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Rout AK, Dehury B, Parida SN, Rout SS, Jena R, Kaushik N, Kaushik NK, Pradhan SK, Sahoo CR, Singh AK, Arya M, Behera BK. A review on structure-function mechanism and signaling pathway of serine/threonine protein PIM kinases as a therapeutic target. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132030. [PMID: 38704069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The proviral integration for the Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases, belonging to serine/threonine kinase family, have been found to be overexpressed in various types of cancers, such as prostate, breast, colon, endometrial, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. The three isoforms PIM kinases i.e., PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 share a high degree of sequence and structural similarity and phosphorylate substrates controlling tumorigenic phenotypes like proliferation and cell survival. Targeting short-lived PIM kinases presents an intriguing strategy as in vivo knock-down studies result in non-lethal phenotypes, indicating that clinical inhibition of PIM might have fewer adverse effects. The ATP binding site (hinge region) possesses distinctive attributes, which led to the development of novel small molecule scaffolds that target either one or all three PIM isoforms. Machine learning and structure-based approaches have been at the forefront of developing novel and effective chemical therapeutics against PIM in preclinical and clinical settings, and none have yet received approval for cancer treatment. The stability of PIM isoforms is maintained by PIM kinase activity, which leads to resistance against PIM inhibitors and chemotherapy; thus, to overcome such effects, PIM proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are now being developed that specifically degrade PIM proteins. In this review, we recapitulate an overview of the oncogenic functions of PIM kinases, their structure, function, and crucial signaling network in different types of cancer, and the potential of pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors. Further, our comprehensive review also provides valuable insights for developing novel antitumor drugs that specifically target PIM kinases in the future. In conclusion, we provide insights into the benefits of degrading PIM kinases as opposed to blocking their catalytic activity to address the oncogenic potential of PIM kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaya Kumar Rout
- Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi-284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Satya Narayan Parida
- Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi-284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushree Swati Rout
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore-756089, Odisha, India
| | - Rajkumar Jena
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore-756089, Odisha, India
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong si, South Korea
| | | | - Sukanta Kumar Pradhan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
| | - Chita Ranjan Sahoo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Singh
- Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi-284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Arya
- Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi-284003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi-284003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kim H, Jang B, Zhang C, Caldwell B, Park DJ, Kong SH, Lee HJ, Yang HK, Goldenring JR, Choi E. Targeting Stem Cells and Dysplastic Features With Dual MEK/ERK and STAT3 Suppression in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:117-131. [PMID: 37802423 PMCID: PMC10841458 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS & AIMS Precancerous metaplasia progression to dysplasia can increase the risk of gastric cancers. However, effective strategies to specifically target these precancerous lesions are currently lacking. To address this, we aimed to identify key signaling pathways that are upregulated during metaplasia progression and critical for stem cell survival and function in dysplasia. METHODS To assess the response to chemotherapeutic drugs, we used metaplastic and dysplastic organoids derived from Mist1-Kras mice and 20 human precancerous organoid lines established from patients with gastric cancer. Phospho-antibody array analysis and single-cell RNA-sequencing were performed to identify target cell populations and signaling pathways affected by pyrvinium, a putative anticancer drug. Pyrvinium was administered to Mist1-Kras mice to evaluate drug effectiveness in vivo. RESULTS Although pyrvinium treatment resulted in growth arrest in metaplastic organoids, it induced cell death in dysplastic organoids. Pyrvinium treatment significantly downregulated phosphorylation of ERK and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as STAT3-target genes. Single-cell RNA-sequencing data analyses revealed that pyrvinium specifically targeted CD133+/CD166+ stem cell populations, as well as proliferating cells in dysplastic organoids. Pyrvinium inhibited metaplasia progression and facilitated the restoration of normal oxyntic glands in Mist1-Kras mice. Furthermore, pyrvinium exhibited suppressive effects on the growth and survival of human organoids with dysplastic features, through simultaneous blocking of the MEK/ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Through its dual blockade of MEK/ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways, pyrvinium can effectively induce growth arrest in metaplasia and cell death in dysplasia. Therefore, our findings suggest that pyrvinium is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for reprogramming the precancerous milieu to prevent gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogun Jang
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Brianna Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Do-Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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3
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Mozas P, López C, Grau M, Nadeu F, Clot G, Valle S, Kulis M, Navarro A, Ramis-Zaldivar JE, González-Farré B, Rivas-Delgado A, Rivero A, Frigola G, Balagué O, Giné E, Delgado J, Villamor N, Matutes E, Magnano L, García-Sanz R, Huet S, Russell RB, Campo E, López-Guillermo A, Beà S. Genomic landscape of follicular lymphoma across a wide spectrum of clinical behaviors. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:631-643. [PMID: 36994552 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
While some follicular lymphoma (FL) patients do not require treatment or experience prolonged responses, others relapse early, and little is known about genetic alterations specific to patients with a particular clinical behavior. We selected 56 grade 1-3A FL patients according to their need of treatment or timing of relapse: never treated (n = 7), non-relapsed (19), late relapse (14), early relapse or POD24 (11), and primary refractory (5). We analyzed 56 diagnostic and 12 paired relapse lymphoid tissue biopsies and performed copy number alteration (CNA) analysis and next generation sequencing (NGS). We identified six focal driver losses (1p36.32, 6p21.32, 6q14.1, 6q23.3, 9p21.3, 10q23.33) and 1p36.33 copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH). By integrating CNA and NGS results, the most frequently altered genes/regions were KMT2D (79%), CREBBP (67%), TNFRSF14 (46%) and BCL2 (40%). Although we found that mutations in PIM1, FOXO1 and TMEM30A were associated with an adverse clinical behavior, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn, due to the small sample size. We identified common precursor cells harboring early oncogenic alterations of the KMT2D, CREBBP, TNFRSF14 and EP300 genes and 16p13.3-p13.2 CN-LOH. Finally, we established the functional consequences of mutations by means of protein modeling (CD79B, PLCG2, PIM1, MCL1 and IRF8). These data expand the knowledge on the genomics behind the heterogeneous FL population and, upon replication in larger cohorts, could contribute to risk stratification and the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mozas
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Grau
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillem Clot
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Valle
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Kulis
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Navarro
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Enric Ramis-Zaldivar
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca González-Farré
- Department of Pathology, Haematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Rivero
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Frigola
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Haematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Balagué
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Haematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Giné
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Delgado
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Villamor
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Haematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estella Matutes
- Department of Pathology, Haematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Magnano
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL) and Cancer Research Institute of Salamanca-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sarah Huet
- Team LIB, ISEM 1111 International Center for Research in Infectiology, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Pierre-Bénite, France
- France and Department of Biological Haematology, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Robert B Russell
- Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH) and Cell Networks, Bioquant, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elías Campo
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Haematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armando López-Guillermo
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Beà
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Haematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Weber LI, Hartl M. Strategies to target the cancer driver MYC in tumor cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1142111. [PMID: 36969025 PMCID: PMC10032378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1142111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The MYC oncoprotein functions as a master regulator of cellular transcription and executes non-transcriptional tasks relevant to DNA replication and cell cycle regulation, thereby interacting with multiple proteins. MYC is required for fundamental cellular processes triggering proliferation, growth, differentiation, or apoptosis and also represents a major cancer driver being aberrantly activated in most human tumors. Due to its non-enzymatic biochemical functions and largely unstructured surface, MYC has remained difficult for specific inhibitor compounds to directly address, and consequently, alternative approaches leading to indirect MYC inhibition have evolved. Nowadays, multiple organic compounds, nucleic acids, or peptides specifically interfering with MYC activities are in preclinical or early-stage clinical studies, but none of them have been approved so far for the pharmacological treatment of cancer patients. In addition, specific and efficient delivery technologies to deliver MYC-inhibiting agents into MYC-dependent tumor cells are just beginning to emerge. In this review, an overview of direct and indirect MYC-inhibiting agents and their modes of MYC inhibition is given. Furthermore, we summarize current possibilities to deliver appropriate drugs into cancer cells containing derailed MYC using viral vectors or appropriate nanoparticles. Finding the right formulation to target MYC-dependent cancers and to achieve a high intracellular concentration of compounds blocking or attenuating oncogenic MYC activities could be as important as the development of novel MYC-inhibiting principles.
