1
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Cairns CA, Xiao L, Wang JY. Posttranscriptional Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Growth and Adaptation by Noncoding RNAs in Critical Surgical Disorders. J INVEST SURG 2024; 37:2308809. [PMID: 38323630 PMCID: PMC11027105 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2024.2308809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The human intestinal epithelium has an impressive ability to respond to insults and its homeostasis is maintained by well-regulated mechanisms under various pathophysiological conditions. Nonetheless, acute injury and inhibited regeneration of the intestinal epithelium occur commonly in critically ill surgical patients, leading to the translocation of luminal toxic substances and bacteria to the bloodstream. Effective therapies for the preservation of intestinal epithelial integrity and for the prevention of mucosal hemorrhage and gut barrier dysfunction are limited, primarily because of a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying mucosal disruption. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which include microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small vault RNAs (vtRNAs), modulate a wide array of biological functions and have been identified as orchestrators of intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Here, we feature the roles of many important ncRNAs in controlling intestinal mucosal growth, barrier function, and repair after injury-particularly in the context of postoperative recovery from bowel surgery. We review recent literature surrounding the relationships between lncRNAs, microRNAs, and RNA-binding proteins and how their interactions impact cell survival, proliferation, migration, and cell-to-cell interactions in the intestinal epithelium. With advancing knowledge of ncRNA biology and growing recognition of the importance of ncRNAs in maintaining the intestinal epithelial integrity, ncRNAs provide novel therapeutic targets for treatments to preserve the gut epithelium in individuals suffering from critical surgical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A. Cairns
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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2
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Kwon MS, Chung HK, Xiao L, Yu TX, Sharma S, Cairns CM, Chen T, Chae S, Turner DJ, Wang JY. Interaction between microRNA-195 and HuR regulates Paneth cell function in the intestinal epithelium by altering SOX9 translation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C817-C829. [PMID: 39099425 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00325.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Paneth cells at the bottom of small intestinal crypts secrete antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, and growth factors and contribute to pathogen clearance and maintenance of the stem cell niche. Loss of Paneth cells and their dysfunction occur commonly in various pathologies, but the mechanism underlying the control of Paneth cell function remains largely unknown. Here, we identified microRNA-195 (miR-195) as a repressor of Paneth cell development and activity by altering SOX9 translation via interaction with RNA-binding protein HuR. Tissue-specific transgenic expression of miR-195 (miR195-Tg) in the intestinal epithelium decreased the levels of mucosal SOX9 and reduced the numbers of lysozyme-positive (Paneth) cells in mice. Ectopically expressed SOX9 in the intestinal organoids derived from miR-195-Tg mice restored Paneth cell development ex vivo. miR-195 did not bind to Sox9 mRNA but it directly interacted with HuR and prevented HuR binding to Sox9 mRNA, thus inhibiting SOX9 translation. Intestinal mucosa from mice that harbored both Sox9 transgene and ablation of the HuR locus exhibited lower levels of SOX9 protein and Paneth cell numbers than those observed in miR-195-Tg mice. Inhibition of miR-195 activity by its specific antagomir improved Paneth cell function in HuR-deficient intestinal organoids. These results indicate that interaction of miR-195 with HuR regulates Paneth cell function by altering SOX9 translation in the small intestinal epithelium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results indicate that intestinal epithelial tissue-specific transgenic miR-195 expression decreases the levels of SOX9 expression, along with reduced numbers of Paneth cells. Ectopically expressed SOX9 in the intestinal organoids derived from miR-195-Tg mice restores Paneth cell development ex vivo. miR-195 inhibits SOX9 translation by preventing binding of HuR to Sox9 mRNA. These findings suggest that interaction between miR-195 and HuR controls Paneth cell function via SOX9 in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min S Kwon
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hee K Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ting-Xi Yu
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Cassandra M Cairns
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ting Chen
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Songah Chae
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Douglas J Turner
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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3
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Ibrahim BA, Hegazy AA, Gobran MA, Zaitoun MA, Elmigdadi F, El-Gindy GA, Alashkar EM, Omar WE. Expression of microRNAs ‘let-7d and miR-195’ and Apoptotic Genes ‘BCL2 and Caspase-3’ as Potential Biomarkers of Female Breast Carcinogenesis. BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 16:2299-2313. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Let-7d and microRNA-195 (miR-195) are members of microRNAs that are known tumor suppressors and are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, invasion, and other cellular functions. However, the roles of these microRNAs in BC progression remain controversial. This study aimed to explore the correlation between the expression of let-7d and miR-195 and apoptosis-related genes (ARGs) “B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and caspase-3 (CASP3)” as potential biomarkers of breast carcinogenesis. Methods: It was a retrospective case-control study in which expression of let-7d, miR-195, CASP3, and BCL2 was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to determine expression of BCL2 and CASP3 in BC tissue versus normal breast tissue (NT) samples. Results: The expression of let-7d and miR-195 was significantly reduced within BC tissues compared to NT (P: < 0.0001); and there was a statically positive correlation between them (r=0.314, P: 0.005). They have also been correlated to biomarkers’ expression of genes related to apoptosis. There was a statistically significant positive association between CASP3, and both let-7d, and miR-195 relative gene expression (r=0.713, P: <0.0001 and r=0.236, P: 0.03, respectively). In contrast, there was a statistically significant negative association between the relative gene expression of BCL2, with let-7d, and miR-195 (r=-0.221, P: 0.04 and r=-0.311, P: 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: Let-7d and miR-195 have been suggested to be involved in BC through modulation of the ARGs including BCL2 and CASP3. The qRT-PCR and IHC studies demonstrated that decreased expression of let-7d and miR-195 prohibits apoptosis via downregulating CASP3 and increasing BCL2 expressions promoting BC progression. These results also hypothesize that let-7d and miR-195 along with apoptotic biomarkers (BCL2 and CASP3) can be used in the future to introduce novel, non-invasive molecular biomarkers for BC into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma A. Ibrahim
- 1Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy
- 2Basic Medical and Dental Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa City 13110, Jordan
| | - Mai Ahmed Gobran
- 4Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Fayig Elmigdadi
- 2Basic Medical and Dental Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa City 13110, Jordan
| | - Gehane A. El-Gindy
- 6Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Alkarak 61710, Jordan
| | - Elsayed M. Alashkar
- 8Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11765, Egypt
| | - Walaa E. Omar
- 1Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44519, Egypt
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4
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Jung M, Ji E, Kang H, Kim C, Ryu S, Han S, Cha S, Lee EK. The microRNA-195-5p/hnRNP A1 axis contributes to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the migration of cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 686:149183. [PMID: 37926044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of gene expression is critical for the progression of cancer. The augmented expression of hnRNP A1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been related to its oncogenic functions. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for upregulation of hnRNP A1 have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we identified microRNA-195-5p (miR-195-5p), a miRNA downregulated in HCC, as a novel regulator governing hnRNP A1 expression. Notably, our investigations showed an inverse correlation between hnRNP A1 level, which was increased in HCC, and miR-195-5p level, which was decreased. Our findings demonstrated that hnRNP A1 significantly enhanced the migration and invasion of PLC/PRF/5 cells through its association with mRNAs regulating metastasis. MiR-195-5p also interfered with the hnRNP A1-mediated cell migration by targeting hnRNP A1. Our results underscore the significance of the miR-195-5p/hnRNP A1 axis in regulating the migratory potential of cancer cells and its role in promoting HCC by orchestrating cell migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongwoo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Eunbyul Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Hoin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Chongtae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Seungyeon Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Sukyoung Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Seongho Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
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5
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Nguyen THN, Nguyen TTN, Nguyen TTM, Nguyen LHM, Huynh LH, Phan HN, Nguyen HT. Panels of circulating microRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 196:1-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Cho JG, Kim SW, Lee A, Jeong HN, Yun E, Choi J, Jeong SJ, Chang W, Oh S, Yoo KH, Lee JB, Yoon S, Lee MS, Park JH, Jung MH, Kim SW, Kim KH, Suh DS, Choi KU, Choi J, Kim J, Kwon BS. MicroRNA-dependent inhibition of WEE1 controls cancer stem-like characteristics and malignant behavior in ovarian cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:803-822. [PMID: 36159587 PMCID: PMC9463562 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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Maresca L, Stecca B, Carrassa L. Novel Therapeutic Approaches with DNA Damage Response Inhibitors for Melanoma Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:1466. [PMID: 35563772 PMCID: PMC9099918 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies against components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and immunotherapies, which block immune checkpoints, have shown important clinical benefits in melanoma patients. However, most patients develop resistance, with consequent disease relapse. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel therapeutic approaches for patients who are resistant or do not respond to the current targeted and immune therapies. Melanoma is characterized by homologous recombination (HR) and DNA damage response (DDR) gene mutations and by high replicative stress, which increase the endogenous DNA damage, leading to the activation of DDR. In this review, we will discuss the current experimental evidence on how DDR can be exploited therapeutically in melanoma. Specifically, we will focus on PARP, ATM, CHK1, WEE1 and ATR inhibitors, for which preclinical data as single agents, taking advantage of synthetic lethal interactions, and in combination with chemo-targeted-immunotherapy, have been growing in melanoma, encouraging the ongoing clinical trials. The overviewed data are suggestive of considering DDR inhibitors as a valid therapeutic approach, which may positively impact the future of melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Maresca
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Laura Carrassa
- Fondazione Cesalpino, Arezzo Hospital, USL Toscana Sud-Est, Via Pietro Nenni 20, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
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8
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Abstract
Upon DNA damage, complex transduction cascades are unleashed to locate, recognise and repair affected lesions. The process triggers a pause in the cell cycle until the damage is resolved. Even under physiologic conditions, this deliberate interruption of cell division is essential to ensure orderly DNA replication and chromosomal segregation. WEE1 is an established regulatory protein in this vast fidelity-monitoring machinery. Its involvement in the DNA damage response and cell cycle has been a subject of study for decades. Emerging studies have also implicated WEE1 directly and indirectly in other cellular functions, including chromatin remodelling and immune response. The expanding role of WEE1 in pathophysiology is matched by the keen surge of interest in developing WEE1-targeted therapeutic agents. This review summarises WEE1 involvement in the cell cycle checkpoints, epigenetic modification and immune signalling, as well as the current state of WEE1 inhibitors in cancer therapeutics.
