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Hu C, Lin L, Ye M, Liu Y, Huang Q, Yuan C, Sun J, Sun H. Re-evaluating a historic cohort of sinonasal and skull base mucoepidermoid carcinoma: an institutional experience. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:46. [PMID: 38429827 PMCID: PMC10905897 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Primary mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx are rare entities that represent a diagnostic challenge, especially in biopsy samples. Herein, we present a case series of MECs of the sinonasal and skull base and its mimics to evaluate the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics in order to avoid misdiagnosis. METHODS We reviewed the pathology records of patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2022. Thirty MECs were consecutively diagnosed during that period. RESULTS Based on morphological and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses, 30 tumors originally diagnosed as MECs were separated into MAML2 fusion-positive (7 cases) and MAML2 fusion-negative groups (23 cases), in which 14 tumors were positive for the EWSR1::ATF1 fusion; these tumors were reclassified to have hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC). The remaining nine MAML2 FISH negative cases were reconfirmed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 3 cases) which showed keratinization and high Ki-67 expression; DEK::AFF2 carcinomas (2 cases), in which DEK gene rearrangement was detected by FISH; and MECs as previously described (4 cases) with typical morphological features. Including 7 MAML2 rearrangements tumors, 11 MEC cases had a male-to-female ratio of 4.5:1, and 6 tumors arose from the nasopharyngeal region, while 5 tumors arose from the sinonasal region. The prognosis of this series of salivary gland-type MECs was favorable. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that HCCC runs the risk of being misdiagnosed as MEC in the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx, particularly with biopsy specimens. Careful histological evaluation with supporting molecular testing can facilitate pathological diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 2600 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 201112, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 2600 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 2600 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 2600 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cuncun Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 2600 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 2600 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 201112, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Abstract
A novel DEK::AFF2 fusion carcinoma was recently described in 29 patients who originally presented with non-viral-associated nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. The tumors occurred at multiple sites in the head and neck including in the sinonasal tract, middle ear, and temporal bone. This tumor behaves aggressively involving adjacent vital structures, frequently recurs, and is inclined to develop lymph node and distant metastasis. This review aims to summarize the demographic, clinical, pathologic, immunophenotypic features, and pattern of molecular alterations as well as to discuss the differential diagnosis of DEK::AFF2 fusion carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Sandison
- Department of Head and Neck/Oral Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
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3
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Kuo YJ, Lewis JS, Truong T, Yeh YC, Chernock RD, Zhai C, Chen YA, Hongo T, Lee CK, Shi Q, Velez Torres JM, Geromes AB, Chu YH, Hsieh MS, Yamamoto H, Weinreb I, Hang JF. Nuclear expression of AFF2 C-terminus is a sensitive and specific ancillary marker for DEK::AFF2 carcinoma of the sinonasal tract. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1587-1595. [PMID: 35701667 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DEK::AFF2 carcinoma of the sinonasal tract is an emerging entity. The tumor is typically characterized by papillary proliferation of non-keratinizing squamous epithelial cells with monotonous cytologic features, which may mimic other sinonasal tumors. The confirmation of this gene fusion has thus far relied solely on next-generation sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This current study aimed to validate an immunohistochemical assay for AFF2 C-terminus as an ancillary marker. We first analyzed publicly available RNA sequencing data of sinonasal tumors from the national center for biotechnology information (NCBI) sequence read archive and identified 3 DEK::AFF2 carcinomas out of 28 sinonasal tumors. The gene expression of AFF2 was significantly higher in the fusion-positive cases compared to the wild-type tumors (p < 0.001), while DEK was not. We then optimized an immunohistochemical assay with an anti-AFF2 C-terminus antibody for ancillary diagnosis. Seventeen DEK::AFF2 carcinomas, including 11 cases with predominantly low-grade morphology and one showing glandular differentiation, as well as 78 DEK FISH-negative sinonasal tumors were evaluated by AFF2 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Sixteen of the 17 DEK::AFF2 carcinomas showed nuclear AFF2 expression in ≥30% of tumor cells, including one decalcified case that failed FISH and RT-PCR confirmation. The one case that was negative for AFF2 IHC in the tumor cells also lacked expression in the internal positive control. It was thus considered a failure of the IHC rather than a truly negative case and was excluded from the statistical analysis. All DEK FISH-negative sinonasal tumors were negative for nuclear AFF2 expression. The nuclear expression of AFF2 IHC showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for DEK::AFF2 carcinoma. Accordingly, AFF2 IHC is a highly sensitive and specific ancillary marker that distinguishes DEK-AFF2 carcinoma from the other sinonasal tumors with overlapping morphological features and may be an especially useful alternative for decalcified specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Kuo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James S Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tra Truong
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rebecca D Chernock
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Changwen Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-An Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Takahiro Hongo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chien-Kuan Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Qiuying Shi
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jaylou M Velez Torres
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ariana B Geromes
- Anatomic and Clinical Laboratory Associates, P.C, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ying-Hsia Chu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jen-Fan Hang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Rooper LM, Agaimy A, Dickson BC, Dueber JC, Eberhart CG, Gagan J, Hartmann A, Khararjian A, London NR, MacMillan CM, Palsgrove DN, Nix JS, Sandison A, Stoehr R, Truong T, Weinreb I, Bishop JA. DEK-AFF2 Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Region and Skull Base: Detailed Clinicopathologic Characterization of a Distinctive Entity. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1682-1693. [PMID: 34049316 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel DEK-AFF2 fusion was recently reported in 4 nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinomas of the sinonasal region and skull base, including 1 with exceptional response to immunotherapy, but it is not yet clear if this rearrangement defines a unique clinicopathologic category or represents a rare event. This study aims to characterize a larger cohort of carcinomas with DEK-AFF2 fusions to assess whether they truly constitute a distinctive entity. Among 27 sinonasal and skull base nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma that were negative for human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus, RNA sequencing identified DEK-AFF2 fusions in 13 cases (48%). Nine were centered in the nasal cavity, 2 in the middle ear/temporal bone, 1 in the nasopharynx, and 1 in the orbit. These tumors displayed recurrent histologic features including (1) complex endophytic and exophytic, frequently papilloma-like growth, (2) transitional epithelium with eosinophilic to amphophilic cytoplasm, (3) absent or minimal keratinization with occasional compact keratin pearls, (4) monotonous nuclei, and (5) prominent tumor-infiltrating neutrophils or stromal lymphocytes. This appearance not only overlaps with high-grade basaloid sinonasal carcinomas but also with benign papillomas and tumors reported as low-grade papillary Schneiderian carcinoma. However, DEK-AFF2 carcinomas showed frequent local recurrence, cervical lymph node metastases, and distant metastasis with 2 deaths from disease, confirming they are aggressive malignancies despite relatively bland histology. Overall, the distinctive molecular, histologic, and clinical features of DEK-AFF2 carcinomas suggest they represent a unique entity in the sinonasal region. This tumor merits increased pathologic recognition to better understand its prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital
| | - Julie C Dueber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Jeffrey Gagan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armen Khararjian
- Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek Medical Center, Walnut Creek, CA
| | - Nyall R London
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christina M MacMillan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital
| | - Doreen N Palsgrove
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Ann Sandison
- Department of Head and Neck Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tra Truong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
- Department of Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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5
