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Zhang YH, Sun TT, Liu ZH, Li X, Fan XF, Han LP. LncRNA GAS5 restrains ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis by modulating mir-217 regulation of SIRT1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7652. [PMID: 38561456 PMCID: PMC10985102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the effect of SIRT1 on improving myocardial fibrosis and GAS5 inhibiting occurrence and development of myocardial fibrosis at the cellular level, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether LncRNA GAS5 could attenuate cardiac fibrosis through regulating mir-217/SIRT1, and whether the NLRP3 inflammasome activation was involved in this process. Isoprenaline (ISO) was given subcutaneously to the male C57BL/6 mice to induce myocardial fibrosis and the AAV9 vectors were randomly injected into the left ventricle of each mouse to overexpress GAS5. Primary myocardial fibroblasts (MCFs) derived from neonatal C57BL/6 mice and TGF-β1 were used to induce fibrosis. And the GAS5 overexpressed MCFs were treated with mir-217 mimics and mir-217 inhibitor respectively. Then the assays of expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β and SIRT1 were conducted. The findings indicated that the overexpression of GAS5 reduced the expression levels of collagen, NLRP3, Capase-1, IL-1β and SIRT1 in ISO treated mice and TGF-β1 treated MCFs. However, this effect was significantly weakened after mir-217 overexpression, but was further enhanced after knockdown of mir-217. mir-217 down-regulates the expression of SIRT1, leading to increased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis. LncRNA GAS5 alleviates cardiac fibrosis induced via regulating mir-217/SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Sun
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Liu
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Ping Han
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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2
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Chaudhary R, Goodman LS, Wang S, Asimakopoulos A, Weiskirchen R, Dooley S, Ehrlich M, Henis YI. Cholesterol modulates type I/II TGF-β receptor complexes and alters the balance between Smad and Akt signaling in hepatocytes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:8. [PMID: 38168942 PMCID: PMC10761706 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol mediates membrane compartmentalization, affecting signaling via differential distribution of receptors and signaling mediators. While excessive cholesterol and aberrant transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling characterize multiple liver diseases, their linkage to canonical vs. non-canonical TGF-β signaling remained unclear. Here, we subjected murine hepatocytes to cholesterol depletion (CD) or enrichment (CE), followed by biophysical studies on TGF-β receptor heterocomplex formation, and output to Smad2/3 vs. Akt pathways. Prior to ligand addition, raft-dependent preformed heteromeric receptor complexes were observed. Smad2/3 phosphorylation persisted following CD or CE. CD enhanced phospho-Akt (pAkt) formation by TGF-β or epidermal growth factor (EGF) at 5 min, while reducing it at later time points. Conversely, pAkt formation by TGF-β or EGF was inhibited by CE, suggesting a direct effect on the Akt pathway. The modulation of the balance between TGF-β signaling to Smad2/3 vs. pAkt (by TGF-β or EGF) has potential implications for hepatic diseases and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Chaudhary
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Laureen S Goodman
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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3
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Iqbal M, Waqas M, Mo Q, Shahzad M, Zeng Z, Qamar H, Mehmood K, Kulyar MFEA, Nawaz S, Li J. Baicalin inhibits apoptosis and enhances chondrocyte proliferation in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens by regulating Bcl-2/Caspase-9 and Sox-9/Collagen-II expressions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115689. [PMID: 37992645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Avian tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal disease affecting fast growing chickens, resulting in non-mineralized avascular cartilage. This metabolic disorder is characterized by lameness and reduced growth performance causing economic losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of baicalin against TD caused by thiram exposure. A total of two hundred and forty (n = 240) one day-old broiler chickens were uniformly and randomly allocated into three different groups (n = 80) viz. control, TD, and baicalin groups. All chickens received standard feed, however, to induce TD, the TD and baicalin groups received thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) at a rate of 50 mg/kg feed from days 4-7. The thiram induction in TD and baicalin groups resulted in lameness, high mortality, and enlarged growth-plate, poor production performance, reduction in ALP, GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC levels, and increased AST and ALT, and MDA levels. Furthermore, histopathological results showed less vascularization, and mRNA and protein expression levels of Sox-9, Col-II, and Bcl-2 showed significant downward trend, while caspase-9 displayed significant up-regulation in TD-affected chickens. After the TD induction, the baicalin group was orally administered with baicalin at a rate of 200 mg/kg from days 8-18. Baicalin administration increased the vascularization, and chondrocytes with intact nuclei, alleviated lameness, decreased GP size, increased productive capacity, and restored the liver antioxidant enzymes and serum biochemical levels. Furthermore, baicalin significantly up-regulated the gene and protein expressions of Sox-9, Col-II, and Bcl-2, and significantly down-regulated the expression of caspase-9 (p < 0.05). Therefore, the obtained results suggest that baicalin could be a possible choice in thiram toxicity alleviation by regulating apoptosis and chondrocyte proliferation in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Poonch 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zhibo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hammad Qamar
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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4
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Falcucci T, Radke M, Sahoo JK, Hasturk O, Kaplan DL. Multifunctional silk vinyl sulfone-based hydrogel scaffolds for dynamic material-cell interactions. Biomaterials 2023; 300:122201. [PMID: 37348323 PMCID: PMC10366540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and mechanical interactions between cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix influence cell behavior and fate. Mimicking these features in vitro has prompted the design and development of biomaterials, with continuing efforts to improve tailorable systems that also incorporate dynamic chemical functionalities. The majority of these chemistries have been incorporated into synthetic biomaterials, here we focus on modifications of silk protein with dynamic features achieved via enzymatic, "click", and photo-chemistries. The one-pot synthesis of vinyl sulfone modified silk (SilkVS) can be tuned to manipulate the degree of functionalization. The resultant modified protein-based material undergoes three different gelation mechanisms, enzymatic, "click", and light-induced, to generate hydrogels for in vitro cell culture. Further, the versatility of this chemical functionality is exploited to mimic cell-ECM interactions via the incorporation of bioactive peptides and proteins or by altering the mechanical properties of the material to guide cell behavior. SilkVS is well-suited for use in in vitro culture, providing a natural protein with both tunable biochemistry and mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Falcucci
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Radke
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | - Onur Hasturk
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA, USA.
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5
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Gogola S, Rejzer M, Bahmad HF, Abou-Kheir W, Omarzai Y, Poppiti R. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082309. [PMID: 37190236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men worldwide, with 288,300 new cases and 34,700 deaths estimated in the United States in 2023. Treatment options for early-stage disease include external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, active surveillance, or a combination of these. In advanced cases, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the first-line therapy; however, PCa in most patients eventually progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) despite ADT. Nonetheless, the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent tumors is not yet fully understood. The physiological processes of epithelial-to-non-epithelial ("mesenchymal") transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are essential for normal embryonic development; however, they have also been linked to higher tumor grade, metastatic progression, and treatment resistance. Due to this association, EMT and MET have been identified as important targets for novel cancer therapies, including CRPC. Here, we discuss the transcriptional factors and signaling pathways involved in EMT, in addition to the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that have been identified in these processes. We also tackle the various studies that have been conducted from bench to bedside and the current landscape of EMT-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gogola
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Michael Rejzer
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Yumna Omarzai
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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6
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Mechanosensor YAP cooperates with TGF-β1 signaling to promote myofibroblast activation and matrix stiffening in a 3D model of human cardiac fibrosis. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:300-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Highly Porous Type II Collagen-Containing Scaffolds for Enhanced Cartilage Repair with Reduced Hypertrophic Cartilage Formation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060232. [PMID: 35735475 PMCID: PMC9220058 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to regenerate damaged cartilage capable of long-term performance in an active joint remains an unmet clinical challenge in regenerative medicine. Biomimetic scaffold biomaterials have shown some potential to direct effective cartilage-like formation and repair, albeit with limited clinical translation. In this context, type II collagen (CII)-containing scaffolds have been recently developed by our research group and have demonstrated significant chondrogenic capacity using murine cells. However, the ability of these CII-containing scaffolds to support improved longer-lasting cartilage repair with reduced calcified cartilage formation still needs to be assessed in order to elucidate their potential therapeutic benefit to patients. To this end, CII-containing scaffolds in presence or absence of hyaluronic acid (HyA) within a type I collagen (CI) network were manufactured and cultured with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro under chondrogenic conditions for 28 days. Consistent with our previous study in rat cells, the results revealed enhanced cartilage-like formation in the biomimetic scaffolds. In addition, while the variable chondrogenic abilities of human MSCs isolated from different donors were highlighted, protein expression analysis illustrated consistent responses in terms of the deposition of key cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Specifically, CI/II-HyA scaffolds directed the greatest cell-mediated synthesis and accumulation in the matrices of type II collagen (a principal cartilage ECM component), and reduced deposition of type X collagen (a key protein associated with hypertrophic cartilage formation). Taken together, these results provide further evidence of the capability of these CI/II-HyA scaffolds to direct enhanced and longer-lasting cartilage repair in patients with reduced hypertrophic cartilage formation.
