1
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Tesio M. Editorial: Tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in T- cell malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1372133. [PMID: 38371621 PMCID: PMC10874103 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1372133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melania Tesio
- U111, Lymphoma-Immuno Biology, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
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2
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Luan Y, Li X, Luan Y, Luo J, Dong Q, Ye S, Li Y, Li Y, Jia L, Yang J, Yang DH. Therapeutic challenges in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:2. [PMID: 38178117 PMCID: PMC10765866 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01904-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a rare and heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies. Compared to our knowledge of B-cell tumors, our understanding of T-cell leukemia and lymphoma remains less advanced, and a significant number of patients are diagnosed with advanced stages of the disease. Unfortunately, the development of drug resistance in tumors leads to relapsed or refractory peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas (r/r PTCL), resulting in highly unsatisfactory treatment outcomes for these patients. This review provides an overview of potential mechanisms contributing to PTCL treatment resistance, encompassing aspects such as tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, and abnormal signaling pathways in PTCL development. The existing drugs aimed at overcoming PTCL resistance and their potential resistance mechanisms are also discussed. Furthermore, a summary of ongoing clinical trials related to PTCL is presented, with the aim of aiding clinicians in making informed treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Luan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650021, China.
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Yunqi Luan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation On Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Qinzuo Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Shili Ye
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yuejin Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200 Old Country Rd, Suite 500, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA.
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3
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Molecular pathogenesis of Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma: Role of chemokines, cytokines, and dysregulated signaling pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:382-399. [PMID: 34906723 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative neoplasms that exhibit a wide spectrum of immune-phenotypical, clinical, and histopathological features. The biology of CTCL is complex and remains elusive. In recent years, the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has evolved our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms, including genetic aberrations and epigenetic abnormalities that shape the mutational landscape of CTCL and represent one of the important pro-tumorigenic principles in CTCL initiation and progression. Still, identification of the major pathophysiological pathways including genetic and epigenetic components that mediate malignant clonal T cell expansion has not been achieved. This is of prime importance given the role of malignant T cell clones in fostering T helper 2 (Th2)-bias tumor microenvironment and fueling progressive immune dysregulation and tumor cell growth in CTCL patients, manifested by the secretion of Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines. Alterations in malignant cytokine and chemokine expression patterns orchestrate the inflammatory milieu and influence the migration dynamics of malignant clonal T cells. Here, we highlight recent insights about the molecular mechanisms of CTCL pathogenesis, emphasizing the role of cytokines, chemokines, and associated downstream signaling networks in driving immune defects, malignant transformation, and disease progression. In-depth characterization of the CTCL immunophenotype and tumoral microenvironment offers a facile opportunity to expand the therapeutic armamentarium of CTCL, an intractable malignant skin disease with poor prognosis and in dire need of curative treatment approaches.