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Kuo YJ, Lewis JS, Zhai C, Chen YA, Chernock RD, Hsieh MS, Lan MY, Lee CK, Weinreb I, Hang JF. DEK-AFF2 fusion-associated papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract: clinicopathologic characterization of seven cases with deceptively bland morphology. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:1820-1830. [PMID: 34108636 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel DEK-AFF2 fusion has been recently identified in four cases of basaloid to nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the sinonasal tract and middle ear with high-grade morphology. The exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibitor in the first reported case highlights the potential clinical importance of identifying tumors with DEK-AFF2 fusions. We herein reported the first series of seven cases of DEK-AFF2 fusion-associated sinonasal SCC with deceptively bland morphology, including four cases of low-grade papillary Schneiderian carcinoma, which is a recently described tumor type with unknown molecular underpinnings. The DEK gene rearrangement was confirmed by DEK break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization and DEK-AFF2 fusion transcripts were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In contrast to the previously reported DEK-AFF2 fusion-positive high-grade carcinomas, these tumors had a monotonous and bland morphology and were all initially diagnosed as sinonasal papilloma (SP) of various types, with or without dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. The tumor was characterized by mixed exophytic and inverted patterns, broad papillary fronds, acantholytic change, cellular monotony, dense neutrophilic infiltrates, and peripheral palisading. All tumors were diffusely positive for p40 or p63 and negative for NUT and p16. Molecular drivers associated with SP, including EGFR and KRAS mutations and both high and low-risk human papillomavirus infection, were negative in all cases. Although there was no overt stromal invasion or desmoplastic reaction in the initial specimens, these tumors tended to progress locoregionally through a prolonged clinical course and occasionally develop lymph node metastases, high-grade transformation, or extensively local destruction eventually leading to death. These justify more aggressive clinical management. Therefore, we propose the new terminology "DEK-AFF2 fusion-associated papillary SCC of the sinonasal tract" to better describe this clinicopathologically and molecularly distinct entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Kuo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James S Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Changwen Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-An Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rebecca D Chernock
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Min-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ying Lan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Kuan Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jen-Fan Hang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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6
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Guo H, Prell M, Königs H, Xu N, Waldmann T, Hermans-Sachweh B, Ferrando-May E, Lüscher B, Kappes F. Bacterial Growth Inhibition Screen (BGIS) identifies a loss-of-function mutant of the DEK oncogene, indicating DNA modulating activities of DEK in chromatin. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1438-1453. [PMID: 33686684 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The DEK oncoprotein regulates cellular chromatin function via a number of protein-protein interactions. However, the biological relevance of its unique pseudo-SAP/SAP-box domain, which transmits DNA modulating activities in vitro, remains largely speculative. As hypothesis-driven mutations failed to yield DNA-binding null (DBN) mutants, we combined random mutagenesis with the Bacterial Growth Inhibition Screen (BGIS) to overcome this bottleneck. Re-expression of a DEK-DBN mutant in newly established human DEK knockout cells failed to reduce the increase in nuclear size as compared to wild type, indicating roles for DEK-DNA interactions in cellular chromatin organization. Our results extend the functional roles of DEK in metazoan chromatin and highlight the predictive ability of recombinant protein toxicity in E. coli for unbiased studies of eukaryotic DNA modulating protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Guo
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Malte Prell
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Königs
- Institute of Pathology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Nengwei Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | - Tanja Waldmann
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Ferrando-May
- Bioimaging Center, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
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7
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The potential role of DEK over-expression in the radiation response of head and neck cancer. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Yi H, Duan H, Shi W, Liu Z, Liu Y. DEK overexpression is predictive of poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:135-141. [PMID: 33488866 PMCID: PMC7811301 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.84210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The DEK gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein which is involved in multiple cell metabolic processes, such as DNA damage repair, mRNA splicing, modifying chromatin structure and transcription regulation. DEK has been shown to be overexpressed in various solid human tumors and associated with patient prognosis. In this study, our aim was to investigate DEK protein expression and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Tissue samples were collected from 120 routinely diagnosed ESCC patients who underwent surgical resection at the Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University in the period from June 2011 to May 2013. The expression of DEK was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS DEK protein was ubiquitously distributed in the nucleus of ESCC cells, and its positive rate (71.7%) was significantly higher in cancer samples than those of para-carcinoma (21.4%) or normal esophageal (13.9%) tissues (p < 0.001). Similarly, significantly more cells overexpressing DEK were found in ESCC tissues (57.5%) in comparison with para-carcinoma samples (11.4%) and normal esophageal mucosa (0%, p < 0.001). The DEK overexpression rate was significantly different between patients with different tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages and differentiation degrees (p < 0.001). ESCC cases with elevated DEK amounts showed reduced disease-free and 5-year survival rates compared with those expressing low DEK amounts (p < 0.001). DEK overexpression was also confirmed to independently predict prognosis in ESCC (HR = 4.121, 95% CI: 1.803-9.42, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS DEK expression is positively correlated with reduced survival in ESCC patients. DEK has potential to be an independent biomarker in predicting prognosis of ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huochun Yi
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hongbing Duan
- Department of Thoracic, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wensheng Shi
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhengjin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Thoracic, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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9
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Olmedo-Nieva L, Muñoz-Bello JO, Manzo-Merino J, Lizano M. New insights in Hippo signalling alteration in human papillomavirus-related cancers. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109815. [PMID: 33148514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is an etiologic factor for the development of different types of cancers, mainly attributed to the continuous expression of E6 and E7 HPV oncoproteins, which regulate several cell signalling pathways including the Hippo pathway. It has been demonstrated that E6 proteins promote the increase of the Hippo elements YAP, TAZ and TEAD, at protein level, as well as their transcriptional targets. Also, E6 and E7 oncoproteins promote nuclear YAP localization and a decrease in YAP negative regulators such as MST1, PTPN14 or SOCS6. Interestingly, Hippo signalling components modulate HPV activity, such as TEAD1 and the transcriptional co-factor VGLL1, induce the activation of HPV early and late promoters, while hyperactivation of YAP in specific cells facilitates virus infection by increasing putative HPV receptors and by evading innate immunity. Additionally, alterations in Hippo signalling elements have been found in HPV-related cancers and particularly, the involvement of HPV oncoproteins on the regulation of some of these Hippo components has been also proposed, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The present review addresses the recent findings describing the interplay between HPV and Hippo signalling in HPV-related cancers, a fact that highlights the importance of developing more in-depth studies in this field to establish key therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Olmedo-Nieva
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - J Omar Muñoz-Bello
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sede sur, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manzo-Merino
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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10
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Khanna S, Palackdharry S, Roof L, Wicker CA, Mark J, Zhu Z, Jandorav R, Molinolo A, Takiar V, Wise-Draper TM. Determining the molecular landscape and impact on prognosis in HPV-associated head and neck cancer. CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2020; 5:11. [PMID: 32944296 PMCID: PMC7487583 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-020-00058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a better prognosis than HNSCC due to other risk factors. However, there is significant heterogeneity within HPV-associated HNSCC and 25% of these patients still do poorly despite receiving aggressive therapy. We currently have no good molecular tools to differentiate and exclude this "high-risk" sub-population and focus on "low-risk" patients for clinical trials. This has been a potential barrier to identifying successful de-escalation treatment strategies in HPV-associated HNSCC. We conducted an analysis of molecular markers with a well-known role in the pathogenesis of HPV-associated HNSCC and hypothesized that these markers could help independently predict recurrence and prognosis in these patients and therefore help identify at the molecular level "low-risk" patients suitable for de-escalation trials. METHODS We analyzed 24 tumor specimens of patients with p16+ HNSCC who underwent definitive resection as primary treatment. Tissue microarray (TMA) was generated from the 24 pathology blocks and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using highly specific antibodies for our chosen biomarkers (PI3K-PTEN, AKT pathway, mTOR, 4EBP1, S6, and pAMPK, ERCC-1). Transcriptome data was also obtained for 7 p16+ HNSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Data from the TMA and TCGA were analyzed for association of relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) with protein and gene expression of the chosen biomarkers. RESULTS Increased pAMPK protein activity by IHC and AMPK gene expression by TCGA gene expression data was correlated with improved RFS with a trend towards statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS This data suggests that increased pAMPK activity and expression may portend a better prognosis in HPV-associated HNSCC undergoing primary definitive resection. However, these findings require validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchin Khanna