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Roy S, Bhattacharya S. Chemical Information and Computational Modeling of Targeting Hybrid Nucleic Acid Structures of PIM1 Sequences by Synthetic Pyrrole-Imidazole Carboxamide Drugs. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6411-6422. [PMID: 35687766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA can adopt various distinct structural motifs, such as quadruplex, duplex, i-motifs, etc. which have multifarious applications in biomedical therapeutics. Quadruplex-duplex hybrids (QDHs) consist of the juxtaposed quadruplex and duplex motifs and are thermally stable and biologically relevant. Selective binding toward these secondary structures plays an important role in the evaluation of the structure-specific ligands. Herein, several small molecules containing anthraquinone conjugated oligopyrrole, oligoimidazole, and pyrrole-imidazole derivatives have been screened for the binding of the quadruplex-duplex nucleic acid hybrids formed in PIM1 sequences through docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The binding interaction of the anthraquinone polypyrrole ligands has also been checked by performing different biophysical experiments. PIM1, being a coactivator of the MYC oncogene, can be targeted by these small molecules to control MYC expression which is overexpressed in the majority of human cancer cells. Accordingly, these cancer cell-specific and blood-compatible anthraquinone conjugated oligopyrrole ligands can be employed for anticancer therapeutic applications. Thus, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the screened ligands manifested prudent structural information for designing PIM1 QDHs targeting small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Roy
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Markouli M, Strepkos D, Piperi C. Impact of Histone Modifications and Their Therapeutic Targeting in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13657. [PMID: 36362442 PMCID: PMC9654260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by complex pathogenetic mechanisms. The abnormal regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and specifically, histone modifications, has been demonstrated to play a central role in hematological cancer pathogenesis and progression. A variety of epigenetic enzymes that affect the state of histones have been detected as deregulated, being either over- or underexpressed, which induces changes in chromatin compaction and, subsequently, affects gene expression. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics have revealed novel therapeutic targets, with many epigenetic drugs being investigated in clinical trials. The present review focuses on the biological impact of histone modifications in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies, describing a wide range of therapeutic agents that have been discovered to target these alterations and are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (D.S.)
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UM171 cooperates with PIM1 inhibitors to restrict HSC expansion markers and suppress leukemia progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:448. [PMID: 36335089 PMCID: PMC9637110 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pyrimido-indole derivative UM171 promotes human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Expansion (HSCE), but its impact on leukemia is not known. Herein, we show in a mouse model of erythroleukemia that UM171 strongly suppresses leukemia progression. UM171 inhibits cell cycle progression and apoptosis of leukemic cells in culture. The effect of UM171 on leukemia differentiation was accompanied by increased expression of HSCE markers. RNAseq analysis combined with Q-RT-PCR and western blotting revealed that the PIM1 protein kinase is highly elevated in response to UM171 treatment. Moreover, docking analysis combined with immunoprecipitation assays revealed high binding affinity of UM171 to PIM1. Interestingly, pan-PIM kinase inhibitors counteracted the effect of UM171 on HSCE marker expression and PIM1 transcription, but not its suppression of leukemic cell growth. Moreover, combination treatment with UM171 and a pan-PIM inhibitor further suppressed leukemic cell proliferation compared to each drug alone. To uncover the mechanism of growth inhibition, we showed strong upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21CIP1 and the transcription factor KLF2 by UM171. In accordance, KLF2 knockdown attenuated growth inhibition by UM171. KLF2 upregulation by UM171 is also responsible for the activation of P21CIP1 in leukemic cells leading to a G1/S arrest and suppression of leukemogenesis. Thus, suppression of leukemic growth by UM171 through KLF2 and P21CIP1 is thwarted by PIM-mediated expansion of leukemic stemness, uncovering a novel therapeutic modality involving combined UM171 plus PIM inhibitors.
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8
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Lal Gupta P, Carlson HA. Cosolvent Simulations with Fragment-Bound Proteins Identify Hot Spots to Direct Lead Growth. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3829-3844. [PMID: 35533286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In drug design, chemical groups are sequentially added to improve a weak-binding fragment into a tight-binding lead molecule. Often, the direction to make these additions is unclear, and there are numerous chemical modifications to choose. Lead development can be guided by crystal structures of the fragment-bound protein, but this alone is unable to capture structural changes like closing or opening of the binding site and any side-chain movements. Accounting for adaptation of the site requires a dynamic approach. Here, we use molecular dynamics calculations of small organic solvents with protein-fragment pairs to reveal the nearest "hot spots". These close hot spots show the direction to make appropriate additions and suggest types of chemical modifications that could improve binding affinity. Mixed-solvent molecular dynamics (MixMD) is a cosolvent simulation technique that is well established for finding binding "hot spots" in active sites and allosteric sites of proteins. We simulated 20 fragment-bound and apo forms of key pharmaceutical targets to map out hot spots for potential lead space. Furthermore, we analyzed whether the presence of a fragment facilitates the probes' binding in the lead space, a type of binding cooperativity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first use of cosolvent MD conducted with bound inhibitors in the simulation. Our work provides a general framework to extract molecular features of binding sites to choose chemical groups for growing lead molecules. Of the 20 systems, 17 systems were well mapped by MixMD. For the three not-mapped systems, two had lead growth out into solution away from the protein, and the third had very small modifications which indicated no nearby hot spots. Therefore, our lack of mapping in three systems was appropriate given the experimental data (true-negative cases). The simulations are run for very short time scales, making this method tractable for use in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pancham Lal Gupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
| | - Heather A Carlson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
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Tinsley SL, Allen-Petersen BL. PP2A and cancer epigenetics: a therapeutic opportunity waiting to happen. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac002. [PMID: 35118387 PMCID: PMC8807117 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic state of chromatin is altered by regulators which influence gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. While several post-translational modifications contribute to chromatin accessibility and transcriptional programs, our understanding of the role that specific phosphorylation sites play is limited. In cancer, kinases and phosphatases are commonly deregulated resulting in increased oncogenic signaling and loss of epigenetic regulation. Aberrant epigenetic states are known to promote cellular plasticity and the development of therapeutic resistance in many cancer types, highlighting the importance of these mechanisms to cancer cell phenotypes. Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric holoenzyme that targets a diverse array of cellular proteins. The composition of the PP2A complex influences its cellular targets and activity. For this reason, PP2A can be tumor suppressive or oncogenic depending on cellular context. Understanding the nuances of PP2A regulation and its effect on epigenetic alterations can lead to new therapeutic avenues that afford more specificity and contribute to the growth of personalized medicine in the oncology field. In this review, we summarize the known PP2A-regulated substrates and potential phosphorylation sites that contribute to cancer cell epigenetics and possible strategies to therapeutically leverage this phosphatase to suppress tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Tinsley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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10
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The Second-Generation PIM Kinase Inhibitor TP-3654 Resensitizes ABCG2-Overexpressing Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells to Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179440. [PMID: 34502348 PMCID: PMC8431370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) mediates the transport of a wide variety of conventional cytotoxic anticancer drugs and molecular targeted agents. Consequently, the overexpression of ABCG2 in cancer cells is linked to the development of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. TP-3654 is an experimental second-generation inhibitor of PIM kinase that is currently under investigation in clinical trials to treat advanced solid tumors and myelofibrosis. In this study, we discovered that by attenuating the drug transport function of ABCG2, TP-3654 resensitizes ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to cytotoxic ABCG2 substrate drugs topotecan, SN-38 and mitoxantrone. Moreover, our results indicate that ABCG2 does not mediate resistance to TP-3654 and may not play a major role in the induction of resistance to TP-3654 in cancer patients. Taken together, our findings reveal that TP-3654 is a selective, potent modulator of ABCG2 drug efflux function that may offer an additional combination therapy option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers.
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11
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PIM Kinases in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174304. [PMID: 34503111 PMCID: PMC8428354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease and novel therapeutic agents/approaches are urgently needed. The PIM (Proviral insertion in murine malignancies) serine/threonine kinases have 3 isoforms: PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3. PIM kinases are engaged with an expansive scope of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, drug resistance, and immune response. An assortment of molecules and pathways that are critical to myeloma tumorigenesis has been recognized as the downstream targets of PIM kinases. The inhibition of PIM kinases has become an emerging scientific interest for the treatment of multiple myeloma and several PIM kinase inhibitors, such as SGI-1776, AZD1208, and PIM447 (formerly LGH447), have been developed and are under different phases of clinical trials. Current research has been focused on the development of a new generation of potent PIM kinase inhibitors with appropriate pharmacological profiles reasonable for human malignancy treatment. Combination therapy of PIM kinase inhibitors with chemotherapeutic appears to create an additive cytotoxic impact in cancer cells. Notwithstanding, the mechanisms by which PIM kinases modulate the immune microenvironment and synergize with the immunomodulatory agents such as lenalidomide have not been deliberately depicted. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the PIM kinase pathways and the current research status of the development of PIM kinase inhibitors for the treatment of MM. Additionally, the combinatorial effects of the PIM kinase inhibitors with other targeted agents and the promising strategies to exploit PIM as a therapeutic target in malignancy are highlighted.
