1
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Ge B, Yan K, Sang R, Wang W, Liu X, Yu M, Liu X, Qiu Q, Zhang X. Integrated network toxicology, molecular docking, and in vivo experiments to elucidate molecular mechanism of aflatoxin B1 hepatotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116278. [PMID: 38564860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Due to the rise in temperature and sea level caused by climate change, the detection rate of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in food crops has increased dramatically, and the frequency and severity of aflatoxicosis in humans and animals are also increasing. AFB1 has strong hepatotoxicity, causing severe liver damage and even cancer. However, the mechanism of AFB1 hepatotoxicity remains unclear. By integrating network toxicology, molecular docking and in vivo experiments, this research was designed to explore the potential hepatotoxicity mechanisms of AFB1. Thirty-three intersection targets for AFB1-induced liver damage were identified using online databases. PI3K/AKT1, MAPK, FOXO1 signaling pathways, and apoptosis were significantly enriched. In addition, the proteins of ALB, AKT1, PIK3CG, MAPK8, HSP90AA1, PPARA, MAPK1, EGFR, FOXO1, and IGF1 exhibited good affinity with AFB1. In vivo experiments, significant pathological changes occurred in the liver of mice. AFB1 induction increased the expression levels of EGFR, ERK, and FOXO1, and decreased the expression levsls of PI3K and AKT1. Moreover, AFB1 treatment caused an increase in Caspase3 expression, and a decrease in Bcl2/Bax ratio. By combining network toxicology with in vivo experiments, this study confirms for the first time that AFB1 promotes the FOXO1 signaling pathway by inactivating PI3K/AKT1 and activating EGFR/ERK signaling pathways, hence aggravating hepatocyte apoptosis. This research provides new strategies for studying the toxicity of environmental pollutants and new possible targets for the development of hepatoprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Ge
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Kexin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Rui Sang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Xinman Liu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Minghong Yu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China.
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2
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Li Y, Gao W, Yang Z, Hu Z, Li J. Multi-omics pan-cancer analyses identify MCM4 as a promising prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6517. [PMID: 38499612 PMCID: PMC10948783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 4 (MCM4) is a vital component of the mini-chromosome maintenance complex family, crucial for initiating the replication of eukaryotic genomes. Recently, there has been a growing interest in investigating the significance of MCM4 in different types of cancer. Despite the existing research on this topic, a comprehensive analysis of MCM4 across various cancer types has been lacking. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by presenting a thorough pan-cancer analysis of MCM4, shedding light on its functional implications and potential clinical applications. The study utilized multi-omics samples from various databases. Bioinformatic tools were employed to explore the expression profiles, genetic alterations, phosphorylation states, immune cell infiltration patterns, immune subtypes, functional enrichment, disease prognosis, as well as the diagnostic potential of MCM4 and its responsiveness to drugs in a range of cancers. Our research demonstrates that MCM4 is closely associated with the oncogenesis, prognosis and diagnosis of various tumors and proposes that MCM4 may function as a potential biomarker in pan-cancer, providing a deeper understanding of its potential role in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Li
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Gao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Hu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jincheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Chen F, Tang H, Cai X, Lin J, Xiang L, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. Targeting paraptosis in cancer: opportunities and challenges. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:349-363. [PMID: 38177306 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cell death can be classified into two primary categories: accidental cell death and regulated cell death (RCD). Within RCD, there are distinct apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death pathways. Among the various forms of non-apoptotic RCD, paraptosis stands out as a unique mechanism characterized by distinct morphological changes within cells. These alterations encompass cytoplasmic vacuolization, organelle swelling, notably in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and the absence of typical apoptotic features, such as cell shrinkage and DNA fragmentation. Biochemically, paraptosis distinguishes itself by its independence from caspases, which are conventionally associated with apoptotic death. This intriguing cell death pathway can be initiated by various cellular stressors, including oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and specific chemical compounds. Dysregulated paraptosis plays a pivotal role in several critical cancer-related processes, such as autophagic degradation, drug resistance, and angiogenesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of paraptosis. Additionally, it delves into the potential of paraptosis-related compounds for targeted cancer treatment, with the aim of enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing harm to healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Hu Tang
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Xiutao Cai
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Limin Xiang
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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4
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Adiguzel C, Karaboduk H, Apaydin FG, Kalender S, Kalender Y. Comparison of nickel oxide nano and microparticles toxicity in rat liver: molecular, biochemical, and histopathological study. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:741-750. [PMID: 37915490 PMCID: PMC10615818 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles distinguish it from classical nickel compounds, increasing its use in agriculture, industry, and many industrial areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible toxicity of nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles in the liver. For this purpose, Wistar rats were given nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles orally, intraperitoneally, and intravenously for 21 days. Liver organ weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S transferase), acetylcholinesterase activities, inflammation levels, apoptotic markers, and histopathological changes were evaluated comparatively. When the data obtained were examined in general, it was observed that nickel oxide nanoparticles caused more hepatotoxicity in liver tissue than nickel oxide in terms of oxidative stress parameters, apoptotic markers, inflammation indicators, and other parameters examined. The results suggest that toxicity induced by both nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles plays an important role in hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Adiguzel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - Hatice Karaboduk
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Gokce Apaydin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - Suna Kalender
- Faculty of Gazi Education, Department of Science, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Kalender
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
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5
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Gao W, Yuan Z, Zhao X, Wang S, Lai S, Ni K, Zhan Y, Liu Z, Liu L, Xin R, Yin X, Zhou X, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Li G, Wang W, Zhang C. The prognostic and clinical value of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis expression in solid tumours: a meta-analysis and TCGA data review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:811-819. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2125802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, 300121 Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanzhu Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- School of integrative medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Sizhen Lai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- School of integrative medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Kemin Ni
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Yixiang Zhan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, 300121 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoce Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Xin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Yin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Medical University, 300041 Tianjin, China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, 300121 Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghuai Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, 300121 Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoxun Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, 300121 Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, 300121 Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, 300121 Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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6