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9
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Wang SR, Rathor N, Kwon MS, Xiao L, Chung HK, Turner DJ, Wang JY, Rao JN. miR-195 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Restitution after Wounding by altering Actin-Related Protein-2 Translation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C712-C722. [PMID: 35235424 PMCID: PMC8977142 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00001.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Early gut epithelial restitution reseals superficial wounds after acute injury, but the exact mechanism underlying this rapid mucosal repair remains largely unknown. MicroRNA-195 (miR-195) is highly expressed in the gut epithelium and involved in many aspects of mucosal pathobiology. Actin-related proteins (ARPs) are key components essential for stimulation of actin polymerization and regulate cell motility. Here we reported that miR-195 modulates early intestinal epithelial restitution by altering ARP-2 expression at the translation level. MiR-195 directly interacted with the ARP-2 mRNA, and ectopically overexpressed miR-195 decreased ARP-2 protein without effect on its mRNA content. In contrast, miR-195 silencing by transfection with the anti-miR-195 increased ARP-2 protein expression. Decreased ARP-2 levels by miR-195 were associated with an inhibition of early epithelial restitution, as indicated by a decrease in cell migration over the wounded area. Elevation of cellular ARP-2 levels by transfection with its transgene restored cell migration after wounding in cells overexpressing miR-195. Polyamines were found to decrease miR-195 abundance and enhanced ARP-2 translation, thus promoting epithelial restitution after wounding. Moreover, increasing the levels of miR-195 disrupted F-actin cytoskeleton organization, which was prevented by ARP2 overexpression. These results indicate that miR-195 inhibits early epithelial restitution by decreasing ARP-2 translation and that miR-195 expression is negatively regulated by cellular polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley R Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Cell Biology Group, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Navneeta Rathor
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Min S Kwon
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Cell Biology Group, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Cell Biology Group, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hee Kyoung Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Cell Biology Group, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Douglas J Turner
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Cell Biology Group, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Cell Biology Group, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Cell Biology Group, Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jaladanki N Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Cell Biology Group, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Malik S, Stokes Iii J, Manne U, Singh R, Mishra MK. Understanding the significance of biological clock and its impact on cancer incidence. Cancer Lett 2022; 527:80-94. [PMID: 34906624 PMCID: PMC8816870 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is an essential timekeeper that controls, for humans, the daily rhythm of biochemical, physiological, and behavioral functions. Irregular performance or disruption in circadian rhythms results in various diseases, including cancer. As a factor in cancer development, perturbations in circadian rhythms can affect circadian homeostasis in energy balance, lead to alterations in the cell cycle, and cause dysregulation of chromatin remodeling. However, knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the circadian clock and cancer. Therefore, a mechanistic understanding by which circadian disruption enhances cancer risk is needed. This review article outlines the importance of the circadian clock in tumorigenesis and summarizes underlying mechanisms in the clock and its carcinogenic mechanisms, highlighting advances in chronotherapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalie Malik
- Cancer Biology Research and Training, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA; Department of Zoology and Dr. Giri Lal Gupta Institute of Public Health and Public Affairs, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - James Stokes Iii
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery and Epidemiology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manoj K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Research and Training, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA.
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11
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Esposito F, Giuffrida R, Raciti G, Puglisi C, Forte S. Wee1 Kinase: A Potential Target to Overcome Tumor Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910689. [PMID: 34639030 PMCID: PMC8508993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the cell cycle, DNA suffers several lesions that need to be repaired prior to entry into mitosis to preserve genome integrity in daughter cells. Toward this aim, cells have developed complex enzymatic machinery, the so-called DNA damage response (DDR), which is able to repair DNA, temporarily stopping the cell cycle to provide more time to repair, or if the damage is too severe, inducing apoptosis. This DDR mechanism is considered the main source of resistance to DNA-damaging therapeutic treatments in oncology. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a small subset of tumor cells, were identified as tumor-initiating cells. CSCs possess self-renewal potential and persistent tumorigenic capacity, allowing for tumor re-growth and relapse. Compared with cancer cells, CSCs are more resistant to therapeutic treatments. Wee1 is the principal gatekeeper for both G2/M and S-phase checkpoints, where it plays a key role in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage repair. From this perspective, Wee1 inhibition might increase the effectiveness of DNA-damaging treatments, such as radiotherapy, forcing tumor cells and CSCs to enter into mitosis, even with damaged DNA, leading to mitotic catastrophe and subsequent cell death.