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12
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Alsubaie M, Matou-Nasri S, Aljedai A, Alaskar A, Al-Eidi H, Albabtain SA, Aldilaijan KE, Alsayegh M, Alabdulkareem IB. In vitro assessment of the efficiency of the PIM-1 kinase pharmacological inhibitor as a potential treatment for Burkitt's lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:622. [PMID: 34267815 PMCID: PMC8258613 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma is an aggressive form of lymphoma affecting B lymphocytes. It occurs endemically in Africa and sporadically in the rest of the world. Due to the high proliferation rate of this tumor, intensive multi-drug treatment is required; however, the risk of tumor syndrome lysis is high. Overexpression of the proto-oncogene proviral integration of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM-1) kinase is associated with the development of hematological abnormalities, including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). PIM-1 primarily exerts anti-apoptotic activities through BAD phosphorylation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro efficiency of a PIM-1 kinase pharmacological inhibitor (PIM1-1) in BL. The impact of PIM1-1 was evaluated in terms of the viability and apoptosis status of the BL B cell lines, Raji and Daudi, compared with K562 leukemia cells, which highly express PIM-1. Cell viability and apoptotic status were assessed with western blotting, and PIM-1 gene expression was assessed with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. After 48 h of treatment, PIM1-1 inhibited the Daudi, Raji and K562 cell viability with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration corresponding to 10, 20 and 30 µM PIM1-1, respectively. A significant decrease of ERK phosphorylation was detected in PIM1-1-treated Daudi cells, confirming the antiproliferative effect. The addition of 10 µM PIM1-1 significantly decreased the PIM-1 protein and gene expression in Daudi cells. An inhibition of the pro-apoptotic BAD phosphorylation was observed in the Daudi cells treated with 0.1-1 µM PIM1-1 and 10 µM PIM1-1 decreased BAD phosphorylation in the Raji cells. The apoptotic status of both PIM1-1-treated cells lines were confirmed with the detection of cleaved capase-3. However, no change in cell viability and PIM-1 protein expression was observed in the 10 µM PIM1-1-treated K562 cells. In conclusion, the findings indicated that the PIM1-1 pharmacological inhibitor may have therapeutic potential in BL, but with lower efficiency in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alsubaie
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology and Serology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabine Matou-Nasri
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljedai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaskar
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Adult Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Oncology, King Abdullah Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al-Eidi
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Albabtain
- Research Department, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah E Aldilaijan
- Research Department, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alsayegh
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim B Alabdulkareem
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.,Research Department, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Eerola SK, Kohvakka A, Tammela TLJ, Koskinen PJ, Latonen L, Visakorpi T. Expression and ERG regulation of PIM kinases in prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3427-3436. [PMID: 33932111 PMCID: PMC8124112 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The three oncogenic PIM family kinases have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to examine the mRNA and protein expression levels of PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 in PCa and their associations with the MYC and ERG oncogenes. We utilized prostate tissue specimens of normal, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), untreated PCa, and castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. In addition, we analyzed data from publicly available mRNA expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐Seq) datasets. Our data demonstrated that PIM expression levels are significantly elevated in PCa compared to benign samples. Strikingly, the expression of both PIM1 and PIM2 was further increased in CRPC compared to PCa. We also demonstrated a significant association between upregulated PIM family members and both the ERG and MYC oncoproteins. Interestingly, ERG directly binds to the regulatory regions of all PIM genes and upregulates their expression. Furthermore, ERG suppression with siRNA reduced the expression of PIM in PCa cells. These results provide evidence for cooperation of PIM and the MYC and ERG oncoproteins in PCa development and progression and may help to stratify suitable patients for PIM‐targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini K Eerola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Kohvakka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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14
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Schneeweis C, Hassan Z, Schick M, Keller U, Schneider G. The SUMO pathway in pancreatic cancer: insights and inhibition. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:531-538. [PMID: 33071285 PMCID: PMC7851129 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An urgent medical need to develop novel treatment strategies for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exists. However, despite various efforts in the histopathological and molecular subtyping of PDAC, novel targeted or specific therapies have not been established. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) with ubiquitin-like proteins, including small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs), mediate numerous processes that can contribute to the fitness and survival of cancer cells. The contribution of SUMOylation to transcriptional control, DNA repair pathways, mitotic progression, and oncogenic signalling has been described. Here we review functions of the SUMO pathway in PDAC, with a special focus on its connection to an aggressive subtype of the disease characterised by high MYC activity, and discuss SUMOylation inhibitors under development for precise PDAC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schneeweis
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Zonera Hassan
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Markus Schick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Günter Schneider
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, München, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Karayel Ö, Xu P, Bludau I, Velan Bhoopalan S, Yao Y, Ana Rita FC, Santos A, Schulman BA, Alpi AF, Weiss MJ, Mann M. Integrative proteomics reveals principles of dynamic phosphosignaling networks in human erythropoiesis. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9813. [PMID: 33259127 PMCID: PMC7706838 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human erythropoiesis is an exquisitely controlled multistep developmental process, and its dysregulation leads to numerous human diseases. Transcriptome and epigenome studies provided insights into system-wide regulation, but we currently lack a global mechanistic view on the dynamics of proteome and post-translational regulation coordinating erythroid maturation. We established a mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics workflow to quantify and dynamically track 7,400 proteins and 27,000 phosphorylation sites of five distinct maturation stages of in vitro reconstituted erythropoiesis of CD34+ HSPCs. Our data reveal developmental regulation through drastic proteome remodeling across stages of erythroid maturation encompassing most protein classes. This includes various orchestrated changes in solute carriers indicating adjustments to altered metabolic requirements. To define the distinct proteome of each maturation stage, we developed a computational deconvolution approach which revealed stage-specific marker proteins. The dynamic phosphoproteomes combined with a kinome-targeted CRISPR/Cas9 screen uncovered coordinated networks of erythropoietic kinases and pinpointed downregulation of c-Kit/MAPK signaling axis as key driver of maturation. Our system-wide view establishes the functional dynamic of complex phosphosignaling networks and regulation through proteome remodeling in erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of HematologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Isabell Bludau
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | | | - Yu Yao
- Department of HematologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Freitas Colaco Ana Rita
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Alberto Santos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and SignalingMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Arno F Alpi
- Department of Molecular Machines and SignalingMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of HematologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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16
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Komar D, Juszczynski P. Rebelled epigenome: histone H3S10 phosphorylation and H3S10 kinases in cancer biology and therapy. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:147. [PMID: 33054831 PMCID: PMC7556946 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the discovery that more than half of human cancers harbor mutations in chromatin proteins, deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been recognized a hallmark of malignant transformation. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins, as main components of epigenetic regulatory machinery, are also broadly accepted as therapeutic target. Current “epigenetic” therapies target predominantly writers, erasers and readers of histone acetylation and (to a lesser extent) methylation, leaving other types of PTMs largely unexplored. One of them is the phosphorylation of serine 10 on histone H3 (H3S10ph). Main body H3S10ph is emerging as an important player in the initiation and propagation of cancer, as it facilitates cellular malignant transformation and participates in fundamental cellular functions. In normal cells this histone mark dictates the hierarchy of additional histone modifications involved in the formation of protein binding scaffolds, transcriptional regulation, blocking repressive epigenetic information and shielding gene regions from heterochromatin spreading. During cell division, this mark is essential for chromosome condensation and segregation. It is also involved in the function of specific DNA–RNA hybrids, called R-loops, which modulate transcription and facilitate chromosomal instability. Increase in H3S10ph is observed in numerous cancer types and its abundance has been associated with inferior prognosis. Many H3S10-kinases, including MSK1/2, PIM1, CDK8 and AURORA kinases, have been long considered targets in cancer therapy. However, since these proteins also participate in other critical processes, including signal transduction, apoptotic signaling, metabolic fitness and transcription, their chromatin functions are often neglected. Conclusions H3S10ph and enzymes responsible for deposition of this histone modification are important for chromatin activity and oncogenesis. Epigenetic-drugs targeting this axis of modifications, potentially in combination with conventional or targeted therapy, provide a promising angle in search for knowledge-driven therapeutic strategies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Komar
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Gandhi 14 Str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Gandhi 14 Str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Lin A, Giuliano CJ, Palladino A, John KM, Abramowicz C, Yuan ML, Sausville EL, Lukow DA, Liu L, Chait AR, Galluzzo ZC, Tucker C, Sheltzer JM. Off-target toxicity is a common mechanism of action of cancer drugs undergoing clinical trials. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/509/eaaw8412. [PMID: 31511426 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-seven percent of drug-indication pairs that are tested in clinical trials in oncology never advance to receive U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval. While lack of efficacy and dose-limiting toxicities are the most common causes of trial failure, the reason(s) why so many new drugs encounter these problems is not well understood. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, we investigated a set of cancer drugs and drug targets in various stages of clinical testing. We show that-contrary to previous reports obtained predominantly with RNA interference and small-molecule inhibitors-the proteins ostensibly targeted by these drugs are nonessential for cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, the efficacy of each drug that we tested was unaffected by the loss of its putative target, indicating that these compounds kill cells via off-target effects. By applying a genetic target-deconvolution strategy, we found that the mischaracterized anticancer agent OTS964 is actually a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK11 and that multiple cancer types are addicted to CDK11 expression. We suggest that stringent genetic validation of the mechanism of action of cancer drugs in the preclinical setting may decrease the number of therapies tested in human patients that fail to provide any clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Lin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Christopher J Giuliano
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ann Palladino
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Kristen M John
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Connor Abramowicz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head, NY 11545, USA
| | - Monet Lou Yuan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Syosset High School, Syosset, NY 11791, USA