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4
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Kaur S, Rajoria P, Chopra M. HDAC6: A unique HDAC family member as a cancer target. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:779-829. [PMID: 36036883 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDAC6, a structurally and functionally distinct member of the HDAC family, is an integral part of multiple cellular functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage and genomic stability, all of which when deregulated contribute to carcinogenesis. Among several HDAC family members known so far, HDAC6 holds a unique position. It differs from the other HDAC family members not only in terms of its subcellular localization, but also in terms of its substrate repertoire and hence cellular functions. Recent findings have considerably expanded the research related to the substrate pool, biological functions and regulation of HDAC6. Studies in HDAC6 knockout mice highlighted the importance of HDAC6 as a cell survival player in stressful situations, making it an important anticancer target. There is ample evidence stressing the importance of HDAC6 as an anti-cancer synergistic partner of many chemotherapeutic drugs. HDAC6 inhibitors have been found to enhance the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs such as DNA damaging agents, proteasome inhibitors and microtubule inhibitors, thereby highlighting the importance of combination therapies involving HDAC6 inhibitors and other anti-cancer agents. CONCLUSIONS Here, we present a review on HDAC6 with emphasis on its role as a critical regulator of specific physiological cellular pathways which when deregulated contribute to tumorigenesis, thereby highlighting the importance of HDAC6 inhibitors as important anticancer agents alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. We also discuss the synergistic anticancer effect of combination therapies of HDAC6 inhibitors with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Kaur
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Prerna Rajoria
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Madhu Chopra
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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5
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Novel Targeted Therapies for T-Cell Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163955. [PMID: 36010948 PMCID: PMC9406054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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6
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Pankaew S, Potier D, Grosjean C, Nozais M, Quessada J, Loosveld M, Remy É, Payet-Bornet D. Calcium Signaling Is Impaired in PTEN-Deficient T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:797244. [PMID: 35185889 PMCID: PMC8847596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.797244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN (Phosphatase and TENsin homolog) is a well-known tumor suppressor involved in numerous types of cancer, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In human, loss-of-function mutations of PTEN are correlated to mature T-ALL expressing a T-cell receptor (TCR) at their cell surface. In accordance with human T-ALL, inactivation of Pten gene in mouse thymocytes induces TCRαβ+ T-ALL development. Herein, we explored the functional interaction between TCRαβ signaling and PTEN. First, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of PTEN-deficient and PTEN-proficient thymocytes. Bioinformatic analysis of our scRNAseq data showed that pathological Ptendel thymocytes express, as expected, Myc transcript, whereas inference of pathway activity revealed that these Ptendel thymocytes display a lower calcium pathway activity score compared to their physiological counterparts. We confirmed this result using ex vivo calcium flux assay and showed that upon TCR activation tumor Ptendel blasts were unable to release calcium ions (Ca2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. In order to understand such phenomena, we constructed a mathematical model centered on the mechanisms controlling the calcium flux, integrating TCR signal strength and PTEN interactions. This qualitative model displays a dynamical behavior coherent with the dynamics reported in the literature, it also predicts that PTEN affects positively IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) receptors (ITPR). Hence, we analyzed Itpr expression and unraveled that ITPR proteins levels are reduced in PTEN-deficient tumor cells compared to physiological and leukemic PTEN-proficient cells. However, calcium flux and ITPR proteins expression are not defective in non-leukemic PTEN-deficient T cells indicating that beyond PTEN loss an additional alteration is required. Altogether, our study shows that ITPR/Calcium flux is a part of the oncogenic landscape shaped by PTEN loss and pinpoints a putative role of PTEN in the regulation of ITPR proteins in thymocytes, which remains to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saran Pankaew
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, I2M, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Mathis Nozais
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Quessada
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Loosveld
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital La Timone, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Marseille, France
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7
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Challenging Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: What Animal Models Tell us So Far. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1533-1540. [PMID: 35000751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are characterized by heterogeneity of clinical variants, further complicated by genomic and microenvironmental variables. Furthermore, in vitro experiments are hampered by the low culture efficiency of these malignant cells. Animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying malignancy and for discovering new anticancer treatments. They are divided into two main categories: those in which tumors arise in the host owing to genetic modifications and those that use tumor cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize the attempts to decipher the complexity of the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by exploiting genetically modified and xenograft models.