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12
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Karimi MR, Karimi AH, Abolmaali S, Sadeghi M, Schmitz U. Prospects and challenges of cancer systems medicine: from genes to disease networks. Brief Bioinform 2021; 23:6361045. [PMID: 34471925 PMCID: PMC8769701 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming evident that holistic perspectives toward cancer are crucial in deciphering the overwhelming complexity of tumors. Single-layer analysis of genome-wide data has greatly contributed to our understanding of cellular systems and their perturbations. However, fundamental gaps in our knowledge persist and hamper the design of effective interventions. It is becoming more apparent than ever, that cancer should not only be viewed as a disease of the genome but as a disease of the cellular system. Integrative multilayer approaches are emerging as vigorous assets in our endeavors to achieve systemic views on cancer biology. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the approaches, methods and technologies that can serve to achieve systemic perspectives of cancer. We start with genome-wide single-layer approaches of omics analyses of cellular systems and move on to multilayer integrative approaches in which in-depth descriptions of proteogenomics and network-based data analysis are provided. Proteogenomics is a remarkable example of how the integration of multiple levels of information can reduce our blind spots and increase the accuracy and reliability of our interpretations and network-based data analysis is a major approach for data interpretation and a robust scaffold for data integration and modeling. Overall, this review aims to increase cross-field awareness of the approaches and challenges regarding the omics-based study of cancer and to facilitate the necessary shift toward holistic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehdi Sadeghi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ulf Schmitz
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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13
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Barnaba N, LaRocque JR. Targeting cell cycle regulation via the G2-M checkpoint for synthetic lethality in melanoma. CELL CYCLE (GEORGETOWN, TEX.) 2021; 20:1041-1051. [PMID: 33966611 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1922806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of cell cycle checkpoints has been well established as a hallmark of cancer. In particular, the G1-S transition mediated by the cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) pathway is dysregulated in more than 90% of melanoma cases. Therefore, tumor cells mainly rely on the G2-M checkpoint to halt the cell cycle in order to repair DNA damage. Here, we review the promising method of cell cycle-mediated synthetic lethality for melanoma treatment, which entails exploiting somatically acquired mutations in the G1-S transition with inhibitors of the G2-M transition in order to specifically kill melanoma cells. The idea stems from the theory that melanoma cells lacking G1-S checkpoints are particularly vulnerable to mitotic catastrophe when presented with G2-M checkpoint inhibition in addition to DNA damage, whereas normal cells with intact G1-S checkpoints should theoretically be spared. This review explores the link between cell cycle dysregulation and synthetic lethality in melanoma cells and discusses potential future applications for this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Barnaba
- Biology Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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14
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Yadav VK, Kumar A, Tripathi PP, Gupta J. Long noncoding RNAs in intestinal homeostasis, regeneration, and cancer. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7801-7813. [PMID: 33899236 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways that regulate homeostasis and regeneration are found to be deregulated in various human malignancies. Accordingly, attempts have been made to target them at the protein level with little success. However, studies using high-throughput sequencing technologies suggest that only about 2% of the genome translates into proteins, whereas about 75% of the genome is transcribed into noncoding RNAs. Among noncoding RNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received tremendous attention in recent years as a crucial player in the regulation of almost all cellular processes involved in tissue homeostasis as well as in the development of various malignancies, including intestinal cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs play an instrumental role in the regulation of intestinal stem cells, injury-induced regeneration, and initiation and progression of intestinal tumors. Here, we summarize the recently discovered lncRNAs during intestinal homeostasis, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. We further present lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in intestinal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Yadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Prem P Tripathi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India.,IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB-TRUE), Kolkata, India
| | - Jalaj Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Center, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
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15
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Kwon MS, Chung HK, Xiao L, Yu TX, Wang SR, Piao JJ, Rao JN, Gorospe M, Wang JY. MicroRNA-195 regulates Tuft cell function in the intestinal epithelium by altering translation of DCLK1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C1042-C1054. [PMID: 33788631 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00597.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal Tuft cells sense luminal contents to influence the mucosal immune response against eukaryotic infection. Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial proteins as part of the mucosal protective barrier. Defects in Tuft and Paneth cells occur commonly in various gut mucosal disorders. MicroRNA-195 (miR-195) regulates the stability and translation of target mRNAs and is involved in many aspects of cell processes and pathologies. Here, we reported the posttranscriptional mechanisms by which miR-195 regulates Tuft and Paneth cell function in the small intestinal epithelium. Mucosal tissues from intestinal epithelial tissue-specific miR-195 transgenic (miR195-Tg) mice had reduced numbers of double cortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1)-positive (Tuft) and lysozyme-positive (Paneth) cells, compared with tissues from control mice, but there were no effects on Goblet cells and enterocytes. Intestinal organoids expressing higher miR-195 levels from miR195-Tg mice also exhibited fewer Tuft and Paneth cells. Transgenic expression of miR-195 in mice failed to alter growth of the small intestinal mucosa but increased vulnerability of the gut barrier in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Studies aimed at investigating the mechanism underlying regulation of Tuft cells revealed that miR-195 directly interacted with the Dclk1 mRNA via its 3'-untranslated region and inhibited DCLK1 translation. Interestingly, the RNA-binding protein HuR competed with miR-195 for binding Dclk1 mRNA and increased DCLK1 expression. These results indicate that miR-195 suppresses the function of Tuft and Paneth cells in the small intestinal epithelium and further demonstrate that increased miR-195 disrupts Tuft cell function by inhibiting DCLK1 translation via interaction with HuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min S Kwon
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hee K Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ting-Xi Yu
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shelley R Wang
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jun-Jie Piao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jaladanki N Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Kim T, Croce CM. MicroRNA and ER stress in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 75:3-14. [PMID: 33422566 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of biological technologies in genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics has led to the identification and characterization of the complete set of coding genes and their roles in various cellular pathways in cancer. Nevertheless, the cellular pathways have not been fully figured out like a jigsaw puzzle with missing pieces. The discovery of noncoding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) has provided the missing pieces of the cellular pathways. Likewise, miRNAs have settled many questions of inexplicable patches in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. The ER stress-caused pathways typified by the unfolded protein response (UPR) are pivotal processes for cellular homeostasis and survival, rectifying uncontrolled proteostasis and determining the cell fate. Although various factors and pathways have been studied and characterized, the understanding of the ER stress requires more wedges to fill the cracks of knowledge about the ER stress pathways. Moreover, the roles of the ER stress and UPR are still controversial in cancer despite their strong potential to promote cancer. The noncoding RNAs, in particular, miRNAs aid in a better understanding of the ER stress and its role in cancer. In this review, miRNAs that are the more-investigated subtype of noncoding RNAs are focused on the interpretation of the ER stress in cancer, following the introduction of miRNA and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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17
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Fatty acid synthesis and cancer: Aberrant expression of the ACACA and ACACB genes increases the risk for cancer. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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18
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Rao G, Dwivedi SKD, Zhang Y, Dey A, Shameer K, Karthik R, Srikantan S, Hossen MN, Wren JD, Madesh M, Dudley JT, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. MicroRNA-195 controls MICU1 expression and tumor growth in ovarian cancer. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48483. [PMID: 32851774 PMCID: PMC7534609 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MICU1 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that inhibits mitochondrial calcium entry; elevated MICU1 expression is characteristic of many cancers, including ovarian cancer. MICU1 induces both glycolysis and chemoresistance and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, there are currently no available interventions to normalize aberrant MICU1 expression. Here, we demonstrate that microRNA-195-5p (miR-195) directly targets the 3' UTR of the MICU1 mRNA and represses MICU1 expression. Additionally, miR-195 is under-expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines, and restoring miR-195 expression reestablishes native MICU1 levels and the associated phenotypes. Stable expression of miR-195 in a human xenograft model of ovarian cancer significantly reduces tumor growth, increases tumor doubling times, and enhances overall survival. In conclusion, miR-195 controls MICU1 levels in ovarian cancer and could be exploited to normalize aberrant MICU1 expression, thus reversing both glycolysis and chemoresistance and consequently improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rao
- Department of PathologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | | | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Khader Shameer
- Institute of Next Generation Healthcare (INGH)Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic TechnologyDepartment of Genetics and Genomic SciencesMount Sinai Health SystemNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ramachandran Karthik
- Department of MedicineCardiology DivisionUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Subramanya Srikantan
- Department of MedicineCardiology DivisionUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- Department of PathologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Genes & Human Disease Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of MedicineCardiology DivisionUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Joel T Dudley
- Institute of Next Generation Healthcare (INGH)Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic TechnologyDepartment of Genetics and Genomic SciencesMount Sinai Health SystemNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of PathologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
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19
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Rittig AH, Johansen C, Celis P, Odum N, Litman T, Woetmann A, Lindahl LM, Iversen L. Suppressed microRNA-195-5p expression in mycosis fungoides promotes tumor cell proliferation. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:1141-1149. [PMID: 32492224 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cancers, including mycosis fungoides (MF), have reported dysregulation of miR-195-5p. miR-195-5p plays a role in cell cycle regulation in several malignant diseases. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate: (a) the expression level of miR-195-5p in lesional MF skin biopsies and (b) the potential regulatory roles of miR-195-5p in MF. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine miR-195-5p expression in MF skin biopsies and cell lines. The effect of miR-195-5p and ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2 (ARL2) on cell cycle and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry assays. Changes in ARL2 expression were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting (WB). RESULTS We found lower expression levels of miR-195-5p in lesional skin from MF patients compared with non-lesional MF skin and skin from healthy volunteers. Additionally, miR-195-5p showed lower expression levels in the skin from patients with disease progression compared with patients with stable disease. In vitro studies showed that overexpression of miR-195-5p induced a cell cycle arrest in G0G1. Using microarray analysis, we identified several genes that were regulated after miR-195-5p overexpression. The most downregulated gene after miR-195-5p mimic transfection was ARL2. RT-qPCR and WB analyses confirmed downregulation of ARL2 following transfection with miR-195-5p mimic. Lastly, transfection with siRNA against ARL2 also induced a G0G1 arrest. CONCLUSION Upregulation of miR-195-5p in MF inhibits cycle arrest by downregulation of ARL2. miR-195-5p may thus function as a tumor suppressor in MF and low miR-195-5p expression in lesional MF skin may promote disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Rittig
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pamela Celis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Odum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise M Lindahl
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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Rajendran S, Barbon S, Pucciarelli S. Spotlight on Circadian Genes and Colorectal Cancer Crosstalk. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:4-11. [PMID: 32579510 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200624192517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology is regulated by circadian clock through oscillating feedback loops controlling cellular processes and behaviors. Recent findings have led to an interesting connection between circadian disruption and colorectal cancer progression and incidence through controlling the hallmarks of cancer, namely cell cycle, cell metabolism and cell death. Deeper understanding of the circadian mechanisms that define the colorectal cancer pathophysiology is the need of the hour to define a chronotherapy for improving colorectal cancer patient survival. This review identifies the key areas in which circadian genes interact with cellular pathways to modify the outcome with respect to colorectal cancer incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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21
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WEE1 kinase limits CDK activities to safeguard DNA replication and mitotic entry. Mutat Res 2020; 819-820:111694. [PMID: 32120135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Precise execution of the cell division cycle is vital for all organisms. The Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are the main cell cycle drivers, however, their activities must be precisely fine-tuned to ensure orderly cell cycle progression. A major regulatory axis is guarded by WEE1 kinase, which directly phosphorylates and inhibits CDK1 and CDK2. The role of WEE1 in the G2/M cell-cycle phase has been thoroughly investigated, and it is a focal point of multiple clinical trials targeting a variety of cancers in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents. However, the emerging role of WEE1 in S phase has so far largely been neglected. Here, we review how WEE1 regulates cell-cycle progression highlighting the importance of this kinase for proper S phase. We discuss how its function is modulated throughout different cell-cycle stages and provide an overview of how WEE1 levels are regulated. Furthermore, we outline recent clinical trials targeting WEE1 and elaborate on the mechanisms behind the anticancer efficacy of WEE1 inhibition. Finally, we consider novel biomarkers that may benefit WEE1-inhibition approaches in the clinic.