| | - Erin L Sausville
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Devon A Lukow
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Luwei Liu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | | | - Clara Tucker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jason M Sheltzer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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18
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Panchal NK, Sabina EP. A serine/threonine protein PIM kinase as a biomarker of cancer and a target for anti-tumor therapy. Life Sci 2020; 255:117866. [PMID: 32479955 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The PIM Kinases belong to the family of a proto-oncogene that essentially phosphorylates the serine/threonine residues of the target proteins. They are primarily categorized into three types PIM-1, PIM-2, PIM-3 which plays an indispensable regulatory role in signal transduction cascades, by promoting cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance. These kinases are overexpressed in several solid as well as hematopoietic tumors which supports in vitro and in vivo malignant cell growth along with survival by regulating cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis. They lack regulatory domain which makes them constitutively active once transcribed. PIM kinases usually appear to be important downstream effectors of oncoproteins which overexpresses and helps in mediating drug resistance to available agents, such as rapamycin. Structural studies of PIM kinases revealed that they have unique hinge regions where two Proline resides and makes ATP binding unique, by offering a target for an increasing number of potent PIM kinase inhibitors. Preclinical studies of those inhibitory compounds in various cancers indicate that these novel agents show promising activity and some of them currently being under examination. In this review, we have outlined PIM kinases molecular mechanism and signaling pathways along with matriculation in various cancer and list of inhibitors often used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Kishan Panchal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - E P Sabina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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19
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Kim S, Kim W, Kim DH, Jang JH, Kim SJ, Park SA, Hahn H, Han BW, Na HK, Chun KS, Choi BY, Surh YJ. Resveratrol suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation and survival through inhibition of PIM-1 kinase activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108413. [PMID: 32473133 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) family of serine/threonine-specific kinases consist of three isoforms, that regulate proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Among these, abnormally elevated kinase activity of PIM-1 contributes to the progression of gastric cancer and predicts poor prognosis and a low survival rate in gastric cancer patients. In the present study, we found that resveratrol, one of the representative chemopreventive and anticarcinogenic phytochemicals, directly binds to PIM-1 and thereby inhibits its catalytic activity in human gastric cancer SNU-601 cells. This resulted in suppression of phosphorylation of the proapoptotic Bad, a known substrate of PIM-1. Resveratrol, by inactivating PIM-1, also inhibited anchorage-independent growth and proliferation of SNU-601 cells. To understand the molecular interaction between resveratrol and PIM-1, we conducted docking simulation and found that resveratrol directly binds to the PIM-1 at the ATP-binding pocket. In conclusion, the proapototic and anti-proliferative effects of resveratrol in gastric cancer cells are likely to be mediated through suppression of PIM-1 kinase activity, which may represent a novel mechanism underlying its chemopreventive and anticarcinogenic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Wonki Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Jang
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, South Korea
| | - Hyunggu Hahn
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Byung Woo Han
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, South Korea
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28674, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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20
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Luszczak S, Kumar C, Sathyadevan VK, Simpson BS, Gately KA, Whitaker HC, Heavey S. PIM kinase inhibition: co-targeted therapeutic approaches in prostate cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:7. [PMID: 32296034 PMCID: PMC6992635 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PIM kinases have been shown to play a role in prostate cancer development and progression, as well as in some of the hallmarks of cancer, especially proliferation and apoptosis. Their upregulation in prostate cancer has been correlated with decreased patient overall survival and therapy resistance. Initial efforts to inhibit PIM with monotherapies have been hampered by compensatory upregulation of other pathways and drug toxicity, and as such, it has been suggested that co-targeting PIM with other treatment approaches may permit lower doses and be a more viable option in the clinic. Here, we present the rationale and basis for co-targeting PIM with inhibitors of PI3K/mTOR/AKT, JAK/STAT, MYC, stemness, and RNA Polymerase I transcription, along with other therapies, including androgen deprivation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Such combined approaches could potentially be used as neoadjuvant therapies, limiting the development of resistance to treatments or sensitizing cells to other therapeutics. To determine which drugs should be combined with PIM inhibitors for each patient, it will be key to develop companion diagnostics that predict response to each co-targeted option, hopefully providing a personalized medicine pathway for subsets of prostate cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Luszczak
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Kumar
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Benjamin S Simpson
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kathy A Gately
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Dublin, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hayley C Whitaker
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Heavey
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK.
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Bahuguna A, Singh A, Kumar P, Dhasmana D, Krishnan V, Garg N. Bisindolemethane derivatives as highly potent anticancer agents: Synthesis, medicinal activity evaluation, cell-based compound discovery, and computational target predictions. Comput Biol Med 2020; 116:103574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Cho H, Yadav AK, Do Y, Heo M, Bishop-Bailey D, Lee J, Jang BC. Anti‑survival and pro‑apoptotic effects of meridianin C derivatives on MV4‑11 human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:368-378. [PMID: 31789392 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Meridianin C is a marine natural product with anticancer activity. Several meridianin C derivatives (compounds 7a‑j) were recently synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on pro‑viral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases, as well as their antiproliferative effects on human leukemia cells, were reported. However, the anti‑leukemic effects and mechanisms of action of meridianin C and its derivatives remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of meridianin C and its derivatives on MV4‑11 human acute myeloid leukemia cell growth. The parent compound meridianin C did not markedly affect the viability and survival of MV4‑11 cells. By contrast, MV4‑11 cell viability and survival were reduced by meridianin C derivatives, with compound 7a achieving the most prominent reduction. Compound 7a notably inhibited the expression and activity of PIM kinases, as evidenced by reduced B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated death promoter phosphorylation at Ser112. However, meridianin C also suppressed PIM kinase expression and activity, and the pan‑PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 only slightly suppressed the survival of MV4‑11 cells. Thus, the anti‑survival effect of compound 7a on MV4‑11 cells was unrelated to PIM kinase inhibition. Moreover, compound 7a induced apoptosis, caspase‑9 and ‑3 activation and poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, but did not affect death receptor (DR)‑4 or DR‑5 expression in MV4‑11 cells. Compound 7a also induced the generation of cleaved Bcl‑2, and the downregulation of myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl)‑1 and X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in MV4‑11 cells. Furthermore, compound 7a increased eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)‑2α phosphorylation and decreased S6 phosphorylation, whereas GRP‑78 expression was unaffected. Importantly, treatment with a pan‑caspase inhibitor (z‑VAD‑fmk) significantly attenuated compound 7a‑induced apoptosis, caspase‑9 and ‑3 activation, PARP cleavage, generation of cleaved Bcl‑2 and downregulation of Mcl‑1 and XIAP in MV4‑11 cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrated the strong anti‑survival and pro‑apoptotic effects of compound 7a on MV4‑11 cells through regulation of caspase‑9 and ‑3, Bcl‑2, Mcl‑1, XIAP, eIF‑2α and S6 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyorim Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Yadav
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngrok Do
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihwa Heo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - David Bishop-Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW 10TU, United Kingdom
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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Chen J, Tang G. PIM-1 kinase: a potential biomarker of triple-negative breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6267-6273. [PMID: 31496730 PMCID: PMC6690594 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s212752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis, and effective biomarkers for targeted diagnosis and treatment are lacking. The tumorigenicity of the provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM-1) gene has been studied for many years. However, its significance in breast cancer remains unclear. In this review we briefly summarized the physiological characteristics and regulation of PIM-1 kinase, and subsequently focused on the role of PIM-1 in tumors, especially breast cancer. Oncogene PIM-1 was found to be upregulated in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative breast cancer. Moreover, it is involved in tumorigenesis and the development of drug resistance, and linked to poor prognosis. A highly selective probe targeting PIM-1 for imaging has emerged, suggesting that PIM-1 may be a potential biomarker for the accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Liu C, Hu L. Cholesterol regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer by modulating miR-33a-PIM3 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:685-692. [PMID: 30827510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between colorectal cancer (CRC) and cholesterol has been confirmed for many years, but the mechanism was not very clear. miR-33a was important in cholesterol metabolism and was abnormally expressed in many tumors, thus our study hypothesized that cholesterol effect on CRC by regulating miR-33a and its target gene PIM3, and verify it by series of assay. From results of CCK8 and flow cytometry, we confirmed cholesterol can stimulate CRC cell proliferation, promote cell cycle progression and inhibit cell apoptosis. miR-33a and SREBP2 mRNA expression were inhibited by cholesterol, and when cells transfected with miR-33a mimics or inhibitor the effect of cholesterol appeared a significant difference than before. In addition, PIM3 showed up-regulation with cholesterol treatment, and it was proved to be the target gene of miR-33a by dual luciferase reporter assay, it modulated CRC cells proliferation and apoptosis by phosphorylating p27, p21 and Bad protein. Thus, it inferred that cholesterol can regulate CRC development by miR-33a-PIM3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chengxin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Likuan Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Discovery of novel triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-yl-quinoline derivatives as PIM inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:87-109. [PMID: 30802730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PIM kinase family (PIM-1, PIM-2 and PIM-3) is an appealing target for the discovery and development of selective inhibitors, useful in various disease conditions in which these proteins are highly expressed, such as cancer. The significant effort put, in the recent years, towards the development of small molecules exhibiting inhibitory activity against this protein family has ended up with several molecules entering clinical trials. As part of our ongoing exploration for potential drug candidates that exhibit affinity towards this protein family, we have generated a novel chemical series of triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine based tricycles by applying a scaffold hopping strategy over our previously reported potent pan-PIM inhibitor ETP-47453 (compound 2). The structure-activity relationship studies presented herein demonstrate a rather selective PIM-1/PIM-3 biochemical profile for this novel series of tricycles, although pan-PIM and PIM-1 inhibitors have also been identified. Selected examples show significant inhibition of the phosphorylation of BAD protein in a cell-based assay. Moreover, optimized and highly selective compounds, such as 42, did not show significant hERG inhibition at 20 μM concentration, and proved its antiproliferative activity and utility in combination with particular antitumoral agents in several tumor cell lines.