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street WWW 201 Attn: Suchin Khanna, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Sarah Palackdharry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Logan Roof
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Christina A. Wicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Jonathan Mark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Roman Jandorav
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Alfredo Molinolo
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Trisha M. Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
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11
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Todorovic E, Truong T, Eskander A, Lin V, Swanson D, Dickson BC, Weinreb I. Middle Ear and Temporal Bone Nonkeratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinomas With DEK-AFF2 Fusion: An Emerging Entity. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 44:1244-1250. [PMID: 32366754 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the middle ear and temporal bone are rare and usually keratinizing by morphology. Nonkeratinizing, basaloid SCCs arising in this area are exceedingly rare, and, due to the anatomic proximity to the skull base, nasopharynx, and nasal sinuses, the differential diagnosis is broad. Most tumors with squamous differentiation arising in these subsites are either viral-induced (human papillomavirus/Epstein-Barr virus) or rarely may have specific molecular alterations (BRD4-NUT, EWSR1-FLI translocations). Occasional tumors are negative for these findings, and their pathogenesis is unknown. A recently discovered DEK-AFF2 fusion was clinically detected in a series of 2 cases known to the authors. This fusion has been previously reported in the literature in a patient with a base of skull tumor who was an exceptional responder to programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor therapy. We examine here the histomorphologic and molecular findings of 2 additional cases of an emerging entity. Two male patients were identified. Each had a primary middle ear/temporal bone mass with locally advanced disease. The histology was reviewed, and immunohistochemistry was performed. RNA-based next-generation sequencing was performed for clinical detection of diagnostic or actionable fusions. Both patients had basaloid/nonkeratinizing tumors on biopsy. They were positive for markers of squamous differentiation (HMWK, CK5, and p40). By RNA sequencing, they demonstrated the presence of a DEK-AFF2 fusion and were negative for EWSR1 and NUT translocations. The DEK-AFF2 fusion may define a novel diagnostic category of middle ear and temporal bone nonkeratinizing/basaloid SCCs. This fusion also may represent a potential avenue for immunotherapy in these patients. Further studies are needed to fully explore whether this fusion defines a location-specific clinicopathologic entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Todorovic
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
| | - Tra Truong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
- Departments of Pathology
| | - Antoine Eskander
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
| | - Vincent Lin
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
| | - David Swanson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
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12
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Ishida K, Nakashima T, Shibata T, Hara A, Tomita H. Role of the DEK oncogene in the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:1563-1569. [PMID: 32656741 PMCID: PMC7441080 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
DEK is a highly conserved nuclear factor that plays an important role in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. DEK was discovered to be an oncogene as a fusion with NUP214 gene, which results in producing DEK-NUP214 proteins, in a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Subsequently, DEK overexpression was reported in many cancers, thus DEK itself is considered to be an oncoprotein. DEK has been reported to play important roles in the progression of early and late stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and is useful for early diagnosis of the disease. These findings have made DEK an attractive therapeutic target, especially for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated SCC. However, the mechanism of DEK in SCC remains unclear. In this review, we discuss human DEK oncogene-related SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Ishida
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakashima
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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13
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Pease NA, Shephard MS, Sertorio M, Waltz SE, Vinnedge LMP. DEK Expression in Breast Cancer Cells Leads to the Alternative Activation of Tumor Associated Macrophages. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071936. [PMID: 32708944 PMCID: PMC7409092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women. DEK is a known oncoprotein that is highly expressed in over 60% of breast cancers and is an independent marker of poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DEK promotes tumor progression are poorly understood. To identify novel oncogenic functions of DEK, we performed RNA-Seq analysis on isogenic Dek-knockout and complemented murine BC cells. Gene ontology analyses identified gene sets associated with immune system regulation and cytokine-mediated signaling and differential cytokine and chemokine expression was confirmed across Dek-proficient versus Dek-deficient cells. By exposing murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) to tumor cell conditioned media (TCM) to mimic a tumor microenvironment, we showed that Dek-expressing breast cancer cells produce a cytokine milieu, including up-regulated Tslp and Ccl5 and down-regulated Cxcl1, Il-6, and GM-CSF, that drives the M2 polarization of macrophages. We validated this finding in primary murine mammary tumors and show that Dek expression in vivo is also associated with increased expression of M2 macrophage markers in murine tumors. Using TCGA data, we verified that DEK expression in primary human breast cancers correlates with the expression of several genes identified by RNA-Seq in our murine model and with M2 macrophage phenotypes. Together, our data demonstrate that by regulating the production of multiple secreted factors, DEK expression in BC cells creates a potentially immune suppressed tumor microenvironment, particularly by inducing M2 tumor associated macrophage (TAM) polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Pease
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (N.A.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Miranda S. Shephard
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (N.A.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mathieu Sertorio
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (N.A.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Susan E. Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Lisa M. Privette Vinnedge
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (N.A.P.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-636-1155
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14
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Liu T, Zhu G, Yan W, Lv Y, Wang X, Jin G, Cui M, Lin Z, Ren X. Cordycepin Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis through a DEK Interaction via ERK Signaling in Cholangiocarcinoma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:279-289. [PMID: 32102917 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.263202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor that arises from the epithelial cells of the bile duct and is notorious for its poor prognosis. The clinical outcome remains disappointing, and thus more effective therapeutic options are urgently required. Cordycepin, a traditional Chinese medicine, provides multiple pharmacological strategies in antitumors, but its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we reported that cordycepin inhibited the viability and proliferation capacity of CCA cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry and Hoechst dye showed that cordycepin induced cancer cell apoptosis via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 deactivation. Moreover, cordycepin significantly reduced the angiogenetic capabilities of CCA in vitro as examined by tube formation assay. We also discovered that cordycepin inhibited DEK expression by using Western blot assay. DEK serves as an oncogenic protein that is overexpressed in various gastrointestinal tumors. DEK silencing inhibited CCA cell viability and angiogenesis but not apoptosis induction determined by Western blot and flow cytometry. Furthermore, cordycepin significantly inhibited tumor growth and angiogenic capacities in a xenograft model by downregulating the expression of DEK, phosphorylated ERK1/2 CD31 and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Taken together, we demonstrated that cordycepin inhibited CCA cell proliferation and angiogenesis with a DEK interaction via downregulation in ERK signaling. These data indicate that cordycepin may serve as a novel agent for CCA clinical treatment and prognosis improvement. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cordycepin provides multiple strategies in antitumors, but its mechanisms are not fully elucidated, especially on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We reported that cordycepin inhibited the viability of CCA cells, induced apoptosis via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 deactivation and DEK inhibition, and reduced the angiogenetic capabilities of CCA both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesi Liu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Guang Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Wendi Yan
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - You Lv
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Guang Jin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Minghua Cui
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
| | - Xiangshan Ren
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, China (T.L., G.Z., W.Y., Y.L., X.W., G.J., M.C., Z.L., X.R.); and Otorhinolaryngology Institute at Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China (T.L.)