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8
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Tandon S, Bartram J, Kyriakopoulou L, Kanwar N, Lo W, Davidson S, Punnett A, Shlien A, Hitzler J, Malkin D, Villani A, Abla O. Failure of Romidepsin to Treat Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma in Children: A Single-center Experience. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e745-e748. [PMID: 32427705 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Tandon
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton
| | | | | | | | - Winnie Lo
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology
| | | | - Angela Punnett
- Division of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology
- Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto
| | - Adam Shlien
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology
- The Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Johann Hitzler
- Division of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology
- Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology
- Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology
- Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto
| | - Oussama Abla
- Division of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology
- Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto
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9
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Tottone L, Lancho O, Loh JW, Singh A, Kimura S, Roels J, Kuchmiy A, Strubbe S, Lawlor MA, da Silva-Diz V, Luo S, Gachet S, García-Prieto CA, Hagelaar R, Esteller M, Meijerink JPP, Soulier J, Taghon T, Van Vlierberghe P, Mullighan CG, Khiabanian H, Rocha PP, Herranz D. A Tumor Suppressor Enhancer of PTEN in T-cell development and leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 2:92-109. [PMID: 33458694 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-range oncogenic enhancers play an important role in cancer. Yet, whether similar regulation of tumor suppressor genes is relevant remains unclear. Loss of expression of PTEN is associated with the pathogenesis of various cancers, including T-cell leukemia (T-ALL). Here, we identify a highly conserved distal enhancer (PE) that interacts with the PTEN promoter in multiple hematopoietic populations, including T-cells, and acts as a hub of relevant transcription factors in T-ALL. Consistently, loss of PE leads to reduced PTEN levels in T-ALL cells. Moreover, PE-null mice show reduced Pten levels in thymocytes and accelerated development of NOTCH1-induced T-ALL. Furthermore, secondary loss of PE in established leukemias leads to accelerated progression and a gene expression signature driven by Pten loss. Finally, we uncovered recurrent deletions encompassing PE in T-ALL, which are associated with decreased PTEN levels. Altogether, our results identify PE as the first long-range tumor suppressor enhancer directly implicated in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tottone
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Olga Lancho
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jui-Wan Loh
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Amartya Singh
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Juliette Roels
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Kuchmiy
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Strubbe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew A Lawlor
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Victoria da Silva-Diz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Shirley Luo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Stéphanie Gachet
- INSERM U944 and University de Paris, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Carlos A García-Prieto
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rico Hagelaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Jean Soulier
- INSERM U944 and University de Paris, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Tom Taghon
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hossein Khiabanian
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Pedro P Rocha
- Unit on Genome Structure and Regulation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel Herranz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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10
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Wu Y, Zhu H, Wu H. PTEN in Regulating Hematopoiesis and Leukemogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036244. [PMID: 31712222 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancers. By counteracting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, PTEN plays an essential role in regulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renewal, migration, lineage commitment, and differentiation. PTEN also plays important roles in suppressing leukemogenesis, especially T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Herein, we will review the function of PTEN in regulating hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis and discuss potential therapeutic approaches against leukemia with PTEN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haichuan Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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11