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22
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Carpi S, Polini B, Fogli S, Podestà A, Ylösmäki E, Cerullo V, Romanini A, Nieri P. Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:19-30. [PMID: 31747311 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1696194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, with a dramatic increase in the incidence rate worldwide over the past decade. Early detection has been shown to improve the outcome of melanoma patients. The identification of noninvasive biomarkers able to identify melanoma at an early stage remains an unmet clinical need. Circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, appear as potential ideal candidate biomarkers due to their stability in biological fluids and easy detectability. Moreover, c-miRNAs are reported to be heavily deregulated in cancer patients.Areas covered: This review examines evidence of the specific c-miRNAs or panels of c-miRNAs reported to be useful in discriminating melanoma from benign cutaneous lesions.Expert opinion: Although the interesting reported by published studies, the non-homogeneity of detection and normalization methods prevents the individuation of single c-miRNA or panel of c-miRNAs that are specific for early detection of cutaneous melanoma. In the future, prospective wide and well-designed clinical trials will be needed to validate the diagnostic potential of some of the c-miRNA candidates in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Fogli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriano Podestà
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erkko Ylösmäki
- Drug Research program and IVTLab, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research program and IVTLab, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Wang N, Cao Y, Ge X, Nie J, Yu Y, Li Q, Wang F, Miao L. MicroRNA-195 as a prognostic factor for cancer survival outcome in China: a meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7967-7979. [PMID: 31686911 PMCID: PMC6709821 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s205841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose MicroRNA-195 is dysregulated in different kinds of cancers and plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. It may function as a prognostic biomarker for cancers. However, the results from articles were not consistent. This study was designed to validate the prognostic value of microRNA-195 in human tumors. Methods We conducted a detailed search on PubMed until December 31, 2018. The quality of these publications was assessed on the basis of a list of key reviews presented by PRISMA statement. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) and pooled odds ratios (OR) of each 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to assess the effect. Results This meta-analysis included 12 studies involving 940 cancer patients to assess the prognostic value of miR-195 in different solid tumors. The results showed that patients with high expression of miR-195 had favorable tumor-node-metastasis (late vs early: pooled OR =0.16, 95% CI: 0.11–0.22, P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (pooled OR =0.25, 95% CI: 0.18–0.35, P<0.001) and distant metastasis (pooled OR =0.26, 95% CI: 0.13–0.52, P<0.001). At the same time, high levels of miR-195 expression were closely correlated with better overall survival (pooled HR =0.46, 95% CI: 0.36–0.58, P<0.001). Conclusion Elevated microRNA-195 may serve as a potential biomarker to predict a favorable prognosis for various cancer types in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxiu Ge
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Nie
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanpeng Li
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Miao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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24
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Yu X, Zhang Y, Wu B, Kurie JM, Pertsemlidis A. The miR-195 Axis Regulates Chemoresistance through TUBB and Lung Cancer Progression through BIRC5. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 14:288-298. [PMID: 31508486 PMCID: PMC6727248 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance and metastasis are the major reasons for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment failure and patient deaths. We and others have shown that miR-195 regulates the sensitivity of NSCLC to microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) in vitro and in vivo and that miR-195 represses the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro. However, the relationship between miR-195 and microtubule structure and function and whether miR-195 represses NSCLC metastasis in vivo remain unknown. We assessed the correlation between tumor levels of TUBB and patient survival, the effect of TUBB on drug response, and the effect of miR-195 on migration, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We found that miR-195 directly targets TUBB; knockdown of TUBB sensitizes cells to MTAs, while overexpression confers resistance; high expression of TUBB is correlated with worse survival of lung adenocarcinoma; TUBB is also regulated by CHEK1, which has been shown to regulate chemoresistance; and miR-195 targets BIRC5 to repress migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Our findings highlight the relevance of the miR-195/TUBB axis in regulating the response of NSCLC to MTAs and the importance of the miR-195/BIRC5 axis in regulating NSCLC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Binggen Wu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Alexander Pertsemlidis
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
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25
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Shafi AA, Knudsen KE. Cancer and the Circadian Clock. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3806-3814. [PMID: 31300477 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a master regulator of mammalian physiology, regulating daily oscillations of crucial biological processes and behaviors. Notably, circadian disruption has recently been identified as an independent risk factor for cancer and classified as a carcinogen. As such, it is imperative to discern the underpinning mechanisms by which circadian disruption alters cancer risk. Emergent data, reviewed herein, demonstrate that circadian regulatory functions play critical roles in several hallmarks of cancer, including control of cell proliferation, cell death, DNA repair, and metabolic alteration. Developing a deeper understanding of circadian-cancer regulation cross-talk holds promise for developing new strategies for cancer interception, prevention, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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26
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Hoffman JR, Davis ME. Embryonic miRs to the Rescue. Circ Res 2019; 125:26-28. [PMID: 31219747 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Hoffman
- From the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael E Davis
- From the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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27
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McAnena P, Tanriverdi K, Curran C, Gilligan K, Freedman JE, Brown JAL, Kerin MJ. Circulating microRNAs miR-331 and miR-195 differentiate local luminal a from metastatic breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:436. [PMID: 31077182 PMCID: PMC6511137 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in women, with metastasis the principle cause of mortality. New non-invasive prognostic markers are needed for the early detection of metastasis, facilitating treatment decision optimisation. MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression and involved in many cellular processes, including metastasis. As biomarkers, circulating miRNAs (in blood) hold great promise for informing diagnosis or monitoring treatment responses. METHODS Plasma extracted RNA from age matched local Luminal A (n = 4) or metastatic disease (n = 4) were profiled using Next Generation Sequencing. Selected differentially expressed miRNA were validated on a whole blood extracted miRNA cohort [distant metastatic disease (n = 22), local disease (n = 31), healthy controls (n = 21)]. Area Under the Curve (AUC) in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses was performed. RESULTS Of 4 miRNA targets tested (miR-181a, miR-329, miR-331, miR-195), mir-331 was significantly over-expressed in patients with metastatic disease, compared to patients with local disease (p < 0.001) or healthy controls (p < 0.001). miR-195 was significantly under-expressed in patients with metastatic disease, compared to patients with local disease (p < 0.001) or healthy controls (p = 0.043). In combination, miR-331 and miR-195 produced an AUC of 0.902, distinguishing metastatic from local breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS We identified and validated two circulating miRNAs differentiating local Luminal A breast cancers from metastatic breast cancers. Further investigation will reveal the molecular role of these miRNAs in metastasis, and determine if they are subtype specific. This work demonstrates the ability of circulating miRNA to identify metastatic disease, and potentially inform diagnosis or treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McAnena
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- UMass Memorial Heart & Vascular Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, The Albert Sherman Center, 7th Floor West, AS7-1051, 368 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, 01605-4319, USA
| | - Catherine Curran
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - K Gilligan
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jane E Freedman
- UMass Memorial Heart & Vascular Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, The Albert Sherman Center, 7th Floor West, AS7-1051, 368 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, 01605-4319, USA
| | - James A L Brown
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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28