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15
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Zhang H, Yan M, Deng R, Song F, Jiang M. The silencing of DEK reduced disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 based on virus-induced gene silencing analysis in tomato. Gene 2020; 727:144245. [PMID: 31715302 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
DEK involves in the modulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and cell senescence. However, direct genetic evidence proving the functions of DEK in disease resistance against pathogens is still deficient. In the present study, four DEKs were identified in tomato genome and their roles in disease resistance in tomato were analyzed. The expression levels of DEKs were differently induced by Botrytis cinerea, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 and defense-related signaling molecules (such as jasmonic acid, aethylene precursor and salicylic acid). The DEKs' silencing by virus induced gene silencing led to decreased resistance against B. cinerea or Pst DC3000. The underlying mechanisms may be through the upregulation of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the changed expression levels of defense-related genes by pathogen inoculation. These results indicate that DEKs involve in disease resistance against different pathogens and thus broaden the knowledge of DEK genes' function in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- Collegue of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Yan
- Collegue of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Rong Deng
- Collegue of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Collegue of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.
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16
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Lee KF, Tsai MM, Tsai CY, Huang CG, Ou YH, Hsieh CC, Hsieh HL, Wang CS, Lin KH. DEK Is a Potential Biomarker Associated with Malignant Phenotype in Gastric Cancer Tissues and Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5689. [PMID: 31766266 PMCID: PMC6888682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most widespread cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The discovery of novel biomarkers of oncoproteins can facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for GC treatment. In this study, we identified novel biomarkers by integrating isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), a human plasma proteome database, and public Oncomine datasets to search for aberrantly expressed oncogene-associated proteins in GC tissues and plasma. One of the most significantly upregulated biomarkers, DEK, was selected and its expression validated. Our immunohistochemistry (IHC) (n = 92) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) (n = 72) analyses disclosed a marked increase in DEK expression in tumor tissue, compared with paired nontumor mucosa. Importantly, significantly higher preoperative plasma DEK levels were detected in GC patients than in healthy controls via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In clinicopathological analysis, higher expression of DEK in both tissue and plasma was significantly associated with advanced stage and poorer survival outcomes of GC patients. Data from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis disclosed a better diagnostic accuracy of plasma DEK than carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9), and C-reactive protein (CRP), highlighting its potential as an effective plasma biomarker for GC. Plasma DEK is also more sensitive in tumor detection than the other three biomarkers. Knockdown of DEK resulted in inhibition of GC cell migration via a mechanism involving modulation of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2/MMP-9 level and vice versa. Our results collectively support plasma DEK as a useful biomarker for making diagnosis and prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam-Fai Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Ming Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-M.T.); (H.-L.H.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-yi 613, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (Y.-H.O.)
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Ou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (Y.-H.O.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-yi 613, Taiwan;
| | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-M.T.); (H.-L.H.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Siu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-yi 613, Taiwan;
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (Y.-H.O.)
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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17
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Ketabat F, Pundir M, Mohabatpour F, Lobanova L, Koutsopoulos S, Hadjiiski L, Chen X, Papagerakis P, Papagerakis S. Controlled Drug Delivery Systems for Oral Cancer Treatment-Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E302. [PMID: 31262096 PMCID: PMC6680655 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which encompasses the oral cavity-derived malignancies, is a devastating disease causing substantial morbidity and mortality in both men and women. It is the most common subtype of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is ranked the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Despite promising advancements in the conventional therapeutic approaches currently available for patients with oral cancer, many drawbacks are still to be addressed; surgical resection leads to permanent disfigurement, altered sense of self and debilitating physiological consequences, while chemo- and radio-therapies result in significant toxicities, all affecting patient wellbeing and quality of life. Thus, the development of novel therapeutic approaches or modifications of current strategies is paramount to improve individual health outcomes and survival, while early tumour detection remains a priority and significant challenge. In recent years, drug delivery systems and chronotherapy have been developed as alternative methods aiming to enhance the benefits of the current anticancer therapies, while minimizing their undesirable toxic effects on the healthy non-cancerous cells. Targeted drug delivery systems have the potential to increase drug bioavailability and bio-distribution at the site of the primary tumour. This review confers current knowledge on the diverse drug delivery methods, potential carriers (e.g., polymeric, inorganic, and combinational nanoparticles; nanolipids; hydrogels; exosomes) and anticancer targeted approaches for oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment, with an emphasis on their clinical relevance in the era of precision medicine, circadian chronobiology and patient-centred health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Ketabat
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer - Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - Meenakshi Pundir
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer - Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer - Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Sotirios Koutsopoulos
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lubomir Hadjiiski
- Departmnet of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer - Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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18
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Yang W, Lee KW, Srivastava RM, Kuo F, Krishna C, Chowell D, Makarov V, Hoen D, Dalin MG, Wexler L, Ghossein R, Katabi N, Nadeem Z, Cohen MA, Tian SK, Robine N, Arora K, Geiger H, Agius P, Bouvier N, Huberman K, Vanness K, Havel JJ, Sims JS, Samstein RM, Mandal R, Tepe J, Ganly I, Ho AL, Riaz N, Wong RJ, Shukla N, Chan TA, Morris LGT. Immunogenic neoantigens derived from gene fusions stimulate T cell responses. Nat Med 2019; 25:767-775. [PMID: 31011208 PMCID: PMC6558662 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tumor immunity is driven by self versus non-self discrimination. Many immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer have taken advantage of tumor neoantigens derived from somatic mutations. Here, we demonstrate that gene fusions are a source of immunogenic neoantigens that can mediate responses to immunotherapy. We identified an exceptional responder with metastatic head and neck cancer who experienced a complete response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, despite a low mutational load and minimal pre-treatment immune infiltration in the tumor. Using whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing, we identified a novel gene fusion and demonstrated that it produces a neoantigen that can specifically elicit a host cytotoxic T cell response. In a cohort of head and neck tumors with low mutation burden, minimal immune infiltration and prevalent gene fusions, we also identified gene fusion-derived neoantigens that generate cytotoxic T cell responses. Finally, analyzing additional datasets of fusion-positive cancers, including checkpoint-inhibitor-treated tumors, we found evidence of immune surveillance resulting in negative selective pressure against gene fusion-derived neoantigens. These findings highlight an important class of tumor-specific antigens and have implications for targeting gene fusion events in cancers that would otherwise be less poised for response to immunotherapy, including cancers with low mutational load and minimal immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken-Wing Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raghvendra M Srivastava
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fengshen Kuo
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chirag Krishna
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Hoen
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin G Dalin
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leonard Wexler
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zaineb Nadeem
- Department of Surgery (Head and Neck Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc A Cohen
- Department of Surgery (Head and Neck Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Ken Tian
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Bouvier
- Integrated Genomics Operation, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kety Huberman
- Integrated Genomics Operation, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katelynd Vanness
- Integrated Genomics Operation, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan J Havel
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer S Sims
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Samstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajarsi Mandal
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery (Head and Neck Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Tepe