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26
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Serrano-Saenz S, Palacios C, Delgado-Bellido D, López-Jiménez L, Garcia-Diaz A, Soto-Serrano Y, Casal JI, Bartolomé RA, Fernández-Luna JL, López-Rivas A, Oliver FJ. PIM kinases mediate resistance of glioblastoma cells to TRAIL by a p62/SQSTM1-dependent mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30718520 PMCID: PMC6362213 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. GBM cells are frequently resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and finding new combinatorial therapies to sensitize glioma cells to TRAIL remains an important challenge. PIM kinases are serine/threonine kinases that promote cell survival and proliferation and are highly expressed in different tumors. In this work, we studied the role of PIM kinases as regulators of TRAIL sensitivity in GBM cells. Remarkably, PIM inhibition or knockdown facilitated activation by TRAIL of a TRAIL-R2/DR5-mediated and mitochondria-operated apoptotic pathway in TRAIL-resistant GBM cells. The sensitizing effect of PIM knockdown on TRAIL-induced apoptosis was mediated by enhanced caspase-8 recruitment to and activation at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Interestingly, TRAIL-induced internalization of TRAIL-R2/DR5 was significantly reduced in PIM knockdown cells. Phospho-proteome profiling revealed a decreased phosphorylation of p62/SQSTM1 after PIM knockdown. Our results also showed an interaction between p62/SQSTM1 and the DISC that was reverted after PIM knockdown. In line with this, p62/SQSTM1 ablation increased TRAIL-R2/DR5 levels and facilitated TRAIL-induced caspase-8 activation, revealing an inhibitory role of p62/SQSTM1 in TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in GBM. Conversely, upregulation of TRAIL-R2/DR5 upon PIM inhibition and apoptosis induced by the combination of PIM inhibitor and TRAIL were abrogated by a constitutively phosphorylated p62/SQSTM1S332E mutant. Globally, our data represent the first evidence that PIM kinases regulate TRAIL-induced apoptosis in GBM and identify a specific role of p62/SQSTM1Ser332 phosphorylation in the regulation of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway activated by TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Serrano-Saenz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, CIBERONC, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Palacios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERONC, Avda Américo Vespucio 24, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel Delgado-Bellido
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, CIBERONC, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura López-Jiménez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, CIBERONC, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Garcia-Diaz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, CIBERONC, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Soto-Serrano
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, CIBERONC, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28039, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén A Bartolomé
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28039, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Fernández-Luna
- HUMV-Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla Avenida Valdecilla, 25, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Abelardo López-Rivas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERONC, Avda Américo Vespucio 24, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - F Javier Oliver
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, CIBERONC, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Yadav AK, Kumar V, Bailey DB, Jang BC. AZD1208, a Pan-Pim Kinase Inhibitor, Has Anti-Growth Effect on 93T449 Human Liposarcoma Cells via Control of the Expression and Phosphorylation of Pim-3, mTOR, 4EBP-1, S6, STAT-3 and AMPK. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020363. [PMID: 30654529 PMCID: PMC6359068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Pim kinases has an oncogenic/pro-survival role in many hematological and solid cancers. AZD1208 is a pan-Pim kinase inhibitor that has anti-cancer and anti-adipogenic actions. Here, we investigated the effects of AZD1208 on the growth of 93T449 cells, a differentiated human liposarcoma cell line. At 20 µM, AZD1208 was cytotoxic (cytostatic) but not apoptotic, reducing cell survival without DNA fragmentation, caspase activation or increasing cells in the sub G1 phase; known apoptotic parameters. Notably, AZD1208 reduced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) in 93T449 cells. STAT-3 inhibition by AG490, a JAK2/STAT-3 inhibitor similarly reduced cell survival. AZD1208 down-regulated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal S6 while up-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α). In addition, AZD1208 induced a LKB-1-independent AMPK activation, which was crucial for its cytostatic effect, as knock-down of AMPK greatly blocked AZD1208s ability to reduce cell survival. AZD1208 had no effect on expression of two members of Pim kinase family (Pim-1 and Pim-3) but inhibited phosphorylation of 4EBP-1, a downstream effector of Pim kinases. Importantly, a central role for Pim-3 in the actions of AZD1208 was confirmed by knock-down, which not only reduced 93T449 cell survival but also led to the inhibition of 4EBP-1, mTOR, eIF-2α and STAT-3, along with the activation of AMPK. In summary, this is the first report demonstrating that AZD1208 inhibits growth of liposarcoma cells and that this activity is mediated through Pim-3 kinase, STAT-3, mTOR, S6 and AMPK expression and phosphorylation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Yadav
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - David Bishop Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
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28
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Wu Y, Deng Y, Zhu J, Duan Y, Weng W, Wu X. Pim1 promotes cell proliferation and regulates glycolysis via interaction with MYC in ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6647-6656. [PMID: 30349298 PMCID: PMC6186298 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s180520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death among women with gynecologic malignancies. Recent studies have highlighted the role of Pim1, which belongs to a group of constitutively activated serine/threonine kinases, in cancer development. However, the effect of Pim1 in OC is largely unclear. Methods OC cell lines with Pim1 overexpression or knockdown were constructed with len-tivirus transduction. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, glycolysis stress test and in vivo mice models were carried out to assess the effect of Pim1 on OC biological functions. Co-immunoprecipitation assay coupled with western blot were performed to explore the intrinsic mechanisms of Pim1 in OC. Bioinformatic analysis was then performed to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of Pim1. Results We present the first evidence that silencing or overexpressing Pim1 can suppress or promote, respectively, OC cell proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Pim1 can significantly enhance glycolysis in OC cells. In vivo experiments further confirmed that knockdown of Pim1 inhibits the growth of tumors derived from the SKOV3 cell line. To search for the underlying molecular mechanism, we examined the effect of Pim1 on MYC, a pivotal gene in glycolysis, and observed that Pim1-mediated phosphorylation of c-Myc activated the expression of glycolysis-associated key genes such as PGK1 and LDHA. Moreover, we found that the Pim1 inhibitor SMI4a induced chemosensitization to cisplatin. Clinically, Pim1 was also overexpressed in OC and correlated with poor overall survival by bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion Together, these results suggest that Pim1 contributes to proliferation and gly-colysis in OC via interaction with MYC and may serve as a potential target in the treatment of OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yachen Duan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - WeiWei Weng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
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29
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Ha YJ, Choi YS, Han DW, Kang EH, Yoo IS, Kim JH, Kang SW, Lee EY, Song YW, Lee YJ. PIM-1 kinase is a novel regulator of proinflammatory cytokine-mediated responses in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 58:154-164. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Han
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Seol Yoo
- Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Kang
- Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Santio NM, Koskinen PJ. PIM kinases: From survival factors to regulators of cell motility. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 93:74-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Rebello RJ, Huglo AV, Furic L. PIM activity in tumours: A key node of therapy resistance. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 67:163-169. [PMID: 29111105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The PIM kinases are proto-oncogenes which have been shown to facilitate cell survival and proliferation to drive malignancy and resistance post-therapy. They are able to suppress cell death signals, sustain PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway activity and regulate the MYC oncogenic program. Recent work has revealed PIM kinase essentiality for advanced tumour maintenance and described tumour sensitivity to small molecule inhibitors targeting PIM kinase in multiple malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Rebello
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Alisée V Huglo
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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32
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Mohareb RM, Al-Omran F, Ibrahim RA. The uses of cyclohexan-1,4-dione for the synthesis of thiophene derivatives as new anti-proliferative, prostate anticancer, c-Met and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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A functional SUMO-motif in the active site of PIM1 promotes its degradation via RNF4, and stimulates protein kinase activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3598. [PMID: 28620180 PMCID: PMC5472562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIM1 serine/threonine protein kinase mediates growth factor and survival signalling, and cooperates potently with c-MYC during tumorigenesis. PIM1 is overexpressed in many human cancers and is a promising target for drug development. PIM1 levels are regulated mainly through cytokine-induced transcription and protein degradation, but mechanisms regulating its activity and levels remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that PIM1 is modified in vitro and in cultured cells by the Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) on two independent sites: K169, within a consensus SUMOylation motif (IK169DE171) in the active site of PIM1, and also at a second promiscuous site. Alanine substitution of E171 (within the consensus motif) abolished SUMOylation, significantly increased the half-life of PIM1, and markedly reduced its ubiquitylation. Mechanistically, SUMOylation promoted ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PIM1 via recruitment of the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase, RNF4. Additionally, SUMOylated PIM1 showed enhanced protein kinase activity in vitro. Interestingly, the E171A mutant was active in vitro but displayed altered substrate specificity in cultured cells, consistent with the idea that SUMOylation may govern PIM1 substrate specificity under certain contexts. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the protein kinase activity and levels of PIM1 can be regulated by a covalent post-translational modification.
