1
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Uo T, Ojo KK, Sprenger CC, Soriano Epilepsia K, Perera BGK, Damodarasamy M, Sun S, Kim S, Hogan HH, Hulverson MA, Choi R, Whitman GR, Barrett LK, Michaels SA, Xu LH, Sun VL, Arnold SL, Pang HJ, Nguyen MM, Vigil ALB, Kamat V, Sullivan LB, Sweet IR, Vidadala R, Maly DJ, Van Voorhis WC, Plymate SR. A Compound That Inhibits Glycolysis in Prostate Cancer Controls Growth of Advanced Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:973-994. [PMID: 38507737 PMCID: PMC11219269 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains incurable regardless of recent therapeutic advances. Prostate cancer tumors display highly glycolytic phenotypes as the cancer progresses. Nonspecific inhibitors of glycolysis have not been utilized successfully for chemotherapy, because of their penchant to cause systemic toxicity. This study reports the preclinical activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of a novel small-molecule preclinical candidate, BKIDC-1553, with antiglycolytic activity. We tested a large battery of prostate cancer cell lines for inhibition of cell proliferation, in vitro. Cell-cycle, metabolic, and enzymatic assays were used to demonstrate their mechanism of action. A human patient-derived xenograft model implanted in mice and a human organoid were studied for sensitivity to our BKIDC preclinical candidate. A battery of pharmacokinetic experiments, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion experiments, and in vitro and in vivo toxicology experiments were carried out to assess readiness for clinical trials. We demonstrate a new class of small-molecule inhibitors where antiglycolytic activity in prostate cancer cell lines is mediated through inhibition of hexokinase 2. These compounds display selective growth inhibition across multiple prostate cancer models. We describe a lead BKIDC-1553 that demonstrates promising activity in a preclinical xenograft model of advanced prostate cancer, equivalent to that of enzalutamide. BKIDC-1553 demonstrates safety and pharmacologic properties consistent with a compound that can be taken into human studies with expectations of a good safety margin and predicted dosing for efficacy. This work supports testing BKIDC-1553 and its derivatives in clinical trials for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Uo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Kayode K. Ojo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia C.T. Sprenger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Kathryn Soriano Epilepsia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - B. Gayani K. Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Mamatha Damodarasamy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Shihua Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Hannah H. Hogan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Matthew A. Hulverson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ryan Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Grant R. Whitman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Lynn K. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Samantha A. Michaels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Linda H. Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Vicky L. Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Samuel L.M. Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Haley J. Pang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Matthew M. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Anna-Lena B.G. Vigil
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Varun Kamat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Diabetes Center, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Lucas B. Sullivan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ian R. Sweet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Diabetes Center, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ram Vidadala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Dustin J. Maly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Stephen R. Plymate
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System; Seattle, Washington 98108, USA
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2
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Rosenberger G, Li W, Turunen M, He J, Subramaniam PS, Pampou S, Griffin AT, Karan C, Kerwin P, Murray D, Honig B, Liu Y, Califano A. Network-based elucidation of colon cancer drug resistance mechanisms by phosphoproteomic time-series analysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3909. [PMID: 38724493 PMCID: PMC11082183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant signaling pathway activity is a hallmark of tumorigenesis and progression, which has guided targeted inhibitor design for over 30 years. Yet, adaptive resistance mechanisms, induced by rapid, context-specific signaling network rewiring, continue to challenge therapeutic efficacy. Leveraging progress in proteomic technologies and network-based methodologies, we introduce Virtual Enrichment-based Signaling Protein-activity Analysis (VESPA)-an algorithm designed to elucidate mechanisms of cell response and adaptation to drug perturbations-and use it to analyze 7-point phosphoproteomic time series from colorectal cancer cells treated with clinically-relevant inhibitors and control media. Interrogating tumor-specific enzyme/substrate interactions accurately infers kinase and phosphatase activity, based on their substrate phosphorylation state, effectively accounting for signal crosstalk and sparse phosphoproteome coverage. The analysis elucidates time-dependent signaling pathway response to each drug perturbation and, more importantly, cell adaptive response and rewiring, experimentally confirmed by CRISPR knock-out assays, suggesting broad applicability to cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Rosenberger
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenxue Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mikko Turunen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Prem S Subramaniam
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergey Pampou
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron T Griffin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Karan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Kerwin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Murray
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub New York, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Uo T, Ojo KK, Sprenger CC, Epilepsia KS, Perera BGK, Damodarasamy M, Sun S, Kim S, Hogan HH, Hulverson MA, Choi R, Whitman GR, Barrett LK, Michaels SA, Xu LH, Sun VL, Arnold SLM, Pang HJ, Nguyen MM, Vigil ALBG, Kamat V, Sullivan LB, Sweet IR, Vidadala R, Maly DJ, Van Voorhis WC, Plymate SR. A Compound that Inhibits Glycolysis in Prostate Cancer Controls Growth of Advanced Prostate Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.01.547355. [PMID: 37461469 PMCID: PMC10350011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.01.547355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains incurable regardless of recent therapeutic advances. Prostate cancer tumors display highly glycolytic phenotypes as the cancer progresses. Non-specific inhibitors of glycolysis have not been utilized successfully for chemotherapy, because of their penchant to cause systemic toxicity. This study reports the preclinical activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of a novel small molecule preclinical candidate, BKIDC-1553, with antiglycolytic activity. Experimental design We tested a large battery of prostate cancer cell lines for inhibition of cell proliferation, in vitro. Cell cycle, metabolic and enzymatic assays were used to demonstrate their mechanism of action. A human PDX model implanted in mice and a human organoid were studied for sensitivity to our BKIDC preclinical candidate. A battery of pharmacokinetic experiments, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion experiments, and in vitro and in vivo toxicology experiments were carried out to assess readiness for clinical trials. Results We demonstrate a new class of small molecule inhibitors where antiglycolytic activity in prostate cancer cell lines is mediated through inhibition of hexokinase 2. These compounds display selective growth inhibition across multiple prostate cancer models. We describe a lead BKIDC-1553 that demonstrates promising activity in a preclinical xenograft model of advanced prostate cancer, equivalent to that of enzalutamide. BKIDC-1553 demonstrates safety and pharmacologic properties consistent with a compound that can be taken into human studies with expectations of a good safety margin and predicted dosing for efficacy. Conclusion This work supports testing BKIDC-1553 and its derivatives in clinical trials for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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4
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Rosenberger G, Li W, Turunen M, He J, Subramaniam PS, Pampou S, Griffin AT, Karan C, Kerwin P, Murray D, Honig B, Liu Y, Califano A. Network-based elucidation of colon cancer drug resistance by phosphoproteomic time-series analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528736. [PMID: 36824919 PMCID: PMC9949144 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant signaling pathway activity is a hallmark of tumorigenesis and progression, which has guided targeted inhibitor design for over 30 years. Yet, adaptive resistance mechanisms, induced by rapid, context-specific signaling network rewiring, continue to challenge therapeutic efficacy. By leveraging progress in proteomic technologies and network-based methodologies, over the past decade, we developed VESPA-an algorithm designed to elucidate mechanisms of cell response and adaptation to drug perturbations-and used it to analyze 7-point phosphoproteomic time series from colorectal cancer cells treated with clinically-relevant inhibitors and control media. Interrogation of tumor-specific enzyme/substrate interactions accurately inferred kinase and phosphatase activity, based on their inferred substrate phosphorylation state, effectively accounting for signal cross-talk and sparse phosphoproteome coverage. The analysis elucidated time-dependent signaling pathway response to each drug perturbation and, more importantly, cell adaptive response and rewiring that was experimentally confirmed by CRISPRko assays, suggesting broad applicability to cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Rosenberger
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenxue Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mikko Turunen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Present address: Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Prem S Subramaniam
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergey Pampou
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron T Griffin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Karan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Kerwin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Murray
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Sullivan KM, Jiang X, Guha P, Lausted C, Carter JA, Hsu C, Labadie KP, Kohli K, Kenerson HL, Daniel SK, Yan X, Meng C, Abbasi A, Chan M, Seo YD, Park JO, Crispe IN, Yeung RS, Kim TS, Gujral TS, Tian Q, Katz SC, Pillarisetty VG. Blockade of interleukin 10 potentiates antitumour immune function in human colorectal cancer liver metastases. Gut 2023; 72:325-337. [PMID: 35705369 PMCID: PMC9872249 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibition and adoptive cellular therapy have had limited success in patients with microsatellite stable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). We sought to evaluate the effect of interleukin 10 (IL-10) blockade on endogenous T cell and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell antitumour function in CRLM slice cultures. DESIGN We created organotypic slice cultures from human CRLM (n=38 patients' tumours) and tested the antitumour effects of a neutralising antibody against IL-10 (αIL-10) both alone as treatment and in combination with exogenously administered carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific CAR-T cells. We evaluated slice cultures with single and multiplex immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation, single-cell RNA sequencing, reverse-phase protein arrays and time-lapse fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS αIL-10 generated a 1.8-fold increase in T cell-mediated carcinoma cell death in human CRLM slice cultures. αIL-10 significantly increased proportions of CD8+ T cells without exhaustion transcription changes, and increased human leukocyte antigen - DR isotype (HLA-DR) expression of macrophages. The antitumour effects of αIL-10 were reversed by major histocompatibility complex class I or II (MHC-I or MHC-II) blockade, confirming the essential role of antigen presenting cells. Interrupting IL-10 signalling also rescued murine CAR-T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity from myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression. In human CRLM slices, αIL-10 increased CEA-specific CAR-T cell activation and CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, with nearly 70% carcinoma cell apoptosis across multiple human tumours. Pretreatment with an IL-10 receptor blocking antibody also potentiated CAR-T function. CONCLUSION Neutralising the effects of IL-10 in human CRLM has therapeutic potential as a stand-alone treatment and to augment the function of adoptively transferred CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Prajna Guha