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhu C, Ye W, Gu Q, Shu C, Feng X, Chen X, Zhang W, Shan T. Redondoviridae infection regulates circRNAome in periodontitis. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2537-2547. [PMID: 35075668 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Redondoviridae is a recently identified family of DNA viruses associated with periodontitis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel endogenous, conserved noncoding RNAs contributing to the virus-related immune-inflammatory response. The present study aimed to analyze the expression profiles of circRNAs in the gingival tissues of periodontitis patients with and without Redondoviridae-infection and healthy controls using high-throughput RNA sequencing combined with experimental validation. Out of 17819 circRNAs, 175 were dysregulated. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the differential circRNA host genes demonstrated potential alterations in the molecular and cellular components and metabolism in individuals suffering from periodontitis with Redondoviridae infection. Moreover, "axon guidance", "lysine biosynthesis", and "vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways" were significantly enriched in Redondoviridae-infected gingivitis tissues. Furthermore, the key circRNAs (circCOL1A1, circAASS, circPTK2, circATP2B4, circDOCK1, circTTBK2, and circMCTP2) associated with the pathobiology of Redondoviridae-related periodontitis were identified by constructing circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that abnormally expressed circRNAs might contribute to the etiopathogenesis and development of Redondoviridae-related periodontitis. The present study's findings have enhanced the current understanding ofthe Redondoviridae-related periodontitis mechanism and provide insights into further applications for diagnostic markers and therapeutic uses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ce Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenbin Shu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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9
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Lee O, Bosland MC, Wang M, Shidfar A, Hosseini O, Xuei X, Patel P, Schipma MJ, Helenowski I, Kim JJ, Clare SE, Khan SA. Selective progesterone receptor blockade prevents BRCA1-associated mouse mammary tumors through modulation of epithelial and stromal genes. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:255-266. [PMID: 34329741 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological approaches to breast cancer risk-reduction for BRCA1 mutation carriers would provide an alternative to mastectomy. BRCA1-deficiency dysregulates progesterone signaling, promoting tumorigenesis. Selective progesterone receptor (PR) modulators (SPRMs) are therefore candidate prevention agents. However, their efficacy varies in different BRCA1-deficient mouse models. We examined chemopreventive efficacy of telapristone acetate (TPA), ulipristal acetate (UPA) and mifepristone (MFP) in mice with a conditional knockout of the Brca1 C-terminal domain. The SPRMs displayed a spectrum of efficacy: UPA was most effective, TPA less, and MFP ineffective. Compared to no-treatment controls, UPA reduced tumorigenesis (p = 0.04), and increased tumor latency (p = 0.03). In benign mammary glands, UPA decreased Ki67 (p < 0.001) and increased PR expression (p < 0.0001). RNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct gene expression in response to UPA and MFP. UPA downregulated glycolysis and extracellular matrix-inflammation genes (Fn1, Ptgs2, Tgfb2, Tgfb3) whereas MFP downregulated claudin genes and upregulated amino acid metabolism and inflammation genes. The anti-glucocorticoid effects of MFP appeared not to be tumor-protective, while altering estrogen receptor signaling and NF-kB activation. Our study points to an important role of epithelial PR and its paracrine action on the microenvironment in BRCA1-deficient mammary tumorigenesis, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oukseub Lee
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Minhua Wang
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Shidfar
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Omid Hosseini
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- The Center for Medical Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Priyam Patel
- Quantitative Data Science Core, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipma
- Quantitative Data Science Core, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irene Helenowski
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Julie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan E Clare
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seema A Khan
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Algeciras L, Palanca A, Maestro D, RuizdelRio J, Villar AV. Epigenetic alterations of TGFβ and its main canonical signaling mediators in the context of cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 159:38-47. [PMID: 34119506 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological process that presents a continuous overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the myocardium, which negatively influences the progression of many cardiac diseases. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is the main ligand that triggers the production of pro-fibrotic ECM proteins. In the cardiac fibrotic process, TGFβ and its canonical signaling mediators are tightly regulated at different levels as well as epigenetically. Cardiac fibroblasts are one of the most important TGFβ target cells activated after cardiac injury. TGFβ-driven fibroblast activation is subject to epigenetic modulation and contributes to the progression of cardiac fibrosis, mainly through the expression of pro-fibrotic molecules implicated in the disease. In this review, we describe epigenetic regulation related to canonical TGFβ signaling in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Algeciras
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Palanca
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - David Maestro
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Jorge RuizdelRio
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Ana V Villar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
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11
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Chang CJ, Taniguchi A. Establishment of a Nanopatterned Renal Disease Model by Mimicking the Physical and Chemical Cues of a Diseased Mesangial Cell Microenvironment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1573-1583. [PMID: 35014506 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of mesangial cell (MC) response by in vitro disease models offers therapeutic strategies for the treatment of several glomerular diseases. However, traditional cell culture models lack the nanostructured extracellular matrix (ECM), which has unique physical and chemical properties, so they poorly reflect the complexities of the native microenvironment. Therefore, a cell disease model with ECM nanostructures is required to better mimic the in vivo diseased nanoenvironment. To establish a renal disease model, we used a titanium dioxide-based disease-mimic nanopattern as the physical cues and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) as a chemical cue. The effects of this renal disease model on proliferation and mesangial matrix (MM) component changes in the SV40MES13 (MES13) mouse mesangial cell line were evaluated. Our results showed that both the presence of the disease-mimic nanopattern and TGF-β1 intensified proliferation and resulted in increased type I collagen and fibronectin and decreased type IV collagen expressions in MES13 cells. These effects could be involved in increased TGF-β type I receptor expression in MES13 cells. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level as a biomarker of this renal disease model indicated that the cells were in a diseased state. A small molecule A83-01 and known drug dexamethasone markedly attenuated the intracellular ROS production in MES13 that was induced by the disease-mimic nanopattern and TGF-β1. These results highlight the significant effects of physical and chemical cues in facilitating disease-like behavior in MES13 cells, providing an important theoretical basis for developing a drug screening platform for glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Chang
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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12
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Hilliard BA, Amin M, Popoff SN, Barbe MF. Force dependent effects of chronic overuse on fibrosis-related genes and proteins in skeletal muscles. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:133-149. [PMID: 33030055 PMCID: PMC7718395 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1828379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the chronic effect of force on mRNA and protein expression levels of fibrosis-related genes in flexor digitorum muscles in a rat model of repetitive overuse injury that induces muscle fibrosis at high force levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of rats were trained to perform a voluntary repetitive lever-pulling task at either a high (HFHR) or a low force (LFHR) for 18 weeks, while a control group (FRC) performed no task. RNA and protein were prepared from forelimb flexor digitorum muscles. Fibrosis-related gene RNA transcripts were evaluated using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and analyzed using the geometric mean of three housekeeping genes or the mean of each individually as reference. Protein levels were quantified using ELISA, western blot, or immunohistofluorescence. RESULTS Of eight fibrosis-related mRNAs examined, only FGF2 demonstrated a consistent significant increase in the HFHR group, compared to the FRC group. However, protein amounts of collagen type 1, collagen type 3, and TGFβ1 were significantly higher in the HFHR, compared to the FRC and LFHR groups, while CCN2 and FGF2 were higher in both HFHR and LFHR, compared to the FRC group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is steady-state transcription of fibrogenic genes in muscles with established fibrosis, implying that post-transcriptional processes are responsible for the increased protein levels of fibrotic factors during muscle overuse conditions. We hypothesize that targeting such pathways represents a valid approach to treat overuse injury. Alternatively, FGF2 gene expression may represent a valid target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mamta Amin
- Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven N. Popoff
- Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary F. Barbe
- Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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13
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Zhu X, Kong X, Ma S, Liu R, Li X, Gao S, Ren D, Zheng Y, Tang J. TGFβ/Smad mediated the polyhexamethyleneguanide areosol-induced irreversible pulmonary fibrosis in subchronic inhalation exposure. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:419-430. [PMID: 33148071 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1836091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is widely used as a disinfectant with broad spectra of bactericidal activity and low oral toxicity. However, inhalation of PHMG can cause pulmonary injury and severe pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanism underlying PHMG aerosol induced pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the subchronic lung injury and determine potential cytokines involved in PHMG aerosol induced fibrosis. METHODS C57BL/6N mice were exposed to 1.03 mg/m3 PHMG through aerosol inhalation for 3 weeks, or 3 weeks followed by other 3 weeks recovery. RESULTS The results indicated that the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and extracellular matrix remodeling markers were up-regulated in the PHMG-treated mice and these parameters were aggravated after 3 weeks recovery. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) analysis showed that the number of total cells was significantly decreased in exposure group. The percentage of macrophages in BALFs decreased significantly whereas the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes increased. Extensive collagen deposition was observed in the peribronchiolar and interstitial areas in the PHMG exposed lungs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, even low-does PHMG aerosol exposure could induce mice pulmonary local inflammation and irreversible fibrosis. In addition, TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway mediated the extracellular matrix remodeling involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Kong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaobo Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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14
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Baci D, Bosi A, Parisi L, Buono G, Mortara L, Ambrosio G, Bruno A. Innate Immunity Effector Cells as Inflammatory Drivers of Cardiac Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197165. [PMID: 32998408 PMCID: PMC7583949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite relevant advances made in therapies for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), they still represent the first cause of death worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling are common end-organ features in diseased hearts, leading to tissue stiffness, impaired myocardial functional, and progression to heart failure. Although fibrosis has been largely recognized to accompany and complicate various CVDs, events and mechanisms driving and governing fibrosis are still not entirely elucidated, and clinical interventions targeting cardiac fibrosis are not yet available. Immune cell types, both from innate and adaptive immunity, are involved not just in the classical response to pathogens, but they take an active part in “sterile” inflammation, in response to ischemia and other forms of injury. In this context, different cell types infiltrate the injured heart and release distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines that initiate the fibrotic response by triggering myofibroblast activation. The complex interplay between immune cells, fibroblasts, and other non-immune/host-derived cells is now considered as the major driving force of cardiac fibrosis. Here, we review and discuss the contribution of inflammatory cells of innate immunity, including neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, eosinophils and mast cells, in modulating the myocardial microenvironment, by orchestrating the fibrogenic process in response to tissue injury. A better understanding of the time frame, sequences of events during immune cells infiltration, and their action in the injured inflammatory heart environment, may provide a rationale to design new and more efficacious therapeutic interventions to reduce cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Baci
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (A.B.); Tel.:+39-02-5540-6648 (A.B.)