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Narducci MG, Tosi A, Frezzolini A, Scala E, Passarelli F, Bonmassar L, Monopoli A, Accetturi MP, Cantonetti M, Antonini Cappellini GC, De Galitiis F, Rosato A, Picozza M, Russo G, D'Atri S. Reduction of T Lymphoma Cells and Immunological Invigoration in a Patient Concurrently Affected by Melanoma and Sezary Syndrome Treated With Nivolumab. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579894. [PMID: 33072126 PMCID: PMC7544958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent availability of several new drugs in hemato-oncology, T-cell lymphomas are still incurable and PD-1 blockade could represent a therapeutic chance for selected patients affected by these malignancies, although further studies are required to understand the biological effects of anti-PD-1 mAbs on neoplastic T-cells and to identify biomarkers for predicting and/or monitoring patients’ response to therapy. Sezary Syndrome (SS) represents a rare and aggressive variant of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) with a life expectancy of less than 5 years, characterized by the co-presence of neoplastic lymphocytes mainly in the blood, lymph nodes and skin. In this study we analyzed longitudinal blood samples and lesional skin biopsies of a patient concurrently affected by SS and melanoma who underwent 22 nivolumab administrations. In blood, we observed a progressive reduction of SS cell number and a raise in the percentage of normal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells over total leukocytes. Eight weeks from the start of nivolumab, these immune cell subsets showed an increase of Ki67 proliferation index that positively correlated with their PD-1 expression. Conversely, SS cells displayed a strong reduction of Ki67 positivity despite their high PD-1 expression. On skin biopsies we observed a marked reduction of SS cells which were no more detectable at the end of therapy. We also found an increase in the percentage of normal CD4+ T cells with a concomitant decrease of that of CD8+ and CD4+ CD8+ T cells, two cell subsets that, however, acquired a cytotoxic phenotype. In summary, our study demonstrated that nivolumab marked reduced SS tumor burden and invigorated immune responses in our patient. Our data also suggest, for the first time, that Ki67 expression in circulating neoplastic and immune cell subsets, as well as an enrichment in T cells with a cytotoxic phenotype in lesional skin could be valuable markers to assess early on treatment SS patients’ response to PD-1 blockade, a therapeutic strategy under clinical investigation in CTCL (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03385226, NCT04118868).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Tosi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Scala
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Bonmassar
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Cantonetti
- Department of Hematology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Picozza
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania D'Atri
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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12
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Clinical and biological features of PTPN2-deleted adult and pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1981-1988. [PMID: 31270080 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) is a phosphatase known to be a tumor suppressor gene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Because the full clinicobiologic characteristics of PTPN2 loss remain poorly reported, we aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of PTPN2 deletions within a cohort of 430 patients, including 216 adults and 214 children treated according to the GRAALL03/05 (#NCT00222027 and #NCT00327678) and the FRALLE2000 protocols, respectively. We used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to identify an 8% incidence of PTPN2 deletion, which was comparable in adult (9%) and pediatric (6%) populations. PTPN2 deletions were significantly associated with an αβ lineage and TLX1 deregulation. Analysis of the mutational genotype of adult T-ALL revealed a positive correlation between PTPN2 deletions and gain-of-function alterations in the IL7R/JAK-STAT signaling pathway as well as PHF6 and WT1 mutations. Of note, PTPN2 and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) deletions were mutually exclusive. Regarding treatment response, PTPN2-deleted T-ALLs were associated with a higher glucocorticoid response and a trend for improved survival in children, but not in adults, with a 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse of 8% for PTPN2-deleted pediatric cases vs 26% (P = .177).
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13
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Küçükcankurt F, Erbilgin Y, Fırtına S, Hatırnaz Ng Ö, Karakaş Z, Celkan T, Ünüvar A, Özbek U, Sayitoğlu M. PTEN and AKT1 Variations in Childhood T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Turk J Haematol 2020; 37:98-103. [PMID: 31744268 PMCID: PMC7236415 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2019.2019.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: PTEN/AKT pathway deregulations have been reported to be associated with treatment response in acute leukemia. This study examined pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) samples for PTEN and AKT1 gene variations and evaluated the clinical findings. Materials and Methods: Fifty diagnostic bone marrow samples of childhood T-ALL cases were investigated for the hotspot regions of the PTEN and AKT1 genes by targeted next-generation sequencing. Results: A total of five PTEN variations were found in three of the 50 T-ALL cases (6%). Three of the PTEN variations were first reported in this study. Furthermore, one patient clearly had two different mutant clones for PTEN. Two intronic single-nucleotide variations were found in AKT1 and none of the patients carried pathogenic AKT1 variations. Conclusion: Targeted deep sequencing allowed us to detect both low-level variations and clonal diversity. Low-level PTEN/AKT1 variation frequency makes it harder to investigate the clinical associations of the variants. On the other hand, characterization of the PTEN/AKT signaling members is important for improving case-specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Küçükcankurt
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey,Altınbaş University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey,F.K. and Y.E. contributed equally to this work
| | - Yücel Erbilgin
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey,F.K. and Y.E. contributed equally to this work