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Xiao L, Gorospe M, Wang JY. Long noncoding RNAs in intestinal epithelium homeostasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C93-C100. [PMID: 31042423 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00092.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium of the mammalian intestinal mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through well-controlled mechanisms. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a variety of biological functions and are intimately involved in the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases. Here we highlight the roles of several lncRNAs expressed in the intestinal epithelium, including uc.173, SPRY4-IT1, H19, and Gata6, in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, focusing on the emerging evidence of lncRNAs in the regulation of intestinal mucosal regeneration and epithelial barrier function. We also discuss recent results that the interactions between lncRNAs with microRNAs and the RNA-binding protein HuR influence epithelial homeostasis. With rapidly advancing knowledge of lncRNAs, there is also growing recognition that lncRNAs in the intestinal epithelium might be promising therapeutic targets in our efforts to protect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium in response to stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. They are involved in the fine-tuning of fundamental biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis in many cell types. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs regulate critical pathways involved in stem cell function. Several miRNAs have been suggested to target transcripts that directly or indirectly coordinate the cell cycle progression of stem cells. Moreover, previous studies have shown that altered expression levels of miRNAs can contribute to pathological conditions, such as cancer, due to the loss of cell cycle regulation. However, the precise mechanism underlying miRNA-mediated regulation of cell cycle in stem cells is still incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of miRNAs regulatory role in cell cycle progression of stem cells. We describe how specific miRNAs may control cell cycle associated molecules and checkpoints in embryonic, somatic and cancer stem cells. We further outline how these miRNAs could be regulated to influence cell cycle progression in stem cells as a potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M J Mens
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Mohammadpour A, Derakhshan M, Darabi H, Hedayat P, Momeni M. Melanoma: Where we are and where we go. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3307-3320. [PMID: 30362507 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is known as an aggressive tumor which shows an increasing incidence and poor prognosis in the metastatic phase. Hence, it seems that diagnosis and effective management (including early diagnosis, choosing of the effective therapeutic platform, caring, and training of patients for early detection) are major aspects of melanoma therapy. Early detection of melanoma is a key point for melanoma therapy. There are various diagnosis options such as assessing of biopsy, imaging techniques, and biomarkers (i.e., several proteins, polymorphism, and liquid biopsy). Among the various biomarkers, assessing circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNAs, cell-free RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as powerful diagnosis tools for melanoma patients. Deregulations of these molecules are associated with melanoma pathogenesis. After detection of melanoma, choosing of effective therapeutic regimen is a key step for recovery of melanoma patients. Several studies indicated that various therapeutic approaches including surgery, immunotherapy, systematic therapy, radiation therapy and antibodies therapy could be used as potential therapeutic candidates for melanoma therapy. Caring for melanoma patients is one of the important components of melanoma therapy. Caring and training for melanoma patients could contribute to better monitoring of patients in response to various therapeutic options. Here, we summarized various diagnosis approaches such as assessing biopsy, imaging techniques, and utilization of various biomarkers (i.e., proteins, CTCs, cfDNAs, and miRNAs) as a diagnostic biomarker for detection and monitoring patients with melanoma. Moreover, we highlighted various therapeutic options and caring aspects in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadpour
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Darabi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pegah Hedayat
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Momeni
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Yu W, Liang X, Li X, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Liu Y, Wang J. MicroRNA-195: a review of its role in cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7109-7123. [PMID: 30410367 PMCID: PMC6200091 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and highly conserved noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by binding to the 3′-UTR of target mRNAs. Recently, increasing evidence has highlighted their profound roles in various pathological processes, including human cancers. Deregulated miRNAs function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in multiple cancer types. Among them, miR-195 has been reported to significantly impact oncogenicity in various neoplasms by binding to critical genes and signaling pathways, enhancing or inhibiting the progression of cancers. In this review, we focus on the expression of miR-195 in regulatory mechanisms and tumor biological processes and discuss the future potential therapeutic implications of diverse types of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China;
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China;
| | - Zhenqing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China;
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China;
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Marques MM, Evangelista AF, Macedo T, Vieira RADC, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Reis RM, Carvalho AL, da Silva IDCG. Expression of tumor suppressors miR-195 and let-7a as potential biomarkers of invasive breast cancer. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e184. [PMID: 29995098 PMCID: PMC6024513 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Some miRNAs, including let-7a and miR-195, have been described as tumor suppressors. However, the roles of these microRNAs in breast cancer progression remain controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate miR-195 and let-7a expression as potential biomarkers of invasive breast cancer. METHODS In the present study, 200 individuals were separated into three groups: (i) 72 women constituting the control group who were selected according to rigorous and well-established criteria; (ii) 56 patients with benign breast tumors; and (iii) 72 patients with malignant breast cancers of different clinical stages. The miR-195 and let-7a expression levels in serum were evaluated by real-time PCR. The results were assessed alone and in combination, and the analysis included an estimation of sensitivity and specificity in ROC curves. RESULTS Compared with the benign and control groups, both microRNAs were downregulated in the malignant breast cancer patient group. Compared with the malignant group, the combination of both biomarkers in the control and benign groups showed good sensitivity and specificity in the serum with AUCs of 0.75 and 0.72, respectively. The biomarker combination for the control group versus the malignant group exhibited a better sensitivity and specificity than for the benign group versus the malignant group. CONCLUSION These findings support the evidence that the analysis of miR-195 and let-7a can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M. Marques
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular (CPOM), Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, BR
- Faculdade de Ciencias da Saude de Barretos Dr Paulo Prata (FACISB), Barretos, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Adriane F. Evangelista
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular (CPOM), Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, BR
| | - Taciane Macedo
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular (CPOM), Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, BR
| | | | | | - Rui M. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular (CPOM), Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, BR
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Ciencias da Vida e Saude, Universidade de Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Laboratorio Associado ICVS/3B’s, Braga, Portugal
| | - André L. Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular (CPOM), Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, BR
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Chai L, Kang XJ, Sun ZZ, Zeng MF, Yu SR, Ding Y, Liang JQ, Li TT, Zhao J. MiR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p function as tumor suppressors by targeting hTERT in melanoma A375 cells. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:989-1003. [PMID: 29760567 PMCID: PMC5937487 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s163335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background hTERT gene plays an important role in melanoma, although the specific mechanism involved is unclear. The aim of this study was to screen and identify the relative miRNAs with the regulation of hTERT in melanoma. Materials and methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect hTERT mRNA and protein expression in 36 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded melanoma tissues and 36 age- and sex-matched pigmented nevi cases, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis and custom miRNA polymerase chain reaction array were determined for predicting, screening and verifying miRNAs with the regulation of the hTERT gene. To investigate the biological functions, miRNAs mimics or inhibitors were transfected into melanoma A375 cells. The relative expression of miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-455-3p and hTERT mRNA was determined by q-PCR. The protein expression of hTERT was detected by Western blot. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell proliferation ability, cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to observe cell invasion and migration abilities. A direct target gene of miRNAs was analyzed by a dual luciferase reporter activity assay. Results MiR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-455-3p were significantly downregulated, while hTERT was upregulated in melanoma tissues. hTERT expression level was inversely correlated with miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p. Overexpression of miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p inhibited A375 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, arrested the cell cycle, induced cell apoptosis and decreased hTERT expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Suppression of miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p partially reversed the inhibitory effects. Finally, hTERT was identified as a direct target of miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p. Conclusions MiR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p act as tumor suppressors by targeting hTERT in melanoma A375 cells. Therefore, miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p could be potential targeted therapeutic choice for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chai
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Kang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Sun
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Ming-Feng Zeng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Shi-Rong Yu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun-Qin Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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Cai C, He H, Duan X, Wu W, Mai Z, Zhang T, Fan J, Deng T, Zhong W, Liu Y, Zhong W, Zeng G. miR-195 inhibits cell proliferation and angiogenesis in human prostate cancer by downregulating PRR11 expression. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:1658-1670. [PMID: 29393495 PMCID: PMC5868402 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