- Immuno-Oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA,Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jason A Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cynthia Hsu
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karan Kohli
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sara K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Arezou Abbasi
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marina Chan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Y David Seo
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James O Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA .,National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven C Katz
- Immuno-Oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA,Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Venu G Pillarisetty
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Brayford S, Duly A, Teo WS, Dwarte T, Gonzales-Aloy E, Ma Z, McVeigh L, Failes TW, Arndt GM, McCarroll JA, Kavallaris M. βIII-tubulin suppression enhances the activity of Amuvatinib to inhibit cell proliferation in c-Met positive non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4455-4471. [PMID: 35946957 PMCID: PMC9972117 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer death. Resistance to therapy is a significant problem, highlighting the need to find new ways of sensitising tumour cells to therapeutic agents. βIII-tubulin is associated with aggressive tumours and chemotherapy resistance in a range of cancers including NSCLC. βIII-tubulin expression has been shown to impact kinase signalling in NSCLC cells. Here, we sought to exploit this interaction by identifying co-activity between βIII-tubulin suppression and small-molecule kinase inhibitors. To achieve this, a forced-genetics approach combined with a high-throughput drug screen was used. We show that activity of the multi-kinase inhibitor Amuvatinib (MP-470) is enhanced by βIII-tubulin suppression in independent NSCLC cell lines. We also show that this compound significantly inhibits cell proliferation among βIII-tubulin knockdown cells expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met. Together, our results highlight that βIII-tubulin suppression combined with targeting specific receptor tyrosine kinases may represent a novel therapeutic approach for otherwise difficult-to-treat lung carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Brayford
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alastair Duly
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wee Siang Teo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tanya Dwarte
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Estrella Gonzales-Aloy
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zerong Ma
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura McVeigh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy W Failes
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Ma W, Han X, Shasaltaneh MD, Hosseinifard H, Maghsoudloo M, Zhang Y, Weng Q, Wang Q, Wen Q, Imani S. The p110α/ΔNp63α complex mutations in triple-negative breast cancer: Potential targets for transcriptional-based therapies. Tumour Biol 2023; 45:127-146. [PMID: 37980588 DOI: 10.3233/tub-230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hotspot mutations occurring in the p110α domain of the PIK3CA gene, specifically p110αH1047R/L increase tumor metastasis and cell motility in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These mutations also affect the transcriptional regulation of ΔNp63α, a significant isoform of the p53 protein involved in cancer progression. This study attempts to investigate the transcriptional impact of p110αH1047R/L mutations on the PIK3CA/ΔNp63α complex in TNBC carcinogenesis. METHODS We performed site-directed mutagenesis to introduce p110αH1047R/L mutations and evaluated their oncogenic effects on the growth, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of three different TNBC cell lines in vitro. We investigated the impact of these mutations on the p110α/ΔNp63α complex and downstream transcriptional signaling pathways at the gene and protein levels. Additionally, we used bioinformatics techniques such as molecular dynamics simulations and protein-protein docking to gain insight into the stability and structural changes induced by the p110αH1047R/L mutations in the p110α/ΔNp63α complex and downstream signaling pathway. RESULTS The presence of PIK3CA oncogenic hotspot mutations in the p110α/ΔNp63α complex led to increased scattering of TNBC cells during growth, migration, and invasion. Our in vitro mutagenesis assay showed that the p110αH1047R/L mutations activated the PI3K-Akt-mTOR and tyrosine kinase receptor pathways, resulting in increased cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in TNBC cells. These mutations decreased the repressing effect of ΔNp63α on the p110α kinase domain, leading to the enhancement of downstream signaling pathways of PI3K and tyrosine kinase receptors and oncogenic transformation in TNBC. Additionally, our findings suggest that the physical interaction between the DNA binding domain of ΔNp63α and the kinase domain of p110α may be partially impaired, potentially leading to alterations in the conformation of the p110α/ΔNp63α complex. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that targeting the p110αH1047R/L mutations in TNBC could be a promising strategy for developing transcriptional-based therapies. Restoring the interaction between ΔNp63α and the p110α kinase domain, which is disrupted by these mutations, may provide a new approach to treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiong Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingping Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinifard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Weng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - QingLian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ma YX, Liu FR, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Chen ZQ, Liu QW, Huang Y, Yang YP, Fang WF, Xi N, Kang N, Zhuang YL, Zhang Q, Jiang YZ, Zhang L, Zhao HY. Preclinical characterization and phase I clinical trial of CT053PTSA targets MET, AXL, and VEGFR2 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1024755. [PMID: 36341335 PMCID: PMC9632963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CT053PTSA is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets MET, AXL, VEGFR2, FLT3 and MERTK. Here, we present preclinical data about CT053PTSA, and we conducted the first-in-human (FIH) study to evaluate the use of CT053PTSA in adult patients with pretreated advanced solid tumors. METHODS The selectivity and antitumor activity of CT053PTSA were assessed in cell lines in vitro through kinase and cellular screening panels and in cell line-derived tumor xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in vivo. The FIH, phase I, single-center, single-arm, dose escalation (3 + 3 design) study was conducted, patients received at least one dose of CT053PTSA (15 mg QD, 30 mg QD, 60 mg QD, 100 mg QD, and 150 mg QD). The primary objectives were to assess safety and tolerability, to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and the recommended dose of CT053PTSA for further study. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics, antitumor activity. RESULTS CT053 (free-base form of CT053PTSA) inhibited MET, AXL, VEGFR2, FLT3 and MERTK phosphorylation and suppressed tumor cell angiogenesis by blocking VEGF and HGF, respectively, in vitro. Moreover, cell lines with high MET expression exhibited strong sensitivity to CT053, and CT053 blocked the MET and AXL signaling pathways. In an in vivo study, CT053 significantly inhibited tumor growth in CDX and PDX models. Twenty eligible patients were enrolled in the FIH phase I trial. The most common treatment-related adverse events were transaminase elevation (65%), leukopenia (45%) and neutropenia (35%). DLTs occurred in 3 patients, 1/6 in the 100 mg group and 2/4 in the 150 mg group, so the MTD was set to 100 mg. CT053PTSA was rapidly absorbed after the oral administration of a single dose, and the Cmax and AUC increased proportionally as the dose increased. A total of 17 patients in this trial underwent tumor imaging evaluation, and 29.4% had stable disease. CONCLUSIONS CT053PTSA has potent antitumor and antiangiogenic activity in preclinical models. In this FIH phase I trial, CT053PTSA was well tolerated and had a satisfactory safety profile. Further trials evaluating the clinical activity of CT053PTSA are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Ma
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Rong Liu
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Wen Liu
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Peng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Feng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Xi
- HEC R&D Center, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Donggguan, China
| | - Ning Kang
- HEC R&D Center, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Donggguan, China
| | - Yu-Lei Zhuang
- HEC R&D Center, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Donggguan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- HEC R&D Center, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Donggguan, China
| | - Ying-Zhi Jiang
- HEC R&D Center, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Donggguan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Cai L, Wang Y, Peng X, Li W, Yuan Y, Tao X, Yao X, Lv R. Gold Nanostars Combined with the Searched Antibody for Targeted Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2664-2675. [PMID: 35603744 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer in the oral and maxillofacial region. Due to the special physiological and anatomical position of the oral cavity, the disease often has a significant impact on the chewing, swallowing, language, and breathing functions of patients. In recent years, with the development of medical molecular biology, molecular targeted therapy has received increasing clinical attention and has gradually become a new method for the treatment of malignant tumors. In this research, gold nanostars with a high photothermal effect combined with the searched targeted antibody were used for OSCC therapy. We use the data set in the public database and construct a gene co-expression module by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). It was found that the turquoise module and the midnight blue module had the greatest connection to tumorigenesis. Cytoscape software was used to analyze the important modules, and the top 10 genes of each module were selected; the survival analysis of the top 10 genes was carried out by gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA), which indicated that these genes (SERPINH1, MMP11, ADAM12, FADS3, SLC36A2, C1QTNF7, SCRG1, and APOBEC2) have statistical significance as key genes that are related to the tumorigenesis of OSCC. Then, the anti-SERPINH1 antibody targeted to SERPINH1 was chosen as the inhibitor and combined with gold nanostars for photothermal assisted targeted therapy. Thus, the searched key genes can be regarded as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further precise diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensor, Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanxing Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensor, Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Xiangrong Peng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensor, Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensor, Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xinwei Yao
- Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Ruichan Lv
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensor, Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
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10
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Xue C, Corey E, Gujral TS. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation as Therapeutic Vulnerability in Androgen Receptor Pathway Active Prostate Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071739. [PMID: 35406510 PMCID: PMC8997167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in males. The lack of preclinical models and molecular characterization for advanced stage PC is a key barrier in understanding the aggressive subsets androgen receptor (AR) pathway active or AR-null castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). Our study aimed to assess the potential of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and an approach integrating proteomic and transcriptomic techniques to explore the underlying drivers of metastatic PC. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of 42 PDX prostate tumors uncovered both previously established and unexpected molecular features of aggressive PC subsets. Of these, we confirmed the functional role of mitochondrial metabolism in AR-positive CRPC. Abstract Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in males and has limited therapeutic options. The lack of preclinical models for advanced stage PC represents one of the primary barriers in understanding the key genetic drivers of aggressive subsets, including androgen receptor (AR) pathway active and AR-null castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). In our studies, we described a series of LuCaP patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models representing the major genomic and phenotypic features of human disease. To fully exploit the potential of these preclinical models, we carried out a comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of 42 LuCaP PDX prostate tumors. The collected proteomic data (~6000 data points) based on 71 antibodies revealed many of the previously known molecular markers associated with AR-positive and AR-null CRPC. Genomic analysis indicated subtype-specific activation of pathways such as Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, mTOR, and oxidative phosphorylation for AR-positive CRPC and upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism and glucose metabolism for AR-null CRPC. Of these, we functionally confirmed the role of mitochondrial metabolism in AR-positive CRPC cell lines. Our data highlight how the integration of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches and PDX systems as preclinical models can potentially map the connectivity of poorly understood signaling pathways in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Xue
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Taranjit S. Gujral
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Bian Q, Anderson JC, Zhang XW, Huang ZQ, Ebefors K, Nyström J, Hall S, Novak L, Julian BA, Willey CD, Novak J. Mesangioproliferative Kidney Diseases and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Mediated AXL Phosphorylation. Kidney Med 2021; 3:1003-1013.e1. [PMID: 34939009 PMCID: PMC8664734 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common glomerular disease, with mesangial cell proliferation as a major feature. There is no disease-specific treatment. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) contributes to the pathogenesis of IgAN. To better understand its pathogenic mechanisms, we assessed PDGF-mediated AXL phosphorylation in human mesangial cells and kidney tissue biopsy specimens. STUDY DESIGN Immunostaining using human kidney biopsy specimens and in vitro studies using primary human mesangial cells. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Phosphorylation of AXL was assessed in cultured mesangial cells and 10 kidney-biopsy specimens from 5 patients with IgAN, 3 with minimal change disease, 1 with membranous nephropathy, and 1 with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN). PREDICTOR Glomerular staining for phospho-AXL in kidney biopsy specimens of patients with mesangioproliferative diseases. OUTCOMES Phosphorylated AXL detected in biopsy tissues of patients with IgAN and mesangioproliferative GN and in cultured mesangial cells stimulated with PDGF. ANALYTIC APPROACH t test, Mann-Whitney test, and analysis of variance were used to assess the significance of mesangial cell proliferative changes. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining revealed enhanced phosphorylation of glomerular AXL in IgAN and mesangioproliferative GN, but not in minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy. Confocal-microscopy immunofluorescence analysis indicated that mesangial cells rather than endothelial cells or podocytes expressed phospho-AXL. Kinomic profiling of primary mesangial cells treated with PDGF revealed activation of several protein-tyrosine kinases, including AXL. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated association of AXL and PDGF receptor proteins. An AXL-specific inhibitor (bemcentinib) partially blocked PDGF-induced cellular proliferation and reduced phosphorylation of AXL and PDGF receptor and the downstream signals (AKT1 and ERK1/2). LIMITATIONS Small number of kidney biopsy specimens to correlate the activation of AXL with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS PDGF-mediated signaling in mesangial cells involves transactivation of AXL. Finding appropriate inhibitors to block PDGF-mediated transactivation of AXL may provide new therapeutic options for mesangioproliferative kidney diseases such as IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bian
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xian Wen Zhang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Stacy Hall
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lea Novak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Jan Novak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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12
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Computational modeling identifies multitargeted kinase inhibitors as effective therapies for metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103623118. [PMID: 34593636 PMCID: PMC8501846 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103623118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an advanced prostate cancer with limited therapeutic options and poor patient outcomes. To investigate whether multitargeted kinase inhibitors (KIs) represent an opportunity for mCRPC drug development, we applied machine learning–based functional screening and identified two KIs, PP121 and SC-1, which demonstrated strong suppression of CRPC growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we show the marked ability of these KIs to improve on standard-of-care chemotherapy in both tumor response and survival, suggesting that combining multitargeted KIs with chemotherapy represents a promising avenue for mCRPC treatment. Overall, our findings demonstrate the application of a multidisciplinary strategy that blends bench science with machine-learning approaches for rapidly identifying KIs that result in desired phenotypic effects. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced subtype of prostate cancer with limited therapeutic options. Here, we applied a systems-based modeling approach called kinome regularization (KiR) to identify multitargeted kinase inhibitors (KIs) that abrogate CRPC growth. Two predicted KIs, PP121 and SC-1, suppressed CRPC growth in two-dimensional in vitro experiments and in vivo subcutaneous xenografts. An ex vivo bone mimetic environment and in vivo tibia xenografts revealed resistance to these KIs in bone. Combining PP121 or SC-1 with docetaxel, standard-of-care chemotherapy for late-stage CRPC, significantly reduced tibia tumor growth in vivo, decreased growth factor signaling, and vastly extended overall survival, compared to either docetaxel monotherapy. These results highlight the utility of computational modeling in forming physiologically relevant predictions and provide evidence for the role of multitargeted KIs as chemosensitizers for late-stage, metastatic CRPC.
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13
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Dees S, Ganesan R, Singh S, Grewal IS. Bispecific Antibodies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:162-173. [PMID: 33041246 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, is associated with heightened metastatic potential and poor prognosis. While systemic chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical excision remain the current treatment modalities for patients with TNBC, the immunogenic nature of this aggressive disease has presented opportunity for the development of TNBC-targeting immunotherapies. Bispecific antibody-based therapeutics for the treatment of TNBC have gained recent attention in the scientific community. Clinical precedent has been previously established for the FDA-approved bispecific T cell engager, blinatumomab, for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The present review discusses novel bispecific antibodies for TNBC and emerging TNBC targets for future bispecific antibody development.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/pharmacology
- Camptothecin/therapeutic use
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Medical Oncology/methods
- Medical Oncology/trends
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/mortality
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundee Dees
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Rajkumar Ganesan
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Sanjaya Singh
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Iqbal S Grewal
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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14
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Mäkelä R, Arjonen A, Suryo Rahmanto A, Härmä V, Lehtiö J, Kuopio T, Helleday T, Sangfelt O, Kononen J, Rantala JK. Ex vivo assessment of targeted therapies in a rare metastatic epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. Neoplasia 2020; 22:390-398. [PMID: 32645560 PMCID: PMC7341452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare subtype of salivary gland neoplasms. Since the initial description of the cancer, just over 300 cases have been reported. EMCs occupy a biphasic cellular differentiation-state defined by the constitution of two cell types representing epithelial and myoepithelial lineages, yet the functional consequence of the differentiation-state heterogeneity with respect to therapy resistance of the tumors remains unclear. The reported local recurrence rate of the cases is approximately 30%, and while distant metastases are rare, a significant fraction of these cases are reported to receive no survival benefit from radio- or chemotherapy given in addition to surgery. Moreover, no targeted therapies have been reported for these neoplasms. We report here the first use and application of ex vivo drug screening together with next generation sequencing to assess targeted treatment strategies for a rare metastatic epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. Results of the ex vivo drug screen demonstrate significant differential therapeutic sensitivity between the epithelial and myoepithelial intra-tumor cell lineages suggesting that differentiation-state heterogeneity within epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas may present an outlet to partial therapeutic responses to targeted therapies including MEK and mTOR inhibitors. These results suggest that the intra-tumor lineage composition of EMC could be an important factor to be assessed when novel treatments are being evaluated for management of metastatic EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ville Härmä
- Misvik Biology Oy, Turku, Finland; University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä Medical Centre, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Thomas Helleday
- University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, UK
| | - Olle Sangfelt
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Juha Kononen
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä Medical Centre, Jyväskylä, Finland; Docrates Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Juha K Rantala
- Misvik Biology Oy, Turku, Finland; University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, South Yorkshire, Sheffield, UK.