| | - Sinem Fırtına
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey,İstinye University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özden Hatırnaz Ng
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey,Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karakaş
- İstanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tiraje Celkan
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Ünüvar
- İstanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Uğur Özbek
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey,Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Müge Sayitoğlu
- İstanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
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14
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Murga-Zamalloa C, Inamdar KV, Wilcox RA. The role of aurora A and polo-like kinases in high-risk lymphomas. Blood Adv 2019; 3:1778-1787. [PMID: 31186254 PMCID: PMC6560346 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk lymphomas (HRLs) are associated with dismal outcomes and remain a therapeutic challenge. Recurrent genetic and molecular alterations, including c-myc expression and aurora A kinase (AAK) and polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) activation, promote cell proliferation and contribute to the highly aggressive natural history associated with these lymphoproliferative disorders. In addition to its canonical targets regulating mitosis, the AAK/PLK1 axis directly regulates noncanonical targets, including c-myc. Recent studies demonstrate that HRLs, including T-cell lymphomas and many highly aggressive B-cell lymphomas, are dependent upon the AAK/PLK1 axis. Therefore, the AAK/PLK1 axis has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in these lymphomas. In addition to reviewing these recent findings, we summarize the rationale for targeting AAK/PLK1 in high-risk and c-myc-driven lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Murga-Zamalloa
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | | | - Ryan A Wilcox
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and
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15
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Martelli AM, Paganelli F, Fazio A, Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, McCubrey JA. The Key Roles of PTEN in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Response. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050629. [PMID: 31064074 PMCID: PMC6562458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive blood cancer that comprises 10–15% of pediatric and ~25% of adult ALL cases. Although the curative rates have significantly improved over the past 10 years, especially in pediatric patients, T-ALL remains a challenge from a therapeutic point of view, due to the high number of early relapses that are for the most part resistant to further treatment. Considerable advances in the understanding of the genes, signaling networks, and mechanisms that play crucial roles in the pathobiology of T-ALL have led to the identification of the key drivers of the disease, thereby paving the way for new therapeutic approaches. PTEN is critical to prevent the malignant transformation of T-cells. However, its expression and functions are altered in human T-ALL. PTEN is frequently deleted or mutated, while PTEN protein is often phosphorylated and functionally inactivated by casein kinase 2. Different murine knockout models recapitulating the development of T-ALL have demonstrated that PTEN abnormalities are at the hub of an intricate oncogenic network sustaining and driving leukemia development by activating several signaling cascades associated with drug-resistance and poor outcome. These aspects and their possible therapeutic implications are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Paganelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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16
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Ferri C, Weich N, Gutiérrez L, De Brasi C, Bengió M, Zapata P, Fundia A, Larripa I. Single nucleotide polymorphism in PTEN-Long gene: A risk factor in chronic myeloid leukemia. Gene 2019; 694:71-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Blood and skin-derived Sezary cells: differences in proliferation-index, activation of PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway and its prognostic relevance. Leukemia 2018; 33:1231-1242. [PMID: 30518812 PMCID: PMC6756225 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare and aggressive variant of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma characterized by neoplastic distribution mainly involving blood, skin, and lymph-node. Although a role of the skin microenvironment in SS pathogenesis has long been hypothesized, its function in vivo is poorly characterized. To deepen this aspect, here we compared skin to blood-derived SS cells concurrently obtained from SS patients highlighting a greater proliferation-index and a PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway activation level, particularly of mTOR protein, in skin-derived-SS cells. We proved that SDF-1 and CCL21 chemokines, both overexpressed in SS tissues, induce mTORC1 signaling activation, cell proliferation and Ki67 up-regulation in a SS-derived cell line and primary-SS cells. In a cohort of 43 SS cases, we observed recurrent copy number variations (CNV) of members belonging to this cascade, namely: loss of LKB1 (48%), PTEN (39%) and PDCD4 (35%) and gains of P70S6K (30%). These alterations represent druggable targets unraveling new therapeutic treatments as metformin here evaluated in vitro. Moreover, CNV of PTEN, PDCD4, and P70S6K, evaluated individually or in combination, are associated with reduced survival of SS patients. These data shed light on effects in vivo of skin-SS cells interaction underlying the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of mTORC1 pathway in SS.