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Luca Parisi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Buono
- Unit of Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Unit of Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (A.B.); Tel.:+39-02-5540-6648 (A.B.)
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15
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TGF-β Activity Related to the Use of Collagen Membranes: In Vitro Bioassays. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186636. [PMID: 32927851 PMCID: PMC7555929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen membranes commonly used in guided bone regeneration are supposed to actively influence tissue regeneration and are not exclusively serving as passive barriers shielding away the soft tissue. The molecular mechanisms by which collagen membranes might affect tissue regeneration might involve the activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways. Here, we determined the TGF-β activity of supernatants and proteolytic lysates of five commercially available collagen membranes. The expression of TGF-β target genes interleukin 11 (IL11), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and IL11 immunoassay in gingival fibroblasts. TGF-β signaling activation was further assessed by blocking the TGF-β receptor I kinase, a TGF-β neutralizing antibody, and showing the nuclear localization of phosphorylated Smad3 and total Smad2/3. We could identify two collagen membranes whose supernatants and lysates caused a robust increase of TGF-β receptor I kinase-dependent expression of IL11 in gingival fibroblasts. Moreover, the supernatant of a particular one membrane caused the nuclear localization of phosphorylated Smad3 and Smad2/3 in the fibroblasts. These results strengthen the evidence that some collagen membranes possess an intrinsic TGF-β activity that might actively influence the process of guided bone regeneration.
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16
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Shetty SS, Sharma M, Fonseca FP, Jayaram P, Tanwar AS, Kabekkodu SP, Kapaettu S, Radhakrishnan R. Signaling pathways promoting epithelial mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:97-108. [PMID: 32874377 PMCID: PMC7452314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process that occurs during the embryonic development, wound healing, organ fibrosis and the onset of malignancy. Emerging evidence suggests that the EMT is involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancers. The inflammatory reaction antecedent to fibrosis in the onset of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and the role of EMT in its malignant transformation indicates a hitherto unexplored involvement of EMT. This review focuses on the role of EMT markers which are regulators of the EMT mediated complex network of molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OSF and OSCC. Further the gene enrichment analysis and pathway analysis supports the association of the upregulated and downregulated genes in various EMT regulating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Sammith Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ankit Singh Tanwar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Satyamoorthy Kapaettu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Kleiser S, Nyström A. Interplay between Cell-Surface Receptors and Extracellular Matrix in Skin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1170. [PMID: 32796709 PMCID: PMC7465455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin consists of the epidermis and dermis, which are connected by a specialized basement membrane-the epidermal basement membrane. Both the epidermal basement membrane and the underlying interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) created by dermal fibroblasts contain distinct network-forming macromolecules. These matrices play various roles in order to maintain skin homeostasis and integrity. Within this complex interplay of cells and matrices, cell surface receptors play essential roles not only for inside-out and outside-in signaling, but also for establishing mechanical and biochemical properties of skin. Already minor modulations of this multifactorial cross-talk can lead to severe and systemic diseases. In this review, major epidermal and dermal cell surface receptors will be addressed with respect to their interactions with matrix components as well as their roles in fibrotic, inflammatory or tumorigenic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kleiser
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Naik AS, Lin JM, Taroc EZM, Katreddi RR, Frias JA, Lemus AA, Sammons MA, Forni PE. Smad4-dependent morphogenic signals control the maturation and axonal targeting of basal vomeronasal sensory neurons to the accessory olfactory bulb. Development 2020; 147:147/8/dev184036. [PMID: 32341026 PMCID: PMC7197725 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The vomeronasal organ (VNO) contains two main types of vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) that express distinct vomeronasal receptor (VR) genes and localize to specific regions of the neuroepithelium. Morphogenic signals are crucial in defining neuronal identity and network formation; however, if and what signals control maturation and homeostasis of VSNs is largely unexplored. Here, we found transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signal transduction in postnatal mice, with BMP signaling being restricted to basal VSNs and at the marginal zones of the VNO: the site of neurogenesis. Using different Smad4 conditional knockout mouse models, we disrupted canonical TGFβ/BMP signaling in either maturing basal VSNs (bVSNs) or all mature VSNs. Smad4 loss of function in immature bVSNs compromises dendritic knob formation, pheromone induced activation, correct glomeruli formation in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) and survival. However, Smad4 loss of function in all mature VSNs only compromises correct glomeruli formation in the posterior AOB. Our results indicate that Smad4-mediated signaling drives the functional maturation and connectivity of basal VSNs. Summary: Genetic disruption of TGFβ/BMP signaling in maturing basal vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) or in all mature VSNs indicates that Smad4 signaling drives maturation and connectivity of basal VSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankana S Naik
- Department of Biological Sciences; The RNA Institute; University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences; The RNA Institute; University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Ed Zandro M Taroc
- Department of Biological Sciences; The RNA Institute; University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Raghu R Katreddi
- Department of Biological Sciences; The RNA Institute; University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jesus A Frias
- Department of Biological Sciences; The RNA Institute; University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Alex A Lemus
- Department of Biological Sciences; The RNA Institute; University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Morgan A Sammons
- Department of Biological Sciences; The RNA Institute; University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Paolo E Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences; The RNA Institute; University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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19
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Dhawan U, Wang WL, Gautam B, Aerathupalathu Janardhanan J, Hsiao PC, Tu HL, Yu HH. Mechanotactic Activation of TGF-β by PEDOT Artificial Microenvironments Triggers Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900165. [PMID: 32293138 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is integral for cells to acquire metastatic properties, and ample evidence links it to bioorganic framework of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hydroxymethyl-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polymer (PEDOT-OH) enables construction of diverse nanotopography size and morphologies and is therefore exploited to engineer organic artificial microenvironments bearing nanodots from 300 to 1000 nm in diameter to understand spatiotemporal EMT regulation by biophysical components of the TME. MCF-7 breast cancer cells are cultured on these artificial microenvironments, and temporal regulation of cellular morphology and EMT markers is investigated. The results show that upon physical stimulation, cells on 300 nm artificial microenvironments advance to EMT and display a decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein secretion. In contrast, cells on 500 nm artificial microenvironments are trapped in EMT-imbalance. Interestingly, cells on 1000 nm artificial microenvironments resemble those on control surfaces. Upon further investigation, it is found that EMT induction is triggered via transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and ECM cleaving protein, matrix metalloproteinease-9. Immunostaining EMT proteins highlighted that EMT induction is achieved through attenuation of cell-cell and cell-microenvironment adhesions. The physical stimulation-induced TGF-β perturbation can have a profound impact on the understanding of tumor-promoting signaling cascades originated by cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udesh Dhawan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Li Wang
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bhaskarchand Gautam
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwan International graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 300, ROC
| | - Jayakrishnan Aerathupalathu Janardhanan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwan International graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 300, ROC
| | - Po-Chiang Hsiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiung-Lin Tu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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20
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Tan SY, Leung Z, Wu AR. Recreating Physiological Environments In Vitro: Design Rules for Microfluidic-Based Vascularized Tissue Constructs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905055. [PMID: 31913580 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization of engineered tissue constructs remains one of the greatest unmet challenges to mimicking the native tissue microenvironment in vitro. The main obstacle is recapitulating the complexity of the physiological environment while providing simplicity in operation and manipulation of the model. Microfluidic technology has emerged as a promising tool that enables perfusion of the tissue constructs through engineered vasculatures and precise control of the vascular microenvironment cues in vitro. The tunable microenvironment includes i) biochemical cues such as coculture, supporting matrix, and growth factors and ii) engineering aspects such as vasculature engineering methods, fluid flow, and shear stress. In this systematic review, the design considerations of the microfluidic-based in vitro model are discussed, with an emphasis on microenvironment control to enhance the development of next-generation vascularized engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yen Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ziuwin Leung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Angela Ruohao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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21
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Mutant IDH1 Depletion Downregulates Integrins and Impairs Chondrosarcoma Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010141. [PMID: 31935911 PMCID: PMC7017040 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant bone tumors that produce hyaline cartilaginous matrix. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes (IDH1/2) were recently described in several cancers, including conventional and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. These mutations lead to the inability of IDH to convert isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Instead, α-KG is reduced into D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), an oncometabolite. IDH mutations and D-2HG are thought to contribute to tumorigenesis due to the role of D-2HG as a competitive inhibitor of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases. However, the function of IDH mutations in chondrosarcomas has not been clearly defined. In this study, we knocked out mutant IDH1 (IDH1mut) in two chondrosarcoma cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We observed that D-2HG production, anchorage-independent growth, and cell migration were significantly suppressed in the IDH1mut knockout cells. Loss of IDH1mut also led to a marked attenuation of chondrosarcoma formation and D-2HG production in a xenograft model. In addition, RNA-Seq analysis of IDH1mut knockout cells revealed downregulation of several integrin genes, including those of integrin alpha 5 (ITGA5) and integrin beta 5 (ITGB5). We further demonstrated that deregulation of integrin-mediated processes contributed to the tumorigenicity of IDH1-mutant chondrosarcoma cells. Our findings showed that IDH1mut knockout abrogates chondrosarcoma genesis through modulation of integrins. This suggests that integrin molecules are appealing candidates for combinatorial regimens with IDH1mut inhibitors for chondrosarcomas that harbor this mutation.