- Department of Surgery (Head and Neck Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery (Head and Neck Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan L Ho
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadeem Riaz
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Wong
- Department of Surgery (Head and Neck Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neerav Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Luc G T Morris
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery (Head and Neck Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Matrka MC, Cimperman KA, Haas SR, Guasch G, Ehrman LA, Waclaw RR, Komurov K, Lane A, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Wells SI. Dek overexpression in murine epithelia increases overt esophageal squamous cell carcinoma incidence. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007227. [PMID: 29538372 PMCID: PMC5884580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer occurs as either squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or adenocarcinoma. ESCCs comprise almost 90% of cases worldwide, and recur with a less than 15% five-year survival rate despite available treatments. The identification of new ESCC drivers and therapeutic targets is critical for improving outcomes. Here we report that expression of the human DEK oncogene is strongly upregulated in esophageal SCC based on data in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). DEK is a chromatin-associated protein with important roles in several nuclear processes including gene transcription, epigenetics, and DNA repair. Our previous data have utilized a murine knockout model to demonstrate that Dek expression is required for oral and esophageal SCC growth. Also, DEK overexpression in human keratinocytes, the cell of origin for SCC, was sufficient to cause hyperplasia in 3D organotypic raft cultures that mimic human skin, thus linking high DEK expression in keratinocytes to oncogenic phenotypes. However, the role of DEK over-expression in ESCC development remains unknown in human cells or genetic mouse models. To define the consequences of Dek overexpression in vivo, we generated and validated a tetracycline responsive Dek transgenic mouse model referred to as Bi-L-Dek. Dek overexpression was induced in the basal keratinocytes of stratified squamous epithelium by crossing Bi-L-Dek mice to keratin 5 tetracycline transactivator (K5-tTA) mice. Conditional transgene expression was validated in the resulting Bi-L-Dek_K5-tTA mice and was suppressed with doxycycline treatment in the tetracycline-off system. The mice were subjected to an established HNSCC and esophageal carcinogenesis protocol using the chemical carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). Dek overexpression stimulated gross esophageal tumor development, when compared to doxycycline treated control mice. Furthermore, high Dek expression caused a trend toward esophageal hyperplasia in 4NQO treated mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Dek overexpression in the cell of origin for SCC is sufficient to promote esophageal SCC development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Matrka
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Cimperman
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah R. Haas
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Geraldine Guasch
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institute Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Lisa A. Ehrman
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Ronald R. Waclaw
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Adam Lane
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Perinatal Institute Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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20
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Smith EA, Krumpelbeck EF, Jegga AG, Greis KD, Ali AM, Meetei AR, Wells SI. The nuclear DEK interactome supports multi-functionality. Proteins 2018; 86:88-97. [PMID: 29082557 PMCID: PMC5730476 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DEK is an oncoprotein that is overexpressed in many forms of cancer and participates in numerous cellular pathways. Of these different pathways, relevant interacting partners and functions of DEK are well described in regard to the regulation of chromatin structure, epigenetic marks, and transcription. Most of this understanding was derived by investigating DNA-binding and chromatin processing capabilities of the oncoprotein. To facilitate the generation of mechanism-driven hypotheses regarding DEK activities in underexplored areas, we have developed the first DEK interactome model using tandem-affinity purification and mass spectrometry. With this approach, we identify IMPDH2, DDX21, and RPL7a as novel DEK binding partners, hinting at new roles for the oncogene in de novo nucleotide biosynthesis and ribosome formation. Additionally, a hydroxyurea-specific interaction with replication protein A (RPA) was observed, suggesting that a DEK-RPA complex may form in response to DNA replication fork stalling. Taken together, these findings highlight diverse activities for DEK across cellular pathways and support a model wherein this molecule performs a plethora of functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Smith
- Department of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH, 45219; USA
| | - Eric F. Krumpelbeck
- Department of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH, 45219; USA
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Greis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Abdullah M. Ali
- Department of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH, 45219; USA
| | - Amom R. Meetei
- Department of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH, 45219; USA
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Department of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH, 45219; USA
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21
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Wise-Draper T, Sendilnathan A, Palackdharry S, Pease N, Qualtieri J, Butler R, Sadraei NH, Morris JC, Patil Y, Wilson K, Mark J, Casper K, Takiar V, Lane A, Privette Vinnedge L. Decreased plasma DEK Oncogene Levels Correlate with p16-Negative Disease and Advanced Tumor Stage in a Case-Control Study of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2017; 11:168-174. [PMID: 29289845 PMCID: PMC6002348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and survival upon recurrence and/or metastasis remains poor. HNSCC has traditionally been associated with alcohol and nicotine use, but more recently the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has emerged as a favorable prognostic risk factor for oropharyngeal HNSCC. However, further stratification with additional biomarkers to predict patient outcome continues to be essential. One candidate biomarker is the DEK oncogenic protein, which was previously detected in the urine of patients with bladder cancer and is known to be secreted by immune cells such as macrophages. Here, we investigated if DEK could be detected in human plasma and if DEK levels correlated with clinical and pathological variables of HNSCC. Plasma was separated from the peripheral blood of newly diagnosed, untreated HNSCC patients or age-matched normal healthy controls and analyzed for DEK protein using ELISA. Plasma concentrations of DEK protein were lower in p16-negative tumors compared to both normal controls and patients with p16-positive tumors. Patients with lower plasma concentrations of DEK were also more likely to have late stage tumors and a lower white blood cell count. Contrary to previously published work demonstrating a poor prognosis with high intratumoral DEK levels, we show for the first time that decreased concentrations of DEK in patient plasma correlates with poor prognostic factors, including HPV-negative status as determined by negative p16 expression and advanced tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267.
| | - Arun Sendilnathan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Sarah Palackdharry
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Nicholas Pease
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Julianne Qualtieri
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Randall Butler
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Nooshin Hashemi Sadraei
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - John C Morris
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Yash Patil
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Keith Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Jonathan Mark
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Keith Casper
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Adam Lane
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Lisa Privette Vinnedge
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229.
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22
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Neuroanatomical Distribution of DEK Protein in Corticolimbic Circuits Associated with Learning and Memory in Adult Male and Female Mice. Neuroscience 2017; 371:254-267. [PMID: 29175155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
DEK, a chromatin-remodeling gene expressed in most human tissues, is known for its role in cancer biology and autoimmune diseases. DEK depletion in vitro reduces cellular proliferation, induces DNA damage subsequently leading to apoptosis, and down-regulates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a molecular pathway essential for learning and memory. Despite a recognized role in cancer (non-neuronal) cells, DEK expression and function is not well characterized in the central nervous system. We conducted a gene ontology analysis (ToppGene), using a cancer database to identify genes associated with DEK deficiency, which pinpointed several genes associated with cognitive-related diseases (i.e., Alzheimer's disease, presenile dementia). Based on this information, we examined DEK expression in corticolimbic structures associated with learning and memory in adult male and female mice using immunohistochemistry. DEK was expressed throughout the brain in both sexes, including the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic, infralimbic and dorsal peduncular). DEK was also abundant in all amygdalar subdivisions (basolateral, central and medial) and in the hippocampus including the CA1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG), ventral subiculum and entorhinal cortex. Of note, compared to males, females had significantly higher DEK immunoreactivity in the CA1, indicating a sex difference in this region. DEK was co-expressed with neuronal and microglial markers in the CA1 and DG, whereas only a small percentage of DEK cells were in apposition to astrocytes in these areas. Given the reported inverse cellular and molecular profiles (e.g., cell survival, Wnt pathway) between cancer and Alzheimer's disease, these findings suggest a potentially important role of DEK in cognition.
