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Rodriguez-Acevedo AJ, Antonsson A, Liyanage UE, Hughes MC, Gordon S, van der Pols J, Green AC. Associations of keratinocyte cancers with snp variants in the sonic hedgehog pathway. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:490. [PMID: 35505292 PMCID: PMC9063108 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway dysregulation is implicated in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) development. To evaluate the possible wider role of SHH gene variants in skin carcinogenesis, we assessed associations of genes in the SHH pathway with lifetime development of any keratinocyte cancer (KC), and with developing either BCCs or squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) exclusively, in a 25-year prospective, population-based study of 1,621 Australians. METHODS We genotyped 795 unrelated adults with available blood samples: 311 cases with any KC (186 developing BCCs-only, 55 SCCs-only, 70 BCCs and SCCs) and 484 controls. We compared allele frequencies of 158 independent SNPs across 43 SHH genes between cases and controls, and performed a gene-based analysis. RESULTS We found associations between SNP rs4848627 (GLI2) (related to DNA synthesis in keratinocytes) and development of any KC (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.06-2.13, P < 0.01) and SCCs exclusively (OR = 2.12; 95%CI = 1.39-3.23, P < 0.01). SNP rs3217882 located in CCND2 was associated with exclusive BCC development (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.12-1.82, P < 0.01). The gene-based analysis suggested an association of PRKACG (protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit gamma) with any KC (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION We conclude that variants located in genes in the SHH pathway may are involved in SCC as well as BCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid J Rodriguez-Acevedo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Annika Antonsson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Upekha E Liyanage
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Maria Celia Hughes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Scott Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Jolieke van der Pols
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adele C Green
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. .,CRUK Manchester Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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2
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Avery JT, Zhang R, Boohaker RJ. GLI1: A Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:673154. [PMID: 34113570 PMCID: PMC8186314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GLI1 is a transcriptional effector at the terminal end of the Hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway and is tightly regulated during embryonic development and tissue patterning/differentiation. GLI1 has low-level expression in differentiated tissues, however, in certain cancers, aberrant activation of GLI1 has been linked to the promotion of numerous hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolic rewiring, and chemotherapeutic resistance. All of these are driven, in part, by GLI1’s role in regulating cell cycle, DNA replication and DNA damage repair processes. The consequences of GLI1 oncogenic activity, specifically the activity surrounding DNA damage repair proteins, such as NBS1, and cell cycle proteins, such as CDK1, can be linked to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms driving GLI1 dysregulation can provide prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers to identify a patient population that would derive therapeutic benefit from either direct inhibition of GLI1 or targeted therapy towards proteins downstream of GLI1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Avery
- Oncology Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca J Boohaker
- Oncology Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Sala M, Gonzales D, Leste‐Lasserre T, Dugot‐Senant N, Paradis V, Di Tommaso S, Dupuy J, Pitard V, Dourthe C, Sciarra A, Sempoux C, Ferrell LD, Clouston AD, Miller G, Yeh MM, Thung S, Gouw AS, Quaglia A, Han J, Huan J, Fan C, Crawford J, Nakanuma Y, Harada K, le Bail B, Castain C, Frulio N, Trillaud H, Possenti L, Blanc J, Chiche L, Laurent C, Balabaud C, Bioulac‐Sage P, Raymond AA, Saltel F. ASS1 Overexpression: A Hallmark of Sonic Hedgehog Hepatocellular Adenomas; Recommendations for Clinical Practice. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:809-824. [PMID: 32490318 PMCID: PMC7262286 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, 10% of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) remained unclassified (UHCA). Among the UHCAs, the sonic hedgehog HCA (shHCA) was defined by focal deletions that fuse the promoter of Inhibin beta E chain with GLI1. Prostaglandin D2 synthase was proposed as immunomarker. In parallel, our previous work using proteomic analysis showed that most UHCAs constitute a homogeneous subtype associated with overexpression of argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1). To clarify the use of ASS1 in the HCA classification and avoid misinterpretations of the immunohistochemical staining, the aims of this work were to study (1) the link between shHCA and ASS1 overexpression and (2) the clinical relevance of ASS1 overexpression for diagnosis. Molecular, proteomic, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in UHCA cases of the Bordeaux series. The clinico‐pathological features, including ASS1 immunohistochemical labeling, were analyzed on a large international series of 67 cases. ASS1 overexpression and the shHCA subgroup were superimposed in 15 cases studied by molecular analysis, establishing ASS1 overexpression as a hallmark of shHCA. Moreover, the ASS1 immunomarker was better than prostaglandin D2 synthase and only found positive in 7 of 22 shHCAs. Of the 67 UHCA cases, 58 (85.3%) overexpressed ASS1, four cases were ASS1 negative, and in five cases ASS1 was noncontributory. Proteomic analysis performed in the case of doubtful interpretation of ASS1 overexpression, especially on biopsies, can be a support to interpret such cases. ASS1 overexpression is a specific hallmark of shHCA known to be at high risk of bleeding. Therefore, ASS1 is an additional tool for HCA classification and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Sala
