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Venuto S, Coda ARD, González-Pérez R, Laselva O, Tolomeo D, Storlazzi CT, Liso A, Conese M. IGFBP-6 Network in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases and Lung Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054804. [PMID: 36902237 PMCID: PMC10003725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is an accomplished organ for gas exchanges and directly faces the external environment, consequently exposing its large epithelial surface. It is also the putative determinant organ for inducing potent immune responses, holding both innate and adaptive immune cells. The maintenance of lung homeostasis requires a crucial balance between inflammation and anti-inflammation factors, and perturbations of this stability are frequently associated with progressive and fatal respiratory diseases. Several data demonstrate the involvement of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) in pulmonary growth, as they are specifically expressed in different lung compartments. As we will discuss extensively in the text, IGFs and IGFBPs are implicated in normal pulmonary development but also in the pathogenesis of various airway diseases and lung tumors. Among the known IGFBPs, IGFBP-6 shows an emerging role as a mediator of airway inflammation and tumor-suppressing activity in different lung tumors. In this review, we assess the current state of IGFBP-6's multiple roles in respiratory diseases, focusing on its function in the inflammation and fibrosis in respiratory tissues, together with its role in controlling different types of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina Venuto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Ruperto González-Pérez
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Severe Asthma Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Doron Tolomeo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Clelia Tiziana Storlazzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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2
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The Insulin-like Growth Factor System and Colorectal Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081274. [PMID: 36013453 PMCID: PMC9410426 DOI: 10.3390/life12081274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are peptides which exert mitogenic, endocrine and cytokine activities. Together with their receptors, binding proteins and associated molecules, they participate in numerous pathophysiological processes, including cancer development. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, whose etiology usually represents a combination of the environmental and genetic factors. IGFs are most often increased in CRC, enabling excessive autocrine/paracrine stimulation of the cell growth. Overexpression or increased activation/accessibility of IGF receptors is a coinciding step which transmits IGF-related signals. A number of molecules and biochemical mechanisms exert modulatory effects shaping the final outcome of the IGF-stimulated processes, frequently leading to neoplastic transformation in the case of irreparable disbalance. The IGF system and related molecules and pathways which participate in the development of CRC are the focus of this review.
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3
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Pohlman AW, Moudgalya H, Jordano L, Lobato GC, Gerard D, Liptay MJ, Seder CW, Borgia JA. The role of IGF-pathway biomarkers in determining risks, screening, and prognosis in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2022; 13:393-407. [PMID: 35198099 PMCID: PMC8858079 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Detection rates of early-stage lung cancer are traditionally low, which contributes to inconsistent treatment responses and high rates of annual cancer deaths. Currently, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening produces a high false discovery rate. This limitation has prompted research to identify biomarkers to more clearly define eligible patients for LDCT screening, differentiate indeterminate pulmonary nodules, and select individualized cancer therapy. Biomarkers within the Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) family have come to the forefront of this research. Main Body: Multiple biomarkers within the IGF family have been investigated, most notably IGF-I and IGF binding protein 3. However, newer studies seek to expand this search to other molecules within the IGF axis. Certain studies have demonstrated these biomarkers are useful when used in combination with lung cancer screening, but other findings were not as conclusive, possibly owing to measurement bias and non-standardized assay techniques. Research also has suggested IGF biomarkers may be beneficial in the prognostication and subsequent treatment via systemic therapy. Despite these advances, additional knowledge of complex regulatory mechanisms inherent to this system are necessary to more fully harness the potential clinical utility for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Conclusions: The IGF system likely plays a role in multiple phases of lung cancer; however, there is a surplus of conflicting data, especially prior to development of the disease and during early stages of detection. IGF biomarkers may be valuable in the screening, prognosis, and treatment of lung cancer, though their exact application requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hita Moudgalya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lia Jordano
- Department of General Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gabriela C. Lobato
