the two drugs. This study further confirmed that SC83288 is a fast acting drug in several independent assays. Combinations of SC83288 and artesunate maintained the rapid parasite killing activities of both components. Conclusion The results obtained in this study are consistent with artemisinins and SC83288 having distinct modes of action and different mechanisms of resistance. This study further supports efforts to continue the clinical development of SC83288 against severe malaria as an alternative to artemisinins in areas critically affected by artemisinin-resistance. Considering its fast antiplasmodial activity, SC83288 could be combined with a slow-acting anti-malarial drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Duffey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cecilia P Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Lanzer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pegoraro S, Duffey M, Otto TD, Wang Y, Rösemann R, Baumgartner R, Fehler SK, Lucantoni L, Avery VM, Moreno-Sabater A, Mazier D, Vial HJ, Strobl S, Sanchez CP, Lanzer M. SC83288 is a clinical development candidate for the treatment of severe malaria. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14193. [PMID: 28139658 PMCID: PMC5290327 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe malaria is a life-threatening complication of an infection with the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which requires immediate treatment. Safety and efficacy concerns with currently used drugs accentuate the need for new chemotherapeutic options against severe malaria. Here we describe a medicinal chemistry program starting from amicarbalide that led to two compounds with optimized pharmacological and antiparasitic properties. SC81458 and the clinical development candidate, SC83288, are fast-acting compounds that can cure a P. falciparum infection in a humanized NOD/SCID mouse model system. Detailed preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies reveal no observable drawbacks. Ultra-deep sequencing of resistant parasites identifies the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting PfATP6 as a putative determinant of resistance to SC81458 and SC83288. Features, such as fast parasite killing, good safety margin, a potentially novel mode of action and a distinct chemotype support the clinical development of SC83288, as an intravenous application for the treatment of severe malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maëlle Duffey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas D Otto
- Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Rösemann
- 4SC Discovery GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie K Fehler
- 4SC AG, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Lucantoni
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young, Nathan Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young, Nathan Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Alicia Moreno-Sabater
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 Bd de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital St Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 Bd de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Henri J Vial
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université Montpellier II, cc107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Strobl
- 4SC Discovery GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Cecilia P Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Lanzer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bian T, Autry JM, Casemore D, Li J, Thomas DD, He G, Xing C. Direct detection of SERCA calcium transport and small-molecule inhibition in giant unilamellar vesicles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:206-211. [PMID: 27815070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a charge-mediated fusion method to reconstitute the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV). Intracellular Ca2+ transport by SERCA controls key processes in human cells such as proliferation, signaling, and contraction. Small-molecule effectors of SERCA are urgently needed as therapeutics for Ca2+ dysregulation in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, and heart failure. Here we report the development of a method for efficiently reconstituting SERCA in GUV, and we describe a streamlined protocol based on optimized parameters (e.g., lipid components, SERCA preparation, and activity assay requirements). ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport by SERCA in single GUV was detected directly using confocal fluorescence microscopy with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo-5F. The GUV reconstitution system was validated for functional screening of Ca2+ transport using thapsigargin (TG), a small-molecule inhibitor of SERCA currently in clinical trials as a prostate cancer prodrug. The GUV system overcomes the problem of inhibitory Ca2+ accumulation for SERCA in native and reconstituted small unilamellar vesicles (SUV). We propose that charge-mediated fusion provides a widely-applicable method for GUV reconstitution of clinically-important membrane transport proteins. We conclude that GUV reconstitution is a technological advancement for evaluating small-molecule effectors of SERCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Joseph M Autry
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Biophysical Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Denise Casemore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Biophysical Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Gaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Woodrow CJ, White NJ. The clinical impact of artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia and the potential for future spread. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2016; 41:34-48. [PMID: 27613271 PMCID: PMC5424521 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinins are the most rapidly acting of currently available antimalarial drugs. Artesunate has become the treatment of choice for severe malaria, and artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the foundation of modern falciparum malaria treatment globally. Their safety and tolerability profile is excellent. Unfortunately, Plasmodium falciparum infections with mutations in the ‘K13’ gene, with reduced ring-stage susceptibility to artemisinins, and slow parasite clearance in patients treated with ACTs, are now widespread in Southeast Asia. We review clinical efficacy data from the region (2000–2015) that provides strong evidence that the loss of first-line ACTs in western Cambodia, first artesunate-mefloquine and then DHA-piperaquine, can be attributed primarily to K13 mutated parasites. The ring-stage activity of artemisinins is therefore critical for the sustained efficacy of ACTs; once it is lost, rapid selection of partner drug resistance and ACT failure are inevitable consequences. Consensus methods for monitoring artemisinin resistance are now available. Despite increased investment in regional control activities, ACTs are failing across an expanding area of the Greater Mekong subregion. Although multiple K13 mutations have arisen independently, successful multidrug-resistant parasite genotypes are taking over and threaten to spread to India and Africa. Stronger containment efforts and new approaches to sustaining long-term efficacy of antimalarial regimens are needed to prevent a global malaria emergency. Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria is causing failure of artemisinin-based combination therapies across an expanding area of Southeast Asia, undermining control and elimination efforts. The potential global consequences can only be avoided by new approaches that ensure sustained efficacy for antimalarial regimens in malaria affected populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Woodrow
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6, Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nicholas J White
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6, Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
David-Bosne S, Clausen MV, Poulsen H, Møller JV, Nissen P, le Maire M. Erratum: Reappraising the effects of artemisinin on the ATPase activity of PfATP6 and SERCA1a E255L expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:358. [DOI: 10.1038/nsmb0416-358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|