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15
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Yang YM, Jang Y, Lee SH, Kang B, Lim SM. AXL/MET dual inhibitor, CB469, has activity in non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to EGFR TKI with AXL or MET activation. Lung Cancer 2020; 146:70-77. [PMID: 32521387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) may occur via bypass signals such as AXL or MET activation. We investigated the antitumor activity of CB469, a newly developed drug that targets both AXL and MET, in EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines with acquired resistance to erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib (PC9/ER, HCC827/GR and HCC827/OR, respectively). We characterized the mechanisms of CB469 action in resistant cells and investigated the antitumor efficacy of CB469 both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Resistant cells showed activation of phosphorylated EGFR, as well as AXL and MET activation and phosphorylation. The combination of CB469 and EGFR TKIs synergistically inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation rates in resistant cell lines. The combination of CB469 and erlotinib induced apoptosis of PC9/ER cells. Mechanistically, resistant cells showed an interaction of AXL and MET. CB469 and EGFR TKI also demonstrated antitumor activity by reducing phosphorylated AXL and MET in mouse xenograft models with HCC827/GR cells. CONCLUSION The combination of CB469 and EGFR TKI can overcome the acquired resistance to EGFR TKI mediated by AXL and MET activation. We anticipate that the dual inhibitory actions of CB469 will assist with the development of targeted therapy for EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients who fail initial EGFR TKI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jang
- CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | | | - Beodeul Kang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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16
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AXL as a Target in Breast Cancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:5291952. [PMID: 32148495 PMCID: PMC7042526 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5291952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that has been implicated in diverse tumor-promoting processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, survival, and apoptosis. AXL therefore plays a role in cancer progression, and AXL has been implicated in a wide variety of malignancies from solid tumors to hematopoietic cancers where it is often associated with poor prognosis. In cancer, AXL has been shown to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis formation, drug resistance, and a role for AXL in modulation of the tumor microenvironment and immune response has been identified. In light of these activities multiple AXL inhibitors have been developed, and several of these have entered clinical trials in the U.S. In breast cancer, high levels of AXL expression have been observed. The role of AXL in cancer with a focus on therapeutic implications for breast cancer is discussed.
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17
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Namiki K, Wongsirisin P, Yokoyama S, Sato M, Rawangkan A, Sakai R, Iida K, Suganuma M. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits stemness and tumourigenicity stimulated by AXL receptor tyrosine kinase in human lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2444. [PMID: 32051483 PMCID: PMC7016176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (H1299-sdCSCs) were obtained from tumour spheres of H1299 human lung cancer cells. We studied low stiffness, a unique biophysical property of cancer cells, in H1299-sdCSCs and parental H1299. Atomic force microscopy revealed an average Young’s modulus value of 1.52 kPa for H1299-sdCSCs, which showed low stiffness compared with that of H1299 cells, with a Young’s modulus value of 2.24 kPa. (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) reversed the average Young’s modulus value of H1299-sdCSCs to that of H1299 cells. EGCG treatment inhibited tumour sphere formation and ALDH1A1 and SNAI2 (Slug) expression. AXL receptor tyrosine kinase is highly expressed in H1299-sdCSCs and AXL knockdown with siAXLs significantly reduced tumour sphere formation and ALDH1A1 and SNAI2 (Slug) expression. An AXL-high population of H1299-sdCSCs was similarly reduced by treatment with EGCG and siAXLs. Transplantation of an AXL-high clone isolated from H1299 cells into SCID/Beige mice induced faster development of bigger tumour than bulk H1299 cells, whereas transplantation of the AXL-low clone yielded no tumours. Oral administration of EGCG and green tea extract (GTE) inhibited tumour growth in mice and reduced p-AXL, ALDH1A1, and SLUG in tumours. Thus, EGCG inhibits the stemness and tumourigenicity of human lung cancer cells by inhibiting AXL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Namiki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Pattama Wongsirisin
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Shota Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Motoi Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Anchalee Rawangkan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.,School of Medical Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand, 56000
| | - Ryo Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masami Suganuma
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan. .,Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.
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18
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Huang KL, Wu Y, Primeau T, Wang YT, Gao Y, McMichael JF, Scott AD, Cao S, Wendl MC, Johnson KJ, Ruggles K, Held J, Payne SH, Davies S, Dar A, Kinsinger CR, Mesri M, Rodriguez H, Ellis MJ, Townsend RR, Chen F, Fenyö D, Li S, Liu T, Carr SA, Ding L. Regulated Phosphosignaling Associated with Breast Cancer Subtypes and Druggability. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1630-1650. [PMID: 31196969 PMCID: PMC6682998 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant phospho-signaling is a hallmark of cancer. We investigated kinase-substrate regulation of 33,239 phosphorylation sites (phosphosites) in 77 breast tumors and 24 breast cancer xenografts. Our search discovered 2134 quantitatively correlated kinase-phosphosite pairs, enriching for and extending experimental or binding-motif predictions. Among the 91 kinases with auto-phosphorylation, elevated EGFR, ERBB2, PRKG1, and WNK1 phosphosignaling were enriched in basal, HER2-E, Luminal A, and Luminal B breast cancers, respectively, revealing subtype-specific regulation. CDKs, MAPKs, and ataxia-telangiectasia proteins were dominant, master regulators of substrate-phosphorylation, whose activities are not captured by genomic evidence. We unveiled phospho-signaling and druggable targets from 113 kinase-substrate pairs and cascades downstream of kinases, including AKT1, BRAF and EGFR. We further identified kinase-substrate-pairs associated with clinical or immune signatures and experimentally validated activated phosphosites of ERBB2, EIF4EBP1, and EGFR. Overall, kinase-substrate regulation revealed by the largest unbiased global phosphorylation data to date connects driver events to their signaling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Huang
- ‡Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; §Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; ¶Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.
| | - Yige Wu
- **Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ‡‡McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Tina Primeau
- ‡‡McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- §§§Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Yuqian Gao
- §§§Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | | | - Adam D Scott
- **Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ‡‡McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Song Cao
- **Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ‡‡McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Michael C Wendl
- ‡‡McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; §§Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ¶¶Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108.
| | - Kimberly J Johnson
- ‖‖Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ‡‡‡Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Kelly Ruggles
- ¶¶¶Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jason Held
- **Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ‖‖Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Samuel H Payne
- §§§Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Sherri Davies
- **Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ‖‖Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Arvin Dar
- ‖Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Mehdi Mesri
- ‖‖‖National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- ‖‖‖National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- ‡‡‡‡Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center & Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - R Reid Townsend
- **Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ‖‖Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Feng Chen
- **Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ‖‖Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - David Fenyö
- ¶¶Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Shunqiang Li
- **Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ‖‖Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Tao Liu
- ‡‡McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Steven A Carr
- §§§§The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Li Ding
- **Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; §§Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108; ‖‖Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63108
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19
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Byron A. Reproducibility and Crossplatform Validation of Reverse-Phase Protein Array Data. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1188:181-201. [PMID: 31820389 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9755-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) technology is a high-throughput antibody- and microarray-based approach for the rapid profiling of levels of proteins and protein posttranslational modifications in biological specimens. The technology consumes small amounts of samples, can sensitively detect low-abundance proteins and posttranslational modifications, enables measurements of multiple signaling pathways in parallel, has the capacity to analyze large sample numbers, and offers robust interexperimental reproducibility. These features of RPPA experiments have motivated and enabled the use of RPPA technology in various biomedical, translational, and clinical applications, including the delineation of molecular mechanisms of disease, profiling of druggable signaling pathway activation, and search for new prognostic markers. Owing to the complexity of many of these applications, such as developing multiplex protein assays for diagnostic laboratories or integrating posttranslational modification-level data using large-scale proteogenomic approaches, robust and well-validated data are essential. There are many distinct components of an RPPA workflow, and numerous possible technical setups and analysis parameter options exist. The differences between RPPA platform setups around the world offer opportunities to assess and minimize interplatform variation. Crossplatform validation may also aid in the evaluation of robust, platform-independent protein markers of disease and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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20
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MacLeod JA, Gao Y, Hall C, Muller WJ, Gujral TS, Greer PA. Genetic disruption of calpain-1 and calpain-2 attenuates tumorigenesis in mouse models of HER2+ breast cancer and sensitizes cancer cells to doxorubicin and lapatinib. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33382-33395. [PMID: 30279968 PMCID: PMC6161787 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of calcium activated cysteine proteases which participate in a wide range of cellular functions including migration, invasion, autophagy, programmed cell death, and gene expression. Calpain-1 and calpain-2 isoforms are ubiquitously expressed heterodimers composed of isoform specific catalytic subunits coupled with an obligate common regulatory subunit encoded by capns1. Here, we report that conditional deletion of capns1 disrupted calpain-1 and calpain-2 expression and activity, and this was associated with delayed tumorigenesis and altered signaling in a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous HER2+ breast cancer and effectively blocked tumorigenesis in an orthotopic engraftment model. Furthermore, capns1 knockout in a tumor derived cell line correlated with enhanced sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin and the HER2/EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib. Collectively, these results indicate pro-tumorigenic roles for calpains-1/2 in HER2+ breast cancer and provide evidence that calpain-1/2 inhibitors could have anti-tumor effects if used either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics and targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A MacLeod
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Gao
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Hall
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Antony J, Zanini E, Kelly Z, Tan TZ, Karali E, Alomary M, Jung Y, Nixon K, Cunnea P, Fotopoulou C, Paterson A, Roy-Nawathe S, Mills GB, Huang RYJ, Thiery JP, Gabra H, Recchi C. The tumour suppressor OPCML promotes AXL inactivation by the phosphatase PTPRG in ovarian cancer. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745670. [PMID: 29907679 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer, the prometastatic RTK AXL promotes motility, invasion and poor prognosis. Here, we show that reduced survival caused by AXL overexpression can be mitigated by the expression of the GPI-anchored tumour suppressor OPCML Further, we demonstrate that AXL directly interacts with OPCML, preferentially so when AXL is activated by its ligand Gas6. As a consequence, AXL accumulates in cholesterol-rich lipid domains, where OPCML resides. Here, phospho-AXL is brought in proximity to the lipid domain-restricted phosphatase PTPRG, which de-phosphorylates the RTK/ligand complex. This prevents AXL-mediated transactivation of other RTKs (cMET and EGFR), thereby inhibiting sustained phospho-ERK signalling, induction of the EMT transcription factor Slug, cell migration and invasion. From a translational perspective, we show that OPCML enhances the effect of the phase II AXL inhibitor R428 in vitro and in vivo We therefore identify a novel mechanism by which two spatially restricted tumour suppressors, OPCML and PTPRG, coordinate to repress AXL-dependent oncogenic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Antony
