2
|
Kanumuri R, Saravanan R, Pavithra V, Sundaram S, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G. Current trends and opportunities in targeting p21 activated kinase-1(PAK1) for therapeutic management of breast cancers. Gene 2020; 760:144991. [PMID: 32717309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Identifying reliable biomarkers and druggable molecular targets pose to be a significant quest in breast cancer research. p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that direct cell motility, cytoskeletal remodelling, and has been shown to function as a downstream regulator for various cancer signalling cascades that promote cell proliferation, apoptosis deregulation and hasten mitotic abnormalities, resulting in tumor formation and progression. The heterogeneity and acquired drug resistance are important factors that challenge the treatment of breast cancer. p21-activated kinase 1 signalling is crucial for activation of the Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt signalling cascades which regulate cell survival, cell cycle progression, differentiation, and proliferation. A study involving proteogenomics analysis on breast cancer tissues showed the PAK1 as outlier kinase. In addition to this, few outlier molecules were identified specific to subtypes of breast cancer. A few substrates of PAK1 in breast cancer are already known. In this paper, we have discussed a similar approach called Kinase Interacting Substrate Screening (KISS) for the identification of novel oncogenic substrates of p21-activated kinase specific to subtypes of breast cancer. Such high throughput approaches are expected to accelerate the process of identifying novel drug targets and biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kanumuri
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Roshni Saravanan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Pavithra
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Suresh K Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Swiatnicki MR, Andrechek ER. How to Choose a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer, a Genomic Perspective. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:231-243. [PMID: 31227983 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with numerous subtypes that have been defined through immunohistological, histological, and gene expression patterns. The diversity of breast cancer has made the study of its various underlying causes complex. To facilitate the examination of particular facets of breast cancer, mouse models have been generated, ranging from carcinogen induced models to genetically engineered mice. While mouse models have been generated to mimic the initiating event, including p53 loss, BRCA loss, or overexpression of HER2 / Neu / erbB2, other genomic events are often not well characterized. However, these secondary genetic events are often critical to the mouse tumor evolution, subtype, and outcome, just as they are in human breast cancer. As such, these other genomic events are a critical component of what models are chosen to study specific subtypes of human breast cancer. Here we review the genomic analyses that have been completed for various genetically engineered mouse models, how they compare to human breast cancer, and detail how this information can be used in choosing a mouse model for analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Swiatnicki
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 BPS Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou X, Li T, Chen Y, Zhang N, Wang P, Liang Y, Long M, Liu H, Mao J, Liu Q, Sun X, Chen H. Mesenchymal stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles promote the in vitro proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells through the activation of the ERK pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1843-1852. [PMID: 30864702 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to be involved in tumor progression and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, partly through their secretome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanovesicles secreted by multiple types of cells and have been demonstrated to mediate intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, numerous questions still remain regarding the underlying mechanisms and functional consequences of these interactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‑derived EVs (hUC‑MSC‑EVs) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells. We successfully generated and identified hUC‑MSCs and hUC‑MSC‑EVs which were used in this study. The results revealed that treatment of the MDA‑MB‑231 and MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells with medium containing hUC‑MSC‑EVs significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of the cells in vitro. Treatment of the cells with medium containing hUC‑MSC‑EVs also reduced E‑cadherin expression and increased N‑cadherin expression, thus promoting the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the breast cancer cells. Treatment of the breast cancer cells with extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor prior to the interaction with hUC‑MSC‑EVs significantly reversed the enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as the EMT of the breast cancer cells induced by the hUC‑MSC‑EVs. On the whole, these data indicate that hUC‑MSC‑EVs promote the invasive and migratory potential of breast cancer cells through the induction of EMT via the ERK pathway, leading to malignant tumor progression and metastasis. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that targeting pathways to reverse EMT may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches with which to combat breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Pengli Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Liang
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Melissa Long
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Haoran Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jian Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Huabiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
González-González A, Muñoz-Muela E, Marchal JA, Cara FE, Molina MP, Cruz-Lozano M, Jiménez G, Verma A, Ramírez A, Qian W, Chen W, Kozielski AJ, Elemento O, Martín-Salvago MD, Luque RJ, Rosa-Garrido C, Landeira D, Quintana-Romero M, Rosato RR, García MA, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Kim H, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Lorente JA, Sánchez-Rovira P, Chang JC, Granados-Principal S. Activating Transcription Factor 4 Modulates TGFβ-Induced Aggressiveness in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via SMAD2/3/4 and mTORC2 Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5697-5709. [PMID: 30012564 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: On the basis of the identified stress-independent cellular functions of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), we reported enhanced ATF4 levels in MCF10A cells treated with TGFβ1. ATF4 is overexpressed in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but its impact on patient survival and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to determine ATF4 effects on patients with breast cancer survival and TNBC aggressiveness, and the relationships between TGFβ and ATF4. Defining the signaling pathways may help us identify a cell signaling-tailored gene signature.Experimental Design: Patient survival data were determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Relationship between TGFβ and ATF4, their effects on aggressiveness (tumor proliferation, metastasis, and stemness), and the underlying pathways were analyzed in three TNBC cell lines and in vivo using patient-derived xenografts (PDX).Results: ATF4 overexpression correlated with TNBC patient survival decrease and a SMAD-dependent crosstalk between ATF4 and TGFβ was identified. ATF4 expression inhibition reduced migration, invasiveness, mammosphere-forming efficiency, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and antiapoptotic and stemness marker levels. In PDX models, ATF4 silencing decreased metastases, tumor growth, and relapse after chemotherapy. ATF4 was shown to be active downstream of SMAD2/3/4 and mTORC2, regulating TGFβ/SMAD and mTOR/RAC1-RHOA pathways independently of stress. We defined an eight-gene signature with prognostic potential, altered in 45% of 2,509 patients with breast cancer.Conclusions: ATF4 may represent a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in patients with TNBC, and we identified a cell signaling pathway-based gene signature that may contribute to the development of combinatorial targeted therapies for breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5697-709. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián González-González
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Esperanza Muñoz-Muela
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca E Cara
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria P Molina
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Marina Cruz-Lozano
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alberto Ramírez
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Wen Chen
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Rafael J Luque
- UGC de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Carmen Rosa-Garrido
- FIBAO. Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Jaén, Spain
| | - David Landeira
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Quintana-Romero
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Roberto R Rosato
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria A García
- Department of Oncology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Hanna Kim
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jose A Lorente
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Sánchez-Rovira
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Sergio Granados-Principal
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain. .,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain.,FIBAO. Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Jaén, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jhan JR, Andrechek ER. Triple-negative breast cancer and the potential for targeted therapy. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1595-1609. [PMID: 29095114 PMCID: PMC5694022 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is composed of several well-recognized subtypes including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Without available targeted therapy options, standard of care for TNBC remains chemotherapy. It is of interest to note that TNBC tumors generally have better responses to chemotherapy compared with other subtypes. However, patients without complete response account for approximately 80% of TNBC. Mounting evidence suggests significant heterogeneity within the TNBC subtype, and studies have focused on genetic targets with high rates of altered expression. Recent studies suggest clear possibilities for benefits from targeted therapy in TNBC. In this review, we summarize studies of targeted therapy, including within mouse models, and discuss their applications in the development of combinatorial treatments to treat TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Jhan
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 Biomedical Physical Sciences Building, 567 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 Biomedical Physical Sciences Building, 567 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|