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Bouhamida E, Morciano G, Pedriali G, Ramaccini D, Tremoli E, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Patergnani S. The Complex Relationship between Hypoxia Signaling, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Insights from the Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11105. [PMID: 37446282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is among the most common causes of cardiovascular mortality in an aging population worldwide. The pathomechanisms of CAVS are such a complex and multifactorial process that researchers are still making progress to understand its physiopathology as well as the complex players involved in CAVS pathogenesis. Currently, there is no successful and effective treatment to prevent or slow down the disease. Surgical and transcatheter valve replacement represents the only option available for treating CAVS. Insufficient oxygen availability (hypoxia) has a critical role in the pathogenesis of almost all CVDs. This process is orchestrated by the hallmark transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF-1α), which plays a pivotal role in regulating various target hypoxic genes and metabolic adaptations. Recent studies have shown a great deal of interest in understanding the contribution of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of CAVS. However, it is deeply intertwined with other major contributors, including sustained inflammation and mitochondrial impairments, which are attributed primarily to CAVS. The present review aims to cover the latest understanding of the complex interplay effect of hypoxia signaling pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation in CAVS. We propose further hypotheses and interconnections on the complexity of these impacts in a perspective of better understanding the pathophysiology. These interplays will be examined considering recent studies that shall help us better dissect the molecular mechanism to enable the design and development of potential future therapeutic approaches that can prevent or slow down CAVS processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaa Bouhamida
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Daniela Ramaccini
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Shi J, Sha R, Yang X. Role of the human solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene in hypoxia-induced renal cell carcinoma occurrence and its enlightenment to cancer nursing. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:10. [PMID: 36934247 PMCID: PMC10024409 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is considered a critical contributor to renal cell carcinoma progression, including invasion and metastasis. However, the potential mechanisms by which it promotes invasion and metastasis have not yet been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of hypoxia-induced renal cell carcinoma and provide evidence-based medical proof for improvements to postoperative nursing of renal cell carcinoma patients. A total of 64 patients with renal cell carcinoma were divided into the observation group (nursing based on oxygen administration) and the control group (conventional nursing). Renal function indexes, serum inflammatory factors, and tumor markers were evaluated. The human renal cell carcinoma cell line A498 under hypoxia/normoxia was used as an experimental model in vitro and the biological characteristics and mitochondrial function of the cells were assessed. RESULTS Nursing based on oxygen administration decreased the value of renal function indexes, serum inflammatory factors, and tumor markers in renal cell carcinoma patients. Hypoxia was found to induce A498 cell invasion, migration, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, while repressing human solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene expression. Elevated levels of solute carrier family 14 member 1 expression induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation, diminished the intracellular adenosine triphosphate level, and destroyed both mitochondrial membrane potential integrity and mitochondrial morphology. Overexpression of the solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene could abolish hypoxia-induced invasion, reduce the migration of A498 cells, inhibit the hypoxia-induced release of inflammatory cytokines, and arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that nursing based on oxygen administration can improve the clinical efficacy of renal cell carcinoma therapies, being safe and effective. The results elucidate a mechanism wherein the solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene participates in the occurrence and development of hypoxia-induced renal cell carcinoma in a mitochondria-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qinhuai District, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210012, China
| | - Ruili Sha
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qinhuai District, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210012, China
| | - Xilan Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qinhuai District, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210012, China.