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elisa Zanini
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe Kelly
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evdoxia Karali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammad Alomary
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Youngrock Jung
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Nixon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paula Cunnea
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Paterson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sushmita Roy-Nawathe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Division of Basic Science Research, Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hani Gabra
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK .,Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chiara Recchi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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Chen Z, Dodig-Crnković T, Schwenk JM, Tao SC. Current applications of antibody microarrays. Clin Proteomics 2018; 15:7. [PMID: 29507545 PMCID: PMC5830343 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-018-9184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of antibody microarrays is one of the most versatile approaches within multiplexed immunoassay technologies. These types of arrays have increasingly become an attractive tool for the exploratory detection and study of protein abundance, function, pathways, and potential drug targets. Due to the properties of the antibody microarrays and their potential use in basic research and clinical analytics, various types of antibody microarrays have already been developed. In spite of the growing number of studies utilizing this technique, few reviews about antibody microarray technology have been presented to reflect the quality and future uses of the generated data. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent applications of antibody microarray techniques in basic biology and clinical studies, providing insights into the current trends and future of protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Tea Dodig-Crnković
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sheng-ce Tao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
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23
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Eom HS, Park HS, You GE, Kim JY, Nam SY. Identification of cellular responses to low-dose radiation by the profiling of phosphorylated proteins in human B-lymphoblast IM-9 cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1207-1216. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1377362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Soo Eom
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Sun Park
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Eun You
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Abstract
A major challenge in anticancer treatment is the pre-existence or emergence of resistance to therapy. AXL and MER are two members of the TAM (TYRO3-AXL-MER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which, when activated, can regulate tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and tumor-host interactions. An increasing body of evidence strongly suggests that these receptors play major roles in resistance to targeted therapies and conventional cytotoxic agents. Multiple resistance mechanisms exist, including the direct and indirect crosstalk of AXL and MER with other receptors and the activation of feedback loops regulating AXL and MER expression and activity. These mechanisms may be innate, adaptive, or acquired. A principal role of AXL appears to be in sustaining a mesenchymal phenotype, itself a major mechanism of resistance to diverse anticancer therapies. Both AXL and MER play a role in the repression of the innate immune response which may also limit response to treatment. Small molecule and antibody inhibitors of AXL and MER have recently been described, and some of these have already entered clinical trials. The optimal design of treatment strategies to maximize the clinical benefit of these AXL and MER targeting agents are discussed in relation to the different cancer types and the types of resistance encountered. One of the major challenges to successful development of these therapies will be the application of robust predictive biomarkers for clear-cut patient stratification.
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25
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Masuda M, Yamada T. Signaling pathway profiling using reverse-phase protein array and its clinical applications. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017. [PMID: 28621158 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1344101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased accessibility to next-generation sequencing within the last decade has led to a paradigm shift in cancer treatment from one-size-fits-all medicine to precision medicine providing therapeutic strategies tailored to the requirements of individual patients. However, the effect of even the most successful agent yet tested is only transient, and durable efficacy has yet to be achieved. Genome- and transcriptome-based approaches cannot fully predict the diversity of protein expression patterns or post-translational modifications that directly contribute to cancer pathogenesis and physiology. This underscores the need for concordant proteomic analysis in the next stage of precision medicine. Areas covered: This review begins with an overview of the recent advances and trends in precision medicine that currently rely on genomics, and highlights the utility of antibody-based reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) technology as a proteomic tool in this context. Expert commentary: RPPA is well suited for pharmacodynamics analysis in view of its ability to precisely map signaling status using limited amounts of clinical samples. In addition, the cost-effectiveness and rapid turn-around time of the RPPA platform offer a substantial advantage over existing molecular profiling technologies in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Masuda
- a Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Research , National Cancer Center Research Institute , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tesshi Yamada
- a Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Research , National Cancer Center Research Institute , Tokyo , Japan
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26
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Pool M, de Boer HR, Hooge MNLD, van Vugt MA, de Vries EG. Harnessing Integrative Omics to Facilitate Molecular Imaging of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family for Precision Medicine. Theranostics 2017; 7:2111-2133. [PMID: 28638489 PMCID: PMC5479290 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a growing problem worldwide. The cause of death in cancer patients is often due to treatment-resistant metastatic disease. Many molecularly targeted anticancer drugs have been developed against 'oncogenic driver' pathways. However, these treatments are usually only effective in properly selected patients. Resistance to molecularly targeted drugs through selective pressure on acquired mutations or molecular rewiring can hinder their effectiveness. This review summarizes how molecular imaging techniques can potentially facilitate the optimal implementation of targeted agents. Using the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family as a model in (pre)clinical studies, we illustrate how molecular imaging may be employed to characterize whole body target expression as well as monitor drug effectiveness and the emergence of tumor resistance. We further discuss how an integrative omics discovery platform could guide the selection of 'effect sensors' - new molecular imaging targets - which are dynamic markers that indicate treatment effectiveness or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pool
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Rudolf de Boer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A.T.M. van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G.E. de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Wu G, Ma Z, Hu W, Wang D, Gong B, Fan C, Jiang S, Li T, Gao J, Yang Y. Molecular insights of Gas6/TAM in cancer development and therapy. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2700. [PMID: 28333143 PMCID: PMC5386520 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) was discovered in 1988, numerous studies have highlighted the role of the Gas6 protein and its receptors Tyro3, Axl and Mer (collectively referred to as TAM), in proliferation, apoptosis, efferocytosis, leukocyte migration, sequestration and platelet aggregation. Gas6 has a critical role in the development of multiple types of cancers, including pancreatic, prostate, oral, ovarian and renal cancers. Acute myelocytic leukaemia (AML) is a Gas6-dependent cancer, and Gas6 expression predicts poor prognosis in AML. Interestingly, Gas6 also has a role in establishing tumour dormancy in the bone marrow microenvironment and in suppressing intestinal tumorigenesis. Numerous studies regarding cancer therapy have targeted Gas6 and TAM receptors with good results. However, some findings have suggested that Gas6 is associated with the development of resistance to cancer therapies. Concerning these significant effects of Gas6 in numerous cancers, we discuss the roles of Gas6 in cancer development in this review. First, we introduce basic knowledge on Gas6 and TAM receptors. Next, we describe and discuss the involvement of Gas6 and TAM receptors in cancers from different organ systems. Finally, we highlight the progress in therapies targeting Gas6 and TAM receptors. This review presents the significant roles of Gas6 in cancers from different systems and may contribute to the continued promotion of Gas6 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianyuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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28
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Choi YJ, Kim JH, Rho JK, Kim JS, Choi CM, Kim WS, Son J, Lee JC. AXL and MET receptor tyrosine kinases are essential for lung cancer metastasis. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2201-2208. [PMID: 28260071 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The AXL and MET receptors regulate key processes in tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance; thus, they have recently been implicated as promising therapeutic targets in various tumors. We investigated the metastatic potential and crosstalk between these receptors in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that the treatment of NSCLC cells with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), as ligands for MET and AXL, respectively, promoted their migration and invasion ability. However, treatment with inhibitors of each of these receptors significantly reduced the migratory and invasiveness of the cells, although their inhibitory rates varied according to the inhibition of each receptor. In addition, the suppression of each receptor by shRNA resulted in reduced migration and invasiveness. Notably, the suppression of AXL was more effective than the suppression of MET in the inhibition of migration and invasion. In accordance with in vitro results, when the cells were transferred via tail vein injection, AXL inhibition was more efficient in attenuating metastasis than MET inhibition. Clinically, AXL or MET expression is associated with a poor prognosis in primary tumors of NSCLC. In summary, AXL and MET can regulate tumor metastasis, but AXL was shown to be more potent than MET in lung metastasis. Thus, we conclude that AXL might be a suitable therapeutic target for the inhibition of lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Choi
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Kim
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
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Tagit O, Hildebrandt N. Fluorescence Sensing of Circulating Diagnostic Biomarkers Using Molecular Probes and Nanoparticles. ACS Sens 2017; 2:31-45. [PMID: 28722447 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of photonics, nanotechnology, and biochemistry has significantly improved the identification and characterization of multiple types of biomarkers by optical biosensors. Great achievements in fluorescence-based technologies have been realized, for example, by the advancement of multiplexing techniques or the introduction of nanoparticles to biochemical and clinical research. This review presents a concise overview of recent advances in fluorescence sensing techniques for the detection of circulating disease biomarkers. Detection principles of representative approaches, including fluorescence detection using molecular fluorophores, quantum dots, and metallic and silica nanoparticles, are explained and illustrated by pertinent examples from the recent literature. Advanced detection technologies and material development play a major role in modern biosensing and consistently provide significant improvements toward robust, sensitive, and versatile platforms for early detection of circulating diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Tagit
- NanoBioPhotonics
(nanofret.com), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay, France
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
(nanofret.com), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay, France
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Abstract
The reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) is to use highly specific antibodies to interrogate pan or posttranslationally modified protein targets, such as phosphorylated proteins, particularly the proteins involved in cell signaling pathways. In this protocol we will cover the preparation of cell (or tissue) lysates, sample printing, antibody validation, antibody interrogation, signal amplification steps, imaging and data analysis. In this protocol, colorimetric catalyzed signal amplification (CSA) chemistry, fluorescence and near-infrared (NIR) based detection methods will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zuan-Tao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Hongting Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
- National Pharmacology Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, Basic Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mikala Heon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA.