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - David Gerard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michael J. Liptay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Christopher W. Seder
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Borgia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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4
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Wang Z, Qi Y, Wang R, Wu W, Li Z, Wang M, Liu R, Zhang C, Li W, Wang S. IGFBP6 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and morphology via cyclin E-CDK2. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9538-9556. [PMID: 32529639 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of varicose veins, the underlying pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. The present study aims to explore the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Using a protein array approach, we identified several differentially expressed proteins between varicose great saphenous veins and normal great saphenous veins. Bioinformatic analysis showed that IGFBP6 was closely related to cell proliferation. Further validation confirmed that IGFBP6 was one of the most highly expressed proteins in varicose vein tissue. Knocking down IGFBP6 in VSMCs significantly attenuated cell proliferation and induced the S phase arrest during the cell cycle. Further experiments demonstrated that IGFBP6 knockdown increased cyclin E ubiquitination, which reduced expression of cyclin E and phosphorylation of CDK2. Furthermore, IGFBP6 knockdown arrested centrosome replication, which subsequently influenced VSMC morphology. Ultimately, IGFBP6 was validated to be involved in VSMC proliferation in varicose vein tissues. The present study reveals that IGFBP6 is closely correlated with VSMC biological function and provides unprecedented insights into the underlying pathogenesis of varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecun Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunling Qi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Frerich CA, Sedam HN, Kang H, Mitani Y, El-Naggar AK, Ness SA. N-Terminal Truncated Myb with New Transcriptional Activity Produced Through Use of an Alternative MYB Promoter in Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:E45. [PMID: 31877778 PMCID: PMC7016764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive salivary gland tumor that frequently displays perineural invasion and is often associated with translocations or overexpression of the MYB oncogene. Detailed analyses of MYB transcripts from ACC patient samples revealed that ACC tumors utilize an alternative MYB promoter, which is rarely used in normal cells or other tumor types. The alternative promoter transcripts produce N-terminally truncated Myb proteins lacking a highly conserved and phosphorylated domain, which includes the pS11 epitope that is frequently used to detect Myb proteins. In RNA-seq assays, Myb isoforms lacking the N-terminal domain displayed unique transcriptional activities, regulating many genes differently than full-length Myb. Thus, a regulatory pathway unique to ACC activates the alternative MYB promoter, leading to the production of a truncated Myb protein with altered transcriptional activities. This could provide new therapeutic opportunities for ACC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace A. Frerich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Hailey N. Sedam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Myriad Women’s Health, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Huining Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Head and Neck Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA (A.K.E.-N.)
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Head and Neck Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA (A.K.E.-N.)
| | - Scott A. Ness
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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6
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Wang J, Hu ZG, Li D, Xu JX, Zeng ZG. Gene expression and prognosis of insulin‑like growth factor‑binding protein family members in non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1981-1995. [PMID: 31545451 PMCID: PMC6787967 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, there is no standard method to predict the survival of patients with NSCLC. Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) function as modulators of IGF signaling and are attracting increasing attention for their role in NSCLC. However, the prognostic values of individual IGFBPs in NSCLC, particularly at the mRNA level, remain unknown. In the present study, the distinct expression patterns and prognostic values of IGFBP family members in patients with NSCLC through bioinformatics analysis were reported using a series of databases, including Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. In patients with NSCLC, IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 were significantly upregulated, while IGFBP6 was downregulated. High IGFBP1/2/4 expression was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) in all NSCLC types, especially adenocarcinoma; however, high IGFBP2/5 expression was significantly correlated with favorable OS only in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, aberrant IGFBP1/2/3/4/5 mRNA levels were associated with the prognosis of subsets of NSCLC with different clinicopathological features. These results indicated that various IGFBPs can serve as useful prognostic biomarkers and as potential targets for NSCLC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Guo Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Xion Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Guo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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7