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3
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Malagoli Tagliazucchi G, Wiecek AJ, Withnell E, Secrier M. Genomic and microenvironmental heterogeneity shaping epithelial-to-mesenchymal trajectories in cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:789. [PMID: 36774358 PMCID: PMC9922305 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key cellular process underlying cancer progression, with multiple intermediate states whose molecular hallmarks remain poorly characterised. To fill this gap, we present a method to robustly evaluate EMT transformation in individual tumours based on transcriptomic signals. We apply this approach to explore EMT trajectories in 7180 tumours of epithelial origin and identify three macro-states with prognostic and therapeutic value, attributable to epithelial, hybrid E/M and mesenchymal phenotypes. We show that the hybrid state is relatively stable and linked with increased aneuploidy. We further employ spatial transcriptomics and single cell datasets to explore the spatial heterogeneity of EMT transformation and distinct interaction patterns with cytotoxic, NK cells and fibroblasts in the tumour microenvironment. Additionally, we provide a catalogue of genomic events underlying distinct evolutionary constraints on EMT transformation. This study sheds light on the aetiology of distinct stages along the EMT trajectory, and highlights broader genomic and environmental hallmarks shaping the mesenchymal transformation of primary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna J Wiecek
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eloise Withnell
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria Secrier
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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4
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Li D, Yu H, Hu J, Li S, Yan Y, Li S, Sun L, Jiang G, Hou L, Zhang L, Zhang P. Comparative profiling of single-cell transcriptome reveals heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment between solid and acinar lung adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:423. [PMID: 36138435 PMCID: PMC9502652 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity of histologic composition reflects the inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) macroscopically. Insights into the oncological characteristics and tumor microenvironment (TME) of different histologic subtypes of LUAD at the single-cell level can help identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities and combinational approaches to improve the survival of LUAD patients. METHODS Through comparative profiling of cell communities defined by scRNA-seq data, we characterized the TME of LUAD samples of distinct histologic subtypes, with relevant results further confirmed in multiple bulk transcriptomic, proteomic datasets and an independent immunohistochemical validation cohort. RESULTS We find that the hypoxic and acidic situation is the worst in the TME of solid LUADs compared to other histologic subtypes. Besides, the tumor metabolic preferences vary across histologic subtypes and may correspondingly impinge on the metabolism and function of immune cells. Remarkably, tumor cells from solid LUADs upregulate energy and substance metabolic activities, particularly the folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and the key gene MTHFD2, which could serve as a potential therapeutic target. Additionally, ubiquitination modifications may also be involved in the progression of histologic patterns. Immunologically, solid LUADs are characterized by a predominance of exhausted T cells and immunosuppressive myeloid cells, where the hypoxic, acidified and nutrient-deprived TME has a non-negligible impact. Discrepancies in stromal cell function, evidenced by varying degrees of stromal remodeling and fibrosis, may also contribute to the specific immune phenotype of solid LUADs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our research proposes several potential entry points to improve the immunosuppressive TME of solid LUADs, thereby synergistically potentiating their immunotherapeutic efficacy, and may provide precise therapeutic strategies for LUAD patients of distinct histologic subtype constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianke Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huansha Yu
- Experimental Animal Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shaoling Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yilv Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shuangyi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liangdong Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Likun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Lele Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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5
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Tomc J, Debeljak N. Molecular Insights into the Oxygen-Sensing Pathway and Erythropoietin Expression Regulation in Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137074. [PMID: 34209205 PMCID: PMC8269393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is regulated by several factors, including the oxygen-sensing pathway as the main regulator of erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis in the kidney. The release of EPO from the kidney and its binding to the EPO receptor (EPOR) on erythrocyte progenitor cells in the bone marrow results in increased erythropoiesis. Any imbalance in these homeostatic mechanisms can lead to dysregulated erythropoiesis and hematological disorders. For example, mutations in genes encoding key players of oxygen-sensing pathway and regulation of EPO production (HIF-EPO pathway), namely VHL, EGLN, EPAS1 and EPO, are well known causative factors that contribute to the development of erythrocytosis. We aimed to investigate additional molecular mechanisms involved in the HIF-EPO pathway that correlate with erythropoiesis. To this end, we conducted an extensive literature search and used several in silico tools. We identified genes encoding transcription factors and proteins that control transcriptional activation or repression; genes encoding kinases, deacetylases, methyltransferases, conjugating enzymes, protein ligases, and proteases involved in post-translational modifications; and genes encoding nuclear transport receptors that regulate nuclear transport. All these genes may modulate the stability or activity of HIF2α and its partners in the HIF-EPO pathway, thus affecting EPO synthesis. The theoretical information we provide in this work can be a valuable tool for a better understanding of one of the most important regulatory pathways in the process of erythropoiesis. This knowledge is necessary to discover the causative factors that may contribute to the development of hematological diseases and improve current diagnostic and treatment solutions in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tomc
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Debeljak
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-543-7645
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6