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22
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Sohn JO, Park HJ, Kim SH, Kim MJ, Song HJ, Yun JI, Lim JM, Lee ST. Integrins expressed on the surface of human endometrial stromal cells derived from a female patient experiencing spontaneous abortion. Hum Cell 2019; 33:29-36. [PMID: 31808017 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, as a basic study in revealing the correlation between extracellular matrix components and spontaneous abortion, we defined the types of integrins expressed on the surface of endometrial stromal (ES) cells retrieved from the uterus of a patient experiencing spontaneous abortion. For these, the types of integrin subunits in the ES cells retrieved from a woman with spontaneous abortion were identified at the transcriptional and translational levels, and functional assay was conducted for confirming the combinations of integrin α and β subunits. Among the genes encoding 25 integrin subunits, significantly high transcription was seen in integrins α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, αV, β1, β3, and β5. Translation of integrins α1, α3, α5, αV, and β1 on the cell surface was detected in almost all ES cells, whereas integrins α2, α4, β3, and β4 were expressed translationally only in some ES cells. Subsequently, ES cells showed significantly increased adhesion to collagen I, laminin, fibronectin, and vitronectin, and functional blocking of integrin α1, α3, α5, and αV significantly inhibited adhesion to these molecules. These results demonstrated that active heterodimers composed of integrins α1β1, α3β1, α5β1, and αVβ1 were co-localized on the surface of ES cells derived from a patient experiencing spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ohn Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Kim
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Song
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Jung Im Yun
- Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jeong Mook Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, #200-4219, Daehak ro 1, Gwanak gu, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biomodulation, Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Dongsangdae 2-#105-1, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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23
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Ashok A, Kang MH, Wise AS, Pattabiraman P, Johnson WM, Lonigro M, Ravikumar R, Rhee DJ, Singh N. Prion protein modulates endothelial to mesenchyme-like transition in trabecular meshwork cells: Implications for primary open angle glaucoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13090. [PMID: 31511544 PMCID: PMC6739364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchyme-like transition (Endo-MT) of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells is known to be associated with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Here, we investigated whether the prion protein (PrPC), a neuronal protein known to modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a variety of cell types, is expressed in the TM, and plays a similar role at this site. Using a combination of primary human TM cells and human, bovine, and PrP-knock-out (PrP−/−) mouse models, we demonstrate that PrPC is expressed in the TM of all three species, including endothelial cells lining the Schlemm’s canal. Silencing of PrPC in primary human TM cells induces aggregation of β1-integrin and upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, collagen 1A, vimentin, and laminin, suggestive of transition to a mesenchyme-like phenotype. Remarkably, intraocular pressure is significantly elevated in PrP−/− mice relative to wild-type controls, suggesting reduced pliability of the extracellular matrix and increased resistance to aqueous outflow in the absence of PrPC. Since PrPC is cleaved by members of the disintegrin and matrix-metalloprotease family that are increased in the aqueous humor of POAG arising from a variety of conditions, it is likely that concomitant cleavage of PrPC exaggerates and confounds the pathology by inducing Endo-MT-like changes in the TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Ashok
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Min H Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Aaron S Wise
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - P Pattabiraman
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | | | - Michael Lonigro
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Ranjana Ravikumar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Douglas J Rhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Neena Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.
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24
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Lian C, Wang X, Qiu X, Wu Z, Gao B, Liu L, Liang G, Zhou H, Yang X, Peng Y, Liang A, Xu C, Huang D, Su P. Collagen type II suppresses articular chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteoarthritis progression by promoting integrin β1-SMAD1 interaction. Bone Res 2019; 7:8. [PMID: 30854241 PMCID: PMC6403405 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic differentiation is not only the terminal process of endochondral ossification in the growth plate but is also an important pathological change in osteoarthritic cartilage. Collagen type II (COL2A1) was previously considered to be only a structural component of the cartilage matrix, but recently, it has been revealed to be an extracellular signaling molecule that can significantly suppress chondrocyte hypertrophy. However, the mechanisms by which COL2A1 regulates hypertrophic differentiation remain unclear. In our study, a Col2a1 p.Gly1170Ser mutant mouse model was constructed, and Col2a1 loss was demonstrated in homozygotes. Loss of Col2a1 was found to accelerate chondrocyte hypertrophy through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-SMAD1 pathway. Upon interacting with COL2A1, integrin β1 (ITGB1), the major receptor for COL2A1, competed with BMP receptors for binding to SMAD1 and then inhibited SMAD1 activation and nuclear import. COL2A1 could also activate ITGB1-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and, through ERK1/2-SMAD1 interaction, it further repressed SMAD1 activation, thus inhibiting BMP-SMAD1-mediated chondrocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, COL2A1 expression was downregulated, while chondrocyte hypertrophic markers and BMP-SMAD1 signaling activity were upregulated in degenerative human articular cartilage. Our study reveals novel mechanisms for the inhibition of chondrocyte hypertrophy by COL2A1 and suggests that the degradation and decrease in COL2A1 might initiate and promote osteoarthritis progression. A signaling feedback loop that contributes to cartilage degeneration may offer a fruitful target for the treatment of osteoarthritis. During the early stages of this disorder, cartilage-forming chondrocytes undergo a process of expansion known as hypertrophy, after which they die and are replaced by calcium. Researchers led by Peiqiang Su and Dongsheng Huang of Sun Yat-sen University have demonstrated that COL2A1, an important structural protein, represents an important safeguard against hypertrophy. COL2A1 helps maintain chondrocytes in their normal, healthy state, but Su and Huang showed that signaling factors produced during cartilage repair can reduce COL2A1 levels. This in turn accelerates hypertrophy, promoting further depletion of COL2A1 and ultimately leading to full-blown osteoarthritis. Drugs that break this cycle and preserve COL2A1 could thus help protect endangered joints before the damage becomes severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Lian
- 1Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China.,2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xudong Wang
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xianjian Qiu
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zizhao Wu
- 3Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Bo Gao
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lei Liu
- 4Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Guoyan Liang
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medicine Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Hang Zhou
- 1Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- 1Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yan Peng
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Anjing Liang
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Caixia Xu
- 6Research Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- 1Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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25
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Oh H, Kim CY, Ryu B, Kim U, Kim J, Lee JM, Lee BH, Moon J, Jung CR, Park JH. Respiratory Toxicity of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Exposure in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2018; 15:460-472. [PMID: 30133415 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Humidifier disinfectants containing polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) can induce pulmonary toxicity and has caused human casualties in South Korea since 2006. Thereby, the safety evaluation of household chemicals such as PHMG-P has garnered increased importance. However, many limitations, such as the lack of specialized facilities and animal welfare concerns associated with the use of murine models, persist. Zebrafish gills have high functional and structural similarity to mammalian lungs. Moreover, zebrafish are sensitive to toxic substances, resulting in changes in behavioral or ventilatory patterns. Based on these facts, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of PHMG-P in zebrafish. Zebrafish exposed to PHMG-P showed an increase in mRNA levels of inflammatory factors persisting for 28 days along with histopathologic changes in the gills. An exposure time-dependent alteration in infiltration of inflammatory cells and destruction of gill lamellae was observed. In addition, an increase in mRNA levels of fibrosis factors was observed in gills exposed to PHMG-P for 28 days, as assessed by collagen staining with Masson's trichrome. These results supported the cellular level results. Taken together, our results reveal pulmonary toxic effects of PHMG-P and suggest useful markers for evaluating pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Oh
- 1 Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- 2 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- 1 Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ukjin Kim
- 1 Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- 1 Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- 1 Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- 3 National Institute of Biological Resources , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisook Moon
- 4 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- 5 Gene Therapy Research Unit, KRIBB , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- 1 Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Impaired healing of cornea incision injury in a TRPV1-deficient mouse. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:329-338. [PMID: 29971480 PMCID: PMC6209059 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study attempts to elucidate the role of TRPV1 cation channel receptor on primary repair in an incision-wounded mouse cornea in vivo. Previous study revealed that blocking TRPV1 suppressed myofibroblast formation and expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in cultured keratocytes or ocular fibroblasts. Male C57BL/6 (wild-type; WT) mice and male C57BL/6 Trpv1-null (KO) mice incurred a full-thickness incision injury (1.8 mm in length, limbus to limbus) in the central cornea of one eye with a surgical blade under general and topical anesthesia. The injury was not sutured. On days 0, 5, and 10, the eyes were enucleated, processed for histology, immunohistochemistry, and real-time RT-PCR gene expression analysis to evaluate the effects of the loss of TRPV1 on primary healing. Electron microscopy observation was also performed to know the effect of the loss of TRPV1 on ultrastructure of keratocytes. The results showed that the loss of Trpv1 gene delayed closure of corneal stromal incision with hindered myofibroblast transdifferentiation along with declines in the expression of collagen Ia1 and TGFβ1. Inflammatory cell infiltration was not affected by the loss of TRPV1. Ultrastructurally endoplasmic reticulum of TRPV1-null keratocytes was more extensively dilated as compared with WT keratocytes, suggesting an impairment of protein secretion by TRPV1-gene knockout. These results indicate that injury-related TRPV1 signal is involved in healing of stromal incision injury in a mouse cornea by selectively stimulating TGFβ-induced granulation tissue formation.