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18
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Therapeutic Targeting of mTOR in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071878. [PMID: 29949919 PMCID: PMC6073309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive blood malignancy that arises from the clonal expansion of transformed T-cell precursors. Although T-ALL prognosis has significantly improved due to the development of intensive chemotherapeutic protocols, primary drug-resistant and relapsed patients still display a dismal outcome. In addition, lifelong irreversible late effects from conventional therapy are a growing problem for leukemia survivors. Therefore, novel targeted therapies are required to improve the prognosis of high-risk patients. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the kinase subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct multiprotein complexes, which are referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. These two complexes regulate a variety of physiological cellular processes including protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis, as well as autophagy in response to external cues. However, mTOR activity is frequently deregulated in cancer, where it plays a key oncogenetic role driving tumor cell proliferation, survival, metabolic transformation, and metastatic potential. Promising preclinical studies using mTOR inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in many human cancer types, including T-ALL. Here, we highlight our current knowledge of mTOR signaling and inhibitors in T-ALL, with an emphasis on emerging evidence of the superior efficacy of combinations consisting of mTOR inhibitors and either traditional or targeted therapeutics.
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19
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Effects of CB2 and TRPV1 receptors' stimulation in pediatric acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21244-21258. [PMID: 29765535 PMCID: PMC5940388 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) is less frequent than B-ALL, but it has poorer outcome. For this reason new therapeutic approaches are needed to treat this malignancy. The Endocannabinoid/Endovanilloid (EC/EV) system has been proposed as possible target to treat several malignancies, including lymphoblastic diseases. The EC/EV system is composed of two G-Protein Coupled Receptors (CB1 and CB2), the Transient Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel, their endogenous and exogenous ligands and enzymes. CB1 is expressed mainly in central nervous system while CB2 predominantly on immune and peripheral cells, therefore we chose to selectively stimulate CB2 and TRPV1. We treated T-ALL lymphoblasts derived from 4 patients and Jurkat cells with a selective agonist at CB2 receptor: JWH-133 [100 nM] and an agonist at TRPV1 calcium channel: RTX [5 uM] at 6, 12 and 24 hours. We analyzed the effect on apoptosis and Cell Cycle Progression by a cytofluorimetric assays and evaluated the expression level of several target genes (Caspase 3, Bax, Bcl-2, AKT, ERK, PTEN, Notch-1, CDK2, p53) involved in cell survival and apoptosis, by Real-Time PCR and Western Blotting. We observed a pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative effect of these compounds in both primary lymphoblasts obtained from patients with T-ALL and in Jurkat cell line. Our results show that both CB2 stimulation and TRPV1 activation, can increase the apoptosis in vitro, interfere with cell cycle progression and reduce cell proliferation, indicating that a new therapeutic approach to T-cell ALL might be possible by modulating CB2 and TRPV1 receptors.
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20
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A Mechanical Sensor Designed for Dynamic Joint Angle Measurement. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:8465212. [PMID: 29065653 PMCID: PMC5390652 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8465212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. The measurement of the functional range of motion (FROM) of lower limb joints is an essential parameter for gait analysis especially in evaluating rehabilitation programs. Aim. To develop a simple, reliable, and affordable mechanical goniometer (MGR) for gait analysis, with six-degree freedom to dynamically assess lower limb joint angles. Design. Randomized control trials, in which a new MGR was developed for the measurements of FROM of lower limb joints. Setting. Reliability of the designed MGR was evaluated and validated by a motion analysis system (MAS). Population. Thirty healthy subjects participated in this study. Methods. Reliability and validity of the new MGR were tested by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman plots, and linear correlation analysis. Results. The MGR has good inter- and intrarater reliability and validity with ICC ≥ 0.93 (for both). Moreover, measurements made by MGR and MAS were comparable and repeatable with each other, as confirmed by Bland-Altman plots. Furthermore, a very high degree of linear correlation (R ≥ 0.92 for all joint angle measurements) was found between the lower limb joint angles measured by MGR and MAS. Conclusion. A simple, reliable, and affordable MGR has been designed and developed to aid clinical assessment and treatment evaluation of gait disorders.