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23
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Nakashima T, Tomita H, Hirata A, Ishida K, Hisamatsu K, Hatano Y, Kanayama T, Niwa A, Noguchi K, Kato K, Miyazaki T, Tanaka T, Shibata T, Hara A. Promotion of cell proliferation by the proto-oncogene DEK enhances oral squamous cell carcinogenesis through field cancerization. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2424-2439. [PMID: 28834425 PMCID: PMC5633549 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops through a multistep carcinogenic process involving field cancerization. The DEK gene is a proto-oncogene with functions in genetic and epigenetic modifications, and has oncogenic functions, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and senescence. DEK overexpression is associated with malignancies; however, the functional roles of DEK overexpression are unclear. We demonstrated that DEK-expressing cells were significantly increased in human dysplasia/carcinoma in situ and OSCC. Furthermore, we generated ubiquitous and squamous cell-specific doxycycline (DOX)-inducible Dek mice (iDek and iDek-e mice respectively). Both DOX+ iDek and iDek-e mice did not show differences in the oral mucosa compared with DOX- mice. In the environment exposed to carcinogen, DOX-treated (DOX+) iDek mice showed field cancerization and OSCC development. Microarray analysis revealed that DEK overexpression was mediated by the upregulation of DNA replication- and cell cycle-related genes, particularly those related to the G1 /S transition. Tongue tumors overexpressing DEK showed increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen and elongator complex protein 3 expression. Our data suggest that DEK overexpression enhanced carcinogenesis, including field cancerization, in OSCC by stimulating the G1 /S phase transition and promoting DNA replication, providing important insights into the potential applications of DEK as a target in the treatment and prevention of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakashima
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal ExperimentLife Science Research CenterGifu University1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ishida
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Kenji Hisamatsu
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Kei Noguchi
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Keizo Kato
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Miyazaki
- Division of PathologyGifu University Hospital1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) and Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC‐DiP)Gifu Municipal Hospital7‐1 Kashima‐choGifu500‐8513Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
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24
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Matrka MC, Watanabe M, Muraleedharan R, Lambert PF, Lane AN, Romick-Rosendale LE, Wells SI. Overexpression of the human DEK oncogene reprograms cellular metabolism and promotes glycolysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177952. [PMID: 28558019 PMCID: PMC5448751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The DEK oncogene is overexpressed in many human malignancies including at early tumor stages. Our reported in vitro and in vivo models of squamous cell carcinoma have demonstrated that DEK contributes functionally to cellular and tumor survival and to proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Based on recent RNA sequencing experiments, DEK expression was necessary for the transcription of several metabolic enzymes involved in anabolic pathways. This identified a possible mechanism whereby DEK may drive cellular metabolism to enable cell proliferation. Functional metabolic Seahorse analysis demonstrated increased baseline and maximum extracellular acidification rates, a readout of glycolysis, in DEK-overexpressing keratinocytes and squamous cell carcinoma cells. DEK overexpression also increased the maximum rate of oxygen consumption and therefore increased the potential for oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). To detect small metabolites that participate in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) that supplies substrate for OxPhos, we carried out NMR-based metabolomics studies. We found that high levels of DEK significantly reprogrammed cellular metabolism and altered the abundances of amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates and the glycolytic end products lactate, alanine and NAD+. Taken together, these data support a scenario whereby overexpression of the human DEK oncogene reprograms keratinocyte metabolism to fulfill energy and macromolecule demands required to enable and sustain cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Matrka
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Miki Watanabe
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Core Facility, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ranjithmenon Muraleedharan
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lindsey E. Romick-Rosendale
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Core Facility, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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25
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Smith EA, Kumar B, Komurov K, Smith SM, Brown NV, Zhao S, Kumar P, Teknos TN, Wells SI. DEK associates with tumor stage and outcome in HPV16 positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23414-23426. [PMID: 28423581 PMCID: PMC5410314 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are common, have poor outcomes, and comprise two biologically and clinically distinct diseases. While OPSCC that arise from human papillomavirus infections (HPV+) have better overall survival than their HPV- counterparts, the incidence of HPV+ OPSCC is increasing dramatically, affecting younger individuals which are often left with life-long co-morbidities from aggressive treatment. To identify patients which do poorly versus those who might benefit from milder regimens, risk-stratifying biomarkers are now needed within this population. One potential marker is the DEK oncoprotein, whose transcriptional upregulation in most malignancies is associated with chemotherapy resistance, advanced tumor stage, and worse outcomes. Herein, a retrospective case study was performed on DEK protein expression in therapy-naïve surgical resections from 194 OPSCC patients. We found that DEK was associated with advanced tumor stage, increased hazard of death, and interleukin IL6 expression in HPV16+ disease. Surprisingly, DEK levels in HPV16- OPSCC were not associated with advanced tumor stage or increased hazard of death. Overall, these findings mark HPV16- OPSCC as an exceptional malignancy were DEK expression does not correlate with outcome, and support the potential prognostic utility of DEK to identify aggressive HPV16+ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Smith
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nicole V. Brown
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Theodoros N. Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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26
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Smith EA, Gole B, Willis NA, Soria R, Starnes LM, Krumpelbeck EF, Jegga AG, Ali AM, Guo H, Meetei AR, Andreassen PR, Kappes F, Vinnedge LMP, Daniel JA, Scully R, Wiesmüller L, Wells SI. DEK is required for homologous recombination repair of DNA breaks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44662. [PMID: 28317934 PMCID: PMC5357905 DOI: 10.1038/srep44662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DEK is a highly conserved chromatin-bound protein whose upregulation across cancer types correlates with genotoxic therapy resistance. Loss of DEK induces genome instability and sensitizes cells to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), suggesting defects in DNA repair. While these DEK-deficiency phenotypes were thought to arise from a moderate attenuation of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair, the role of DEK in DNA repair remains incompletely understood. We present new evidence demonstrating the observed decrease in NHEJ is insufficient to impact immunoglobulin class switching in DEK knockout mice. Furthermore, DEK knockout cells were sensitive to apoptosis with NHEJ inhibition. Thus, we hypothesized DEK plays additional roles in homologous recombination (HR). Using episomal and integrated reporters, we demonstrate that HR repair of conventional DSBs is severely compromised in DEK-deficient cells. To define responsible mechanisms, we tested the role of DEK in the HR repair cascade. DEK-deficient cells were impaired for γH2AX phosphorylation and attenuated for RAD51 filament formation. Additionally, DEK formed a complex with RAD51, but not BRCA1, suggesting a potential role regarding RAD51 filament formation, stability, or function. These findings define DEK as an important and multifunctional mediator of HR, and establish a synthetic lethal relationship between DEK loss and NHEJ inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Smith
- Division of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Boris Gole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ulm University, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Nicholas A. Willis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rebeca Soria
- Chromatin Structure and Function Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Linda M. Starnes
- Chromatin Structure and Function Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Eric F. Krumpelbeck
- Division of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Abdullah M. Ali
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Haihong Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Amom R. Meetei
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Paul R. Andreassen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | | | - Jeremy A. Daniel
- Chromatin Structure and Function Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Ralph Scully
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ulm University, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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27
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Riveiro-Falkenbach E, Ruano Y, García-Martín RM, Lora D, Cifdaloz M, Acquadro F, Ballestín C, Ortiz-Romero PL, Soengas MS, Rodríguez-Peralto JL. DEK oncogene is overexpressed during melanoma progression. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:194-202. [PMID: 27893188 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
DEK is an oncoprotein involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as DNA repair, replication, and transcriptional control. DEK is preferentially expressed in actively proliferating and malignant cells, including melanoma cell lines in which DEK was previously demonstrated to play a critical role in proliferation and chemoresistance. Still, the impact of this protein in melanoma progression remains unclear. Thus, we performed a comprehensive analysis of DEK expression in different melanocytic tumors. The immunostaining results of 303 tumors demonstrated negligible DEK expression in benign lesions. Conversely, malignant lesions, particularly in metastatic cases, were largely positive for DEK expression, which was partially associated with genomic amplification. Importantly, DEK overexpression was correlated with histological features of aggressiveness in primary tumors and poor prognosis in melanoma patients. In conclusion, our study provides new insight into the involvement of DEK in melanoma progression, as well as proof of concept for its potential application as a marker and therapeutic target of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Riveiro-Falkenbach
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto i+12, Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto i+12, Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M García-Martín
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto i+12, Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Lora
- Clinical Research Unit (CIBERESP), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Metehan Cifdaloz
- Melanoma Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Acquadro
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Ballestín
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto i+12, Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo L Ortiz-Romero
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto i+12, Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María S Soengas
- Melanoma Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Rodríguez-Peralto
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto i+12, Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Role of WDHD1 in Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Oncogenesis Identified by Transcriptional Profiling of E7-Expressing Cells. J Virol 2016; 90:6071-6084. [PMID: 27099318 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00513-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The E7 oncoprotein of the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a major role in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. E7 abrogates the G1 cell cycle checkpoint and induces genomic instability, but the mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to characterize the transcriptional profile of keratinocytes expressing HPV 16 (HPV-16) E7. At the transcriptome level, 236 genes were differentially expressed between E7 and vector control cells. A subset of the differentially expressed genes, most of them novel to E7-expressing cells, was further confirmed by real-time PCR. Of interest, the activities of multiple transcription factors were altered in E7-expressing cells. Through bioinformatics analysis, pathways altered in E7-expressing cells were investigated. The upregulated genes were enriched in cell cycle and DNA replication, as well as in the DNA metabolic process, transcription, DNA damage, DNA repair, and nucleotide metabolism. Specifically, we focused our studies on the gene encoding WDHD1 (WD repeat and high mobility group [HMG]-box DNA-binding protein), one of the genes that was upregulated in E7-expressing cells. WDHD1 is a component of the replisome that regulates DNA replication. Recent studies suggest that WDHD1 may also function as a DNA replication initiation factor as well as a G1 checkpoint regulator. We found that in E7-expressing cells, the steady-state level of WDHD1 protein was increased along with the half-life. Moreover, downregulation of WDHD1 reduced E7-induced G1 checkpoint abrogation and rereplication, demonstrating a novel function for WDHD1. These studies shed light on mechanisms by which HPV induces genomic instability and have therapeutic implications. IMPORTANCE The high-risk HPV types induce cervical cancer and encode an E7 oncoprotein that plays a major role in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism by which E7 induces carcinogenesis is not fully understood; specific anti-HPV agents are not available. In this study, we performed RNA-seq to characterize transcriptional profiling of keratinocytes expressing HPV-16 E7 and identified more than 200 genes that were differentially expressed between E7 and vector control cells. Through bioinformatics analysis, pathways altered in E7-expressing cells were identified. Significantly, the WDHD1 gene, one of the genes that is upregulated in E7-expressing cells, was found to play an important role in E7-induced G1 checkpoint abrogation and rereplication. These studies shed light on mechanisms by which HPV induces genomic instability and have therapeutic implications.