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Langsten KL, Kim JH, Sarver AL, Dewhirst M, Modiano JF. Comparative Approach to the Temporo-Spatial Organization of the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1185. [PMID: 31788448 PMCID: PMC6854022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex ecosystem in which tumor cells reside and interact, termed the tumor microenvironment (TME), encompasses all cells and components associated with a neoplasm that are not transformed cells. Interactions between tumor cells and the TME are complex and fluid, with each facet coercing the other, largely, into promoting tumor progression. While the TME in humans is relatively well-described, a compilation and comparison of the TME in our canine counterparts has not yet been described. As is the case in humans, dog tumors exhibit greater heterogeneity than what is appreciated in laboratory animal models, although the current level of knowledge on similarities and differences in the TME between dogs and humans, and the practical implications of that information, require further investigation. This review summarizes some of the complexities of the human and mouse TME and interjects with what is known in the dog, relaying the information in the context of the temporo-spatial organization of the TME. To the authors' knowledge, the development of the TME over space and time has not been widely discussed, and a comprehensive review of the canine TME has not been done. The specific topics covered in this review include cellular invasion and interactions within the TME, metabolic derangements in the TME and vascular invasion, and the involvement of the TME in tumor spread and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall L Langsten
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mark Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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7
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Mennerich D, Kubaichuk K, Kietzmann T. DUBs, Hypoxia, and Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:632-653. [PMID: 31706510 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in protein ubiquitylation and hypoxia are commonly associated with cancer. Ubiquitylation is carried out by three sequentially acting ubiquitylating enzymes and can be opposed by deubiquitinases (DUBs), which have emerged as promising drug targets. Apart from protein localization and activity, ubiquitylation regulates degradation of proteins, among them hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Thereby, various E3 ubiquitin ligases and DUBs regulate HIF abundance. Conversely, several E3s and DUBs are regulated by hypoxia. While hypoxia is a powerful HIF regulator, less is known about hypoxia-regulated DUBs and their impact on HIFs. Here, we review current knowledge about the relationship of E3s, DUBs, and hypoxia signaling. We also discuss the reciprocal regulation of DUBs by hypoxia and use of DUB-specific drugs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Kateryna Kubaichuk
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland.
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8
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Griggio V, Vitale C, Todaro M, Riganti C, Kopecka J, Salvetti C, Bomben R, Bo MD, Magliulo D, Rossi D, Pozzato G, Bonello L, Marchetti M, Omedè P, Kodipad AA, Laurenti L, Del Poeta G, Mauro FR, Bernardi R, Zenz T, Gattei V, Gaidano G, Foà R, Massaia M, Boccadoro M, Coscia M. HIF-1α is over-expressed in leukemic cells from TP53-disrupted patients and is a promising therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 105:1042-1054. [PMID: 31289209 PMCID: PMC7109756 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.217430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) regulates the response of tumor cells to hypoxia and their protective interactions with the leukemic microenvironment. In this study, we demonstrate that CLL cells from TP53-disrupted (TP53dis) patients have constitutively higher expression levels of the α-subunit of HIF-1 (HIF-1α) and increased HIF-1 transcriptional activity compared to the wild-type counterpart. In the TP53dis subset, HIF-1α upregulation is due to reduced expression of the HIF-1α ubiquitin ligase von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL). Hypoxia and stromal cells further enhance HIF-1α accumulation, independently of TP53 status. Hypoxia acts through the downmodulation of pVHL and the activation of the PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERK1-2 pathways, whereas stromal cells induce an increased activity of the RAS/ERK1-2, RHOA/RHOA kinase and PI3K/AKT pathways, without affecting pVHL expression. Interestingly, we observed that higher levels of HIF-1A mRNA correlate with a lower susceptibility of leukemic cells to spontaneous apoptosis, and associate with the fludarabine resistance that mainly characterizes TP53dis tumor cells. The HIF-1α inhibitor BAY87-2243 exerts cytotoxic effects toward leukemic cells, regardless of the TP53 status, and has anti-tumor activity in Em-TCL1 mice. BAY87-2243 also overcomes the constitutive fludarabine resistance of TP53dis leukemic cells and elicits a strongly synergistic cytotoxic effect in combination with ibrutinib, thus providing preclinical evidence to stimulate further investigation into use as a potential new drug in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Griggio
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Todaro
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvetti
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bomben
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Daniela Magliulo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Maggiore General Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lisa Bonello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Monia Marchetti
- Hematology Day Service, Oncology SOC, Hospital Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy
| | - Paola Omedè
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ahad Ahmed Kodipad
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Poeta
- Division of Hematology, S. Eugenio Hospital and University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Mauro
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Robin Foà
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Boccadoro
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy .,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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9