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27
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Kuwashiro T, Iwane S, Jinghe X, Matsuhashi S, Eguchi Y, Anzai K, Fujimoto K, Mizuta T, Sakamoto N, Ikeda M, Kato N, Ozaki I. Regulation of interferon signaling and HCV‑RNA replication by extracellular matrix. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:957-965. [PMID: 29786754 PMCID: PMC6034922 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although interferon (IFN)‑based treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is widely applied, treatment resistance is often observed in patients with advanced liver fibrosis. Given that the molecular mechanisms of IFN resistance in liver fibrosis remain elusive, the present study investigated the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) on IFN signaling in hepatic cells. The native HuH‑7 human hepatoma cell line and HuH‑7 cells were stably transfected with full‑length HCV‑RNA fused with Renilla luciferase (OR6 cells) were cultured on ECM‑coated dishes or non‑coated plastic dishes (NDs), and treated with human IFN‑α. In Huh‑7 cells cultured on coated dishes, the IFN‑stimulated response element (ISRE) luciferase activity was measured following ISRE plasmid transfection and the expression of IFN‑stimulated genes (ISG) were significantly lower than those in cells cultured on NDs. In addition, after IFN‑α treatment, the amount of HCV‑RNA and viral protein produced by OR6 cells cultured on coated dishes was higher than that produced by cells cultured on NDs. When cells were treated with β1‑integrin‑blocking antibody to disrupt the cell‑matrix interaction, the ISRE luciferase activity was restored, and the protein expression of ISG was increased, while that of HCV proteins was suppressed. Treatment of cells with integrin‑linked kinase (ILK) inhibitor or focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor restored the ISRE luciferase activity and expression of ISG proteins. These results suggested that β1‑integrin‑mediated signals affected the IFN signaling and promoted HCV replication. Therefore, the accumulation of ECM in liver fibrosis may impair IFN signaling through β1‑integrin‑mediated signaling involving ILK and FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kuwashiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Iwane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Xia Jinghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Sachiko Matsuhashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Eguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Kazuma Fujimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Mizuta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8638, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Tumor Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kato
- Department of Tumor Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan
| | - Iwata Ozaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
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28
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Yang TL, Lee PL, Lee DY, Wang WL, Wei SY, Lee CI, Chiu JJ. Differential regulations of fibronectin and laminin in Smad2 activation in vascular endothelial cells in response to disturbed flow. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:1. [PMID: 29295709 PMCID: PMC5749020 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis occurs in arterial curvatures and branches, where the flow is disturbed with low and oscillatory shear stress (OSS). The remodeling and alterations of extracellular matrices (ECMs) and their composition is the critical step in atherogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of different ECM proteins on the regulation of mechanotransduction in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in response to OSS. METHODS Through the experiments ranging from in vitro cell culture studies on effects of OSS on molecular signaling to in vivo examinations on clinical specimens from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), we elucidated the roles of integrins and different ECMs, i.e., fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LM), in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor (TβR)-mediated Smad2 activation and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in ECs in response to OSS and hence atherogenesis. RESULTS OSS at 0.5±12 dynes/cm2 induces sustained increases in the association of types I and II TβRs with β1 and β3 integrins in ECs grown on FN, but it only transient increases in ECs grown on LM. OSS induces a sustained activation of Smad2 in ECs on FN, but only a transient activation of Smad2 in ECs on LM. OSS-activation of Smad2 in ECs on FN regulates downstream NF-κB signaling and pro-inflammatory gene expression through the activation of β1 integrin and its association with TβRs. In contrast, OSS induces transient activations of β1 and β3 integrins in ECs on LM, which associate with type I TβR to regulate Smad2 phosphorylation, resulting in transient induction of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory gene expression. In vivo investigations on diseased human coronary arteries from CAD patients revealed that Smad2 is highly activated in ECs of atherosclerotic lesions, which is accompanied by the concomitant increase of FN rather than LM in the EC layer and neointimal region of atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of how OSS regulates Smad2 signaling and pro-inflammatory genes through the complex signaling networks of integrins, TβRs, and ECMs, thus illustrating the molecular basis of regional pro-inflammatory activation within disturbed flow regions in the arterial tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Lin Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yu Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Departments of Food Science and Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Wang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Wei
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Cui HS, Hong AR, Kim JB, Yu JH, Cho YS, Joo SY, Seo CH. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Alters the Expression of Fibrosis-Related Molecules in Fibroblast Derived from Human Hypertrophic Scar. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010124. [PMID: 29301325 PMCID: PMC5796073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) considerably improves the appearance and symptoms of post-burn hypertrophic scars (HTS). However, the mechanism underlying the observed beneficial effects is not well understood. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying changes in cellular and molecular biology that is induced by ESWT of fibroblasts derived from scar tissue (HTSFs). We cultured primary dermal fibroblasts derived from human HTS and exposed these cells to 1000 impulses of 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mJ/mm2. At 24 h and 72 h after treatment, real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect mRNA and protein expression, respectively, and cell viability and mobility were assessed. While HTSF viability was not affected, migration was decreased by ESWT. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression was reduced and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-I, fibronectin, and twist-1 were reduced significantly after ESWT. Expression of E-cadherin was increased, while that of N-cadherin was reduced. Expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 and 2 was increased. In conclusion, suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition might be responsible for the anti-scarring effect of ESWT, and has potential as a therapeutic target in the management of post-burn scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song Cui
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea.
| | - A Ram Hong
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea.
| | - June-Bum Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07247, Korea.
| | - Joo Hyang Yu
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea.
| | - Yoon Soo Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea.
| | - So Young Joo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea.
| | - Cheong Hoon Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea.
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30
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D'Arpino MC, Fuchs AG, Sánchez SS, Honoré SM. Extracellular matrix remodeling and TGF-β1/Smad signaling in diabetic colon mucosa. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:443-456. [PMID: 29227005 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with metabolic and functional alterations in the gut. Using an experimental model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rodents, we analyzed the extracellular matrix (ECM) and TGF-β/Smad signaling in the colon mucosa. Male rats were divided into normal control, diabetic and insulin treated diabetic groups during 4 and 9 weeks. Sirius red staining showed marked increase in the extracellular matrix deposition in diabetic mucosa. High levels of fibrillar collagen (I and III) and fibronectin mRNAs were also detected with an imbalance between MMPs/TIMPs activities. Moreover, an increased mesenchymal cell proliferation together with an enhanced expression of myofibroblasts markers vimentin and α-SMA were observed. TGF-β/Smad signaling-related genes were determined using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Diabetic rats showed a significant up-regulation of TGF-β1, TGF-β receptors and the effectors p-Smad2/3 in the mucosa compared with control rats. Insulin treatment attenuated the stimulating effect of diabetes on colon ECM deposition and TGF-β/Smad signaling. In conclusion, the overall results showed a deregulation of the TGFβ1 pathway associated with the appearance of myofibroblasts and the accumulation of ECM in the mucosa of diabetic colon. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that TGF-β1/Smad is a key component of intestinal tissue remodeling in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia D'Arpino
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alicia G Fuchs
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECHIS)-Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Av. Montes de Oca 745, 1270AAH, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara S Sánchez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Stella M Honoré
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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31
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Zhang YE. Mechanistic insight into contextual TGF-β signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 51:1-7. [PMID: 29149681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) controls a wide range of cellular functions by activating both SMADs and non-SMAD pathways. In different tissue or physiological environment, cellular responses to TGF-β can be diverse, even opposite. Complex regulations at the level of ligand mobilization, receptor presentation, and the network of intracellular signal transducers afford the TGF-β pathway with versatile means to induce precise cellular responses in accordance to specific contextual demands. This article summarizes recent development in how cells manage their responses to TGF-β through ligand activation, receptor abundance, as well as SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying E Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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32