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Chen W, Zhang Q, Ding M, Yao J, Guo Y, Yan W, Yu S, Shen Q, Huang M, Zheng Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Lu L. Alcohol triggered bile acid disequilibrium by suppressing BSEP to sustain hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 356:109847. [PMID: 35149083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs), the most important components of bile, attribute predominately to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, the BAs homeostasis was seriously disturbed, especially in those patients with alcohol-intake history. However, whether alcohol consumption could promote HCC progression via influencing BAs homeostasis and the precise mechanism underlying are still unclear. In our study, by collecting HCC specimens from both alcohol-drinkers (n = 15) and non-alcohol drinkers (n = 22), we found that compared to non-alcohol intake HCC patients, BAs homeostasis was disturbed in HCC patients who drank alcohol. Furthermore, ethanol treatment was also found to promote HCC progression by markedly activating oncogenes (RAS, MYC, MET, and HER2), while remarkably suppressing tumor suppressor genes (BRCA2 and APC). We evaluated 14 key functional genes that maintain the homeostasis of BAs and found that either in alcohol-intake HCC patients (n = 15), or in ethanol-treated mice, BSEP, rate-limiting transporter governing excreting BAs from liver into bile duct, was remarkably decreased when exposed to alcohol. Moreover, by screening for changes in the epigenetic landscape of liver cancer cells exposed to alcohol, we strikingly found that histone methyltransferases (RBBP-5, Suv39h1, ASH2L, and SET7/9) were increased, and KMT3B, KMT4, and KMT7 gene expression was also elevated, while histone demethyltransferases (JARID1a, JARID1b, JARID1c) were decreased. In summary, we found that alcohol could trigger BAs disequilibrium to initiate and promote HCC progression. Our study provided a novel and supplementary mechanism to determine the important role of alcohol-intake in HCC development regarding from the perspective of BAs homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qisong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China
| | - Ming Ding
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yajuan Guo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Shaofang Yu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qinghong Shen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Min Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yaqiu Zheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yuefang Lin
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China.
| | - Linlin Lu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China.
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7
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Ferroptotic damage promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis through a TMEM173/STING-dependent DNA sensor pathway. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6339. [PMID: 33311482 PMCID: PMC7732843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a more recently recognized form of cell death that relies on iron-mediated oxidative damage. Here, we evaluate the impact of high-iron diets or depletion of Gpx4, an antioxidant enzyme reported as an important ferroptosis suppressor, in the pancreas of mice with cerulean- or L-arginine-induced pancreatitis, and in an oncogenic Kras murine model of spontaneous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We find that either high-iron diets or Gpx4 depletion promotes 8-OHG release and thus activates the TMEM173/STING-dependent DNA sensor pathway, which results in macrophage infiltration and activation during Kras-driven PDAC in mice. Consequently, the administration of liproxstatin-1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor), clophosome-mediated macrophage depletion, or pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the 8-OHG-TMEM173 pathway suppresses Kras-driven pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice. GPX4 is also a prognostic marker in patients with PDAC. These findings provide pathological and mechanistic insights into ferroptotic damage in PDAC tumorigenesis in mice.
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8
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Xiao Y, Gong Q, Wang W, Liu F, Kong Q, Pan F, Zhang X, Yu C, Hu S, Fan F, Li S, Liu Y. The combination of Biochanin A and SB590885 potentiates the inhibition of tumour progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:371. [PMID: 32774165 PMCID: PMC7405455 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most aggressive and frequently diagnosed malignancy of the liver. Despite aggressive therapy, life expectancy of many patients in these cases is extended by only a few months. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a particularly poor prognosis and would greatly benefit from more effective therapies. Methods The CCK-8 assay and colony formation assays were used to test the cell proliferation and viability. The effects of combination Biochanin A and SB590885 on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of HCC cells were analysed by flow cytometry. The expression of ERK MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling as well as apoptosis and cell cycle-related proteins in HCC cells were tested by western blotting. The HCC cell xenograft model was established to test the tumor proliferation. Serum and plasma were tested for liver and kidney safety markers (ALP, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea nitrogen) by using SpectraMax i3X. Results The combination of natural product Biochanin A with the BRAF inhibitor SB590885 synergistically suppressed proliferation, and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the combination of Biochanin A and SB590885 led to increased impairment of proliferation and HCC tumour inhibition through disrupting of the ERK MAPK and the PI3K/AKT pathways in vitro. The volumes tumors and the weights of tumours were significantly reduced by the combination treatment compared to the control or single treatments in vivo. In addition, we found that there was no significant hepatorenal toxicity with the drug combination, as indicated by the hepatorenal toxicity test. Conclusion The results identify an effective combination therapy for the most aggressive form of HCC and provide the possibility of therapeutic improvement for patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Fang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Qinghong Kong
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Feng Pan
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Changyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Good Clinical Practice Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Fang Fan
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
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9
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Sun HF, Yang XL, Zhao Y, Tian Q, Chen MT, Zhao YY, Jin W. Loss of TMEM126A promotes extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and breast cancer metastasis by regulating mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Cancer Lett 2019; 440-441:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Li R, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Chen X, Yu X, Ma J, Huang X. Cyclin B2 Overexpression in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Associated with Poor Prognosis. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:10-17. [PMID: 31101236 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cyclin B2 (CCNB2) has been reported to be highly expressed in a few malignancies. However, the biological function of CCNB2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of CCNB2 in HCC. METHODS The expression of CCNB2 in HCC and normal liver tissues and connection of its expression with prognosis and clinical parameters were studied. The effect of knocking down CCNB2 on cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were estimated in BEL-7404 cells. RESULTS Compared to normal liver tissues, the level of CCNB2 was higher in HCC tissues from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The 5 year overall survival and disease-free survival of HCC patients with high CCNB2 levels were shorter than that of those with low CCNB2 levels. Immunohistochemistry analysis also discovered the expression differences of CCNB2 in HCC and normal liver tissues and showed that CCNB2 expression was significantly associated with tumor number, tumor size, tumor thrombus, and alanine aminotransferase level. CCNB2 expression was higher in HCC cell lines (BEL-7404, Hep3B, BEL-7402, and SMMC-7721) than that in the normal hepatic cell line (HL-7702). Knockdown of CCNB2 inhibited cell proliferation and migration, promoted cell apoptosis, and caused S phase arrest in BEL-7404 cells. Finally, CCNB2 was associated with Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) in the GEPIA database and BEL-7404 cells. CONCLUSIONS CCNB2 may serve as a prognostic factor and participated in the development and progression and promote cell proliferation and migration through CCNB2/PLK1 pathway in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of gastroenterology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Department of gastroenterology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yingai Zhang
- Center Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Shunlan Wang
- Center Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xijie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiangnan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Ma
- Department of gastroenterology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of gastroenterology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China.