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Antony J, Tan TZ, Kelly Z, Low J, Choolani M, Recchi C, Gabra H, Thiery JP, Huang RYJ. The GAS6-AXL signaling network is a mesenchymal (Mes) molecular subtype-specific therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra97. [PMID: 27703030 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf8175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a complex disease with heterogeneity among the gene expression molecular subtypes (GEMS) between patients. Patients with tumors of a mesenchymal ("Mes") subtype have a poorer prognosis than patients with tumors of an epithelial ("Epi") subtype. We evaluated GEMS of ovarian cancer patients for molecular signaling profiles and assessed how the differences in these profiles could be leveraged to improve patient clinical outcome. Kinome enrichment analysis identified AXL as a particularly abundant kinase in Mes-subtype tumor tissue and cell lines. In Mes cells, upon activation by its ligand GAS6, AXL coclustered with and transactivated the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) cMET, EGFR, and HER2, producing sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. In Epi-A cells, AXL was less abundant and induced a transient activation of ERK without evidence of RTK transactivation. AXL-RTK crosstalk also stimulated sustained activation of the transcription factor FRA1, which correlated with the induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factor SLUG and stimulation of motility exclusively in Mes-subtype cells. The AXL inhibitor R428 attenuated RTK and ERK activation and reduced cell motility in Mes cells in culture and reduced tumor growth in a chick chorioallantoic membrane model. A higher concentration of R428 was needed to inhibit ERK activation and cell motility in Epi-A cells. Silencing AXL in Mes-subtype cells reversed the mesenchymal phenotype in culture and abolished tumor formation in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Thus, AXL-targeted therapy may improve clinical outcome for patients with Mes-subtype ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Antony
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore. NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W120NN, U.K
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Zoe Kelly
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W120NN, U.K
| | - Jeffrey Low
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chiara Recchi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W120NN, U.K
| | - Hani Gabra
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W120NN, U.K
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore. Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore. Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Moerke N, Fallahi-Sichani M. Reverse Phase Protein Arrays for Compound Profiling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8:179-196. [PMID: 27622568 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPAs), also called reverse phase lysate arrays (RPLAs), involve immobilizing cell or tissue lysates, in small spots, onto solid supports which are then probed with primary antibodies specific for proteins or post-translational modifications of interest. RPPA assays are well suited for large-scale, high-throughput measurement of protein and PTM levels in cells and tissues. RPPAs are affordable and highly multiplexable, as a large number of arrays can readily be produced in parallel and then probed separately with distinct primary antibodies. This article describes a procedure for treating cells and preparing cell lysates, as well as a procedure for generating RPPAs using these lysates. A method for probing, imaging, and analyzing RPPAs is also described. These procedures are readily adaptable to a wide range of studies of cell signaling in response to drugs and other perturbations. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Moerke
- Harvard Medical School-ICCB-Longwood Screening Facility, Boston, Massachusetts
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Biau J, Chautard E, Court F, Pereira B, Verrelle P, Devun F, De Koning L, Dutreix M. Global Conservation of Protein Status between Cell Lines and Xenografts. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:313-21. [PMID: 27567954 PMCID: PMC5006813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Common preclinical models for testing anticancer treatment include cultured human tumor cell lines in monolayer, and xenografts derived from these cell lines in immunodeficient mice. Our goal was to determine how similar the xenografts are compared with their original cell line and to determine whether it is possible to predict the stability of a xenograft model beforehand. We studied a selection of 89 protein markers of interest in 14 human cell cultures and respective subcutaneous xenografts using the reverse-phase protein array technology. We specifically focused on proteins and posttranslational modifications involved in DNA repair, PI3K pathway, apoptosis, tyrosine kinase signaling, stress, cell cycle, MAPK/ERK signaling, SAPK/JNK signaling, NFκB signaling, and adhesion/cytoskeleton. Using hierarchical clustering, most cell culture-xenograft pairs cluster together, suggesting a global conservation of protein signature. Particularly, Akt, NFkB, EGFR, and Vimentin showed very stable protein expression and phosphorylation levels highlighting that 4 of 10 pathways were highly correlated whatever the model. Other proteins were heterogeneously conserved depending on the cell line. Finally, cell line models with low Akt pathway activation and low levels of Vimentin gave rise to more reliable xenograft models. These results may be useful for the extrapolation of cell culture experiments to in vivo models in novel targeted drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Biau
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 91400 Orsay/75248 Paris, France; UMR3347, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91400 Orsay, France; U1021, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 91400 Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France; Clermont Auvergne University, EA7283 CREaT, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Radiotherapy Department, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA7283 CREaT, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Radiotherapy Department, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frank Court
- U1103, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UMR 6293, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Auvergne University, GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Department, DRCI, Clermont-Ferrand Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, 63003, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 91400 Orsay/75248 Paris, France; UMR3347, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91400 Orsay, France; U1021, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 91400 Orsay, France; Clermont Auvergne University, EA7283 CREaT, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Radiotherapy Department, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Flavien Devun
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 91400 Orsay/75248 Paris, France; DNA Therapeutics, Evry, Paris, France
| | - Leanne De Koning
- Institut Curie, Department of Translational Research, RPPA platform,75248 Paris cedex05, France
| | - Marie Dutreix
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 91400 Orsay/75248 Paris, France; UMR3347, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91400 Orsay, France; U1021, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 91400 Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
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35
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Jiang G, Zhang S, Yazdanparast A, Li M, Pawar AV, Liu Y, Inavolu SM, Cheng L. Comprehensive comparison of molecular portraits between cell lines and tumors in breast cancer. BMC Genomics 2016; 17 Suppl 7:525. [PMID: 27556158 PMCID: PMC5001206 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proper cell models for breast cancer primary tumors have long been the focal point in the cancer’s research. The genomic comparison between cell lines and tumors can investigate the similarity and dissimilarity and help to select right cell model to mimic tumor tissues to properly evaluate the drug reaction in vitro. In this paper, a comprehensive comparison in copy number variation (CNV), mutation, mRNA expression and protein expression between 68 breast cancer cell lines and 1375 primary breast tumors is conducted and presented. Results Using whole genome expression arrays, strong correlations were observed between cells and tumors. PAM50 gene expression differentiated them into four major breast cancer subtypes: Luminal A and B, HER2amp, and Basal-like in both cells and tumors partially. Genomic CNVs patterns were observed between tumors and cells across chromosomes in general. High C > T and C > G trans-version rates were observed in both cells and tumors, while the cells had slightly higher somatic mutation rates than tumors. Clustering analysis on protein expression data can reasonably recover the breast cancer subtypes in cell lines and tumors. Although the drug-targeted proteins ER/PR and interesting mTOR/GSK3/TS2/PDK1/ER_P118 cluster had shown the consistent patterns between cells and tumor, low protein-based correlations were observed between cells and tumors. The expression consistency of mRNA verse protein between cell line and tumors reaches 0.7076. These important drug targets in breast cancer, ESR1, PGR, HER2, EGFR and AR have a high similarity in mRNA and protein variation in both tumors and cell lines. GATA3 and RP56KB1 are two promising drug targets for breast cancer. A total score developed from the four correlations among four molecular profiles suggests that cell lines, BT483, T47D and MDAMB453 have the highest similarity with tumors. Conclusions The integrated data from across these multiple platforms demonstrates the existence of the similarity and dissimilarity of molecular features between breast cancer tumors and cell lines. The cell lines only mirror some but not all of the molecular properties of primary tumors. The study results add more evidence in selecting cell line models for breast cancer research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2911-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglong Jiang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Aida Yazdanparast
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Aniruddha Vikram Pawar
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sai Mounika Inavolu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lijun Cheng
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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36
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Day EK, Sosale NG, Lazzara MJ. Cell signaling regulation by protein phosphorylation: a multivariate, heterogeneous, and context-dependent process. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:185-192. [PMID: 27393828 PMCID: PMC4975652 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper spatiotemporal regulation of protein phosphorylation in cells and tissues is required for normal development and homeostasis, but aberrant protein phosphorylation regulation leads to various diseases. The study of signaling regulation by protein phosphorylation is complicated in part by the sheer scope of the kinome and phosphoproteome, dependence of signaling protein functionality on cellular localization, and the complex multivariate relationships that exist between protein phosphorylation dynamics and the cellular phenotypes they control. Additional complexities arise from the ability of microenvironmental factors to influence phosphorylation-dependent signaling and from the tendency for some signaling processes to occur heterogeneously among cells. These considerations should be taken into account when measuring cell signaling regulation by protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Day