hsa-miR-195-5p (miR-195) has been proven to be a critical regulator in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). To identify additional targets and molecular functions of miR-195, we overexpressed miR-195 by transient oligonucleotide transfection in DU145 and LNCaP cells and examined the effects. RNA-based microarray and dual-luciferase assays were carried out to identify novel targets of miR-195, while in vitro functional assays, a subcutaneous xenograft model, tissue microarray (TMA) analysis and a cohort of publicly available data (Taylor cohort) were used to investigate the biological function and clinical value of miR-195 targeting. The results shown that miR-195 overexpression could markedly suppress cellular proliferation and tube formation compared with miR-negative control. The RNA-based microarray identified a total of 153 differentially regulated genes with fold changes of ≤|1.5|, including 138 (90.2%) downregulated and 15 (9.8%) upregulated genes. Among the downregulated genes, we found that proline-rich protein 11 (PRR11) combined with miR-195 expression (miR-195/PRR11) could be used as an independent predictor of the risk of biochemical recurrence in the Taylor cohort. Additionally, the dual-luciferase assay identified PRR11 as a novel target of miR-195, and the in vitro assays indicated that PRR11 abrogated the suppressive effects of miR-195 on cell proliferation, tube formation and cell cycling. Furthermore, the subcutaneous tumor xenograft model indicated that knockdown of PRR11 inhibited xenograft growth and angiogenesis, while the results of the TMA and Taylor cohort analyses collectively demonstrated that PRR11 expression was upregulated in aggressive tumors and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Taken together, these findings further illustrate the suppressive role of miR-195 in PCa, and indicate a novel role of PRR11 in PCa. Importantly, the newly identified miR-195/PRR11 axis may aid with identifying potential therapeutic targets in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Huichan He
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Zanlin Mai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Junhong Fan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Yongda Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China,Professor Weide Zhong, Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Guohua Zeng, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, 1 Kangda Road, Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Wang R, Fu T, You K, Li S, Zhao N, Yang J, Zhuang SM. Identification of a TGF-β-miR-195 positive feedback loop in hepatocytes and its deregulation in hepatoma cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:3936-3945. [PMID: 29465312 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701199r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to TGF-β-induced growth repression is prevalent in various cancer cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that activation of TGF-β signaling caused Sma- and Mad-related family (Smad) 2 and Smad3 to bind directly to the promoter region of miR-195, and then activated miR-195 transcription in normal hepatocytes. Conversely, miR-195 inhibited the expression of Smad7 by binding to its 3'-UTR, thereby strengthening TGF-β-Smad signaling. These data identify a novel TGF-β-miR-195 positive regulatory circuitry in normal hepatocytes. Further investigation revealed that HDAC1, a histone deacetylase that was abnormally overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, could bind to the miR-195 promoter via Smad3 and cause hypoacetylation in the histones associated with the miR-195 promoter in hepatoma cells. This resulted in transcriptional repression of miR-195 and, subsequently, disruption of the TGF-β-miR-195 regulatory loop and evasion of TGF-β-mediated growth inhibition. Moreover, silencing HDAC1 in hepatoma cells restored TGF-β-mediated growth suppression, but this effect was attenuated if miR-195 expression decreased. These findings suggest that HDAC1-induced miR-195 down-regulation is an important mechanism for tumor cells to resist the cytostatic activity of TGF-β, and highlight the importance of TGF-β-Smad2/3-miR-195-Smad7 circuitry in preventing uncontrolled cell proliferation.-Wang, R., Fu, T., You, K., Li, S., Zhao, N., Yang, J., Zhuang, S.-M. Identification of a TGF-β-miR-195 positive feedback loop in hepatocytes and its deregulation in hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Kai You
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Siwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Jine Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Shi-Mei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
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Yu X, Zhang Y, Cavazos D, Ma X, Zhao Z, Du L, Pertsemlidis A. miR-195 targets cyclin D3 and survivin to modulate the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:193. [PMID: 29416000 PMCID: PMC5833354 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
miR-195 has recently been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanisms by which miR-195 represses the tumorigenesis of NSCLC cells are not fully understood. We performed a high-throughput screen using an miRNA mimic library and confirmed the identification of miR-195 as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC. We demonstrated that overexpression or induced expression of miR-195 in lung tumors slows tumor growth and that repression of miR-195 accelerates tumor growth. In addition, we found that knockout of miR-195 promotes cancer cell growth. We demonstrated that miR-195 targets cyclin D3 to cause cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and that miR-195 targets survivin to induce apoptosis and senescence in NSCLC cells. Overexpression of cyclin D3 or survivin reverses the effects of miR-195 in NSCLC cells. Through the analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we confirmed that the expression of miR-195 is lower in tumors than in adjacent normal tissues and that low expression of miR-195 is associated with poor survival in both lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients. Specifically, we found that BIRC5, which codes for survivin, is upregulated in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tissues and that high expression of BIRC5 is associated with poor survival in adenocarcinoma, but not squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, the ratio of miR-195 level to BIRC5 level is associated with both recurrence-free and overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma. Our results suggest that the miR-195/BIRC5 axis is a potential target for treatment of lung adenocarcinoma specifically, and NSCLC in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David Cavazos
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiuye Ma
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhenze Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University at San Marcos, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Liqin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University at San Marcos, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Pertsemlidis
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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37
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Xiao L, Wu J, Wang JY, Chung HK, Kalakonda S, Rao JN, Gorospe M, Wang JY. Long Noncoding RNA uc.173 Promotes Renewal of the Intestinal Mucosa by Inducing Degradation of MicroRNA 195. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:599-611. [PMID: 29042220 PMCID: PMC5811324 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mammalian intestinal epithelium self-renews rapidly and homeostasis is preserved via tightly controlled mechanisms. Long noncoding RNAs transcribed from ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) control different cell functions, but little is known about their role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. We searched for T-UCRs that regulate growth of the intestinal mucosa and investigated the mechanism by which T-UCR uc.173 regulates epithelial renewal. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were deprived of food for 48 hours in fasting experiments. Some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of a plasmid encoding LNA-anti-uc.173, to knock down endogenous uc.173. For studies using organoids, primary enterocytes were isolated from the intestine and transfected with the uc.173 transgene to increase uc.173 levels. Intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 and IEC-6 lines) were transfected with LNA-anti-uc.173 or uc.173 transgene. We quantified intestinal epithelial renewal based on BrdU incorporation, villus height and crypt depth, and cell number. The association of uc.173 with microRNA 195 (miRNA195) was determined by RNA pull-down assays. RESULTS Genome-wide profile analyses identified 21 T-UCRs, including uc.173, that were differentially expressed between intestinal mucosa of fasted vs non-fasted mice. Increasing levels of uc.173 by expression of a transgene increased growth of intestinal epithelial cells and organoids. Decreasing uc.173 levels by LNA-anti-uc.173 in mice reduced renewal of the intestinal epithelium. We found that uc.173 interacted directly with the primary transcript of miRNA195, leading to miRNA195 degradation. CONCLUSIONS In analyses of intestinal epithelial cells and mice, we identified uc.173 noncoding RNA that regulates growth of the intestinal mucosa and stimulates intestinal epithelial renewal by reducing levels of miRNA195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Jing Wu
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Jun-Yao Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Hee Kyoung Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Sudhakar Kalakonda
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Jaladanki N. Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Pang H, Xu X, Dai L, Wang K, Yao X. MicroRNA‑195 is associated with regulating the pathophysiologic process of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5283-5291. [PMID: 29393451 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be associated with the modulation of tumor development, including alterations associated with the development of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The present study was designed to investigate whether miRNA‑195 was associated with the pathophysiologic process of human LSCC and to identify its potential roles and underlying molecular mechanisms. To determine whether miRNA‑195 serves a role in LSCC, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect miRNA‑195 expression in LSCC tissues. The tumor‑suppressive effect of miRNA‑195 was determined by in vitro assays. Gain‑of‑function studies using miRNA‑195 mimics were performed to investigate cell viability, migration and invasion, and apoptosis in the AMC‑HN‑8 cell line. Western blotting was performed to reveal the molecular mechanisms of miRNA‑195 and its downstream signaling pathways in the LSCC AMC‑HN‑8 cell line. The present study demonstrated that miRNA‑195 is downregulated in primary LSCC tumors. Upregulating miRNA‑195 in vitro suppressed cell viability, migration and invasion in AMC‑HN‑8 cells. Overexpression of miRNA‑195 alone in AMC‑HN‑8 cells was sufficient to induce cell apoptosis, as identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Compared with the high expression of miRNA‑195 in AMC‑HN‑8 cells, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‑II protein and downstream signaling pathway proteins, which were associated with cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis, were markedly decreased