- BaRITOn Bordeaux Research in Translational OncologyUniversity of BordeauxINSERMUMR1053BordeauxFrance
| | | | | | | | - Valérie Paradis
- INSERM; APHP, Pathology DepartmentBeaujon HospitalUniversité de Paris Hopital BeaujonClichyFrance
| | - Sylvaine Di Tommaso
- BaRITOn Bordeaux Research in Translational OncologyUniversity of BordeauxINSERMUMR1053BordeauxFrance
- Plateforme OncoprotTBM‐Core US 005BordeauxFrance
| | - Jean‐William Dupuy
- Plateforme ProtéomeCentre de Génomique FonctionnelleUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Vincent Pitard
- ImmunoConceptCNRS UMR 5164University of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Cyril Dourthe
- BaRITOn Bordeaux Research in Translational OncologyUniversity of BordeauxINSERMUMR1053BordeauxFrance
- Plateforme OncoprotTBM‐Core US 005BordeauxFrance
| | - Amedeo Sciarra
- Service of Clinical PathologyInstitute of PathologyLausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Service of Clinical PathologyInstitute of PathologyLausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Andrew D. Clouston
- Centre for Liver Disease ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Gregory Miller
- Centre for Liver Disease ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Mathew M. Yeh
- University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA
| | - Swan Thung
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Annette S.H. Gouw
- Department of PathologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Alberto Quaglia
- Department of Cellular PathologyRoyal Free London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jing Han
- Department of PathologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ji Huan
- Department of PathologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cathy Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineHofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNY
| | - James Crawford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineHofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNY
| | | | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human PathologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaJapan
| | - Brigitte le Bail
- BaRITOn Bordeaux Research in Translational OncologyUniversity of BordeauxINSERMUMR1053BordeauxFrance
- Department of PathologyCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | - Nora Frulio
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Hervé Trillaud
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- EA ImotionUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Laurent Possenti
- Department of Hepatology and OncologyINSERM CIC1401CHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Jean‐Frédéric Blanc
- BaRITOn Bordeaux Research in Translational OncologyUniversity of BordeauxINSERMUMR1053BordeauxFrance
- Department of Hepatology and OncologyINSERM CIC1401CHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | | | - Charles Balabaud
- BaRITOn Bordeaux Research in Translational OncologyUniversity of BordeauxINSERMUMR1053BordeauxFrance
| | - Paulette Bioulac‐Sage
- BaRITOn Bordeaux Research in Translational OncologyUniversity of BordeauxINSERMUMR1053BordeauxFrance
| | - Anne Aurélie Raymond
- BaRITOn Bordeaux Research in Translational OncologyUniversity of BordeauxINSERMUMR1053BordeauxFrance
- Plateforme OncoprotTBM‐Core US 005BordeauxFrance
| | - Frédéric Saltel
- BaRITOn Bordeaux Research in Translational OncologyUniversity of BordeauxINSERMUMR1053BordeauxFrance
- Plateforme OncoprotTBM‐Core US 005BordeauxFrance
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Rahman MM, Hazan A, Selway JL, Herath DS, Harwood CA, Pirzado MS, Atkar R, Kelsell DP, Linton KJ, Philpott MP, Neill GW. A Novel Mechanism for Activation of GLI1 by Nuclear SMO That Escapes Anti-SMO Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2577-2588. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
The treatment options for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have recently been augmented with the introduction of novel chemotherapeutic drugs. New S2 guidelines on the disease have also been published. The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive state of the art description of the features of ocular BCC and an overview of the various therapeutic options. Particular emphasis is placed on the clinical signs, the diagnostic tools to identify periocular BCC and interpretation of the different histopathological subtypes. Tumor staging, TNM classification, interdisciplinary tumor conference reviews as well as psycho-oncological services play an important role in patients with pronounced periocular BCC. Surgical removal with a histological R0 resection is an important component of therapy options in this disease and includes the microsurgical excision into healthy tissue and the subsequent covering of the defect. A special focus of this article is the treatment of locally extensive and metastasized BCC.