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34
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Wang XX, Liu J, Tang YM, Hong L, Zeng Z, Tan GH. MicroRNA-638 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting suppress PIM1 expression in human osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5379-1. [PMID: 28050866 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small noncoding RNAs that often play important roles in carcinogenesis, but the carcinogenic mechanism of miRNAs is still unclear. This study will investigate the functions and the mechanism of miR-638 in osteosarcoma (OS). The expression of miR-638 in OS and the DNA copy number of miR-638 were detected by real-time PCR. The effect of miR-638 on cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay. Different assays, including bioinformatics algorithms, luciferase report assay, and Western blotting, were used to identify the target gene proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) of miR-638 in OS. The expression of PIM1 in clinical OS tissues was also validated by immunohistochemical assay. From this research, we found that miR-638 was downregulated in OS tissues compared with corresponding noncancerous tissues (NCTs), and the DNA copy number of miR-638 was lower in OS than in NCTs, which may induce the corresponding downregulation of miR-638 in OS. Ectopic expression of miR-638 inhibited OS cell growth in vitro. Subsequently, we identified that PIM1 is the downstream target gene of miR-638 in OS cells, and silencing PIM1 expression phenocopied the inhibitory effect of miR-638 on OS cell proliferation. Furthermore, we observed that PIM1 was overexpressed in OS tissues, and high expression of PIM1 in OS predicted poor overall survival. In summary, we revealed that miR-638 functions as a tumor suppressor through inhibiting PIM1 expression in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xu Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Dobstertics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Min Tang
- Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hua Tan
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Qu Y, Zhang C, Du E, Wang A, Yang Y, Guo J, Wang A, Zhang Z, Xu Y. Pim-3 is a Critical Risk Factor in Development and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4254-4260. [PMID: 27826135 PMCID: PMC5108370 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pim-3 kinase is a highly homologous serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Few studies have been conducted to define the role of Pim-3 in solid tumors, especially in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to define the role of Pim-3 in development and prognosis of prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected specimens from 160 patients with prostate cancer, as well as 100 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Realtime polymerase chain reaction was used for the assessment of Pim-3 expression at the RNA level and Western blot was used to quantify the Pim-3 protein synthesis in 3 different cell lines. RESULTS We found that Pim-3 mRNA expression in prostate cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue (p<0.05). Accordingly, the protein level expression of Pim-3 in prostate cancer cell lines was also significantly higher than that in control cells. In addition, the expression status of Pim-3 mRNA was significantly associated with pathological parameters such as pre-surgery prostate specific antigen, Gleason score, pathological stage, and lymphoid metastasis. High expression of Pim-3 also significantly decreased the survival rate of patients after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Pim-3 expression is an important risk factor for prostate cancer; we are the first team to report Pim-3 as a valuable biomarker in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Changwen Zhang
- Department of Urology,, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - E Du
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Andi Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yuming Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jianing Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Aixiang Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Horiuchi D, Camarda R, Zhou AY, Yau C, Momcilovic O, Balakrishnan S, Corella AN, Eyob H, Kessenbrock K, Lawson DA, Marsh LA, Anderton BN, Rohrberg J, Kunder R, Bazarov AV, Yaswen P, McManus MT, Rugo HS, Werb Z, Goga A. PIM1 kinase inhibition as a targeted therapy against triple-negative breast tumors with elevated MYC expression. Nat Med 2016; 22:1321-1329. [PMID: 27775705 PMCID: PMC5341692 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in which cells lack expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR) and the ERBB2 (also known as HER2) receptor, is the breast cancer subtype with the poorest outcome. No targeted therapy is available against this subtype of cancer owing to a lack of validated molecular targets. We previously reported that signaling involving MYC-an essential, pleiotropic transcription factor that regulates the expression of hundreds of genes-is disproportionally higher in triple-negative (TN) tumors than in receptor-positive (RP) tumors. Direct inhibition of the oncogenic transcriptional activity of MYC has been challenging to achieve. Here, by conducting a shRNA screen targeting the kinome, we identified PIM1, a non-essential serine-threonine kinase, in a synthetic lethal interaction with MYC. PIM1 expression was higher in TN tumors than in RP tumors and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with hormone- and HER2-negative tumors. Small-molecule PIM kinase inhibitors halted the growth of human TN tumors with elevated MYC expression in patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) and MYC-driven transgenic mouse models of breast cancer by inhibiting the oncogenic transcriptional activity of MYC and restoring the function of the endogenous cell cycle inhibitor, p27. Our findings warrant clinical evaluation of PIM kinase inhibitors in patients with TN tumors that have elevated MYC expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Horiuchi
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roman Camarda
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alicia Y. Zhou
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christina Yau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cancer and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Olga Momcilovic
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sanjeev Balakrishnan
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexandra N. Corella
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Henok Eyob
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Devon A. Lawson
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Marsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brittany N. Anderton
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julia Rohrberg
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ratika Kunder
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexey V. Bazarov
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Paul Yaswen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michael T. McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hope S. Rugo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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37
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Harada M, Benito J, Yamamoto S, Kaur S, Arslan D, Ramirez S, Jacamo R, Platanias L, Matsushita H, Fujimura T, Kazuno S, Kojima K, Tabe Y, Konopleva M. The novel combination of dual mTOR inhibitor AZD2014 and pan-PIM inhibitor AZD1208 inhibits growth in acute myeloid leukemia via HSF pathway suppression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37930-47. [PMID: 26473447 PMCID: PMC4741975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a critical pathway in the biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Proviral integration site for moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) serine/threonine kinase signaling takes part in various pathways exerting tumorigenic properties. We hypothesized that the combination of a PIM kinase inhibitor with an mTOR inhibitor might have complementary growth-inhibitory effects against AML. The simultaneous inhibition of the PIM kinase by pan-PIM inhibitor AZD1208 and of mTOR by selective mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor AZD2014 exerted anticancer properties in AML cell lines and in cells derived from primary AML samples with or without supportive stromal cell co-culture, leading to suppressed proliferation and increased apoptosis. The combination of AZD1208 and AZD2014 rapidly activated AMPKα, a negative regulator of translation machinery through mTORC1/2 signaling in AML cells; profoundly inhibited AKT and 4EBP1 activation; and suppressed polysome formation. Inhibition of both mTOR and PIM counteracted induction of heat-shock family proteins, uncovering the master negative regulation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the dominant transcription factor controlling cellular stress responses. The novel combination of the dual mTOR inhibitor and pan-PIM inhibitor synergistically inhibited AML growth by effectively reducing protein synthesis through heat shock factor pathway suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Harada
- Research Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juliana Benito
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shinichi Yamamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dirim Arslan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Santiago Ramirez
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rodrigo Jacamo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leonidas Platanias
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hiromichi Matsushita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- BioMedical Research Center, Juntendo University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Saiko Kazuno
- BioMedical Research Center, Juntendo University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Rebello RJ, Kusnadi E, Cameron DP, Pearson HB, Lesmana A, Devlin JR, Drygin D, Clark AK, Porter L, Pedersen J, Sandhu S, Risbridger GP, Pearson RB, Hannan RD, Furic L. The Dual Inhibition of RNA Pol I Transcription and PIM Kinase as a New Therapeutic Approach to Treat Advanced Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5539-5552. [PMID: 27486174 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The MYC oncogene is frequently overexpressed in prostate cancer. Upregulation of ribosome biogenesis and function is characteristic of MYC-driven tumors. In addition, PIM kinases activate MYC signaling and mRNA translation in prostate cancer and cooperate with MYC to accelerate tumorigenesis. Here, we investigate the efficacy of a single and dual approach targeting ribosome biogenesis and function to treat prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The inhibition of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis with CX-5461, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription, has been successfully exploited therapeutically but only in models of hematologic malignancy. CX-5461 and CX-6258, a pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, were tested alone and in combination in prostate cancer cell lines, in Hi-MYC- and PTEN-deficient mouse models and in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of metastatic tissue obtained from a patient with castration-resistant prostate cancer. RESULTS CX-5461 inhibited anchorage-independent growth and induced cell-cycle arrest in prostate cancer cell lines at nanomolar concentrations. Oral administration of 50 mg/kg CX-5461 induced TP53 expression and activity and reduced proliferation (MKI67) and invasion (loss of ductal actin) in Hi-MYC tumors, but not in PTEN-null (low MYC) tumors. While 100 mg/kg CX-6258 showed limited effect alone, its combination with CX-5461 further suppressed proliferation and dramatically reduced large invasive lesions in both models. This rational combination strategy significantly inhibited proliferation and induced cell death in PDX of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate preclinical efficacy of targeting the ribosome at multiple levels and provide a new approach for the treatment of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5539-52. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Rebello
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Kusnadi
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donald P Cameron
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Helen B Pearson
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Analia Lesmana
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Devlin
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ashlee K Clark
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Porter
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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39