compared with control or miRNA‑195 negative control treatment group. Together, these data suggest the therapeutic potential of miRNA‑195 in modulating cell growth, migration and apoptosis during the pathophysiological progression of LSCC and that miRNA‑195 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in human LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xianyi Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Molares-Vila A, Carnero-Gregorio M, Corbalán-Rivas A. Recent advances in melanoma research via "omics" platforms. J Proteomics 2017; 188:152-166. [PMID: 29138111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma has a high mortality rate and metastatic melanoma is highly resistant to conventional therapies. "Omics" fields such as proteomics and microRNA and exosome studies have provided new knowledge to complement the information generated by genomic studies. This work aimed to review the current status of biomarker discovery for melanoma through multi-"omics" platforms. A few sets of novel microRNAs and proteins are described, some of them with important implications in suppressing melanoma at different stages. Upregulation of genes involved in angiogenesis, immunosuppressive factors, modification of stroma, capture of melanoma cells in lymph nodes and factors responsible for tumour cell recruitment have been identified in exosomes, among molecules with other functions. A remarkable series of proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal/mesenchymal-epithelial transitions, inflammation, motility, proliferation and progression processes, centrosome amplification, aneuploidy, inhibition of CD8+ effector T-cells, and metastasis in general were identified. Genomic and protein-protein interactions or metabolome levels were not analysed. Proteomics tools such as Orbitrap shotgun mass spectrometry or deep mining proteomic analysis utilizing high-resolution reversed phase nanoseparation in combination with mass spectrometry are also discussed. The application of these tools together with bioinformatics approaches applied to the clinical setting will enable the implementation of personalized medicine in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Dermatology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Molares-Vila
- Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Department of Analytical & Food Chemistry, Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Spain
| | - Miguel Carnero-Gregorio
- Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics & Immunology, Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Spain
| | - Alberte Corbalán-Rivas
- Nursery Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
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Kim C, Hong Y, Lee H, Kang H, Lee EK. MicroRNA-195 desensitizes HCT116 human colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:264-271. [PMID: 29080751 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is one major barrier to successful chemotherapy. Although several studies have attempted to overcome resistance of cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs, key determinants of resistance remain largely unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether microRNAs might play a role in the acquisition of resistance. Human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell lines were transduced with a lentivirus library containing 578 precursor microRNAs (miRNAs) to establish cell lines resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Specific miRNAs were identified from four different resistant clones and a miR-195-expressing resistant clone (HCT-116_lenti-miR-195) was further investigated. The HCT-116_lenti-miR-195 cells showed resistant phenotype. These cells grew faster after 5-FU treatment compared to control cells (HCT-116_lenti-control). Check point kinase 1 (CHK1) and G2 check point kinase WEE1 were found to be direct targets of miR-195. Downregulation of miR-195 sensitized HCT-116 cells after 5-FU treatment. Our results demonstrate that miR-195 can promote acquisition of drug resistance to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongtae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youlim Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heejin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Cooperative Repression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type 2 Receptor Translation by MicroRNA 195 and RNA-Binding Protein CUGBP1. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00225-17. [PMID: 28716948 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00225-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor type 2 (IGF2) receptor (IGF2R) recognizes mannose 6-phosphate-containing molecules and IGF2 and plays an important role in many pathophysiological processes, including gut mucosal adaptation. However, the mechanisms that control cellular IGF2R abundance are poorly known. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) critically regulate gene expression programs in mammalian cells by modulating the stability and translation of target mRNAs. Here we report that miRNA 195 (miR-195) and RBP CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) jointly regulate IGF2R expression at the posttranscriptional level in intestinal epithelial cells. Both miR-195 and CUGBP1 interacted with the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Igf2r mRNA, and the association of CUGBP1 with Igf2r mRNA enhanced miR-195 binding to Igf2r mRNA. Ectopically expressed CUGBP1 and miR-195 repressed IGF2R translation cooperatively without altering the stability of Igf2r mRNA. Importantly, the miR-195- and CUGBP1-repressed levels of cellular IGF2R led to a disruption in the structure of the trans-Golgi network. These findings indicate that IGF2R expression is controlled posttranscriptionally by two factors that associate with Igf2r mRNA and suggest that miR-195 and CUGBP1 dampen IGF signaling by inhibiting IGF2R translation.
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Wang L, Su J, Zhao Z, Hou Y, Yin X, Zheng N, Zhou X, Yan J, Xia J, Wang Z. MiR-26b reverses temozolomide resistance via targeting Wee1 in glioma cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1954-1964. [PMID: 28898169 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1367071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNA) play a critical role in chemotherapy-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioma. However, the underlying mechanism of chemotherapy-triggered EMT has not been fully understood. In the current study, we determined the role of miR-26b in regulation of EMT in stable temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant (TR) glioma cells, which have displayed mesenchymal features. Our results illustrated that miR-26b was significantly downregulated in TR cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-26b by its mimics reversed the phenotype of EMT in TR cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-26b governed TR-mediate EMT partly due to governing its target Wee1. Notably, overexpression of miR-26b sensitized TR cells to TMZ. These findings suggest that upregulation of miR-26b or targeting Wee1 could serve as novel approaches to reverse chemotherapy resistance in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- a The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jingna Su
- a The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- a The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Yingying Hou
- a The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Xuyuan Yin
- a The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Nana Zheng
- a The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Xiuxia Zhou
- a The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jingzhe Yan
- b Department of Abdominal Oncosurgery , Jilin Province Cancer Hospital , Changchun , Jilin , China
| | - Jun Xia
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College , Anhui , China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- a The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College , Anhui , China.,d Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , MA , USA
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Kalal BS, Upadhya D, Pai VR. Chemotherapy Resistance Mechanisms in Advanced Skin Cancer. Oncol Rev 2017; 11:326. [PMID: 28382191 PMCID: PMC5379221 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2017.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a most dangerous and deadly type of skin cancer, and considered intrinsically resistant to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It has become a major public health concern as the incidence of melanoma has been rising steadily over recent decades with a 5-year survival remaining less than 5%. Detection of the disease in early stage may be curable, but late stage metastatic disease that has spread to other organs has an extremely poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 10 months. Since metastatic melanoma is unresponsive to therapy that is currently available, research is now focused on different treatment strategies such as combinations of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The molecular basis of resistance to chemotherapy seen in melanoma is multifactorial; defective drug transport system, altered apoptotic pathway, deregulation of apoptosis and/or changes in enzymatic systems that mediate cellular metabolic machinery. Understanding of alterations in molecular processes involved in drug resistance may help in developing new therapeutic approaches to treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangaluru, India; Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, India
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University , Mangaluru, India
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Madhunapantula SV, Robertson GP. Targeting protein kinase-b3 (akt3) signaling in melanoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:273-290. [PMID: 28064546 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1279147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deregulated Akt activity leading to apoptosis inhibition, enhanced proliferation and drug resistance has been shown to be responsible for 35-70% of advanced metastatic melanomas. Of the three isoforms, the majority of melanomas have elevated Akt3 expression and activity. Hence, potent inhibitors targeting Akt are urgently required, which is possible only if (a) the factors responsible for the failure of Akt inhibitors in clinical trials is known; and (b) the information pertaining to synergistically acting targeted therapeutics is available. Areas covered: This review provides a brief introduction of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and its role in melanoma development. In addition, the functional role of key Akt pathway members such as PRAS40, GSK3 kinases, WEE1 kinase in melanoma development are discussed together with strategies to modulate these targets. Efficacy and safety of Akt inhibitors is also discussed. Finally, the mechanism(s) through which Akt leads to drug resistance is discussed in this expert opinion review. Expert opinion: Even though Akt play key roles in melanoma tumor progression, cell survival and drug resistance, many gaps still exist that require further understanding of Akt functions, especially in the (a) metastatic spread; (b) circulating melanoma cells survival; and
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Affiliation(s)
- SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- a Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry , JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University (Accredited 'A' Grade by NAAC and Ranked 35 by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)-2015, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India) , Mysuru , India
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- b Department of Pharmacology , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,c Department of Pathology , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,d Department of Dermatology , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,e Department of Surgery , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,f The Melanoma Center , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,g The Melanoma Therapeutics Program , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
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45
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Amirkhah R, Farazmand A, Wolkenhauer O, Schmitz U. RNA Systems Biology for Cancer: From Diagnosis to Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1386:305-30. [PMID: 26677189 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3283-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is due to the advances in high-throughput omics data generation that RNA species have re-entered the focus of biomedical research. International collaborate efforts, like the ENCODE and GENCODE projects, have spawned thousands of previously unknown functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with various but primarily regulatory roles. Many of these are linked to the emergence and progression of human diseases. In particular, interdisciplinary studies integrating bioinformatics, systems biology, and biotechnological approaches have successfully characterized the role of ncRNAs in different human cancers. These efforts led to the identification of a new tool-kit for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, which is now starting to enter and impact on clinical practice. This chapter is to elaborate on the state of the art in RNA systems biology, including a review and perspective on clinical applications toward an integrative RNA systems medicine approach. The focus is on the role of ncRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Amirkhah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farazmand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ulf Schmitz
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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46
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Wang JY, Xiao L, Wang JY. Posttranscriptional regulation of intestinal epithelial integrity by noncoding RNAs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27704722 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the gut epithelial integrity under stressful environments requires epithelial cells to rapidly elicit changes in gene expression patterns to regulate their survival, adapt to stress, and keep epithelial homeostasis. Disruption of the intestinal epithelial integrity occurs commonly in patients with various critical illnesses, leading to the translocation of luminal toxic substances and bacteria to the blood stream. Recently, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of master regulators of gene expression and are fundamentally involved in many aspects of gut mucosal regeneration, protection, and epithelial barrier function. Here, we highlight the roles of several intestinal epithelial tissue-specific microRNAs, including miR-222, miR-29b, miR-503, and miR-195, and long ncRNAs such as H19 and SPRY4-IT1 in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and cell-to-cell interactions and also further analyze the mechanisms through which ncRNAs and their interactions with RNA-binding proteins modulate the stability and translation of target mRNAs. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1399. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1399 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yao Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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47
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Duan Y, Chen Q. TGF-β1 regulating miR-205/miR-195 expression affects the TGF-β signal pathway by respectively targeting SMAD2/SMAD7. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1837-44. [PMID: 27574009 PMCID: PMC5022901 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) proteins are important cytokines in the occurrence and development of tumors. However, its neural functions in glioma are still not understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of TGF-β1 on glioma cell line U87. miR-205 and miR-195 were involved in TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect miR-205 and miR-195 levels in human glioma tissue samples and U87 cells treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine TGF-β1 in the glioma patients peripheral blood. In vitro, U87 cells were transfected with mimics or inhibitors of miR-205 and miR-195. SMAD proteins were assayed by western blotting. Luciferase assay and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP)were used to determine the relationships between miR-205 and SMAD2, miR-195 and SMAD7. Effects of miR-205 and miR-195 on glioma cell proliferation and invasion using colony forming and cell migration assays. It was shown that miR-205 was decreased in glioma tissue, but miR-195 and TGF-β1 was increased. In addition, TGF-β1 concentration was negatively correlated with miR-205 mRNA level, but positively correlated with miR-195 mRNA. In addition, miR-205 was downregulated and miR-195 was upregulated by TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner. miR-205 and miR-195 targeted and inhibited SMAD2 and SMAD7 expression, respectively, in U87. High expression of miR-205 but not miR-195 reduced SMAD2 and SMAD4 heteromer formation. In addition, it was also shown that miR-205 overexpression inhibited U87 proliferation and invasion efficiently. All the results suggested that miR-205 and miR-195 participated in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and showed opposite effects in glioma. These findings contribute to the understanding of TGF-β1 function in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Duan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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ZHANG XIAOWEN, TAO TAO, LIU CHUNHUI, GUAN HAN, HUANG YEQING, XU BIN, CHEN MING. Downregulation of miR-195 promotes prostate cancer progression by targeting HMGA1. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:376-82. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Schummer P, Kuphal S, Vardimon L, Bosserhoff AK, Kappelmann M. Specific c-Jun target genes in malignant melanoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:486-97. [PMID: 27050748 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1156264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental event in the development and progression of malignant melanoma is the de-regulation of cancer-relevant transcription factors. We recently showed that c-Jun is a main regulator of melanoma progression and, thus, is the most important member of the AP-1 transcription factor family in this disease. Surprisingly, no cancer-related specific c-Jun target genes in melanoma were described in the literature, so far. Therefore, we focused on pre-existing ChIP-Seq data (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) of 3 different non-melanoma cell lines to screen direct c-Jun target genes. Here, a specific c-Jun antibody to immunoprecipitate the associated promoter DNA was used. Consequently, we identified 44 direct c-Jun targets and a detailed analysis of 6 selected genes confirmed their deregulation in malignant melanoma. The identified genes were differentially regulated comparing 4 melanoma cell lines and normal human melanocytes and we confirmed their c-Jun dependency. Direct interaction between c-Jun and the promoter/enhancer regions of the identified genes was confirmed by us via ChIP experiments. Interestingly, we revealed that the direct regulation of target gene expression via c-Jun can be independent of the existence of the classical AP-1 (5´-TGA(C/G)TCA-3´) consensus sequence allowing for the subsequent down- or up-regulation of the expression of these cancer-relevant genes. In summary, the results of this study indicate that c-Jun plays a crucial role in the development and progression of malignant melanoma via direct regulation of cancer-relevant target genes and that inhibition of direct c-Jun targets through inhibition of c-Jun is a potential novel therapeutic option for treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schummer
- a Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Center), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Silke Kuphal
- a Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Center), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Lily Vardimon
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Tel Aviv University , Israel
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- a Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Center), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Melanie Kappelmann
- a Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Center), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
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50
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Zhou J, Xu D, Xie H, Tang J, Liu R, Li J, Wang S, Chen X, Su J, Zhou X, Xia K, He Q, Chen J, Xiong W, Cao P, Cao K. miR-33a functions as a tumor suppressor in melanoma by targeting HIF-1α. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:846-55. [PMID: 25891797 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous findings showed that miR-33 expressed abnormally in clinical specimens of melanoma, but the exact molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. OBJECT To determine miR-33's roles in melanoma and confirm whether HIF-1α is a direct target gene of miR-33a. METHODS First miR-33a/b expression levels were detected in HM, WM35, WM451, A375 and SK-MEL-1. Then lentiviral vectors were constructed to intervene miR-33a expression in melanoma cells. Cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis were detected. A375 cells mice model was performed to test the tumorigenesis of melanoma in vivo. Finally the dual reporter gene assay was carried out to confirm whether HIF-1α is a direct target gene of miR-33a. RESULTS MiR-33a/b exhibited a lower expression in WM35, WM451, A375 and SK-MEL-1 of the metastatic skin melanoma cell lines than that in HM. Then inhibition of miR-33a expression in WM35 and WM451 cell lines could promote cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Conversely, increased expression of miR-33a in A375 cells could inhibit cellproliferation, invasion and metastasis. In vivo tests also confirmed that overexpression of miR-33a in A375 cells significantly inhibited melanoma tumorigenesis. Finally, we confirmed that HIF-1α is a direct target gene of miR-33a. CONCLUSION The newly identified miR-33a/HIF-1α axis might provide a new strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Zhou
- a Department of Plastic Surgery ; Third Xiangya Hospital; Central South University ; Changsha City , China
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