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Varadaraj A, Jenkins LM, Singh P, Chanda A, Snider J, Lee NY, Amsalem-Zafran AR, Ehrlich M, Henis YI, Mythreye K. TGF-β triggers rapid fibrillogenesis via a novel TβRII-dependent fibronectin-trafficking mechanism. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1195-1207. [PMID: 28298487 PMCID: PMC5415016 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increased recycling of soluble fibronectin from the cell surface for fibrillogenesis. This recycling is regulated by TGF-β in a transcription- and SMAD-independent manner via specific TβRII and integrin α5β1 interactions. The recycling of fibronectin is Rab11 dependent and is required for TGF-β–induced cell migration. Fibronectin (FN) is a critical regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling through its availability and stepwise polymerization for fibrillogenesis. Availability of FN is regulated by its synthesis and turnover, and fibrillogenesis is a multistep, integrin-dependent process essential for cell migration, proliferation, and tissue function. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is an established regulator of ECM remodeling via transcriptional control of ECM proteins. Here we show that TGF-β, through increased FN trafficking in a transcription- and SMAD-independent manner, is a direct and rapid inducer of the fibrillogenesis required for TGF-β–induced cell migration. Whereas TGF-β signaling is dispensable for rapid fibrillogenesis, stable interactions between the cytoplasmic domain of the type II TGF-β receptor (TβRII) and the FN receptor (α5β1 integrin) are required. We find that, in response to TGF-β, cell surface–internalized FN is not degraded by the lysosome but instead undergoes recycling and incorporation into fibrils, a process dependent on TβRII. These findings are the first to show direct use of trafficked and recycled FN for fibrillogenesis, with a striking role for TGF-β in this process. Given the significant physiological consequences associated with FN availability and polymerization, our findings provide new insights into the regulation of fibrillogenesis for cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Varadaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Laura M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Anindya Chanda
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201
| | - John Snider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - N Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 .,Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
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Zhao Y, Zhou FL, Li WP, Wang J, Wang LJ. Slit2‑Robo1 signaling promotes the adhesion, invasion and migration of tongue carcinoma cells via upregulating matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and downregulating E‑cadherin. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1901-6. [PMID: 27431199 PMCID: PMC4991736 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether Slit homologue 2 (Slit2) inhibits or promotes tumor cell migration remains controversial, and the role of Slit2‑Roundabout 1 (Robo1) signaling in oral cancer remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Slit2‑Robo1 signaling in the adhesion, invasion and migration of tongue carcinoma cells, and the mechanism by which Slit2‑Robo1 signaling inhibits or promotes tumor cell migration. Tca8113 tongue carcinoma cells were treated with the monoclonal anti‑human Robo1 antibody, R5, to inhibit the Slit2‑Robo1 signaling pathway, with immunoglobulin (Ig)G2b treatment as a negative control. The expression levels of Slit2 and Robo1 were determined using flow cytometry. The effects of R5 on the adhesion, invasion and migration of Tca8113 tongue carcinoma cells were investigated. Gelatin zymography was used to investigate the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression levels of E‑cadherin in Tca8113 cells treated with 10 µg/ml of either R5 or IgG2b. Slit2 and Robo1 proteins were found to be expressed in the Tca8113 cells. R5 significantly inhibited the adhesion, invasion and migration of Tca8113 cells in vitro. R5 also inhibited the activities of MMP2 and MMP9, and increased the expression of E‑cadherin in the Tca8113 cells. These results suggested that Slit2‑Robo1 signaling promoted the adhesion, invasion and migration of tongue carcinoma cells by upregulating the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 and, downregulating the expression of E‑cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Oral Basic Science, College of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Feng-Li Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Military Region, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oral Basic Science, College of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Mechanobiology of TGFβ signaling in the skeleton. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:413-425. [PMID: 26877077 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical and biochemical cues play fundamental roles in the skeleton at both the tissue and cellular levels. The precise coordination of these cues is essential for skeletal development and homeostasis, and disruption of this coordination can drive disease progression. The growth factor TGFβ is involved in both the regulation of and cellular response to the physical microenvironment. It is essential to summarize the current findings regarding the mechanisms by which skeletal cells integrate physical and biochemical cues so that we can identify and address remaining gaps that could ultimately improve skeletal health. In this review, we describe the role of TGFβ in mechanobiological signaling in bone and cartilage at the tissue and cellular levels. We provide detail on how static and dynamic physical cues at the macro-level are transmitted to the micro-level, ultimately leading to regulation at each level of the TGFβ pathway and to cell differentiation. The continued integration of engineering and biological approaches is needed to answer many remaining questions, such as the mechanisms by which cells generate a coordinated response to physical and biochemical cues. We propose one such mechanism, through which the combination of TGFβ and an optimal physical microenvironment leads to synergistic induction of downstream TGFβ signaling.
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Rys JP, DuFort CC, Monteiro DA, Baird MA, Oses-Prieto JA, Chand S, Burlingame AL, Davidson MW, Alliston TN. Discrete spatial organization of TGFβ receptors couples receptor multimerization and signaling to cellular tension. eLife 2015; 4:e09300. [PMID: 26652004 PMCID: PMC4728123 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors are central to the cell's ability to generate coordinated responses to the multitude of biochemical and physical cues in the microenvironment. However, the mechanisms by which receptors enable this concerted cellular response remain unclear. To investigate the effect of cellular tension on cell surface receptors, we combined novel high-resolution imaging and single particle tracking with established biochemical assays to examine TGFβ signaling. We find that TGFβ receptors are discretely organized to segregated spatial domains at the cell surface. Integrin-rich focal adhesions organize TβRII around TβRI, limiting the integration of TβRII while sequestering TβRI at these sites. Disruption of cellular tension leads to a collapse of this spatial organization and drives formation of heteromeric TβRI/TβRII complexes and Smad activation. This work details a novel mechanism by which cellular tension regulates TGFβ receptor organization, multimerization, and function, providing new insight into the mechanisms that integrate biochemical and physical cues. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09300.001 Cells constantly encounter diverse physical and biological signals in their surroundings. Information contained in these signals is transmitted from the cell surface to the interior to trigger coordinated changes in the cell’s behavior. Physical signals include the forces generated by cells pulling on one another or on their surroundings. These pulling forces calibrate the cell’s response to biological signals through mechanisms that remain unclear. The cell surface contains many different proteins that are specialized to sense these signals and guide the cell’s response. In animals, these membrane proteins include the receptors that detect a small signaling protein known as TGFβ. TGFβ first binds to one of these receptors (called TβRII). Next another receptor (called TβRI) is recruited to the complex. Once this complex is formed, the TGFβ receptors activate a complicated signaling pathway that controls how cells grow and divide. Previous work has shown that the TGFβ pathway can also sense and respond to mechanical forces. But it remains poorly understood how pulling forces (or tension) impact TGFβ receptors at the cell surface. Rys, DuFort et al. have now used cutting-edge microscopy and biochemical techniques to analyze individual TβRI and TβRII receptors and observe how they respond to mechanical forces in real-time. This revealed that TβRI and TβRII exist in discrete regions on the cell surface. Rys, DuFort et al. observed that TβRI is enriched at assemblies of molecules called focal adhesions. Focal adhesions are the sites on cell surfaces that allow cells to adhere to one another and to the molecular scaffolding in their surroundings. Unlike TβRI, TβRII was often excluded from these sites and more commonly appeared to ‘bounce’ around the edges of individual focal adhesions. Therefore, focal adhesions limit the interactions between TβRI and TβRII, by sequestering one away from the other. Rys, DuFort et al. next treated cells with a chemical that disrupts tension, and saw that the physical separation between TβRI and TβRII collapsed, which permitted these two receptors to interact and form a working signaling complex. Further work is needed to understand how physical control of TGFβ receptor interactions helps cells coordinate their tasks in response to the myriad biological and physical signals in their surroundings. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09300.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna P Rys
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Christopher C DuFort
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - David A Monteiro
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Shreya Chand
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Tamara N Alliston
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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Ying R, Wang XQ, Yang Y, Gu ZJ, Mai JT, Qiu Q, Chen YX, Wang JF. Hydrogen sulfide suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition through Src pathway. Life Sci 2015; 144:208-17. [PMID: 26656263 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in several models by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is implicated in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, we investigated whether H2S could attenuate EndMT by suppressing ER stress. MAIN METHODS ER stress was induced by tunicamycin (TM) and thapsigargin (TG) and inhibited by 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ER stress and EndMT were measured by Western blot, Real-Time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Inhibition Smad2 and Src pathway were performed by specific inhibitors and siRNA. Ultrastructural examination was detected by transmission electron microscope. The functions of HUVECs were investigated by cell migration assay and tube formation in vitro. KEY FINDINGS Under ER stress, the expression of endothelial marker CD31 significantly decreased while mesenchymal markers α-SMA, vimentin and collagen 1 increased which could be inhibited by 4-PBA. Moreover, HUVECs changed into a fibroblast-like appearance with the activation of Smad2 and Src kinase pathway. After inhibiting Src pathway, EndMT would be significantly inhibited. TM reduced H2S levels in cell lysate and H2S pretreatment could preserve endothelial cell appearance with decreased ER stress and ameliorated dilation of ER. H2S could also downregulate the mesenchymal marker expression, and upregulate the endothelial markers expression, accompanied with the suppression of Src pathway. Moreover, H2S partially restored the capacity of migration and tube formation in HUVECs. SIGNIFICANCE These results revealed that H2S could protect against ER stress-induced EndMT through Src pathway, which may be a novel role for the cardioprotection of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jie Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ting Mai
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China.