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Esmerats JF, Villa-Roel N, Kumar S, Gu L, Salim MT, Ohh M, Taylor WR, Nerem RM, Yoganathan AP, Jo H. Disturbed Flow Increases UBE2C (Ubiquitin E2 Ligase C) via Loss of miR-483-3p, Inducing Aortic Valve Calcification by the pVHL (von Hippel-Lindau Protein) and HIF-1α (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α) Pathway in Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:467-481. [PMID: 30602302 PMCID: PMC6393167 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Calcific aortic valve (AV) disease, characterized by AV sclerosis and calcification, is a major cause of death in the aging population; however, there are no effective medical therapies other than valve replacement. AV calcification preferentially occurs on the fibrosa side, exposed to disturbed flow (d-flow), whereas the ventricularis side exposed to predominantly stable flow remains protected by unclear mechanisms. Here, we tested the role of novel flow-sensitive UBE2C (ubiquitin E2 ligase C) and microRNA-483-3p (miR-483) in flow-dependent AV endothelial function and AV calcification. Approach and Results- Human AV endothelial cells and fresh porcine AV leaflets were exposed to stable flow or d-flow. We found that UBE2C was upregulated by d-flow in human AV endothelial cells in the miR-483-dependent manner. UBE2C mediated OS-induced endothelial inflammation and endothelial-mesenchymal transition by increasing the HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) level. UBE2C increased HIF-1α by ubiquitinating and degrading its upstream regulator pVHL (von Hippel-Lindau protein). These in vitro findings were corroborated by immunostaining studies using diseased human AV leaflets. In addition, we found that reduction of miR-483 by d-flow led to increased UBE2C expression in human AV endothelial cells. The miR-483 mimic protected against endothelial inflammation and endothelial-mesenchymal transition in human AV endothelial cells and calcification of porcine AV leaflets by downregulating UBE2C. Moreover, treatment with the HIF-1α inhibitor (PX478) significantly reduced porcine AV calcification in static and d-flow conditions. Conclusions- These results suggest that miR-483 and UBE2C and pVHL are novel flow-sensitive anti- and pro-calcific AV disease molecules, respectively, that regulate the HIF-1α pathway in AV. The miR-483 mimic and HIF-1α pathway inhibitors may serve as potential therapeutics of calcific AV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Fernandez Esmerats
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
| | - Lina Gu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
| | - Md Tausif Salim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Michael Ohh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA
| | - W. Robert Taylor
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University
| | - Robert M. Nerem
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology. Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ajit P. Yoganathan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University
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10
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Minervini G, Lopreiato R, Bortolotto R, Falconieri A, Sartori G, Tosatto SCE. Novel interactions of the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) tumor suppressor with the CDKN1 family of cell cycle inhibitors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46562. [PMID: 28425505 PMCID: PMC5397843 DOI: 10.1038/srep46562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor predisposes patients to develop different highly vascularized cancers. pVHL targets the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α) for degradation, modulating the activation of various genes involved in hypoxia response. Hypoxia plays a relevant role in regulating cell cycle progression, inducing growth arrest in cells exposed to prolonged oxygen deprivation. However, the exact molecular details driving this transition are far from understood. Here, we present novel interactions between pVHL and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family CDKN1 (p21, p27 and p57). Bioinformatics analysis, yeast two-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to predict, dissect and validate the interactions. We found that the CDKN1 proteins share a conserved region mimicking the HIF-1α motif responsible for pVHL binding. Intriguingly, a p27 site-specific mutation associated to cancer is shown to modulate this novel interaction. Our findings suggest a new connection between the pathways regulating hypoxia and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Minervini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lopreiato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Raissa Bortolotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Falconieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Geppo Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvio C E Tosatto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
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11
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Li NA, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhao E. Knockdown of hypoxia inducible factor-2α inhibits cell invasion via the downregulation of MMP-2 expression in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3743-3748. [PMID: 27313686 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are important regulatory molecules of the intracellular oxygen-signaling pathway. The role of HIF-1α has been confirmed in breast carcinoma; however, little is understood concerning the function of HIF-2α. The present study treated human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells with the HIF activator cobalt chloride, and transfected HIF-2α small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into MCF-7 cells to suppress HIF-2α expression. The siRNAs significantly reduced the levels of HIF-2α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in the treated MCF-7 cells. An invasion assay demonstrated that the siRNAs targeting HIF-2α inhibited the invasion potency of the cells. The present study concludes that loss of HIF-2α may be associated with a decreased risk for the progression of human breast cancer, due to the downregulation of the expression of MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Li
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Erchen Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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12
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Abstract
In this study, Kim et al. identified WD repeat and SOCS box-containing protein 1 (WSB1) as a novel regulator of pVHL through WSB1's E3 ligase activity. These findings provide important new insights into the understanding of misregulation of the pVHL–HIF pathway in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor pVHL is an E3 ligase that targets hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Mutation of VHL results in HIF up-regulation and contributes to processes related to tumor progression such as invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, very little is known with regard to post-transcriptional regulation of pVHL. Here we show that WD repeat and SOCS box-containing protein 1 (WSB1) is a negative regulator of pVHL through WSB1's E3 ligase activity. Mechanistically, WSB1 promotes pVHL ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby stabilizing HIF under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. As a consequence, WSB1 up-regulates the expression of HIF-1α’s target genes and promotes cancer invasion and metastasis through its effect on pVHL. Consistent with this, WSB1 protein level negatively correlates with pVHL level and metastasis-free survival in clinical samples. This work reveals a new mechanism of pVHL's regulation by which cancer acquires invasiveness and metastatic tendency.