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6
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Smits JPH, Niehues H, Rikken G, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, van de Zande GWHJF, Zeeuwen PLJM, Schalkwijk J, van den Bogaard EH. Immortalized N/TERT keratinocytes as an alternative cell source in 3D human epidermal models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11838. [PMID: 28928444 PMCID: PMC5605545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong societal urge to reduce the use of experimental animals, and the biological differences between rodent and human skin, have led to the development of alternative models for healthy and diseased human skin. However, the limited availability of primary keratinocytes to generate such models hampers large-scale implementation of skin models in biomedical, toxicological, and pharmaceutical research. Immortalized cell lines may overcome these issues, however, few immortalized human keratinocyte cell lines are available and most do not form a fully stratified epithelium. In this study we compared two immortalized keratinocyte cell lines (N/TERT1, N/TERT2G) to human primary keratinocytes based on epidermal differentiation, response to inflammatory mediators, and the development of normal and inflammatory human epidermal equivalents (HEEs). Stratum corneum permeability, epidermal morphology, and expression of epidermal differentiation and host defence genes and proteins in N/TERT-HEE cultures was similar to that of primary human keratinocytes. We successfully generated N/TERT-HEEs with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis features and validated these models for drug-screening purposes. We conclude that the N/TERT keratinocyte cell lines are useful substitutes for primary human keratinocytes thereby providing a biologically relevant, unlimited cell source for in vitro studies on epidermal biology, inflammatory skin disease pathogenesis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Rikken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M J J van Vlijmen-Willems
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume W H J F van de Zande
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Alter M, Hillen U, Leiter U, Sachse M, Gutzmer R. Current diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 13:863-74; quiz 875. [PMID: 26882375 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma represents is most common tumor in fair-skinned individuals. In Germany, age-standardized incidence rates are 63 (women) and 80 (men) per 100,000 population per year. Early lesions may be difficult to diagnose merely on clinical grounds. Here, noninvasive diagnostic tools such as optical coherence tomography and confocal laser scanning microscopy may be helpful. The clinical diagnosis is usually confirmed by histology. Standard therapy consists of complete excision with thorough histological examination, either by means of micrographic surgery or, depending on tumor size and location as well as infiltration, using surgical margins of 3-5 mm or more. In particular, multiple basal cell carcinomas (such as in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome) and locally advanced as well as rarely also metastatic basal cell carcinoma may pose a therapeutic challenge. In superficial basal cell carcinoma, nonsurgical therapies such as photodynamic therapy or topical agents may be considered. In case of locally advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma, an interdisciplinary tumor board should issue therapeutic recommendations. These include radiation therapy as well as systemic therapy with a hedgehog inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Alter
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Sachse
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Phlebology, Medical Center Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Skin Tumor Center Hanover, Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, Medical University Hanover, Hanover, Germany
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8
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Li C, Athar M. Ionizing Radiation Exposure and Basal Cell Carcinoma Pathogenesis. Radiat Res 2016; 185:217-28. [PMID: 26930381 DOI: 10.1667/rr4284.s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This commentary summarizes studies showing risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) development in relationship to environmental, occupational and therapeutic exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). BCC, the most common type of human cancer, is driven by the aberrant activation of hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Ptch, a tumor suppressor gene of Hh signaling pathway, and Smoothened play a key role in the development of radiation-induced BCCs in animal models. Epidemiological studies provide evidence that humans exposed to radiation as observed among the long-term, large scale cohorts of atomic bomb survivors, bone marrow transplant recipients, patients with tinea capitis and radiologic workers enhances risk of BCCs. Overall, this risk is higher in Caucasians than other races. People who were exposed early in life develop more BCCs. The enhanced IR correlation with BCC and not other common cutaneous malignancies is intriguing. The mechanism underlying these observations remains undefined. Understanding interactions between radiation-induced signaling pathways and those which drive BCC development may be important in unraveling the mechanism associated with this enhanced risk. Recent studies showed that Vismodegib, a Smoothened inhibitor, is effective in treating radiation-induced BCCs in humans, suggesting that common strategies are required for the intervention of BCCs development irrespective of their etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhao Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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9