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21
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Zhang G, Gan YH. Synergistic antitumor effects of the combined treatment with an HDAC6 inhibitor and a COX-2 inhibitor through activation of PTEN. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2657-2666. [PMID: 29048666 PMCID: PMC5780018 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most effective non-surgical treatments for various types of tumor. Identifying different combinations of antitumor agents that can produce synergistic antitumor effects remains an important clinical strategy. In the present study, we showed that the combination of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor tubastatin A together with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib resulted in synergistic antitumor effects in CAL 27 and SACC-83 cells. Treatment with celecoxib alone promoted the membrane translocation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), indicating PTEN activation, and consequently led to protein kinase B (AKT) dephosphorylation (inactivation). Similarly, treatment with an HDAC6 inhibitor alone promoted PTEN membrane translocation and correspondingly dephosphorylated AKT. The combination of celecoxib and an HDAC6 inhibitor synergistically increased PTEN membrane translocation and inactivated AKT. Moreover, celecoxib enhanced the HDAC6 inhibitor-induced antitumor effects in PTEN-deficient U-87 MG cells that had been stably transfected with wild-type PTEN, but not in the same cell line stably transfected with mutant PTEN-K163R, which cannot be activated by HDAC6 inhibitors. In summary, the results indicated that the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib enhanced the HDAC6 inhibitor-induced antitumor effects by activating the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Hua Gan
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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22
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Tesio M, Trinquand A, Ballerini P, Hypolite G, Lhermitte L, Petit A, Ifrah N, Baruchel A, Dombret H, Macintyre E, Asnafi V. Age-related clinical and biological features of PTEN abnormalities in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:2594-2600. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Korobeynikov V, Deneka AY, Golemis EA. Mechanisms for nonmitotic activation of Aurora-A at cilia. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:37-49. [PMID: 28202658 PMCID: PMC5860652 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is oncogenic in many tumors. Many studies of AURKA have focused on activities of this kinase in mitosis, and elucidated the mechanisms by which AURKA activity is induced at the G2/M boundary through interactions with proteins such as TPX2 and NEDD9. These studies have informed the development of small molecule inhibitors of AURKA, of which a number are currently under preclinical and clinical assessment. While the first activities defined for AURKA were its control of centrosomal maturation and organization of the mitotic spindle, an increasing number of studies over the past decade have recognized a separate biological function of AURKA, in controlling disassembly of the primary cilium, a small organelle protruding from the cell surface that serves as a signaling platform. Importantly, these activities require activation of AURKA in early G1, and the mechanisms of activation are much less well defined than those in mitosis. A better understanding of the control of AURKA activity and the role of AURKA at cilia are both important in optimizing the efficacy and interpreting potential downstream consequences of AURKA inhibitors in the clinic. We here provide a current overview of proteins and mechanisms that have been defined as activating AURKA in G1, based on the study of ciliary disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Korobeynikov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A
| | - Alexander Y Deneka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420000, Russian Federation
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A.
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24
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Overexpression of PTP4A3 in ETV6-RUNX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2016; 54:1-6. [PMID: 28063378 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell signalling, which is often derailed in cancer, is a network of multiple interconnected pathways with numerous feedback mechanisms. Dynamics of cell signalling is intimately regulated by addition and removal of phosphate groups by kinases and phosphatases. We examined expression of members of the PTP4A family of phosphatases across acute leukemias. While expression of PTP4A1 and PTP4A2 remained relatively unchanged across diseases, PTP4A3 showed marked overexpression in ETV6-RUNX1 and BCR-ABL1 subtypes of precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We show that PTP4A3 is regulated by the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion, but noticed no marked impact on cell viability either after PTP4A3 silencing or treatment with a PTP4A3 inhibitor. Regulation of PTP4A3 expression is altered in specific subgroups of acute leukemias and this is likely brought about by expression of the aberrant fusion genes.
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25
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Nastou KC, Tsaousis GN, Papandreou NC, Hamodrakas SJ. MBPpred: Proteome-wide detection of membrane lipid-binding proteins using profile Hidden Markov Models. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:747-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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