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13
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Srivastava D, Chakrabarti O. Ubiquitin in regulation of spindle apparatus and its positioning: implications in development and disease. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:273-81. [PMID: 26110206 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data implicates ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, in regulating essential cellular events, one of them being mitosis. In this review we discuss how various E3 ligases modulate the cortical proteins such as dynein, LGN, NuMa, Gα, along with polymerization, stability, and integrity of spindles. These are responsible for regulating symmetric cell division. Some of the ubiquitin ligases regulating these proteins include PARK2, BRCA1/BARD1, MGRN1, SMURF2, and SIAH1; these play a pivotal role in the correct positioning of the spindle apparatus. A direct connection between developmental or various pathological disorders and the ubiquitination mediated cortical regulation is rather speculative, though deletions or mutations in them lead to developmental disorders and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Srivastava
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector-1, Block-AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector-1, Block-AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector-1, Block-AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector-1, Block-AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
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14
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RHOBTB3 promotes proteasomal degradation of HIFα through facilitating hydroxylation and suppresses the Warburg effect. Cell Res 2015. [PMID: 26215701 PMCID: PMC4559813 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are master regulators of adaptive responses to low oxygen, and their α-subunits are rapidly degraded through the ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal pathway after hydroxylation. Aberrant accumulation or activation of HIFs is closely linked to many types of cancer. However, how hydroxylation of HIFα and its delivery to the ubiquitination machinery are regulated remains unclear. Here we show that Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 3 (RHOBTB3) directly interacts with the hydroxylase PHD2 to promote HIFα hydroxylation. RHOBTB3 also directly interacts with the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, facilitating ubiquitination of HIFα. Remarkably, RHOBTB3 dimerizes with LIMD1, and constructs a RHOBTB3/LIMD1-PHD2-VHL-HIFα complex to effect the maximal degradation of HIFα. Hypoxia reduces the RHOBTB3-centered complex formation, resulting in an accumulation of HIFα. Importantly, the expression level of RHOBTB3 is greatly reduced in human renal carcinomas, and RHOBTB3 deficiency significantly elevates the Warburg effect and accelerates xenograft growth. Our work thus reveals that RHOBTB3 serves as a scaffold to organize a multi-subunit complex that promotes the hydroxylation, ubiquitination and degradation of HIFα.
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15
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Li S, Wang J, Wei Y, Liu Y, Ding X, Dong B, Xu Y, Wang Y. Critical role of TRPC6 in maintaining the stability of HIF-1α in glioma cells under hypoxia. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3317-29. [PMID: 26187851 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcriptional factor responsible for the expression of a broad range of genes that facilitate acclimatization to hypoxia. Its stability is predominantly controlled by rapid hydroxylation of two prolines on its α subunit. However, how the rapid hydroxylation of HIF-1α is regulated is not fully understood. Here, we report that transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 6 channels control hydroxylation and stability of HIF-1α in human glioma cells under hypoxia. TRPC6 was rapidly activated by IGF-1R-PLCγ-IP3R pathway in hypoxia. Inhibition of TRPC6 enhanced the levels of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and promoted hydroxylation of HIF-1α to suppress HIF-1α accumulation without affecting its transcription or translation. Dimethyloxalylglycine N-(methoxyoxoacetyl)-glycine methyl ester (DMOG), an analog of α-KG, reversed the inhibition of HIF-1α accumulation. Moreover, TRPC6 regulated GLUT1 expression depending on HIF-1α accumulation to affect glucose uptake in hypoxia. Our results suggest that TRPC6 regulates metabolism to affect HIF-1α stability and consequent glucose metabolism in human glioma cells under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xia Ding
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yizheng Wang
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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16
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Abstract
pVHL is a downstream target of E2F1, which harbours an E2F1-binding site in its promoter. Moreover, pVHL binds to E2F1 in vitro and in vivo, resulting in inhibition of E2F1 transcriptional activity.