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29
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Adams AK, Bolanos LC, Dexheimer PJ, Karns RA, Aronow BJ, Komurov K, Jegga AG, Casper KA, Patil YJ, Wilson KM, Starczynowski DT, Wells SI. IRAK1 is a novel DEK transcriptional target and is essential for head and neck cancer cell survival. Oncotarget 2015; 6:43395-407. [PMID: 26527316 PMCID: PMC4791239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin-binding DEK protein was recently reported to promote the growth of HPV+ and HPV- head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Relevant cellular and molecular mechanism(s) controlled by DEK in HNSCC remain poorly understood. While DEK is known to regulate specific transcriptional targets, global DEK-dependent gene networks in HNSCC are unknown. To identify DEK transcriptional signatures we performed RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in HNSCC cell lines that were either proficient or deficient for DEK. Bioinformatic analyses and subsequent validation revealed that IRAK1, a regulator of inflammatory signaling, and IRAK1-dependent regulatory networks were significantly repressed upon DEK knockdown in HNSCC. According to TCGA data, 14% of HNSCC specimens overexpressed IRAK1, thus supporting possible oncogenic functions. Furthermore, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of IRAK1 in HNSCC cell lines was sufficient to attenuate downstream signaling such as ERK1/2 and to induce HNSCC cell death by apoptosis. Finally, targeting DEK and IRAK1 simultaneously enhanced cell death as compared to targeting either alone. Our findings reveal that IRAK1 promotes cell survival and is an attractive therapeutic target in HNSCC cells. Thus, we propose a model wherein IRAK1 stimulates tumor signaling and phenotypes both independently and in conjunction with DEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie K. Adams
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lyndsey C. Bolanos
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Phillip J. Dexheimer
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekah A. Karns
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce J. Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith A. Casper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yash J. Patil
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith M. Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel T. Starczynowski
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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30
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Ying G, Wu Y. DEK: A novel early screening and prognostic marker for breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7491-5. [PMID: 26459608 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression status and clinical implications of DEK in breast cancer, in order to contribute to developments in breast cancer management. DEK expression status was detected in 628 breast cancer specimens by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining, and the correlation between DEK protein and clinico‑pathological parameters and prognosis of breast cancer was subsequently determined. In comparison to para-carcinoma tissues, DEK protein was highly expressed in breast cancer specimens and was correlated with chemotherapy resistance. In total, 61.94% (389/628) of breast cancer cases exhibited high expression of DEK. According to universal analysis, it was observed that age, tumor size, histological grade, metastatic nodes and distant metastasis (P=0.024, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001 and 0.001 respectively) are key factors associated with DEK. Furthermore, compared with samples with no or low DEK protein expression, high DEK expression resulted in a significantly increased distant metastasis rate and poor disease‑specific survival (P=0.001). In addition, DEK protein was detected as an independent prognostic factor (P=0.001) in the Cox regression analysis. DEK was correlated with chemotherapy resistance and may be an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer, as well as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ying
- Interventional Catheter Room, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Harbin Medical University School of Public Health, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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31
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Dissecting the Potential Interplay of DEK Functions in Inflammation and Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2015; 2015:106517. [PMID: 26425120 PMCID: PMC4575739 DOI: 10.1155/2015/106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a long-standing correlation between inflammation, inflammatory cell signaling pathways, and tumor formation. Understanding the mechanisms behind inflammation-driven tumorigenesis is of great research and clinical importance. Although not entirely understood, these mechanisms include a complex interaction between the immune system and the damaged epithelium that is mediated by an array of molecular signals of inflammation—including reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, and NFκB signaling—that are also oncogenic. Here, we discuss the association of the unique DEK protein with these processes. Specifically, we address the role of DEK in chronic inflammation via viral infections and autoimmune diseases, the overexpression and oncogenic activity of DEK in cancers, and DEK-mediated regulation of NFκB signaling. Combined, evidence suggests that DEK may play a complex, multidimensional role in chronic inflammation and subsequent tumorigenesis.