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11
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Costa SFS, Pereira NB, Pereira KMA, Campos K, de Castro WH, Diniz MG, Gomes CC, Gomez RS. DNA methylation pattern of apoptosis-related genes in ameloblastoma. Oral Dis 2017; 23:779-783. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- SFS Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - NB Pereira
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - KMA Pereira
- School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Sobral Brazil
| | - K Campos
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - WH de Castro
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - MG Diniz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - CC Gomes
- Department of Pathology; Biological Sciences Institute; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - RS Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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12
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Early growth response 3 inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via upregulation of Fas ligand. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:805-814. [PMID: 28098878 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy with aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) is a zinc finger transcription factor, and has been studied primarily in the context of neurodevelopment, autoimmunity, inflammation and angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that EGR3 is a novel suppressor gene of tumor initiation and progression in certain cancer events, but little work has been carried out in exploring the relationship between EGR3 and HCC growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of EGR3 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HCC, and determine the underlying mechanisms. Here, we observed that EGR3 expression was frequently downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of EGR3 contributed to cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in HCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) was significantly enhanced following upregulation of EGR3 in HCC cells, accompanied by an obvious increase of pro-apoptotic Bak and cell cycle inhibitor p21 expression. Based on nude mouse models, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of EGR3 markedly restricted tumor growth, and the expression of FasL was significantly increased in the xenograft tumor tissues which exhibited high EGR3 expression. We further established a co-transfection in HCC cells with EGR3 overexpression plasmid and FasL siRNA. We found that silencing of FasL gene impeded the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, as well as the increase of Bak and p21 expression, suggesting an essential role of FasL in EGR3-mediated growth suppression in HCC cells. Collectively, in conclusion, EGR3 contributes to cell growth inhibition via upregulation of FasL in HCC.
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13
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Kong L, Gao X, Zhu J, Cheng K, Tang M. Mechanisms involved in reproductive toxicity caused by nickel nanoparticle in female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1674-1683. [PMID: 27257140 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) are associated with reproductive toxicity. However, the mechanisms of reproductive toxicity are unclear. Our goal was to explore further reproductive toxicity induced by nickel nanoparticle and mechanisms involved in this process, including the role of oxidative stress and apoptosis. According to the one-generation reproductive toxicity standard, rats were exposed to nickel nanoparticles by gavage and we selected indicators including ultrastructural, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidant and antioxidant enzymes, and cell apoptosis-related factors. Ultrastructural results of ovaries showed mitochondrion swelling, disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, and enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum in the exposure groups. NiNPs had significantly decreased the activity of SOD and CAT, and had increased the levels of ROS, MDA, and NO in comparison with the control groups. The mRNA expressions of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 and the expressions of Fas, Cyt c, Bax, and Bid protein on the ovaries significantly increased. At the same time, the expressions of Bcl-2 protein were significantly decreased. Based on these results, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis may play the important roles in inducing reproductive toxicity after NiNPs treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1674-1683, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Keping Cheng
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Khoshtinat Nikkhoi S, Dorostkar R, Ranjbar S, Heydarzadeh H, Tat M, Ghalavand M, Farasat A, Hashemzadeh MS. Synergistic Effect of Expressed miR-128 and Puma Protein on Targeted Induction of Tumor Cell Apoptosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 14:185-191. [PMID: 28959335 PMCID: PMC5492246 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puma is a highly robust pro-apoptotic protein. The protein becomes activated by p53 ensuing beyond-repair DNA damage. Downregulation of SIRT 1, by miR-128, elevates activated p53 that foment Puma indirectly. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we used two-expression Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) system for co-expression of miR-128 and Puma in order to evaluate apoptotic response; both in the tumor and normal cells, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three recombinant AAVs constructs were generated. The First rAAV bearing Puma under the control of hTERT (p-AAV), the second construct designed such that to carry miR-128 downstream of CMV (mi-AAV), and the last construct comprises of the both CMV-miR-128 and hTERT- Puma. Real-Time PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate expression levels of the transduced genes. RESULTS MTT assay and DAPI staining shown suicidal effect of each recombinant AAV vectors. p-AAV cytotoxicity was recorded for 62% of the tumor cells, while for normal cells it was only 20% cytotoxic. The second construct, mi-AAV, was not as potent and selective as p-AAV. This construct was shown to be 27% and 16% cytotoxic for BT-474 and HEK-293 cells, respectively. Co-expression of Puma and miR-128 (p-mi-AAV) was accomplished with a selective cytotoxicity toward BT-474. This construct was 85% toxic for tumor cells, although it was only 25% toxic for the normal cell line (HEK-293). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we have shown that not only Puma is able to instigate apoptotic response but also its co-expression along with miR-128 could significantly enhance apoptosis in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Ranjbar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Heydarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Azad University of Shahrehe-Qods, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Tat
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majdedin Ghalavand
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Farasat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Khoshtinat Nikkhoi S, Heydarzadeh H, Ranjbar S, Salimi F, Aghaeifard M, Alavian SM, Reshadmanesh A. The Evaluation and Comparison of Transcriptionally Targeted Noxa and Puma Killer Genes to Initiate Apoptosis Under Cancer-Specific Promoter CXCR1 in Hepatocarcinoma Gene Therapy. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e38828. [PMID: 27882064 PMCID: PMC5111460 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.38828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancerous cells proliferate as fast as possible without a proper surveillance system. This rapid cell division leads to enormous mutation rates, which help a tumor establish. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the potential of inducing apoptosis using Noxa and Puma in a hepatocarcinoma cell line. METHODS The current study generated two recombinant lentiviruses, pLEX-GCN and pLEX-GCP, bearing Noxa and Puma, respectively. Transduction of both genes to hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) was verified using fluorescent microscopic analysis, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To evaluate the potential of Noxa and Puma to initiate apoptosis, a caspase-9 real-time, MTT assay, and a 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) reagent were performed to stain apoptotic cells. RESULTS The data verified successful transduction to HepG2 and HEK293T. Higher relative expression of Noxa and Puma rather than the untransduced cell line showed these genes are expressed more in HepG2 in comparison to HEK293T. The results of the real-time PCR, MTT assay, and DAPI reagent illustrated that higher cells initiated apoptosis following Puma transduction rather than Noxa. CONCLUSIONS In this approach, the suicide gene was transferred to transformed cells and ignited apoptosis to exterminate them. Puma is a more potent killer gene and has higher capabilities to start intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Khoshtinat Nikkhoi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hedieh Heydarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Azad university of Shahreh Qods, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Saeed Ranjbar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Masoud Aghaeifard
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Seyed Moayed Alavian, Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9121073195, E-mail:
| | - Azadeh Reshadmanesh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
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16
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Zi D, Zhou ZW, Yang YJ, Huang L, Zhou ZL, He SM, He ZX, Zhou SF. Danusertib Induces Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Autophagy but Inhibits Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27228-51. [PMID: 26580601 PMCID: PMC4661876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, with a poor prognosis for patients at advanced stage. Danusertib (Danu) is a pan-inhibitor of the Aurora kinases with unclear anticancer effect and underlying mechanisms in OC treatment. This study aimed to examine the cancer cell killing effect and explore the possible mechanisms with a focus on proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human OC cell lines C13 and A2780cp. The results showed that Danu remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and autophagy, and suppressed EMT in both cell lines. Danu arrested cells in G₂/M phase and led to an accumulation of polyploidy through the regulation of the expression key cell cycle modulators. Danu induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in dose and time-dependent manners. Danu suppressed PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, evident from the marked reduction in the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, contributing to the autophagy inducing effect of Danu in both cell lines. In addition, Danu inhibited EMT. In aggregate, Danu exerts potent inducing effect on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy, but exhibits a marked inhibitory effect on EMT. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway contributes, partially, to the cancer cell killing effect of Danu in C13 and A2780cp cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Zun-Lun Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Shu-Ming He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan 528415, China.