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17
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Gambogic acid inhibits angiogenesis through inhibiting PHD2–VHL–HIF-1α pathway. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:220-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase MULE (Mcl-1 Ubiquitin Ligases E3) targets myeloid cell leukemia factor 1 (Mcl-1) and tumor suppressor p53 for proteasomal degradation. Although Mcl-1 and p53 have been implicated in trophoblast cell death in preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), the mechanisms regulating their expression in the human placenta remains elusive. Herein, we investigated MULE's involvement in regulating Mcl-1 and p53 degradation during normal and abnormal (PE, IUGR) placental development. MULE expression peaked at 5–7 weeks of gestation, when oxygen tension is low and inversely correlated with that of Mcl-1 and p53. MULE efficiently bound to Mcl-1 and p53 and regulated their ubiquitination during placental development. Exposure of first trimester villous explants to 3% O2 resulted in elevated MULE expression compared with 20% O2. Low-oxygen-induced MULE expression in JEG3 choriocarcinoma cells was abolished by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α siRNA. MULE was overexpressed in both PE and IUGR placentae. In PE, MULE preferentially targeted p53 for degradation, allowing accumulation of pro-apoptotic Mcl-1 isoforms. In IUGR, however, MULE targeted pro-survival Mcl-1, allowing p53 to accumulate and exert its apoptotic function. These data demonstrate that oxygen regulates Mcl-1 and p53 stability during placentation via HIF-1-controlled MULE expression. The different preferential targets of MULE in PE and IUGR placentae classify early-onset PE and IUGR as distinct molecular pathologies.
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19
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Ho JJD, Man HSJ, Marsden PA. Nitric oxide signaling in hypoxia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:217-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Lichner Z, Mejia-Guerrero S, Ignacak M, Krizova A, Bao TT, Girgis AHF, Youssef YM, Yousef GM. Pleiotropic action of renal cell carcinoma-dysregulated miRNAs on hypoxia-related signaling pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1675-87. [PMID: 22326755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene is lost in ≈ 70% of all renal cell carcinomas (RCCs); however, increasing evidence supports the involvement of alternative mechanisms in the regulation of VHL expression, including suppression by microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression through binding to target mRNAs. In this study, we found that miRNAs, which are dysregulated in cases of RCC, can target multiple members of RCC-related signaling pathways. Importantly, both VHL and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α gene are experimentally validated and are likely direct targets of miR-17-5p and miR-224, as shown by both luciferase assay and Western blot analysis. We found a negative correlation between miR-17-5p and its two predicted targets, VEGF-A and EGLN3, and between miR-224 and its targets SMAD4 and SMAD5 in RCC specimens, suggesting that downstream signaling pathways are also modulated by clear cell RCC-dysregulated miRs. Results from our bioinformatics analysis show that a single miRNA molecule can target multiple components of the same pathway and that multiple miRNAs can target the same molecule. Our results also indicate that miRNAs represent a mechanism for the inactivation of VHL in cases of RCC and can elucidate a new dimension in cancer pathogenesis. As such, miRNAs exemplify new potential therapeutic targets with a significant effect on both tumor growth and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Lichner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Kaida A, Miura M. Visualizing the effect of hypoxia on fluorescence kinetics in living HeLa cells using the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci). Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:288-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22
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Foxler DE, Bridge KS, James V, Webb TM, Mee M, Wong SCK, Feng Y, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Petursdottir TE, Bjornsson J, Ingvarsson S, Ratcliffe PJ, Longmore GD, Sharp TV. The LIMD1 protein bridges an association between the prolyl hydroxylases and VHL to repress HIF-1 activity. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:201-8. [PMID: 22286099 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are three prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1, 2 and 3) that regulate the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the master transcriptional regulators that respond to changes in intracellular O(2) tension. In high O(2) tension (normoxia) the PHDs hydroxylate two conserved proline residues on HIF-1α, which leads to binding of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor, the recognition component of a ubiquitin-ligase complex, initiating HIF-1α ubiquitylation and degradation. However, it is not known whether PHDs and VHL act separately to exert their enzymatic activities on HIF-1α or as a multiprotein complex. Here we show that the tumour suppressor protein LIMD1 (LIM domain-containing protein) acts as a molecular scaffold, simultaneously binding the PHDs and VHL, thereby assembling a PHD-LIMD1-VHL protein complex and creating an enzymatic niche that enables efficient degradation of HIF-1α. Depletion of endogenous LIMD1 increases HIF-1α levels and transcriptional activity in both normoxia and hypoxia. Conversely, LIMD1 expression downregulates HIF-1 transcriptional activity in a manner depending on PHD and 26S proteasome activities. LIMD1 family member proteins Ajuba and WTIP also bind to VHL and PHDs 1 and 3, indicating that these LIM domain-containing proteins represent a previously unrecognized group of hypoxic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Foxler
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, NG7 2UH, UK
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23
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Xin H, Brown JA, Gong C, Fan H, Brewer G, Gnarra JR. Association of the von Hippel-Lindau protein with AUF1 and posttranscriptional regulation of VEGFA mRNA. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 10:108-20. [PMID: 22086907 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene product is the recognition component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase and is inactivated in patients with VHL disease and in most sporadic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (RCC). pVHL controls oxygen-responsive gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The VEGFA mRNA contains AU-rich elements (ARE) in the 3'-untranslated region, and mRNA stability or decay is determined through ARE-associated RNA-binding factors. We show here that levels of the ARE-binding factor, AUF1, are regulated by pVHL and by hypoxia. pVHL and AUF1 stably associate with each other in cells and AUF1 is a ubiquitylation target of pVHL. AUF1 and another RNA-binding protein, HuR, bind to VEGFA ARE RNA. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) immunoprecipitations showed that pVHL associates indirectly with VEGFA mRNA through AUF1 and/or HuR, and this complex is associated with VEGFA mRNA decay under normoxic conditions. Under hypoxic conditions pVHL is downregulated, whereas AUF1 and HuR binding to VEGF mRNA is maintained, and this complex is associated with stabilized mRNA. These studies suggest that AUF1 and HuR bind to VEGFA ARE RNA under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and that a pVHL-RNP complex determines VEGFA mRNA decay. These studies further implicate the ubiquitin-proteasome system in ARE-mediated RNA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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24
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Pascal LE, Ai J, Rigatti LH, Lipton AK, Xiao W, Gnarra JR, Wang Z. EAF2 loss enhances angiogenic effects of Von Hippel-Lindau heterozygosity on the murine liver and prostate. Angiogenesis 2011; 14:331-43. [PMID: 21638067 PMCID: PMC3155049 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-011-9217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease results from the inactivation of the VHL gene and is characterized by highly vascular tumors. A consequence of VHL loss is the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha subunits and increased expression of HIF target genes, which include pro-angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In mice, homozygous deletion of VHL is embryonic lethal due to vascular abnormalities in the placenta; and, VHL+/− mice develop proliferative vascular lesions in several major organs, most prominently the liver. Loss of ELL-associated factor (EAF2) in murine models has also been shown to induce increased vascular density in the liver as well as the prostate. Previously, EAF2 was determined to be a binding partner of VHL and loss of EAF2 induced a reduction in pVHL levels and an increase in hypoxia induced factor 1α (HIF1α) levels in vitro. Here we characterized the cooperative effects of VHL- and EAF2-deficiency on angiogenesis in the liver and prostate of male mice. VHL deficiency consistently increased the incidence of hepatic vascular lesions across three mouse strains. These vascular lesions where characterized by an increase in microvessel density, and staining intensity of VHL target proteins HIF1α and VEGF. EAF2−/−VHL+/− mice had increased incidence of proliferative hepatic vascular lesions (4/4) compared to VHL+/− (10/18) and EAF2−/− (0/5) mice. Prostates of EAF2−/−VHL+/− mice also displayed an increase in microvessel density, as well as stromal inflammation and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. These results suggest that cooperation of VHL and EAF2 may be critical for angiogenic regulation of the liver and prostate, and concurrent loss of these two tumor suppressors may result in a pro-angiogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15232, USA.
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