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Nikulin SV, Raigorodskaya MP, Poloznikov AA, Zakharova GS, Schumacher U, Wicklein D, Stürken C, Riecken K, Fomicheva KA, Alekseev BY, Shkurnikov MY. In Vitro Model for Studying of the Role of IGFBP6 Gene in Breast Cancer Metastasizing. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:688-692. [PMID: 29582205 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IGFBP6 gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this work, we performed knockdown of IGFBP6 gene in MDA-MB-231 cells and obtained a stable cell line. Knockdown of IGFBP6 gene was confirmed by the real-time PCR. The influence of IGFBP6 gene on migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells was studied. Knockdown of IGFBP6 gene reduced migration activity of MDA-MB-231 cells and increased their proliferation rate. This in vitro cell model can be used for the further analysis of the role of IGFBP6 gene in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Nikulin
- BioClinicum Center, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - U Schumacher
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Wicklein
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Stürken
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Riecken
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K A Fomicheva
- P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of Branch of National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - B Ya Alekseev
- P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of Branch of National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Shkurnikov
- P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of Branch of National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
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8
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The Expression of IGFBP6 after Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Neuronal Apoptosis. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:455-467. [PMID: 27888466 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
IGFBP6, a member of the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins family that contains six high affinity IGFBPs, modulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity and also showed an independent effect of IGF, such as growth inhibition and apoptosis. However, the role of IGFBP6 in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains largely elusive. In this study, we have performed an acute SCI model in adult rats and investigated the dynamic changes of IGFBP6 expression in the spinal cord. Our results showed that IGFBP6 was upregulated significantly after SCI, which was paralleled with the levels of apoptotic proteins p53 and active caspase-3. Immunofluorescent labeling showed that IGFBP6 was co-localizated with active caspase-3 and p53 in neurons. To further investigate the function of IGFBP6, an apoptosis model was established in primary neuronal cells. When IGFBP6 was knocked down by specific short interfering RNA (siRNA), the protein levels of active caspase-3 and Bax as well as the number of apoptotic primary neurons were significantly decreased in our study. Taken together, our findings suggest that the change of IGFBP6 protein expression plays a key role in neuronal apoptosis after SCI.
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9
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Bach LA. Current ideas on the biology of IGFBP-6: More than an IGF-II inhibitor? Growth Horm IGF Res 2016; 30-31:81-86. [PMID: 27681092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IGFBP-6 binds IGF-II with higher affinity than IGF-I and it is a relatively specific inhibitor of IGF-II actions. More recently, IGFBP-6 has also been reported to have IGF-independent effects on cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. IGFBP-6 binds to several ligands in the extracellular space, cytoplasm and nucleus. These interactions, together with activation of distinct intracellular signaling pathways, may contribute to its IGF-independent actions; for example, IGF-independent migration induced by IGFBP-6 involves interaction with prohibitin-2 and activation of MAP kinase pathways. A major challenge for the future is delineating the relative roles of the IGF-dependent and -independent actions of IGFBP-6, which may lead to the development of therapeutic approaches for diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Bach
- Department of Medicine (Alfred), Monash University, Prahran 3181, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
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10
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Lodhia KA, Tienchaiananda P, Haluska P. Understanding the Key to Targeting the IGF Axis in Cancer: A Biomarker Assessment. Front Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26217584 PMCID: PMC4495315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 insulin like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) targeted therapies showed compelling pre-clinical evidence; however, to date, this has failed to translate into patient benefit in Phase 2/3 trials in unselected patients. This was further complicated by the toxicity, including hyperglycemia, which largely results from the overlap between IGF and insulin signaling systems and associated feedback mechanisms. This has halted the clinical development of inhibitors targeting IGF signaling, which has limited the availability of biopsy samples for correlative studies to understand biomarkers of response. Indeed, a major factor contributing to lack of clinical benefit of IGF targeting agents has been difficulty in identifying patients with tumors driven by IGF signaling due to the lack of predictive biomarkers. In this review, we will describe the IGF system, rationale for targeting IGF signaling, the potential liabilities of targeting strategies, and potential biomarkers that may improve success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Haluska