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nisha G Sosale
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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37
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White FM, Wolf-Yadlin A. Methods for the Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation-Mediated Cellular Signaling Networks. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:295-315. [PMID: 27049636 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation-mediated cellular signaling networks regulate almost all aspects of cell biology, including the responses to cellular stimulation and environmental alterations. These networks are highly complex and comprise hundreds of proteins and potentially thousands of phosphorylation sites. Multiple analytical methods have been developed over the past several decades to identify proteins and protein phosphorylation sites regulating cellular signaling, and to quantify the dynamic response of these sites to different cellular stimulation. Here we provide an overview of these methods, including the fundamental principles governing each method, their relative strengths and weaknesses, and some examples of how each method has been applied to the analysis of complex signaling networks. When applied correctly, each of these techniques can provide insight into the topology, dynamics, and regulation of protein phosphorylation signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forest M White
- Department of Biological Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139;
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38
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Hinchliffe TE, Lin ZT, Wu T. Protein arrays for biomarker discovery in lupus. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:625-34. [PMID: 26684273 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lupus is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, yet many mechanisms of its pathogenesis are not fully known. Over the last few years, advances in protein array technology have accelerated rapidly, resulting in many promising insights toward the discovery of novel lupus biomarkers that may become useful in disease diagnosis and management. Still, only two types of analytical protein arrays thus far, being antibody and antigen arrays, have found notable usage toward lupus biomarker discovery. In this review, we summarize current protein array technologies being used for biomarker discoveries in lupus and associated biomarker findings, as well as protein arrays that are likely to be used for lupus biomarker discovery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Hinchliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zuan-Tao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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39
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He N, Kim N, Jeong E, Lu Y, Mills GB, Yoon S. Glucose starvation induces mutation and lineage-dependent adaptive responses in a large collection of cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:67-72. [PMID: 26573869 PMCID: PMC4734611 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerance of glucose deprivation is an important factor for cancer proliferation, survival, migration and progression. To systematically understand adaptive responses under glucose starvation in cancers, we analyzed reverse phase protein array (RPPA) data of 115 protein antibodies across a panel of approximately 170 heterogeneous cancer cell lines, cultured under normal and low glucose conditions. In general, glucose starvation broadly altered levels of many of the proteins and phosphoproteins assessed across the cell lines. Many mTOR pathway components were selectively sensitive to glucose stress, although the change in their levels still varied greatly across the cell line set. Furthermore, lineage- and genotype-based classification of cancer cell lines revealed mutation-specific variation of protein expression and phosphorylation in response to glucose starvation. Decreased AKT phosphorylation (S473) was significantly associated with PTEN mutation under glucose starvation conditions in lung cancer cell lines. The present study (see TCPAportal.org for data resource) provides insight into adaptive responses to glucose deprivation under diverse cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna Jeong
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiling Lu
- Systems Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Systems Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Sukjoon Yoon
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
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Kalimutho M, Parsons K, Mittal D, López JA, Srihari S, Khanna KK. Targeted Therapies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Combating a Stubborn Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:822-846. [PMID: 26538316 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) constitute a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancers that have a poor clinical outcome. Although no approved targeted therapy is available for TNBCs, molecular-profiling efforts have revealed promising molecular targets, with several candidate compounds having now entered clinical trials for TNBC patients. However, initial results remain modest, thereby highlighting challenges potentially involving intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity and acquisition of therapy resistance. We present a comprehensive review on emerging targeted therapies for treating TNBCs, including the promising approach of immunotherapy and the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We discuss the impact of pathway rewiring in the acquisition of drug resistance, and the prospect of employing combination therapy strategies to overcome challenges towards identifying clinically-viable targeted treatment options for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Kalimutho
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Kate Parsons
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 411, Australia
| | - Deepak Mittal
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - J Alejandro López
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 411, Australia; Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sriganesh Srihari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 411, Australia.
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Targeting MET and AXL overcomes resistance to sunitinib therapy in renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2015; 35:2687-97. [PMID: 26364599 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy resistance occurs frequently in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of resistance to sunitinib, an antiangiogenic small molecule, and to exploit this mechanism therapeutically. We hypothesized that sunitinib-induced upregulation of the prometastatic MET and AXL receptors is associated with resistance to sunitinib and with more aggressive tumor behavior. In the present study, tissue microarrays containing sunitinib-treated and untreated RCC tissues were stained with MET and AXL antibodies. The low malignant RCC cell line 786-O was chronically treated with sunitinib and assayed for AXL, MET, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein expression and activation. Co-culture experiments were used to examine the effect of sunitinib pretreatment on endothelial cell growth. The effects of AXL and MET were evaluated in various cell-based models by short hairpin RNA or inhibition by cabozantinib, the multi-tyrosine kinases inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, MET and AXL. Xenograft mouse models tested the ability of cabozantinib to rescue sunitinib resistance. We demonstrated that increased AXL and MET expression was associated with inferior clinical outcome in patients. Chronic sunitinib treatment of RCC cell lines activated both AXL and MET, induced EMT-associated gene expression changes, including upregulation of Snail and β-catenin, and increased cell migration and invasion. Pretreatment with sunitinib enhanced angiogenesis in 786-0/human umbilical vein endothelial cell co-culture models. The suppression of AXL or MET expression and the inhibition of AXL and MET activation using cabozantinib both impaired chronic sunitinib treatment-induced prometastatic behavior in cell culture and rescued acquired resistance to sunitinib in xenograft models. In summary, chronic sunitinib treatment induces the activation of AXL and MET signaling and promotes prometastatic behavior and angiogenesis. The inhibition of AXL and MET activity may overcome resistance induced by prolonged sunitinib therapy in metastatic RCC.
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Abstract
Cell signaling pathways control cells' responses to their environment through an intricate network of proteins and small molecules partitioned by intracellular structures, such as the cytoskeleton and nucleus. Our understanding of these pathways has been revised recently with the advent of more advanced experimental techniques; no longer are signaling pathways viewed as linear cascades of information flowing from membrane-bound receptors to the nucleus. Instead, such pathways must be understood in the context of networks, and studying such networks requires an integration of computational and experimental approaches. This understanding is becoming more important in designing novel therapies for diseases such as cancer. Using the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and PI3K (class I phosphoinositide-3' kinase) pathways as case studies of cellular signaling, we give an overview of these pathways and their functions. We then describe, using a number of case studies, how computational modeling has aided in understanding these pathways' deregulation in cancer, and how such understanding can be used to optimally tailor current therapies or help design new therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Current address: Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, United Kingdom;
| | - Aidan MacNamara
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, United Kingdom;
| | - Simon Cook
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom;
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Abstract
Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) technology evolved from the advent of miniaturized immunoassays and gene microarray technology. Reverse phase protein arrays provide either a low throughput or high throughput methodology for quantifying proteins and their post-translationally modified forms in both cellular and non-cellular samples. As the demand for patient tailored therapies increases so does the need for precise and sensitive technology to accurately profile the molecular circuitry driving an individual patient's disease. RPPAs are currently utilized in clinical trials for profiling and comparing the functional state of protein signaling pathways, either temporally within tumors, between patients, or within the same patients before/after treatment. RPPAs are generally employed for quantifying large numbers of samples on one array, under identical experimental conditions. However, the goal of personalized cancer medicine is to design therapies based on the molecular portrait of a patient's tumor, which in turn result in more efficacious treatments with less toxicity. Therefore, RPPAs are also being validated for low throughput assays of individual patient samples. This review explores RPPA technology in the cancer research field, concentrating on its role as a fundamental tool for deciphering protein signaling networks and its emerging role in personalized medicine.