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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LEE HYUNSU, PARK JUNBEOM, LEE MYUNGSUN, CHA EUNYOUNG, KIM JIYEON, SUL JIYOUNG. Corosolic acid enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis against SNU-620 human gastric carcinoma cells by inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4782-4788. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Zhang P, Luo HS, Li M, Tan SY. Artesunate inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells by downregulating COX-2. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:845-54. [PMID: 25945055 PMCID: PMC4406257 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s81041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Artesunate, a derivative of artemisinin isolated from Artemisia annua L., has been traditionally used to treat malaria, and artesunate has demonstrated cytotoxic effects against a variety of cancer cells. However, there is little available information about the antitumor effects of artesunate on human gastric cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the antitumor effect of artesunate on human gastric cancer cells and whether its antitumor effect is associated with reduction in COX-2 expression. The effects of artesunate on the growth and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometric analysis of annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, rhodamine 123 staining, and Western blot analysis. Results indicate that artesunate exhibits antiproliferative effects and apoptosis-inducing activities. Artesunate markedly inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with a reduction in COX-2 expression. Treatment with the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib, or transient transfection of gastric cancer cells with COX-2 siRNA, also inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the treatment with artesunate promoted the expression of proapoptotic factor Bax and suppressed the expression of antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2. In addition, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were activated, and artesunate induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that the apoptosis is mediated by mitochondrial pathways. These results demonstrate that artesunate has an effect on anti-gastric cancer cells. One of the antitumor mechanisms of artesunate may be that its inhibition of COX-2 led to reduced proliferation and induction of apoptosis, connected with mitochondrial dysfunction. Artesunate might be a potential therapeutic agent for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Sheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yun Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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19
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Pseudolaric acid B exerts antitumor activity via suppression of the Akt signaling pathway in HeLa cervical cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2021-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Bi MR, Zhu LY, Yan BZ, Chen LY, Wang FX, Ma YJ, Yang BS. Association of Upregulated HMGB1 and c-IAP2 Proteins With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Progression. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e23552. [PMID: 25685165 PMCID: PMC4310020 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.23552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most important health problems in China. OBJECTIVES This study analyzed expression of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 (c-IAP2) proteins in HCC compared to paired para-tumor tissue samples to assess the association with HCC pathogenesis and progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-eight HCC and para-tumor tissue samples were collected for Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses of HMGB1 and c-IAP2. RESULTS HMGB1 and c-IAP2 proteins were highly expressed in HCC tissue samples [85.3% (58/68) and 82.4% (56/68), respectively] compared to para-tumor tissue samples [32.3% and 27.9%, respectively]. Furthermore, expression of HMGB1 was significantly associated with enhanced c-IAP2 expression in HCC tissue samples (r = 0.878, P < 0.01). Expression of HMGB1 was associated with tumor multiplicity and size, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and advanced TNM stage, while expression of c-IAP2 was associated with tumor size, AFP level and advanced TNM stage. CONCLUSIONS Expression of HMGB1 and c-IAP2 proteins was associated with HCC development and progression, and the expression of HMGB1 and c-IAP2 proteins in HCC were significantly associated with each other. Additionally, these proteins may show promise as biomarkers to predict HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ru Bi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Ying Zhu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Zhu Yan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Yan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fu Xiang Wang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Ji Ma
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Corresponding Authors: Ying Ji Ma, The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China. Tel: +86-45182576842, Fax: +86-45182576842, E-mail: ; Bao Shan Yang, The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China. Tel: +86-45186297509, Fax: +86-45186297509, E-mail:
| | - Bao Shan Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Corresponding Authors: Ying Ji Ma, The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China. Tel: +86-45182576842, Fax: +86-45182576842, E-mail: ; Bao Shan Yang, The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China. Tel: +86-45186297509, Fax: +86-45186297509, E-mail:
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LI MING, TAN SHIYUN, WANG XIAOFAN. Paeonol exerts an anticancer effect on human colorectal cancer cells through inhibition of PGE2 synthesis and COX-2 expression. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2845-53. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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22
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Singh L, Pushker N, Saini N, Sen S, Sharma A, Bakhshi S, Chawla B, Kashyap S. Expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in human retinoblastoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 43:259-67. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lata Singh
- Department of Ocular Pathology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Department of Ophthalmology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit; Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology; New Delhi India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Department of Ocular Microbiology; Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology; IRCH; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Bhavna Chawla
- Department of Ophthalmology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
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23
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Zhao L, Li Y, He M, Song Z, Lin S, Yu Z, Bai X, Wang E, Wei M. The Fanconi anemia pathway sensitizes to DNA alkylating agents by inducing JNK-p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:129-38. [PMID: 24789349 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia/BRCA (FA/BRCA) DNA damage repair pathway plays a pivotal role in the cellular response to DNA alkylating agents and greatly influences drug response in cancer treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the FA/BRCA pathway reversed resistance have received limited attention. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Fanconi anemia complementation group F protein (FANCF), a critical factor of the FA/BRCA pathway, on cancer cell apoptosis induced by DNA alkylating agents such as mitomycin c (MMC). We found that FANCF shRNA potentiated MMC-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. At a mechanistic level, FANCF shRNA downregulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and upregulated the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, accompanied by release of cyt-c and smac into the cytosol in MMC-treated cells. Furthermore, activation of caspase-3 and -9, other than caspase-8, cleavage of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP), and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) indicated that involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in FANCF silencing of MMC-treated breast cancer cells. A decrease in IAP family proteins XIAP and survivin were also observed following FANCF silencing in MMC-treated breast cancer cells. Notably, FANCF shRNA was able to increase p53 levels through activation of the JNK pathway in MMC-treated breast cancer cells. Furthermore, p53 inhibition using pifithrin-α abolished the induction of caspase-3 and PARP by FANCF shRNA and MMC, indicating that MMC-induced apoptosis is substantially enhanced by FANCF shRNA via p53-dependent mechanisms. To our knowledge, we provide new evidence for the potential application of FANCF as a chemosensitizer in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Hou W, Zhang Q, Yan Z, Chen R, Zeh Iii HJ, Kang R, Lotze MT, Tang D. Strange attractors: DAMPs and autophagy link tumor cell death and immunity. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e966. [PMID: 24336086 PMCID: PMC3877563 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to ‘apoptotic' cell death is one of the major hallmarks of cancer, contributing to tumor development and therapeutic resistance. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules released or exposed by dead, dying, injured, or stressed non-apoptotic cells, with multiple roles in inflammation and immunity. Release of DAMPs not only contributes to tumor growth and progression but also mediates skewing of antitumor immunity during so-called immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD). Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated homeostatic degradation process in which cells digest their own effete organelles and macromolecules to meet bioenergetic needs and enable protein synthesis. For tumor cells, autophagy is a double-edged sword. Autophagy, in balance with apoptosis, can function as a tumor suppressor; autophagy deficiency, associated with alterations in apoptosis, initiates tumorigenesis in many settings. In contrast, autophagy-related stress tolerance generally promotes cell survival, which enables tumor growth and promotes therapeutic resistance. Most anticancer therapies promote DAMP release and enhance autophagy. Autophagy not only regulates DAMP release and degradation, but also is triggered and regulated by DAMPs. This interplay between autophagy and DAMPs, serving as ‘strange attractors' in the dynamic system that emerges in cancer, regulates the effectiveness of antitumor treatment. This interplay also shapes the immune response to dying cells upon ICD, culling the least fit tumor cells and promoting survival of others. Thus, DAMPs and autophagy are suitable emergent targets for cancer therapy, considering their more nuanced role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hou
- Department of Surgery-DAMP Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, USA
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Surgery-DAMP Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, USA
| | - Z Yan
- 1] Department of Surgery-DAMP Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - R Chen
- 1] Department of Surgery-DAMP Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, USA [2] Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - H J Zeh Iii
- Department of Surgery-DAMP Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, USA
| | - R Kang
- Department of Surgery-DAMP Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, USA
| | - M T Lotze
- Department of Surgery-DAMP Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, USA
| | - D Tang
- Department of Surgery-DAMP Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, USA
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Lane DJR, Huang MLH, Ting S, Sivagurunathan S, Richardson DR. Biochemistry of cardiomyopathy in the mitochondrial disease Friedreich's ataxia. Biochem J 2013; 453:321-36. [PMID: 23849057 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
FRDA (Friedreich's ataxia) is a debilitating mitochondrial disorder leading to neural and cardiac degeneration, which is caused by a mutation in the frataxin gene that leads to decreased frataxin expression. The most common cause of death in FRDA patients is heart failure, although it is not known how the deficiency in frataxin potentiates the observed cardiomyopathy. The major proposed biochemical mechanisms for disease pathogenesis and the origins of heart failure in FRDA involve metabolic perturbations caused by decreased frataxin expression. Additionally, recent data suggest that low frataxin expression in heart muscle of conditional frataxin knockout mice activates an integrated stress response that contributes to and/or exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy and the loss of cardiomyocytes. The elucidation of these potential mechanisms will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of FRDA, and will contribute to the development of better treatments and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building, D06, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Schleich K, Lavrik IN. Mathematical modeling of apoptosis. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:44. [PMID: 23803157 PMCID: PMC3699383 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, which is fundamental to all multicellular organisms. Deregulation of apoptosis leads to a number of severe diseases including cancer. Apoptosis is initiated either by extrinsic signals via stimulation of receptors at the cellular surface or intrinsic signals, such as DNA damage or growth factor withdrawal. Apoptosis has been extensively studied using systems biology which substantially contributed to the understanding of this death signaling network. This review gives an overview of mathematical models of apoptosis and the potential of systems biology to contribute to the development of novel therapies for cancer or other apoptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolja Schleich
- Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Department of Translational Inflammation, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Zhang Q, Kang R, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. DAMPs and autophagy: cellular adaptation to injury and unscheduled cell death. Autophagy 2013; 9:451-8. [PMID: 23388380 DOI: 10.4161/auto.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated catabolic process involving the degradation of intracellular contents (e.g., proteins and organelles) as well as invading microbes (e.g., parasites, bacteria and viruses). Multiple forms of cellular stress can stimulate this pathway, including nutritional imbalances, oxygen deprivation, immunological response, genetic defects, chromosomal anomalies and cytotoxic stress. Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) are released by stressed cells undergoing autophagy or injury, and act as endogenous danger signals to regulate the subsequent inflammatory and immune response. A complex relationship exists between DAMPs and autophagy in cellular adaption to injury and unscheduled cell death. Since both autophagy and DAMPs are important for pathogenesis of human disease, it is crucial to understand how they interplay to sustain homeostasis in stressful or dangerous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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28
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Lotze MT, Robinson BW, June CH, Whiteside TL. Tumor immunotherapy. Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7234-3691-1.00091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fan J, Ou YW, Wu CY, Yu CJ, Song YM, Zhan QM. Migfilin sensitizes cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human glioma cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:1301-10. [PMID: 22983390 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Filamin binding LIM protein 1, also known as migfilin, is a skeleton organization protein that binds to mitogen-inducible gene 2 at cell-extracellular matrix adhesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of migfilin in cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human glioma cells, to determine the functional domains of migfilin, and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of cisplatin-related chemosensitivity. METHODS The human glioma cell lines Hs683, H4, and U-87 MG were transfected with pEGFP-C2-migfilin to elevate the expression level of migfilin. RNA interference was used to reduce the expression of migfilin. To determine the functional domains of migfilin, U-87 MG cells were transfected with plasmids of migfilin deletion mutants. After treatment with cisplatin (40 μmol/L) for 24 h, the cell viability was assessed using the MTS assay, and the cell apoptotic was examined using the DAPI staining assay and TUNEL analysis. Expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Overexpression of migfilin significantly enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in Hs683, H4, and U-87 MG cells, whereas downregulation of migfilin expression inhibited the chemosensitivity of these cell lines. The N-terminal region of migfilin alone was able to enhance the cisplatin-induced apoptosis. However, despite the existence of the N-terminal region, mutants of migfilin with any one of three LIM domains deleted led to a function loss. Furthermore, apoptotic proteins (PARP and caspase-3) and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL were modulated by the expression level of migfilin in combination with cisplatin. CONCLUSION The LIM1-3 domains of migfilin play a key role in sensitizing glioma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis through regulation of apoptosis-related proteins.