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Fucoidan inhibition of lung cancer in vivo and in vitro : role of the Smurf2-dependent ubiquitin proteasome pathway in TGFβ receptor degradation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7870-85. [PMID: 25149540 PMCID: PMC4202167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan, a polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds, reduces tumor cell proliferation. In this study, we demonstrate that fucoidan reduces tumor size in LLC1-xenograft male C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, we found that LLC1-bearing mice continuously fed fucoidan showed greater antitumor activity than mice with discontinuous feeding. Fucoidan inhibited the in vitro growth of lung cancer cells. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptors (TGFRs) play important roles in the regulation of proliferation and progression, and high TGFRI expression in lung cancer specimens is associated with a worse prognosis. Herein, using lung cancer cells, we found that fucoidan effectively reduces TGFRI and TGFRII protein levels in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, fucoidan reduces TGFR downstream signaling events, including those in Smad2/3 and non-Smad pathways: Akt, Erk1/2, and FAK phosphorylation. Furthermore, fucoidan suppresses lung cancer cell mobility upon TGFβ stimulation. To elucidate how fucoidan decreases TGFR proteins in lung cancer cells, we found that fucoidan enhances the ubiquitination proteasome pathway (UPP)-mediated degradation of TGFRs in A549 and CL1-5 cells. Mechanistically, fucoidan promotes Smurf2 and Smad7 to conjugate TGFRs, resulting in TGF degradation; however, Smurf2-shRNA abolishes fucoidan-enhanced UPP-mediated TGFR degradation. Our study is the first to identify a novel mechanism for the antitumor activity of fucoidan, namely decreasing tumor growth by modulating the TGFR/Smad7/Smurf2-dependent axis, leading to TGFR protein degradation and inhibition of lung cancer cell progression in vitro and in vivo. Our current findings indicate that fucoidan is a potential therapeutic agent or dietary supplementation for lung cancer, acting via the Smurf2-dependent ubiquitin degradation of TGFβ receptors.
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Cichon MA, Radisky DC. Extracellular matrix as a contextual determinant of transforming growth factor-β signaling in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and in cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:588-94. [PMID: 25482625 PMCID: PMC4594483 DOI: 10.4161/19336918.2014.972788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both structural support and contextual information to cells within tissues and organs. The combination of biochemical and biomechanical signals from the ECM modulates responses to extracellular signals toward differentiation, proliferation, or apoptosis; alterations in the ECM are necessary for development and remodeling processes, but aberrations in the composition and organization of ECM are associated with disease pathology and can predispose to development of cancer. The primary cell surface sensors of the ECM are the integrins, which provide the physical connection between the ECM and the cytoskeleton and also convey biochemical information about the composition of the ECM. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an extracellular signaling molecule that is a powerful controller of a variety of cellular functions, and that has been found to induce very different outcomes according to cell type and cellular context. It is becoming clear that ECM-mediated signaling through integrins is reciprocally influenced by TGF-β: integrin expression, activation, and responses are affected by cellular exposure to TGF-β, and TGF-β activation and cellular responses are in turn controlled by signaling from the ECM through integrins. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a physiological process that is activated by TGF-β in normal development and in cancer, is also affected by the composition and structure of the ECM. Here, we will outline how signaling from the ECM controls the contextual response to TGF-β, and how this response is selectively modulated during disease, with an emphasis on recent findings, current challenges, and future opportunities.
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Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential mechanism in embryonic development and tissue repair. EMT also contributes to the progression of disease, including organ fibrosis and cancer. EMT, as well as a similar transition occurring in vascular endothelial cells called endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), results from the induction of transcription factors that alter gene expression to promote loss of cell-cell adhesion, leading to a shift in cytoskeletal dynamics and a change from epithelial morphology and physiology to the mesenchymal phenotype. Transcription program switching in EMT is induced by signaling pathways mediated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Wnt-β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, and receptor tyrosine kinases. These pathways are activated by various dynamic stimuli from the local microenvironment, including growth factors and cytokines, hypoxia, and contact with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). We discuss how these pathways crosstalk and respond to signals from the microenvironment to regulate the expression and function of EMT-inducing transcription factors in development, physiology, and disease. Understanding these mechanisms will enable the therapeutic control of EMT to promote tissue regeneration, treat fibrosis, and prevent cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Gonzalez
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Damian Medici
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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40
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Zhao Z, Liu H, Yang Y, Sun K, Li M, Zhang J, Cai H, Wang J. Expression of natriuretic peptide receptor-A in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and the relationship with tumor invasion and migration. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:154. [PMID: 24885858 PMCID: PMC4038370 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) has been investigated as a receptor of natriuretic peptides in the cardiovascular system. In this study, however, we analyze the expression status of NPRA and the relationship with tumor invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) for the first time. METHODS Western blots were used to examine the expression status of protein in human ESCC cell lines. Then, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of NPRA in 45 ESCC specimens and 40 corresponding nontumor tissues. The clinical data were analyzed through statistical methods. Sh-RNA-NPRA was transfected into Eca109 cells to detect the relationship between NPRA and cell invasion through transwell assays. RESULTS In esophageal squamous cells, the expression of NPRA was strongly detected in the cytoplasm, while undetectable or very weak in the nucleus. The positive rates of NPRA in cancer tissues are significantly higher than that in nontumor tissues (P<0.05). Clinicopathological analyses revealed that increased NPRA expression correlated with differentiation and TNM stage (P<0.05), while it showed no statistically significant association with age, gender, and lymph node metastasis. In analysis of prognosis, we found that highly.Transwell assays showed that NPRA promoted Eca109 cell migration and invasion in vitro and may be involved in MMP2 and MMP9 activation. CONCLUSIONS NPRA protein is highly expressed in ESCC tissues and could promote Eca109 cell migration and invasion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhao
- Department of second Thoracic surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road no. 277, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Baoji Central hospital, Jiang Tan Road no. 8, Baoji, Shaanxi 721000, China
| | - Haoqian Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Baoji Central hospital, Jiang Tan Road no. 8, Baoji, Shaanxi 721000, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of second Thoracic surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road no. 277, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of second Thoracic surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road no. 277, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of second Thoracic surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road no. 277, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of second Thoracic surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road no. 277, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of second Thoracic surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road no. 277, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Department of second Thoracic surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road no. 277, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Rybinski B, Franco-Barraza J, Cukierman E. The wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer progression triad. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:223-44. [PMID: 24520152 PMCID: PMC4035661 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00158.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades tumors have been recognized as "wounds that do not heal." Besides the commonalities that tumors and wounded tissues share, the process of wound healing also portrays similar characteristics with chronic fibrosis. In this review, we suggest a tight interrelationship, which is governed as a concurrence of cellular and microenvironmental reactivity among wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer development/progression (i.e., the WHFC triad). It is clear that the same cell types, as well as soluble and matrix elements that drive wound healing (including regeneration) via distinct signaling pathways, also fuel chronic fibrosis and tumor progression. Hence, here we review the relationship between fibrosis and cancer through the lens of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Rybinski
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center/Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Aschner Y, Khalifah AP, Briones N, Yamashita C, Dolgonos L, Young SK, Campbell MN, Riches DWH, Redente EF, Janssen WJ, Henson PM, Sap J, Vacaresse N, Kapus A, McCulloch CAG, Zemans RL, Downey GP. Protein tyrosine phosphatase α mediates profibrotic signaling in lung fibroblasts through TGF-β responsiveness. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1489-502. [PMID: 24650563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic lung diseases represent a diverse group of progressive and often fatal disorders with limited treatment options. Although the pathogenesis of these conditions remains incompletely understood, receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase α (PTP-α encoded by PTPRA) has emerged as a key regulator of fibroblast signaling. We previously reported that PTP-α regulates cellular responses to cytokines and growth factors through integrin-mediated signaling and that PTP-α promotes fibroblast expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3, a matrix-degrading proteinase linked to pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we sought to determine more directly the role of PTP-α in pulmonary fibrosis. Mice genetically deficient in PTP-α (Ptpra(-/-)) were protected from pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal bleomycin, with minimal alterations in the early inflammatory response or production of TGF-β. Ptpra(-/-) mice were also protected from pulmonary fibrosis induced by adenoviral-mediated expression of active TGF-β1. In reciprocal bone marrow chimera experiments, the protective phenotype tracked with lung parenchymal cells but not bone marrow-derived cells. Because fibroblasts are key contributors to tissue fibrosis, we compared profibrotic responses in wild-type and Ptpra(-/-) mouse embryonic and lung fibroblasts. Ptpra(-/-) fibroblasts exhibited hyporesponsiveness to TGF-β, manifested by diminished expression of αSMA, EDA-fibronectin, collagen 1A, and CTGF. Ptpra(-/-) fibroblasts exhibited markedly attenuated TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 transcriptional activity. We conclude that PTP-α promotes profibrotic signaling pathways in fibroblasts through control of cellular responsiveness to TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aschner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anthony P Khalifah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Natalie Briones
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Cory Yamashita
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lior Dolgonos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Scott K Young
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Megan N Campbell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - David W H Riches
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jan Sap
- Unit of Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Vacaresse
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute-St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
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Tumelty KE, Smith BD, Nugent MA, Layne MD. Aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein (ACLP) enhances lung myofibroblast differentiation through transforming growth factor β receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2526-36. [PMID: 24344132 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.502617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal lung disease characterized by the overgrowth, hardening, and scarring of lung tissue. The exact mechanisms of how IPF develops and progresses are unknown. IPF is characterized by extracellular matrix remodeling and accumulation of active TGFβ, which promotes collagen expression and the differentiation of smooth muscle α-actin (SMA)-positive myofibroblasts. Aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein (ACLP) is an extracellular matrix protein secreted by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and is expressed in fibrotic human lung tissue and in mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Importantly, ACLP knockout mice are significantly protected from bleomycin-induced fibrosis. The goal of this study was to identify the mechanisms of ACLP action on fibroblast differentiation. As primary lung fibroblasts differentiated into myofibroblasts, ACLP expression preceded SMA and collagen expression. Recombinant ACLP induced SMA and collagen expression in mouse and human lung fibroblasts. Knockdown of ACLP slowed the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and partially reverted differentiated myofibroblasts by reducing SMA expression. We hypothesized that ACLP stimulates myofibroblast formation partly through activating TGFβ signaling. Treatment of fibroblasts with recombinant ACLP induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3. This phosphorylation and induction of SMA was dependent on TGFβ receptor binding and kinase activity. ACLP-induced collagen expression was independent of interaction with the TGFβ receptor. These findings indicate that ACLP stimulates the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition by promoting SMA expression via TGFβ signaling and promoting collagen expression through a TGFβ receptor-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Tumelty
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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Shields MA, Ebine K, Sahai V, Kumar K, Siddiqui K, Hwang RF, Grippo PJ, Munshi HG. Snail cooperates with KrasG12D to promote pancreatic fibrosis. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:1078-87. [PMID: 23761168 PMCID: PMC3778055 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Patients with pancreatic cancer, which is characterized by an extensive collagen-rich fibrotic reaction, often present with metastases. A critical step in cancer metastasis is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which can be orchestrated by the Snail family of transcription factors. To understand the role of Snail (SNAI1) in pancreatic cancer development, we generated transgenic mice expressing Snail in the pancreas. Because chronic pancreatitis can contribute to pancreatic cancer development, Snail-expressing mice were treated with cerulein to induce pancreatitis. Although significant tissue injury was observed, a minimal difference in pancreatitis was seen between control and Snail-expressing mice. However, because Kras mutation is necessary for tumor development in mouse models of pancreatic cancer, we generated mice expressing both mutant Kras(G12D) and Snail (Kras(+)/Snail(+)). Compared with control mice (Kras(+)/Snai(-)), Kras(+)/Snail(+) mice developed acinar ectasia and more advanced acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. The Kras(+)/Snail(+) mice exhibited increased fibrosis, increased phosphorylated Smad2, increased TGF-β2 expression, and activation of pancreatic stellate cells. To further understand the mechanism by which Snail promoted fibrosis, we established an in vitro model to examine the effect of Snail expression in pancreatic cancer cells on stellate cell collagen production. Snail expression in pancreatic cancer cells increased TGF-β2 levels, and conditioned media from Snail-expressing pancreatic cancer cells increased collagen production by stellate cells. Additionally, inhibiting TGF-β signaling in stellate cells attenuated the conditioned media-induced collagen production by stellate cells. Together, these results suggest that Snail contributes to pancreatic tumor development by promoting fibrotic reaction through increased TGF-β signaling. IMPLICATIONS Expression of the EMT regulator Snail in the context of mutant Kras provides new insight into pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Shields
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Lurie Building, Room 3-117, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611.