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA
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11
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Bach LA. Recent insights into the actions of IGFBP-6. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:189-200. [PMID: 25808083 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IGFBP-6 is an O-linked glycoprotein that preferentially binds IGF-II over IGF-I. It is a relatively selective inhibitor of IGF-II actions including proliferation, survival and differentiation of a wide range of cells. IGFBP-6 has recently been shown to have a number of IGF-independent actions, including promotion of apoptosis in some cells and inhibition of angiogenesis. IGFBP-6 also induces migration of tumour cells including rhabdomyosarcomas by an IGF-independent mechanism. This chemotactic effect is mediated by MAP kinases. IGFBP-6 binds to prohibitin-2 on the cell surface and the latter is required for IGFBP-6-induced migration by a mechanism that is independent of MAP kinases. IGFBP-6 may enter the nucleus and modulate cell survival and differentiation. IGFBP-6 expression is decreased in a number of cancer cells and it has been postulated to act as a tumour suppressor. IGFBP-6 expression is increased in a smaller number of cancers, which may reflect a compensatory mechanism to control IGF-II actions or IGF-independent actions. The relative balance of IGF-dependent and IGF-independent actions of IGFBP-6 in vivo together with the related question regarding the roles of IGFBP-6 binding to IGF and non-IGF ligands are keys to understanding the physiological role of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Bach
- Department of Medicine (Alfred), Monash University, Prahran, 3181, Australia,
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12
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Yang Y, Sheng M, Huang F, Bu D, Liu X, Yao Y, Dai C, Sun B, Zhu J, Jiao Y, Wei Z, Zhu H, Lu L, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Wang R. Downregulation of Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 is associated with ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma growth. Pituitary 2014; 17:505-13. [PMID: 24379119 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-013-0535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome, called Cushing disease, is caused by a corticotroph tumor of the pituitary gland. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6), which regulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity and inhibits several IGF2-dependent cancer growths, plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis of malignancy, but its roles in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate IGFBP6 expression in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, and its involvement in tumor growth. METHODS Sporadic ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas specimens (n = 41) and adjacent non-tumorous pituitary tissues (n = 9) were collected by transphenoidal surgery. IGFBP6 expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and validated by Western blotting. Associations of IGFBP6 expression with maximum tumor diameter or Ki-67 labeling index were evaluated in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas. RESULTS IGFBP6 mRNA and protein expression were both decreased in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, compared to adjacent non-tumorous pituitary tissues (P < 0.01). IGFBP6 expression was correlated inversely with maximum tumor diameter (Rho = -0.53, P < 0.0001) and Ki-67 levels (Rho = -0.52, P < 0.05). Moreover, IGFBP6 downregulation activated PI3 K-AKT-mTOR pathway in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas. CONCLUSIONS IGFBP6 attenuation in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas is associated with tumor growth, through activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. The finding underlies IGFBP6 roles in Cushing disease and would potentially provide a novel target of medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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13
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Murthy KR, Goel R, Subbannayya Y, Jacob HK, Murthy PR, Manda SS, Patil AH, Sharma R, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Parashar A, Nair BG, Krishna V, Prasad TK, Gowda H, Pandey A. Proteomic analysis of human vitreous humor. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:29. [PMID: 25097467 PMCID: PMC4106660 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The vitreous humor is a transparent, gelatinous mass whose main constituent is water. It plays an important role in providing metabolic nutrient requirements of the lens, coordinating eye growth and providing support to the retina. It is in close proximity to the retina and reflects many of the changes occurring in this tissue. The biochemical changes occurring in the vitreous could provide a better understanding about the pathophysiological processes that occur in vitreoretinopathy. In this study, we investigated the proteome of normal human vitreous humor using high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Results The vitreous humor was subjected to multiple fractionation techniques followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. We identified 1,205 proteins, 682 of which have not been described previously in the vitreous humor. Most proteins were localized to the extracellular space (24%), cytoplasm (20%) or plasma membrane (14%). Classification based on molecular function showed that 27% had catalytic activity, 10% structural activity, 10% binding activity, 4% cell and 4% transporter activity. Categorization for biological processes showed 28% participate in metabolism, 20% in cell communication and 13% in cell growth. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000957. Conclusion This large catalog of vitreous proteins should facilitate biomedical research into pathological conditions of the eye including diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna R Murthy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690 525, India.,Vittala International Institute Of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560085, India