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32
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Rodemann HP, Bodis S. Cutting-edge research in basic and translational radiation biology/oncology reflections from the 14th International Wolfsberg Meeting on Molecular Radiation Biology/Oncology 2015. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:335-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Matrka MC, Hennigan RF, Kappes F, DeLay ML, Lambert PF, Aronow BJ, Wells SI. DEK over-expression promotes mitotic defects and micronucleus formation. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:3939-53. [PMID: 25945971 PMCID: PMC4825741 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1044177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The DEK gene encodes a nuclear protein that binds chromatin and is involved in various fundamental nuclear processes including transcription, RNA splicing, DNA replication and DNA repair. Several cancer types characteristically over-express DEK at the earliest stages of transformation. In order to explore relevant mechanisms whereby DEK supports oncogenicity, we utilized cancer databases to identify gene transcripts whose expression patterns are tightly correlated with that of DEK. We identified an enrichment of genes involved in mitosis and thus investigated the regulation and possible function of DEK in cell division. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that DEK dissociates from DNA in early prophase and re-associates with DNA during telophase in human keratinocytes. Mitotic cell populations displayed a sharp reduction in DEK protein levels compared to the corresponding interphase population, suggesting DEK may be degraded or otherwise removed from the cell prior to mitosis. Interestingly, DEK overexpression stimulated its own aberrant association with chromatin throughout mitosis. Furthermore, DEK co-localized with anaphase bridges, chromosome fragments, and micronuclei, suggesting a specific association with mitotically defective chromosomes. We found that DEK over-expression in both non-transformed and transformed cells is sufficient to stimulate micronucleus formation. These data support a model wherein normal chromosomal clearance of DEK is required for maintenance of high fidelity cell division and chromosomal integrity. Therefore, the overexpression of DEK and its incomplete removal from mitotic chromosomes promotes genomic instability through the generation of genetically abnormal daughter cells. Consequently, DEK over-expression may be involved in the initial steps of developing oncogenic mutations in cells leading to cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Matrka
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Robert F Hennigan
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Department of Biological Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical School; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen, Germany
| | - Monica L DeLay
- Division of Rheumatology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison, WI USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Biomedical Informatics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH USA
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34
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Privette Vinnedge LM, Benight NM, Wagh PK, Pease NA, Nashu MA, Serrano-Lopez J, Adams AK, Cancelas JA, Waltz SE, Wells SI. The DEK oncogene promotes cellular proliferation through paracrine Wnt signaling in Ron receptor-positive breast cancers. Oncogene 2015; 34:2325-36. [PMID: 24954505 PMCID: PMC4275425 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disease progression and recurrence are major barriers to survival for breast cancer patients. Understanding the etiology of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer and underlying mechanisms is critical for the development of new treatments and improved survival. Here, we report that two commonly overexpressed breast cancer oncogenes, Ron (Recepteur d'Origine Nantaise) and DEK, cooperate to promote advanced disease through multipronged effects on β-catenin signaling. The Ron receptor is commonly activated in breast cancers, and Ron overexpression in human disease stimulates β-catenin nuclear translocation and is an independent predictor of metastatic dissemination. Dek is a chromatin-associated oncogene whose expression has been linked to cancer through multiple mechanisms, including β-catenin activity. We demonstrate here that Dek is a downstream target of Ron receptor activation in murine and human models. The absence of Dek in the MMTV-Ron mouse model led to a significant delay in tumor development, characterized by decreased cell proliferation, diminished metastasis and fewer cells expressing mammary cancer stem cell markers. Dek complementation of cell lines established from this model was sufficient to promote cellular growth and invasion. Mechanistically, Dek expression stimulated the production and secretion of Wnt ligands to sustain an autocrine/paracrine canonical β-catenin signaling loop. Finally, we show that Dek overexpression promotes tumorigenic phenotypes in immortalized human mammary epithelial MCF10A cells and, in the context of Ron receptor activation, correlates with disease recurrence and metastasis in patients. Overall, our studies demonstrate that DEK overexpression, due in part to Ron receptor activation, drives breast cancer progression through the induction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy M. Benight
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Purnima K. Wagh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Nicholas A. Pease
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Madison A. Nashu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Juana Serrano-Lopez
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- IMIBIC/UCO/University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Allie K. Adams
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Susan E. Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Research, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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35
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Lin D, Dong X, Wang K, Wyatt AW, Crea F, Xue H, Wang Y, Wu R, Bell RH, Haegert A, Brahmbhatt S, Hurtado-Coll A, Gout PW, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Collins CC, Wang Y. Identification of DEK as a potential therapeutic target for neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1806-20. [PMID: 25544761 PMCID: PMC4359333 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer which does not respond to hormone therapy. Research of NEPC has been hampered by a lack of clinically relevant in vivo models. Recently, we developed a first-in-field patient tissue-derived xenograft model of complete neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma. By comparing gene expression profiles of a transplantable adenocarcinoma line (LTL331) and its NEPC subline (LTL331R), we identified DEK as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NEPC. In the present study, elevated DEK protein expression was observed in all NEPC xenograft models and clinical NEPC cases, as opposed to their benign counterparts (0%), hormonal naïve prostate cancer (2.45%) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (29.55%). Elevated DEK expression was found to be an independent clinical risk factor, associated with shorter disease-free survival of hormonal naïve prostate cancer patients. DEK silencing in PC-3 cells led to a marked reduction in cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion. The results suggest that DEK plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer, especially to NEPC, and provides a potential biomarker to aid risk stratification of prostate cancer and a novel target for therapy of NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kendric Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Alexander W. Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Rebecca Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Robert H. Bell
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Anne Haegert
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Sonal Brahmbhatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Antonio Hurtado-Coll
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Peter W. Gout
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Martin E. Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
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36
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Rakheja D, Chen KS, Liu Y, Shukla AA, Schmid V, Chang TC, Khokhar S, Wickiser JE, Karandikar NJ, Malter JS, Mendell JT, Amatruda JF. Somatic mutations in DROSHA and DICER1 impair microRNA biogenesis through distinct mechanisms in Wilms tumours. Nat Commun 2014; 2:4802. [PMID: 25190313 PMCID: PMC4159681 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumour is the most common childhood kidney cancer. Here we report the whole-exome sequencing of 44 Wilms tumours, identifying missense mutations in the microRNA (miRNA)-processing enzymes DROSHA and DICER1, and novel mutations in MYCN, SMARCA4 and ARID1A. Examination of tumour miRNA expression, in vitro processing assays and genomic editing in human cells demonstrates that DICER1 and DROSHA mutations influence miRNA processing through distinct mechanisms. DICER1 RNase IIIB mutations preferentially impair processing of miRNAs deriving from the 5′-arm of pre-miRNA hairpins, while DROSHA RNase IIIB mutations globally inhibit miRNA biogenesis through a dominant-negative mechanism. Both DROSHA and DICER1 mutations impair expression of tumour-suppressing miRNAs, including the let-7 family, important regulators of MYCN, LIN28 and other Wilms tumour oncogenes. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms through which mutations in miRNA biogenesis components reprogramme miRNA expression in human cancer and suggest that these defects define a distinct subclass of Wilms tumours. Wilms tumour is a common childhood cancer. Here, the authors use whole-exome sequencing in 44 Wilms tumours to characterize their mutational landscape and show that DICER1 and DROSHA mutations can suppress the biogenesis of tumour-suppressing microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- 1] Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [3] Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA [4] Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [5]
| | - Kenneth S Chen
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [3] Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA [4]
| | - Yangjian Liu
- 1] Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2]
| | - Abhay A Shukla
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Vanessa Schmid
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Tsung-Cheng Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Shama Khokhar
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Jonathan E Wickiser
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Nitin J Karandikar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - James S Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- 1] Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - James F Amatruda
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [3] Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [4] Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA [5] Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Wang X, Lin L, Ren X, Lin Z, Li Z, Li C, Jin T. High expression of oncoprotein DEK predicts poor prognosis of small cell lung cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:5016-23. [PMID: 25197373 PMCID: PMC4152063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oncoprotein DEK plays an important role in cancer tumorigenesis. To explore the clinical implication of DEK expression on prognostic evaluation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 130 cases of SCLC with strict follow-up were selected for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of DEK protein. The correlation between DEK expression and clinicopathological features of SCLC was evaluated using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. IHC analysis demonstrated that DEK protein staining was strongly positive and significantly higher (44.62%) in SCLC compared with either adjacent non-tumor or normal lung tissues (P < 0.001 for both). DEK expression correlated with large tumor size (P = 0.025) and late pathologic stage (P = 0.005). Moreover, it correlated with low disease-free (P = 0.004) and 5-year (P = 0.005) survival rates. In the late-stage group, disease-free and 5-year survival rates of patients with high level DEK expression were significantly lower than those with low level DEK expression (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, Cox analysis revealed that DEK expression emerged as a significant independent hazard factor for the overall survival rate of patients with SCLC (HR: 1.594, 95% CI: 1.087-2.336, P = 0.017). In conclusion, DEK plays an important role in the progression of SCLC. DEK may potentially be used as an independent biomarker for the prognostic evaluation of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical CollegeYanji 133002, China
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun 130117, China
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, Eastern Liaoning UniversityDandong 118002, China
| | - Xiangshan Ren
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical CollegeYanji 133002, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical CollegeYanji 133002, China
| | - Zhuhu Li
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical CollegeYanji 133002, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical CollegeYanji 133002, China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical CollegeYanji 133002, China
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