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30
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Ferris RL, Lotze MT, Leong SPL, Hoon DSB, Morton DL. Lymphatics, lymph nodes and the immune system: barriers and gateways for cancer spread. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:729-36. [PMID: 22851005 PMCID: PMC3485421 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis to the regional lymph node is the most important prognostic indicator for the outcomes of patients with sold cancer. In general, it is well recognized that cancer development is genetically determined with progression from the microenvironment of the primary tumor site, oftentimes via the SLN gateway, to the distant sites. In about 20 % of the time, the cancer cells may spread directly through the blood vascular system to the distant sites. Thus, in general, cancer progression is consistent with Hellman's spectrum theory in that development of nodal and systemic metastasis from a localized cancer growth is a progressive process. Cancer proliferation within the tumor microenvironment may give rise to increased tumor heterogeneity, which is further complicated by its continuous change through its evolution within the host in a Darwinian sense. It is crucial to understand the molecular process of lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment with respect to the initial steps of cancer cells entering into the lymphatic and vascular systems so that rational therapy can be developed to curb the process of specific routes of metastasis. This chapter elucidates the role of lymphatics, nodal metastasis and antitumor immunity. We present novel immune targets in nodal metastases, the importance of the lymph node as a pre-metastatic niche, and immune-related proteins as biomarkers of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Ferris
- Hillman Cancer Center Research, Pavilion 5117 Centre Avenue, Room 2.26b, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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31
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Li Y, Zhao L, Sun H, Yu J, Li N, Liang J, Wang Y, He M, Bai X, Yu Z, Zheng Z, Mi X, Wang E, Wei M. Gene silencing of FANCF potentiates the sensitivity to mitoxantrone through activation of JNK and p38 signal pathways in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44254. [PMID: 22952942 PMCID: PMC3429446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia complementation group-F (FANCF) is a key factor to maintain the function of FA/BRCA, a DNA-damage response pathway. However, the functional role of FANCF in breast cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects and mechanisms of FANCF-RNAi on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to mitoxantrone (MX). FANCF silencing by FANCF-shRNA blocked functions of FA/BRCA pathway through inhibition of FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T-47D. In addition, FANCF shRNA inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and chromosome fragmentation in both breast cancer cells. We also found that FANCF silencing potentiated the sensitivity to MX in breast cancer cells, accompanying with an increase in intracellular MX accumulation and a decrease in BCRP expression. Furthermore, we found that the blockade of FA/BRCA pathway by FANCF-RNAi activated p38 and JNK MAPK signal pathways in response to MX treatment. BCRP expression was restored by p38 inhibitor SB203580, but not by JNK inhibitor SP600125. FANCF silencing increased JNK and p38 mediated activation of p53 in MX-treated breast cancer cells, activated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Our findings indicate that FANCF shRNA potentiates the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to MX, suggesting that FANCF may be a potential target for therapeutic strategies for the treatment of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Haigang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyi Mi
- Institute of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Institute of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
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32
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Roles of p53 in various biological aspects of hematopoietic stem cells. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:903435. [PMID: 22778557 PMCID: PMC3388322 DOI: 10.1155/2012/903435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the capacity to self-renew as well as to differentiate into all blood cell types, and they can reconstitute hematopoiesis in recipients with bone marrow ablation. In addition, transplantation therapy using HSCs is widely performed for the treatment of various incurable diseases such as hematopoietic malignancies and congenital immunodeficiency disorders. For the safe and successful transplantation of HSCs, their genetic and epigenetic integrities need to be maintained properly. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms that respond to various cellular stresses in HSCs is important. The tumor suppressor protein, p53, has been shown to play critical roles in maintenance of “cell integrity” under stress conditions by controlling its target genes that regulate cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. In this paper, we summarize recent reports that describe various biological functions of HSCs and discuss the roles of p53 associated with them.
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33
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Yan W, Chang Y, Liang X, Cardinal JS, Huang H, Thorne SH, Monga SPS, Geller DA, Lotze MT, Tsung A. High-mobility group box 1 activates caspase-1 and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasiveness and metastases. Hepatology 2012; 55:1863-75. [PMID: 22234969 PMCID: PMC4610360 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypoxia is often found in solid tumors and is associated with tumor progression and poor clinical outcomes. The exact mechanisms related to hypoxia-induced invasion and metastasis remain unclear. We elucidated the mechanism by which the nuclear-damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), released under hypoxic stress, can induce an inflammatory response to promote invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Caspase-1 activation was found to occur in hypoxic HCC cells in a process that was dependent on the extracellular release of HMGB1 and subsequent activation of both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)-signaling pathways. Downstream from hypoxia-induced caspase-1 activation, cleavage and release of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and -18 occurred. We further demonstrate that overexpression of HMGB1 or treatment with recombinant HMGB1 enhanced the invasiveness of HCC cells, whereas stable knockdown of HMGB1 remarkably reduced HCC invasion. Moreover, in a murine model of HCC pulmonary metastasis, stable knockdown of HMGB1 suppressed HCC invasion and metastasis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that in hypoxic HCC cells, HMGB1 activates TLR4- and RAGE-signaling pathways to induce caspase-1 activation with the subsequent production of multiple inflammatory mediators, which, in turn, promote cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jon S. Cardinal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stephen H. Thorne
- Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - David A. Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Daugherity EK, Balmus G, Al Saei A, Moore ES, Abi Abdallah D, Rogers AB, Weiss RS, Maurer KJ. The DNA damage checkpoint protein ATM promotes hepatocellular apoptosis and fibrosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1918-28. [PMID: 22544329 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Steatoapoptosis is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is an important factor in liver disease progression. We hypothesized that increased reactive oxygen species resulting from excess dietary fat contribute to liver disease by causing DNA damage and apoptotic cell death, and tested this by investigating the effects of feeding mice high fat or standard diets for 8 weeks. High fat diet feeding resulted in increased hepatic H 2O 2, superoxide production, and expression of oxidative stress response genes, confirming that the high fat diet induced hepatic oxidative stress. High fat diet feeding also increased hepatic steatosis, hepatitis and DNA damage as exemplified by an increase in the percentage of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) positive hepatocytes in high fat diet fed mice. Consistent with reports that the DNA damage checkpoint kinase Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) is activated by oxidative stress, ATM phosphorylation was induced in the livers of wild type mice following high fat diet feeding. We therefore examined the effects of high fat diet feeding in Atm-deficient mice. The prevalence of apoptosis and expression of the pro-apoptotic factor PUMA were significantly reduced in Atm-deficient mice fed the high fat diet when compared with wild type controls. Furthermore, high fat diet fed Atm (-/-) mice had significantly less hepatic fibrosis than Atm (+/+) or Atm (+/-) mice fed the same diet. Together, these data demonstrate a prominent role for the ATM pathway in the response to hepatic fat accumulation and link ATM activation to fatty liver-induced steatoapoptosis and fibrosis, key features of NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Daugherity
- Center for Animal Resources and Education; Cornell University; Ithaca, NY, USA
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35
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The expression of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is permissive for early pancreatic neoplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:7031-6. [PMID: 22509024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113865109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an almost uniformly lethal disease, characterized by late diagnosis, early metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy, and early mutation of the Kras oncogene. Here we show that the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is required for the activation of interleukin 6 (IL-6)-mediated mitochondrial signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in pancreatic carcinogenesis. RAGE expression correlates with elevated levels of autophagy in pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro, and this heightened state of autophagy is required for IL-6-induced STAT3 activation. To further explore the intersection of RAGE, autophagy, and pancreatic carcinogenesis, we created a transgenic murine model, backcrossing RAGE-null mice to a spontaneous mouse model of pancreatic cancer, Pdx1-Cre:Kras(G12D/+) (KC). Targeted ablation of Rage in KC mice delayed neoplasia development, decreased levels of autophagy, and inhibited mitochondrial STAT3 activity and subsequent ATP production. Our results suggest a critical role for RAGE expression in the earliest stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis, potentially acting as the "autophagic switch," regulating mitochondrial STAT3 signaling.
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36
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Livesey KM, Kang R, Vernon P, Buchser W, Loughran P, Watkins SC, Zhang L, Manfredi JJ, Zeh HJ, Li L, Lotze MT, Tang D. p53/HMGB1 complexes regulate autophagy and apoptosis. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1996-2005. [PMID: 22345153 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The balance between apoptosis ("programmed cell death") and autophagy ("programmed cell survival") is important in tumor development and response to therapy. Here, we show that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and p53 form a complex that regulates the balance between tumor cell death and survival. We show that knockout of p53 in HCT116 cells increases expression of cytosolic HMGB1 and induces autophagy. Conversely, knockout of HMGB1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts increases p53 cytosolic localization and decreases autophagy. p53 is thus a negative regulator of the HMGB1/Beclin 1 complex, and HMGB1 promotes autophagy in the setting of diminished p53. HMGB1-mediated autophagy promotes tumor cell survival in the setting of p53-dependent processes. The HMGB1/p53 complex affects the cytoplasmic localization of the reciprocal binding partner, thereby regulating subsequent levels of autophagy and apoptosis. These insights provide a novel link between HMGB1 and p53 in the cross-regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in the setting of cell stress, providing insights into their reciprocal roles in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Livesey
- Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Thymoquinone inhibits growth and augments 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:864-8. [PMID: 22206670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), a component derived from the bioactive constituent of black seed (Nigella sativa), has been shown to exert biological activity on various types of human cancers. However, there are few studies addressing its effects on gastric cancer. Here, we present the first report describing the chemosensitizing effect of thymoquinone and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Studies have shown that pretreatment with TQ significantly increased the apoptotic effects induced by 5-FU in gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. Moreover, we found that TQ enhanced the 5-FU-induced killing of gastric cancer cells by mediating the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2, the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein bax, and the activation of both caspase-3 and caspase-9. In addition to the in vitro results, it has been shown that the combined treatment of TQ with 5-FU represents a significantly more effective antitumor agent than either agent alone in a xenograft tumor mouse model. These data suggest that the TQ/5-FU combined treatment induces apoptosis by enhancing the activation of both caspase-3 and caspase-9 in gastric cancer cells. These results, which provide molecular evidence both in vitro and in vivo, support our conclusion that thymoquinone can activate caspase-3 and caspase-9 and thus result in the chemosensitisation of gastric cancer cells to 5-FU-induced cell death.
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Nace G, Evankovich J, Eid R, Tsung A. Dendritic cells and damage-associated molecular patterns: endogenous danger signals linking innate and adaptive immunity. J Innate Immun 2011; 4:6-15. [PMID: 22086146 DOI: 10.1159/000334245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells critical in regulating the adaptive immune response. The role of DCs is dichotomous; they may both present antigens and the appropriate stimulatory molecules to initiate an adaptive immune response, or they may induce tolerance and release anti-inflammatory signals. The activation of immature DCs, required for the expression of the necessary costimulatory T cell molecules, is dependent on pattern recognition receptors. In addition to the pathogen-derived ligands of pattern recognition receptors, several damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have recently been shown to interact with DCs and dramatically affect their ultimate function. The complex interplay of DAMPs on DCs is clinically important, with implications for transplantation, tumor immunity, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and other conditions of sterile inflammation such as ischemia reperfusion injury. In this review, we will focus on the role of DAMPs in DC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Nace
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Tumor suppressors govern insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways: implications in metabolism and cancer. Oncogene 2011; 31:2703-14. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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