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Abe A, Yamamoto Y, Iba S, Kanie T, Okamoto A, Tokuda M, Inaguma Y, Yanada M, Morishima S, Mizuta S, Akatsuka Y, Okamoto M, Kameyama T, Mayeda A, Emi N. ETV6-LPXN fusion transcript generated by t(11;12)(q12.1;p13) in a patient with relapsing acute myeloid leukemia with NUP98-HOXA9. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:242-50. [PMID: 26542893 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ETV6, which encodes an ETS family transcription factor, is frequently rearranged in human leukemias. We show here that a patient with acute myeloid leukemia with t(7;11)(p15;p15) gained, at the time of relapse, t(11;12)(q12.1;p13) with a split ETV6 FISH signal. Using 3'-RACE PCR analysis, we found that ETV6 was fused to LPXN at 11q12.1, which encodes leupaxin. ETV6-LPXN, an in-frame fusion between exon 4 of ETV6 and exon 2 of LPXN, did not transform the interleukin-3-dependent 32D myeloid cell line to cytokine independence; however, an enhanced proliferative response was observed when these cells were treated with G-CSF without inhibition of granulocytic differentiation. The 32D and human leukemia cell lines each transduced with ETV6-LPXN showed enhanced migration towards the chemokine CXCL12. We show here for the first time that LPXN is a fusion partner of ETV6 and present evidence indicating that ETV6-LPXN plays a crucial role in leukemia progression through enhancing the response to G-CSF and CXCL12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiya Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iba
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadaharu Kanie
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akinao Okamoto
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masutaka Tokuda
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoko Inaguma
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yanada
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Mizuta
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Akatsuka
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masataka Okamoto
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kameyama
- Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akila Mayeda
- Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Emi
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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40
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Abstract
MYC is a transcription factor, which not only directly modulates multiple aspects of transcription and co‐transcriptional processing (e.g. RNA‐Polymerase II initiation, elongation, and mRNA capping), but also indirectly influences several steps of RNA metabolism, including both constitutive and alternative splicing, mRNA stability, and translation efficiency. As MYC is an oncoprotein whose expression is deregulated in multiple human cancers, identifying its critical downstream activities in tumors is of key importance for designing effective therapeutic strategies. With this knowledge and recent technological advances, we now have multiple angles to reach the goal of targeting MYC in tumors, ranging from the direct reduction of MYC levels, to the dampening of selected house‐keeping functions in MYC‐overexpressing cells, to more targeted approaches based on MYC‐induced secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Koh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Arianna Sabò
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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41
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Kreuz S, Holmes KB, Tooze RM, Lefevre PF. Loss of PIM2 enhances the anti-proliferative effect of the pan-PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:205. [PMID: 26643319 PMCID: PMC4672512 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A promising therapeutic approach for aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is to target kinases involved in signal transduction and gene regulation. PIM1/2 serine/threonine kinases are highly expressed in activated B-cell-like DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL) with poor prognosis. In addition, both PIM kinases have a reported synergistic effect with c-MYC in mediating tumour development in several cancers, c-MYC gene being translocated to one of the immunoglobulin loci in nearly all BLs. Methods For these reasons, we tested the efficiency of several PIM kinase inhibitors (AZD1208, SMI4a, PIM1/2 inhibitor VI and Quercetagetin) in preventing proliferation of aggressive NHL-derived cell lines and compared their efficiency with PIM1 and/or PIM2 knockdown. Results We observed that most of the anti-proliferative potential of these inhibitors in NHL was due to an off-target effect. Interestingly, we present evidence of a kinase-independent function of PIM2 in regulating cell cycle. Moreover, combining AZD1208 treatment and PIM2 knockdown additively repressed cell proliferation. Conclusion Taken together, this study suggests that at least a part of PIM1/2 oncogenic potential could be independent of their kinase activity, justifying the limited anti-tumorigenic outcome of PIM-kinase inhibitors in NHL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0477-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kreuz
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, The Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - K B Holmes
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, The Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - R M Tooze
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, The Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - P F Lefevre
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, The Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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42
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The life cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly dependent on host cellular proteins for virus propagation. In order to identify the cellular factors involved in HCV propagation, we performed protein microarray assay using the HCV nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein as a probe. Of ∼ 9,000 human cellular proteins immobilized in a microarray, approximately 90 cellular proteins were identified as NS5A interactors. Of these candidates, Pim1, a member of serine/threonine kinase family composed of three different isoforms (Pim1, Pim2, and Pim3), was selected for further study. Pim kinases share a consensus sequence which overlaps with kinase activity. Pim kinase activity has been implicated in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we verified the physical interaction between NS5A and Pim1 by both in vitro pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Pim1 interacted with NS5A through amino acid residues 141 to 180 of Pim1. We demonstrated that protein stability of Pim1 was increased by NS5A protein and this increase was mediated by protein interplay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of Pim kinase abrogated HCV propagation. By employing HCV pseudoparticle entry and single-cycle HCV infection assays, we further demonstrated that Pim kinase was involved in HCV entry at a postbinding step. These data suggest that Pim kinase may represent a new host factor for HCV entry. IMPORTANCE Pim1 is an oncogenic serine/threonine kinase. HCV NS5A protein physically interacts with Pim1 and contributes to Pim1 protein stability. Since Pim1 protein expression level is upregulated in many cancers, NS5A-mediated protein stability may be associated with HCV pathogenesis. Either gene silencing or chemical inhibition of Pim kinase abrogated HCV propagation in HCV-infected cells. We further showed that Pim kinase was specifically required at an early entry step of the HCV life cycle. Thus, we have identified Pim kinase not only as an HCV cell entry factor but also as a new anti-HCV therapeutic target.
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Targeting the Pim kinases in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e325. [PMID: 26186558 PMCID: PMC4526774 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that remains incurable. Novel treatment strategies to improve survival are urgently required. The Pims are a small family of serine/threonine kinases with increased expression across the hematological malignancies. Pim-2 shows highest expression in MM and constitutes a promising therapeutic target. It is upregulated by the bone marrow microenvironment to mediate proliferation and promote MM survival. Pim-2 also has a key role in the bone destruction typically seen in MM. Additional putative roles of the Pim kinases in MM include trafficking of malignant cells, promoting oncogenic signaling in the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment and mediating resistance to therapy. A number of Pim inhibitors are now under development with lead compounds entering the clinic. The ATP-competitive Pim inhibitor LGH447 has recently been reported to have single agent activity in MM. It is anticipated that Pim inhibition will be of clinical benefit in combination with standard treatments and/or with novel drugs targeting other survival pathways in MM.
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Saurabh K, Scherzer MT, Shah PP, Mims AS, Lockwood WW, Kraft AS, Beverly LJ. The PIM family of oncoproteins: small kinases with huge implications in myeloid leukemogenesis and as therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8503-14. [PMID: 25238262 PMCID: PMC4226700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PIM kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases involved in cell survival and proliferation. There is significant structural similarity between the three PIM kinases (PIM1, PIM2 and PIM3) and few amino acid differences. Although, several studies have specifically monitored the role of PIM1 in tumorigenesis, much less is known about PIM2 and PIM3. Therefore, in this study we have used in vitro cell culture models and in vivo bone marrow infection/transplantation to assess the comparative signaling and oncogenic potential of each of the three PIM kinases. All three PIM kinases were able to protect FL5.12 cells from IL-3 withdrawal induced death. Interestingly, the downstream signaling cascades were indistinguishable between the three kinases. Transplantation of murine bone marrow co-expressing MYC and PIM1, PIM2 or PIM3 caused rapid and uniformly lethal myeloid leukemia. De-induction of MYC 18 days following transplantation significantly increased the survival of mice, even with continual expression of PIM kinases. Alternatively, mice treated at the pre-leukemic stage with a PIM kinase inhibitor increased the lifespan of the mice, even with continual expression of the MYC transgene. These data demonstrate the role of PIM kinases in driving myeloid leukemia, and as candidate molecules for therapy against human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Saurabh
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Michael T Scherzer
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. Department of Bioengineering, J.B Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Parag P Shah
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Alice S Mims
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - William W Lockwood
- Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew S Kraft
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Levi J Beverly
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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45
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Kim JE, Son JE, Jeong H, Joon Kim D, Seo SK, Lee E, Lim TG, Kim JR, Chen H, Bode AM, Lee KW, Dong Z. A Novel Cinnamon-Related Natural Product with Pim-1 Inhibitory Activity Inhibits Leukemia and Skin Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2716-2728. [PMID: 25948588 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Pim-1 kinase regulates cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation and is overexpressed frequently in many malignancies, including leukemia and skin cancer. In this study, we used kinase profiling analysis to demonstrate that 2'-hydroxycinnamicaldehyde (2'-HCA), a compound found in cinnamon, specifically inhibits Pim-1 activity. Cocrystallography studies determined the hydrogen bonding pattern between 2'-HCA and Pim-1. Notably, 2'-HCA binding altered the apo kinase structure in a manner that shielded the ligand from solvent, thereby acting as a gatekeeper loop. Biologically, 2'-HCA inhibited the growth of human erythroleukemia or squamous epidermoid carcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis. The compound was also effective as a chemopreventive agent against EGF-mediated neoplastic transformation. Finally, 2'-HCA potently suppressed the growth of mouse xenografts representing human leukemia or skin cancer. Overall, our results offered preclinical proof of concept for 2'-HCA as a potent anticancer principle arising from direct targeting of the Pim-1 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Joe Eun Son
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.,WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Jeong
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Sang Kwon Seo
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.,Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Lim
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Jong Rhan Kim
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.,WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.,WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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46
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Abstract
Pim oncogenes are highly expressed in many types of hematological and solid cancers. Pim kinases regulate the network of signaling pathways that are critical for tumorigenesis and development, making Pim kinases the attractive drug targets. Currently, two approaches have been employed in designing Pim kinase inhibitors: ATP-mimetics and non-ATP mimetics; but all target the ATP-binding pocket and are ATP-competitive. In this review, we summarize the current progress in understanding the Pim-related structure and biology, and provide insights into the binding modes of some prototypical Pim-1 inhibitors. The challenges as well as opportunities are highlighted for development of Pim kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents.