| | - Renu Goel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka 577 451, India
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India
| | - Harrys Kc Jacob
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India
| | - Praveen R Murthy
- Vittala International Institute Of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560085, India
| | - Srikanth Srinivas Manda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.,Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Arun H Patil
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560 006, India
| | | | | | - Bipin G Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690 525, India
| | | | - Ts Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690 525, India.,Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205 MD, USA.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205 MD, USA
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14
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CHEN RENPIN, ZHUGE XIAOJU, HUANG ZHIMING, LU DEYI, YE XIAOHUA, CHEN CHAO, YU JIEYU, LU GUANGRONG. Analysis of SEMA3B methylation and expression patterns in gastric cancer tissue and cell lines. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1211-8. [PMID: 24402303 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
The IGF (insulin-like growth factor) system is essential for physiological growth and it is also implicated in a number of diseases including cancer. IGF activity is modulated by a family of high-affinity IGF-binding proteins, and IGFBP-6 is distinctive because of its marked binding preference for IGF-II over IGF-I. A principal role for IGFBP-6 is inhibition of IGF-II actions, but recent studies have indicated that IGFBP-6 also has IGF-independent effects, including inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of cancer cell migration. The present review briefly summarizes the IGF system in physiology and disease before focusing on recent studies on the regulation and actions of IGFBP-6, and its potential roles in cancer cells. Given the widespread interest in IGF inhibition in cancer therapeutics, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the actions of the IGF ligands, receptors and binding proteins, including IGFBP-6, will enhance our ability to develop optimal treatments that can be targeted to the most appropriate patients.
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16
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Zhang C, Lu L, Li Y, Wang X, Zhou J, Liu Y, Fu P, Gallicchio MA, Bach LA, Duan C. IGF binding protein-6 expression in vascular endothelial cells is induced by hypoxia and plays a negative role in tumor angiogenesis. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:2003-12. [PMID: 21618524 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia stimulates tumor angiogenesis by inducing the expression of angiogenic molecules. The negative regulators of this process, however, are not well understood. Here, we report that hypoxia induced the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6), a tumor repressor, in human and rodent vascular endothelial cells (VECs) via a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated mechanism. Addition of human IGFBP-6 to cultured human VECs inhibited angiogenesis in vitro. An IGFBP-6 mutant with at least 10,000-fold lower binding affinity for IGFs was an equally potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, suggesting that this action of IGFBP-6 is IGF-independent. The functional relationship between IGFBP-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major hypoxia-inducible angiogenic molecule, was examined. While VEGF alone increased angiogenesis in vitro, co-incubation with IGFBP-6 abolished VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis. The in vivo role of IGFBP-6 in angiogenesis was tested in flk1:GFP zebrafish embryos, which exhibit green fluorescence protein in developing vascular endothelium, permitting visualization of developing blood vessels. Injection of human IGFBP-6 mRNA reduced the number of embryonic inter-segmental blood vessels by ∼40%. This anti-angiogenic activity is conserved in zebrafish because expression of zebrafish IGFBP-6b had similar effects. To determine the anti-angiogenic effect of IGFBP-6 in a tumor model, human Rh30 rhabdomyosarcoma cells stably transfected with IGFBP-6 were inoculated into athymic BALB/c nude mice. Vessel density was 52% lower in IGFBP-6-transfected xenografts than in vector control xenografts. These results suggest that the expression of IGFBP-6 in VECs is up-regulated by hypoxia and IGFBP-6 inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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17