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Abstract
We investigated the effects of loss of tenascin C on the healing of the stroma using incision-injured mice corneas. Tenascin C was upregulated in the stroma following incision injury to the cornea. Wild-type (WT) and tenascin C-null (knockout (KO)) mice on a C57BL/6 background were used. Cell culture experiments were also conducted to determine the effects of the lack of tenascin C on fibrogenic gene expression in ocular fibroblasts. Histology, immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription PCR were employed to evaluate the healing process in the stroma. The difference in the incidence of wound closure was statistically analyzed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained samples between WT and KO mice in addition to qualitative observation. Healing of incision injury in corneal stroma was delayed, with less appearance of myofibroblasts, less invasion of macrophages and reduction in expression of collagen Iα1, fibronectin and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in KO mice compared with WT mice. In vitro experiments showed that the loss of tenascin C counteracted TGFβ1 acceleration of mRNA expression of TGFβ1, and of collagen Iα1 and of myofibroblast conversion in ocular fibroblasts. These results indicate that tenascin C modulates wound healing-related fibrogenic gene expression in ocular fibroblasts and is required for primary healing of the corneal stroma.
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46
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Li Z, Rana TM. A kinase inhibitor screen identifies small-molecule enhancers of reprogramming and iPS cell generation. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1085. [PMID: 23011139 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to form embryonic stem cell-like induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), but the process suffers from low efficiency and the underlying molecular mechanisms that control reprogramming remain poorly understood. Here we perform an inhibitor screen to identify kinases that enhance, or present a barrier to, reprogramming. In particular, inhibitors of p38, inositol trisphosphate 3-kinase, and Aurora A kinase potently enhance iPSC generation, and iPSCs derived from inhibitor-treated somatic cells are capable of reaching a fully reprogrammed state. Knockdown of target kinases by short interfering RNAs confirms that they function as barrier genes. We show that Aurora A kinase, which functions in centrosome activity and spindle assembly, is highly induced during reprogramming and inhibits Akt-mediated inactivation of GSK3β, resulting in compromised reprogramming efficiency. Together, our results not only identify new compounds that enhance iPSC generation but also shed new light on the function of Aurora A kinase in the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Li
- Program for RNA Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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47
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Fan HX, Li HX, Chen D, Gao ZX, Zheng JH. Changes in the expression of MMP2, MMP9, and ColIV in stromal cells in oral squamous tongue cell carcinoma: relationships and prognostic implications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2012; 31:90. [PMID: 23107277 PMCID: PMC3490717 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type IV collagen (ColIV) is the most important scaffold for the basement membrane (BM) proteins, and plays an important role in regulating and limiting tumour invasion and metastasis. METHODS Here, we observed the changes in morphology and distribution of type IV collagen (ColIV) in the basement membrane (BM) surrounding nests of carcinoma in 48 patients with oral tongue squamous cell (OTSCC). We examined the correlation between the expressions of ColIV, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the prognosis of OTSCC patients. The intensity and patterns of expression were assessed immunohistochemically using anti-human mouse monoclonal MMP-2, MMP-9 and Col IV antibodies. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the prognostic correlations of ColIV, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels. RESULTS MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions in OTSCC were higher than those in normal oral mucosa and dysplastic oral mucosa group(MMP-2 iOD: 66.40 ± 24.20, 134.69 ± 37.08, and 357.79 ± 116.78; MMP-9 iOD: 88.05 ± 23.85, 307.13 ± 93.22, and 791.31 ± 260.52; in normal, dysplastic oral mucosa, and tumour tissues, respectively, P < 0.01); however, ColIV immunoreactivity was lower (ColIV iOD: 406.87 ± 62.95, 247.83 ± 42.30, and 151.92 ± 38.17 in normal, dysplastic oral mucosa, and tumour tissues, respectively, P < 0.01). High tumour and stromal MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was significantly associated with positive lymph node status. Col IV expression was associated with positive lymph node status (P < 0.05), and have negatively correlated with the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with high tumour and stromal MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, and tended to be shorter in patients with low ColIV expression. CONCLUSIONS Degradation of ColIV was closely related to increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression; MMP-9 have more important function than MMP-2 during the cancer development. Monitoring changes in the expression of ColIV, MMP-2, and MMP-9 may be a useful technique for assessing prognoses in OTSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Horiguchi M, Ota M, Rifkin DB. Matrix control of transforming growth factor-β function. J Biochem 2012; 152:321-9. [PMID: 22923731 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has multiple effects in both physiological and pathological conditions. TGF-β is secreted as part of a tripartite complex from which it must be released in order to bind to its receptor. Sequestration of latent TGF-β in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for proper mobilization of the latent cytokine and its activation. However, contrary to expectation, loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding certain matrix proteins that bind TGF-β yield elevated, rather than decreased, TGF-β levels, posing a 'TGF-β paradox.' In this review, we discuss recent findings concerning the relationship of TGF-β, ECM molecules, and latent TGF-β activation and propose a model to resolve the 'TGF-β paradox.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Horiguchi
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Allen JL, Cooke ME, Alliston T. ECM stiffness primes the TGFβ pathway to promote chondrocyte differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3731-42. [PMID: 22833566 PMCID: PMC3442419 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-03-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ECM stiffness enhances chondrocyte differentiation by priming cells for a potent response to TGFβ. ECM stiffness modifies the TGFβ pathway at multiple levels, including stiffness-sensitive induction of TGFβ1 expression, Smad3 phosphorylation, and synergistic activation of chondrocyte differentiation, by combining TGFβ and an inductive ECM stiffness. Cells encounter physical cues such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness in a microenvironment replete with biochemical cues. However, the mechanisms by which cells integrate physical and biochemical cues to guide cellular decision making are not well defined. Here we investigate mechanisms by which chondrocytes generate an integrated response to ECM stiffness and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), a potent agonist of chondrocyte differentiation. Primary murine chondrocytes and ATDC5 cells grown on 0.5-MPa substrates deposit more proteoglycan and express more Sox9, Col2α1, and aggrecan mRNA relative to cells exposed to substrates of any other stiffness. The chondroinductive effect of this discrete stiffness, which falls within the range reported for articular cartilage, requires the stiffness-sensitive induction of TGFβ1. Smad3 phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity are specifically increased in cells grown on 0.5-MPa substrates. ECM stiffness also primes cells for a synergistic response, such that the combination of ECM stiffness and exogenous TGFβ induces chondrocyte gene expression more robustly than either cue alone through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase–dependent mechanism. In this way, the ECM stiffness primes the TGFβ pathway to efficiently promote chondrocyte differentiation. This work reveals novel mechanisms by which cells integrate physical and biochemical cues to exert a coordinated response to their unique cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Allen
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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