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Bader S, Zajac M, Friess T, Ruge E, Rieder N, Gierke B, Heubach Y, Thomas M, Pawlak M. Evaluation of Protein Profiles From Treated Xenograft Tumor Models Identifies an Antibody Panel for Formalin-fixed and Paraffin-embedded (FFPE) Tissue Analysis by Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA). Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2775-85. [PMID: 26106084 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o114.045542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) are an established tool for measuring the expression and activation status of multiple proteins in parallel using only very small amounts of tissue. Several studies have demonstrated the value of this technique for signaling pathway analysis using proteins extracted from fresh frozen (FF) tissue in line with validated antibodies for this tissue type; however, formalin fixation and paraffin embedding (FFPE) is the standard method for tissue preservation in the clinical setting. Hence, we performed RPPA to measure profiles for a set of 300 protein markers using matched FF and FFPE tissue specimens to identify which markers performed similarly using the RPPA technique in fixed and unfixed tissues. Protein lysates were prepared from matched FF and FFPE tissue specimens of individual tumors taken from three different xenograft models of human cancer. Materials from both untreated mice and mice treated with either anti-HER3 or bispecific anti-IGF-1R/EGFR monoclonal antibodies were analyzed. Correlations between signals from FF and FFPE tissue samples were investigated. Overall, 60 markers were identified that produced comparable profiles between FF and FFPE tissues, demonstrating significant correlation between the two sample types. The top 25 markers also showed significance after correction for multiple testing. The panel of markers covered several clinically relevant tumor signaling pathways and both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated proteins were represented. Biologically relevant changes in marker expression were noted when RPPA profiles from treated and untreated xenografts were compared. These data demonstrate that, using appropriately selected antibodies, RPPA analysis from FFPE tissue is well feasible and generates biologically meaningful information. The identified panel of markers that generate similar profiles in matched fixed and unfixed tissue samples may be clinically useful for pharmacodynamic studies of drug effect using FFPE tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Bader
- From the ‡Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Zajac
- §Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Welwyn, 6 Falcon Way, Shire Park, Welwyn Garden City, Herts, AL7 1TW, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Friess
- From the ‡Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ruge
- From the ‡Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Natascha Rieder
- From the ‡Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Berthold Gierke
- ¶Department Biochemistry & Protein Profiling, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Heubach
- ¶Department Biochemistry & Protein Profiling, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Marlene Thomas
- ‖Roche Pharma AG, Emil-Barell-Str. 1, 79639, Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlak
- ¶Department Biochemistry & Protein Profiling, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany;
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Eedunuri VK, Rajapakshe K, Fiskus W, Geng C, Chew SA, Foley C, Shah SS, Shou J, Mohamed JS, Coarfa C, O'Malley BW, Mitsiades N. miR-137 Targets p160 Steroid Receptor Coactivators SRC1, SRC2, and SRC3 and Inhibits Cell Proliferation. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1170-83. [PMID: 26066330 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The p160 family of steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) are pleiotropic transcription factor coactivators and "master regulators" of gene expression that promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Cancers with high p160 SRC expression exhibit poor clinical outcomes and resistance to therapy, highlighting the SRCs as critical oncogenic drivers and, thus, therapeutic targets. microRNAs are important epigenetic regulators of protein expression. To examine the regulation of p160 SRCs by microRNAs, we used and combined 4 prediction algorithms to identify microRNAs that could target SRC1, SRC2, and SRC3 expression. For validation of these predictions, we assessed p160 SRC protein expression and cell viability after transfection of corresponding microRNA mimetics in breast cancer, uveal melanoma, and prostate cancer (PC) cell lines. Transfection of selected microRNA mimetics into breast cancer, uveal melanoma, and PC cells depleted SRC protein expression levels and exerted potent antiproliferative activity in these cell types. In particular, microRNA-137 (miR-137) depleted expression of SRC1, SRC2, and very potently, SRC3. The latter effect can be attributed to the presence of 3 miR-137 recognition sequences within the SRC3 3'-untranslated region. Using reverse phase protein array analysis, we identified a network of proteins, in addition to SRC3, that were modulated by miR-137 in PC cells. We also found that miR-137 and its host gene are epigenetically silenced in human cancer specimens and cell lines. These results support the development and testing of microRNA-based therapies (in particular based on restoring miR-137 levels) for targeting the oncogenic family of p160 SRCs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Eedunuri
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Warren Fiskus
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Chuandong Geng
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sue Anne Chew
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Christopher Foley
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Shrijal S Shah
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - John Shou
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Junaith S Mohamed
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Fallahi-Sichani M, Moerke NJ, Niepel M, Zhang T, Gray NS, Sorger PK. Systematic analysis of BRAF(V600E) melanomas reveals a role for JNK/c-Jun pathway in adaptive resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:797. [PMID: 25814555 PMCID: PMC4380931 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that inhibit RAF/MEK signaling, such as vemurafenib, elicit profound but often temporary anti-tumor responses in patients with BRAFV600E melanoma. Adaptive responses to RAF/MEK inhibition occur on a timescale of hours to days, involve homeostatic responses that reactivate MAP kinase signaling and compensatory mitogenic pathways, and attenuate the anti-tumor effects of RAF/MEK inhibitors. We profile adaptive responses across a panel of melanoma cell lines using multiplex biochemical measurement, single-cell assays, and statistical modeling and show that adaptation involves at least six signaling cascades that act to reduce drug potency (IC50) and maximal effect (i.e., Emax ≪ 1). Among these cascades, we identify a role for JNK/c-Jun signaling in vemurafenib adaptation and show that RAF and JNK inhibitors synergize in cell killing. This arises because JNK inhibition prevents a subset of cells in a cycling population from becoming quiescent upon vemurafenib treatment, thereby reducing drug Emax. Our findings demonstrate the breadth and diversity of adaptive responses to RAF/MEK inhibition and a means to identify which steps in a signaling cascade are most predictive of phenotypic response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan J Moerke
- HMS LINCS Center, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mario Niepel
- HMS LINCS Center, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- HMS LINCS Center, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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47
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Bagai R, Ma PC. Combined treatment with MET inhibitors and other therapies in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 1:214-8. [PMID: 25806183 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2012.09.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bagai
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA ; ; Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Patrick C Ma
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA ; ; Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA ; ; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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48
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Gujral TS, Chan M, Peshkin L, Sorger PK, Kirschner MW, MacBeath G. A noncanonical Frizzled2 pathway regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Cell 2015; 159:844-56. [PMID: 25417160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a critical role in embryonic development, and genetic aberrations in this network have been broadly implicated in colorectal cancer. We find that the Wnt receptor Frizzled2 (Fzd2) and its ligands Wnt5a/b are elevated in metastatic liver, lung, colon, and breast cancer cell lines and in high-grade tumors and that their expression correlates with markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Pharmacologic and genetic perturbations reveal that Fzd2 drives EMT and cell migration through a previously unrecognized, noncanonical pathway that includes Fyn and Stat3. A gene signature regulated by this pathway predicts metastasis and overall survival in patients. We have developed an antibody to Fzd2 that reduces cell migration and invasion and inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in xenografts. We propose that targeting this pathway could provide benefit for patients with tumors expressing high levels of Fzd2 and Wnt5a/b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjit S Gujral
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Warren Alpert 524, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Chan
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Warren Alpert 524, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonid Peshkin
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Warren Alpert 524, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Warren Alpert 524, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marc W Kirschner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Warren Alpert 524, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gavin MacBeath
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Warren Alpert 524, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abduljabbar R, Negm OH, Lai CF, Jerjees DA, Al-Kaabi M, Hamed MR, Tighe PJ, Buluwela L, Mukherjee A, Green AR, Ali S, Rakha EA, Ellis IO. Clinical and biological significance of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:335-46. [PMID: 25762479 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, which exerts anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic activities. The GR is expressed in a large proportion of breast cancer (BC) although levels generally decrease during cancer progression. This study aimed to determine the clinical and biological significance of GR expression using a large series of early-stage BC with long-term follow-up and BC cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of GR in 999 cases of primary invasive BC prepared as tissue microarrays. Reverse phase protein microarray was used to assess the expression of GR in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Nuclear expression of GR was observed in 61.6 % of breast tumours and was associated with features of good prognosis including smaller tumour size and lower grade with less pleomorphism and low mitotic count. GR expression was positively correlated with expression of oestrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors. In ER-positive tumours, GR was associated with other features of favourable outcome including FOXA1, GATA3 and BEX1 expression, while low GR expression was associated with high Ki67, p53 and CD71 expression. GR expression is associated with features of good outcome but does not provide prognostic information independent of size, stage and grade. Understanding the receptor and its effects on BC behaviour is essential for avoiding any unwanted effects from the use of glucocorticoids in routine oncology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Abduljabbar
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, Department of Histopathology, The University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK,
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Abstract
All of life is regulated by complex and organized chemical reactions that help dictate when to grow, to move, to reproduce, and to die. When these processes go awry, or are interrupted by pathological agents, diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, or infections can result. Cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adipokines, and other chemical moieties make up a vast subset of these chemical reactions that are altered in disease states, and monitoring changes in these molecules could provide for the identification of disease biomarkers. From the first identification of carcinoembryonic antigen, to the discovery of prostate-specific antigen, to numerous others described within, biomarkers of disease are detectable in a plethora of sample types. The growing number of biomarkers for infection, autoimmunity, and cancer allow for increasingly early detection, to identification of novel drug targets, to prognostic indicators of disease outcome. However, more and more studies are finding that a single cytokine or growth factor is insufficient as a true disease biomarker and that a more global perspective is needed to understand true disease biology. Such a broad view requires a multiplexed platform for chemical detection, and antibody arrays meet and exceed this need by performing this detection in a high-throughput fashion. Herein, we will discuss how antibody arrays have evolved, and how they have helped direct new drug target design, helped identify therapeutic disease markers, and helped in earlier disease detection. From asthma to renal disease, and neurological dysfunction to immunologic disorders, antibody arrays afford a bright future for new biomarkers discovery.
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