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Romero D, O'Neill C, Terzic A, Contois L, Young K, Conley BA, Bergan RC, Brooks PC, Vary CPH. Endoglin regulates cancer-stromal cell interactions in prostate tumors. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3482-93. [PMID: 21444673 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endoglin is an accessory receptor for TGF-β that has been implicated in prostate cancer cell detachment, migration, and invasiveness. However, the pathophysiologic significance of endoglin with respect to prostate tumorigenesis has yet to be fully established. In this study, we addressed this question by investigation of endoglin-dependent prostate cancer progression in a TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate) mouse model where endoglin was genetically deleted. In this model, endoglin was haploinsufficient such that its allelic deletion slightly increased the frequency of tumorigenesis, yet produced smaller, less vascularized, and less metastatic tumors than TRAMP control tumors. Most strikingly, TRAMP:eng(+/-)-derived tumors lacked the pronounced infiltration of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) that characterize TRAMP prostate tumors. Studies in human primary prostate-derived stromal cells (PrSC) confirmed that suppressing endoglin expression decreased cell proliferation, the ability to recruit endothelial cells, and the ability to migrate in response to tumor cell-conditioned medium. We found increased levels of secreted insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBP) in the conditioned medium from endoglin-deficient PrSCs and that endoglin-dependent regulation of IGFBP-4 secretion was crucial for stromal cell-conditioned media to stimulate prostate tumor cell growth. Together, our results firmly establish the pathophysiologic involvement of endoglin in prostate cancer progression; furthermore, they show how endoglin acts to support the viability of tumor-infiltrating CAFs in the tumor microenvironment to promote neovascularization and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Romero
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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18
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Wang L, Huang J, Jiang M, Zheng X. AFP computational secreted network construction and analysis between human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic liver tissues. Tumour Biol 2010; 31:417-25. [PMID: 20532728 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) computational secreted network construction and analysis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very useful to identify novel markers and potential targets for prognosis and therapy. By integration of gene regulatory network infer and the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery, we identified and constructed significant molecule AFP secreted network from 25 no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic liver tissues and 25 HCC patients in the same GEO Dataset GSE10140-10141. Our result verified AFP secreted module in the upstream of no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic liver tissues (AMELY, LCN2, and REG3A activation; DKK1, SFRP4, and SPINK1 inhibition) and its downstream (PRSS1, REG3A, and TSHB activation; AMELY and DKK1 inhibition), and also in the upstream of HCC (LCN2, REG3A, and SFRP4 activation; AMELY and DKK1 inhibition) and its downstream (AMELY activation; DKK1, LCN2, PRSS1, SEMA3B, and SPINK1 inhibition). Importantly, we data-mined that AFP secreted cluster of HCC is involved in disease mutation (only in HCC terms) without cell surface receptor linked signal transduction, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cell-cell signaling, and pancreas (only in no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic liver tissues terms), the condition which is vital to invasion of HCC. Our result demonstrated that common terms in both no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic liver tissues and HCC include secreted extracellular region, extracellular region part, extracellular space, signal peptide, signal, disulfide bond, glycosylation site N-linked (GlcNAc...), and glycoprotein, and these terms are less relative to invasion; therefore, we deduced the weaker AFP secreted network in HCC consistent with our number computation. We predicted AFP high expression localization within cells of HCC and without secretion to extracellular matrix. It would be necessary of AFP secreted function to decrease invasion of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronics Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
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19
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Kuo YS, Tang YB, Lu TY, Wu HC, Lin CT. IGFBP-6 plays a role as an oncosuppressor gene in NPC pathogenesis through regulating EGR-1 expression. J Pathol 2010; 222:299-309. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Abstract
Guidance molecules were first described in the nervous system to control axon outgrowth direction. They are also widely expressed outside the nervous system where they control cell migration, tissue development and establishment of the vascular network. In addition, they are involved in cancer development, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. This review is primarily focused on their functions in lung cancer and their involvement in lung development is also presented. Five guidance molecule families and their corresponding receptors are described, including the semaphorins/neuropilins/plexins, ephrins and Eph receptors, netrin/DCC/UNC5, Slit/Robo and Notch/Delta. In addition, the possibility to target these molecules as a therapeutic approach in cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nasarre
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Charleston, SC, USA
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