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Aberrant GLI1 Activation in DNA Damage Response, Carcinogenesis and Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2330-51. [PMID: 26633513 PMCID: PMC4695894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical hedgehog (HH) pathway is a multicomponent signaling cascade (HH, protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1), smoothened (SMO)) that plays a pivotal role during embryonic development through activation of downstream effector molecules, namely glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), GLI2 and GLI3. Activation of GLIs must be tightly regulated as they modulate target genes which control tissue patterning, stem cell maintenance, and differentiation during development. However, dysregulation or mutations in HH signaling leads to genomic instability (GI) and various cancers, for example, germline mutation in PTCH1 lead to Gorlin syndrome, a condition where patients develop numerous basal cell carcinomas and rarely rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Activating mutations in SMO have also been recognized in sporadic cases of medulloblastoma and SMO is overexpressed in many other cancers. Recently, studies in several human cancers have shown that GLI1 expression is independent from HH ligand and canonical intracellular signaling through PTCH and SMO. In fact, this aberrantly regulated GLI1 has been linked to several non-canonical oncogenic growth signals such as Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), avian myelocytomatosis virus oncogene cellular homolog (C-MYC), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT) and β-catenin. Recent studies from our lab and other independent studies demonstrate that aberrantly expressed GLI1 influences the integrity of several DNA damage response and repair signals, and if altered, these networks can contribute to GI and impact tumor response to chemo- and radiation therapies. Furthermore, the ineffectiveness of SMO inhibitors in clinical studies argues for the development of GLI1-specific inhibitors in order to develop effective therapeutic modalities to treat these tumors. In this review, we focus on summarizing current understanding of the molecular, biochemical and cellular basis for aberrant GLI1 expression and discuss GLI1-mediated HH signaling on DNA damage responses, carcinogenesis and chemoresistance.
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10
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Alter M, Hillen U, Leiter U, Sachse M, Gutzmer R. Aktuelle Diagnostik und Behandlung des Basalzellkarzinoms. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.10_12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Alter
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Otto-von-Guericke- Universität Magdeburg
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Zentrum für Dermato-Onkologie, Universitäts-Hautklinik Tübingen
| | - Michael Sachse
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Phlebologie, Klinikum Bremerhaven
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Hauttumorzentrum Hannover, Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
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11
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Kim W, Kim E, Yang HJ, Kwon T, Han S, Lee S, Youn H, Jung Y, Kang C, Youn B. Inhibition of hedgehog signalling attenuates UVB-induced skin photoageing. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:611-7. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
- Nuclear Science Research Institute; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - EunGi Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - TaeWoo Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - SeoYoung Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
- Nuclear Science Research Institute; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry; Washington State University; Pullman Washington USA
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
- Nuclear Science Research Institute; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
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12
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Li N, Chen M, Truong S, Yan C, Buttyan R. Determinants of Gli2 co-activation of wildtype and naturally truncated androgen receptors. Prostate 2014; 74:1400-10. [PMID: 25132524 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gli2, a transcription factor in the Hedgehog pathway, is overexpressed in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). Previously we showed that Gli2 overexpression increased transcriptional activity of androgen receptor (AR) and conferred androgen growth-independence to normally growth-dependent PCa cells. Here we localized the regions of AR-Gli2 protein interaction and determined the domains within Gli2 needed for AR co-activation. METHODS Co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pulldown assays were used to define AR-Gli binding domains. Co-activation assays using androgen-responsive promoter reporters were used to define Gli2 regions needed for AR co-activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to confirm nuclear interactions of Gli2 with AR in PCa cells. RESULTS The Gli2 C-terminal domain (CTD) is sufficient for AR co-activation. Two elements within the CTD were required: (1) an AR binding domain within aa628-897; and (2) at least part of the Gli2 transactivation domain within aa1252-1586. In turn, Gli2 binds the tau5/AF5 ligand-independent activation domain in the AR N-terminus. Mutations in the WxxLF motif in tau5/AF5 greatly diminished binding to Gli2-CTD. Gli2 interaction with AR tau5/AF5 was further substantiated by the ability of Gli2/Gli2-CTD to co-activate truncated AR splice variants (AR-V7/ARV567es). ChIP assays confirmed that Gli2 associates with chromatin at androgen response elements found near androgen-responsive genes in LNCaP cells. These assays also showed that AR associates with chromatin containing a Gli-response element near a Gli-responsive gene. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that Gli2 overexpression in PCa cells might support development of castration resistant PCa through AR co-activation and suggests that AR might modulate transcription from Gli2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Tripathi K, Mani C, Barnett R, Nalluri S, Bachaboina L, Rocconi RP, Athar M, Owen LB, Palle K. Gli1 protein regulates the S-phase checkpoint in tumor cells via Bid protein, and its inhibition sensitizes to DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31513-25. [PMID: 25253693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.606483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of hedgehog molecules, particularly Gli1, is common in cancers of many tissues and is responsible for their aggressive behavior and chemoresistance. Here we demonstrate a novel and tumor-specific role for aberrant Gli1 in the regulation of the S-phase checkpoint that suppresses replication stress and resistance to chemotherapy. Inhibition of Gli1 in tumor cells induced replication stress-mediated DNA damage response, attenuated their clonogenic potential, abrogated camptothecin (CPT)-induced Chk1 phosphorylation, and potentiated its cytotoxicity. However, in normal fibroblasts, Gli1 siRNAs showed no significant changes in CPT-induced Chk1 phosphorylation. Further analysis of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR)/Chk1 signaling cascade genes in tumor cells revealed an unexpected mechanism whereby Gli1 regulates ATR-mediated Chk1 phosphorylation by transcriptional regulation of the BH3-only protein Bid. Consistent with its role in DNA damage response, Bid down-regulation in tumor cells abolished CPT-induced Chk1 phosphorylation and sensitized them to CPT. Correspondingly, Gli1 inhibition affected the expression of Bid and the association of replication protein A (RPA) with the ATR- interacting protein (ATRIP)-ATR complex, and this compromised the S-phase checkpoint. Conversely, complementation of Bid in Gli1-deficient cells restored CPT-induced Chk1 phosphorylation. An in silico analysis of the Bid promoter identified a putative Gli1 binding site, and further studies using luciferase reporter assays confirmed Gli1-dependent promoter activity. Collectively, our studies established a novel connection between aberrant Gli1 and Bid in the survival of tumor cells and their response to chemotherapy, at least in part, by regulating the S-phase checkpoint. Importantly, our data suggest a novel drug combination of Gli1 and Top1 inhibitors as an effective therapeutic strategy in treating tumors that expresses Gli1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushlendra Tripathi
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Chinnadurai Mani
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Reagan Barnett
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Sriram Nalluri
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Lavanya Bachaboina
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Rodney P Rocconi
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Mohammed Athar
- the Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Laurie B Owen
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
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14
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Zhu W, Liu Y, Hu K, Li W, Chen J, Li J, Yang G, Wu J, Liang X, Fu C, Hu Q. Vitronectin [correction of Vitronetcin] promotes cell growth and inhibits apoptotic stimuli in a human hepatoma cell line via the activation of caspases. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:363-8. [PMID: 24784470 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to understand the effects of vitronectin (VTN) on the growth of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells. In addition, this study examined how VTN inhibits the induction of apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells by 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), a metabolite of natural phytochemicals, and preliminarily investigated the signaling molecules involved in this process. A cell proliferation reagent was used to observe the effects of VTN on cell proliferation rates. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was performed to observe the effects of VTN on the morphology of tubulin, a component of the cytoskeleton. Flow cytometry and Western blotting assays were used to observe the inhibitory effects of VTN on DIM-induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells and changes in the expression levels of the signaling molecules involved in this process. VTN promoted tumor cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibited apoptosis caused by the effects of apoptosis-inducing agents. Under in vitro experimental conditions, VTN contributed to the growth of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells and protected them from the effects of an apoptosis-inducing agent. These findings suggest that during hepatocellular carcinogenesis, VTN may promote tumor cell growth and inhibit chemically induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- a Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
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