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47
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Kirschner AN, Wang J, van der Meer R, Anderson PD, Franco-Coronel OE, Kushner MH, Everett JH, Hameed O, Keeton EK, Ahdesmaki M, Grosskurth SE, Huszar D, Abdulkadir SA. PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 for treatment of MYC-driven prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 107:dju407. [PMID: 25505253 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PIM1 kinase is coexpressed with c-MYC in human prostate cancers (PCs) and dramatically enhances c-MYC-induced tumorigenicity. Here we examine the effects of a novel oral PIM inhibitor, AZD1208, on prostate tumorigenesis and recurrence. METHODS A mouse c-MYC/Pim1-transduced tissue recombination PC model, Myc-CaP allografts, and human PC xenografts were treated with AZD1208 (n = 5-11 per group). Androgen-sensitive and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) models were studied as well as the effects of hypoxia and radiation. RNA sequencing was used to analyze drug-induced gene expression changes. Results were analyzed with χ(2) test. Student's t test and nonparametric Mann-Whitney rank sum U Test. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS AZD1208 inhibited tumorigenesis in tissue recombinants, Myc-CaP, and human PC xenograft models. PIM inhibition decreased c-MYC/Pim1 graft growth by 54.3 ± 39% (P < .001), decreased cellular proliferation by 46 ± 14% (P = .016), and increased apoptosis by 326 ± 170% (P = .039). AZD1208 suppressed multiple protumorigenic pathways, including the MYC gene program. However, it also downregulated the p53 pathway. Hypoxia and radiation induced PIM1 in prostate cancer cells, and AZD1208 functioned as a radiation sensitizer. Recurrent tumors postcastration responded transiently to either AZD1208 or radiation treatment, and combination treatment resulted in more sustained inhibition of tumor growth. Cell lines established from recurrent, AZD1208-resistant tumors again revealed downregulation of the p53 pathway. Irradiated AZD1208-treated tumors robustly upregulated p53, providing a possible mechanistic explanation for the effectiveness of combination therapy. Finally, an AZD1208-resistant gene signature was found to be associated with biochemical recurrence in PC patients. CONCLUSIONS PIM inhibition is a potential treatment for MYC-driven prostate cancers including CRPC, and its effectiveness may be enhanced by activators of the p53 pathway, such as radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin N Kirschner
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Riet van der Meer
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Philip D Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Omar E Franco-Coronel
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Max H Kushner
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Joel H Everett
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Omar Hameed
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Erika K Keeton
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Miika Ahdesmaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Shaun E Grosskurth
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Dennis Huszar
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA)
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Department of Radiation Oncology (ANK), Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (JW, RvdM, JHE, OH, SAA), Department of Urology (OEFC), Department of Cancer Biology (SAA), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD (PDA); Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (MHK); AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA (EKK, SEG, DH); AstraZeneca, R&D Information, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK (MA); Currently at Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (SAA).
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Deletion of Pim kinases elevates the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species and sensitizes to K-Ras-induced cell killing. Oncogene 2014; 34:3728-36. [PMID: 25241892 PMCID: PMC4369476 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Pim protein kinases contribute to transformation by enhancing the activity of oncogenic Myc and Ras, which drives significant metabolic changes during tumorigenesis. In this report, we demonstrate that mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking all three isoforms of Pim protein kinases, triple knockout (TKO), cannot tolerate the expression of activated K-Ras (K-RasG12V) and undergo cell death. Transduction of K-RasG12V into these cells markedly increased the level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The addition of N-acetyl cysteine attenuates ROS production and reversed the cytotoxic effects of K-RasG12V in the TKO MEFs. The altered cellular redox state caused by the loss of Pim occurred as a result of lower levels of metabolic intermediates in the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways as well as abnormal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. TKO MEFs exhibit reduced levels of superoxide dismutase (Sod), glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and peroxiredoxin 3 (Prdx3) that render them susceptible to killing by K-RasG12V-mediated ROS production. In contrast, the transduction of c-Myc into TKO cells can overcome the lack of Pim protein kinases by regulating cellular metabolism and Sod2. In the absence of the Pim kinases, c-Myc transduction permitted K-RasG12V-induced cell growth by decreasing Ras-induced cellular ROS levels. These results demonstrate that the Pim protein kinases play an important role in regulating cellular redox, metabolism and K-Ras-stimulated cell growth.
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49
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Banerjee S, Lu J, Cai Q, Sun Z, Jha HC, Robertson ES. EBNA3C augments Pim-1 mediated phosphorylation and degradation of p21 to promote B-cell proliferation. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004304. [PMID: 25121590 PMCID: PMC4133388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, can latently infect the human population. EBV is associated with several types of malignancies originating from lymphoid and epithelial cell types. EBV latent antigen 3C (EBNA3C) is essential for EBV-induced immortalization of B-cells. The Moloney murine leukemia provirus integration site (PIM-1), which encodes an oncogenic serine/threonine kinase, is linked to several cellular functions involving cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Notably, enhanced expression of Pim-1 kinase is associated with numerous hematological and non-hematological malignancies. A higher expression level of Pim-1 kinase is associated with EBV infection, suggesting a crucial role for Pim-1 in EBV-induced tumorigenesis. We now demonstrate a molecular mechanism which reveals a direct role for EBNA3C in enhancing Pim-1 expression in EBV-infected primary B-cells. We also showed that EBNA3C is physically associated with Pim-1 through its amino-terminal domain, and also forms a molecular complex in B-cells. EBNA3C can stabilize Pim-1 through abrogation of the proteasome/Ubiquitin pathway. Our results demonstrate that EBNA3C enhances Pim-1 mediated phosphorylation of p21 at the Thr145 residue. EBNA3C also facilitated the nuclear localization of Pim-1, and promoted EBV transformed cell proliferation by altering Pim-1 mediated regulation of the activity of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21/WAF1. Our study demonstrated that EBNA3C significantly induces Pim-1 mediated proteosomal degradation of p21. A significant reduction in cell proliferation of EBV-transformed LCLs was observed upon stable knockdown of Pim-1. This study describes a critical role for the oncoprotein Pim-1 in EBV-mediated oncogenesis, as well as provides novel insights into oncogenic kinase-targeted therapeutic intervention of EBV-associated cancers. The oncogenic serine/threonine kinase Pim-1 is upregulated in a number of human cancers including lymphomas, gastric, colorectal and prostate carcinomas. EBV nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) is essential for EBV-induced transformation of human primary B-lymphocytes. Our current study revealed that EBNA3C significantly enhances Pim-1 kinase expression at both the transcript and protein levels. EBNA3C also interacts with Pim-1 and can form a complex in EBV-transformed cells. Moreover, EBNA3C increases nuclear localization of Pim-1 and stabilizes Pim-1 protein levels by inhibiting its poly-ubiquitination. Additionally, EBNA3C augments Pim-1 mediated phosphorylation of p21 and its proteosomal degradation. Stable knockdown of Pim-1 using si-RNA showed a significant decrease in proliferation of EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines and subsequent induction of apoptosis by triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Therefore, our study demonstrated a new mechanism by which the oncogenic Pim-1 kinase targeted by EBV latent antigen 3C can inhibit p21 function, and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Foulks JM, Carpenter KJ, Luo B, Xu Y, Senina A, Nix R, Chan A, Clifford A, Wilkes M, Vollmer D, Brenning B, Merx S, Lai S, McCullar MV, Ho KK, Albertson DJ, Call LT, Bearss JJ, Tripp S, Liu T, Stephens BJ, Mollard A, Warner SL, Bearss DJ, Kanner SB. A small-molecule inhibitor of PIM kinases as a potential treatment for urothelial carcinomas. Neoplasia 2014; 16:403-12. [PMID: 24953177 PMCID: PMC4198696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene proviral integration site for moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases (PIM-1, PIM-2, and PIM-3) are serine/threonine kinases that are involved in a number of signaling pathways important to cancer cells. PIM kinases act in downstream effector functions as inhibitors of apoptosis and as positive regulators of G1-S phase progression through the cell cycle. PIM kinases are upregulated in multiple cancer indications, including lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and prostate, gastric, and head and neck cancers. Overexpression of one or more PIM family members in patient tumors frequently correlates with poor prognosis. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate PIM expression in low- and high-grade urothelial carcinoma and to assess the role PIM function in disease progression and their potential to serve as molecular targets for therapy. One hundred thirty-seven cases of urothelial carcinoma were included in this study of surgical biopsy and resection specimens. High levels of expression of all three PIM family members were observed in both noninvasive and invasive urothelial carcinomas. The second-generation PIM inhibitor, TP-3654, displays submicromolar activity in pharmacodynamic biomarker modulation, cell proliferation studies, and colony formation assays using the UM-UC-3 bladder cancer cell line. TP-3654 displays favorable human ether-à-go-go-related gene and cytochrome P450 inhibition profiles compared with the first-generation PIM inhibitor, SGI-1776, and exhibits oral bioavailability. In vivo xenograft studies using a bladder cancer cell line show that PIM kinase inhibition can reduce tumor growth, suggesting that PIM kinase inhibitors may be active in human urothelial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bai Luo
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yong Xu
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Anna Senina
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Rebecca Nix
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ashley Chan
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuping Lai
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Koc-Kan Ho
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Daniel J Albertson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Jared J Bearss
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
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