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Akram F, Tanveer R, Andleeb S, Shah FI, Ahmad T, Shehzadi S, Akhtar AM, Syed G. Deciphering the Epigenetic Symphony of Cancer: Insights and Epigenetic Therapies Implications. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241250317. [PMID: 38780251 PMCID: PMC11119348 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241250317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic machinery is a cornerstone in normal cell development, orchestrating tissue-specific gene expression in mammalian cells. Aberrations in this intricate landscape drive substantial changes in gene function, emerging as a linchpin in cancer etiology and progression. While cancer was conventionally perceived as solely a genetic disorder, its contemporary definition encompasses genetic alterations intertwined with disruptive epigenetic abnormalities. This review explores the profound impact of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs on fundamental cellular processes. When these pivotal epigenetic mechanisms undergo disruption, they intricately guide the acquisition of the 6 hallmark characteristics of cancer within seemingly normal cells. Leveraging the latest advancements in decoding these epigenetic intricacies holds immense promise, heralding a new era in developing targeted and more efficacious treatment modalities against cancers driven by aberrant epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rida Tanveer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Andleeb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Somia Shehzadi
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghania Syed
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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2
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Desingu PA, Mishra S, Dindi L, Srinivasan S, Rajmani RS, Ravi V, Tamta AK, Raghu S, Murugasamy K, Pandit AS, Sundaresan NR. PARP1 inhibition protects mice against Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113103. [PMID: 37676769 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in children. Although vaccines have been developed against the JE virus (JEV), no effective antiviral therapy exists. Our study shows that inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), an NAD+-dependent (poly-ADP) ribosyl transferase, protects against JEV infection. Interestingly, PARP1 is critical for JEV pathogenesis in Neuro-2a cells and mice. Small molecular inhibitors of PARP1, olaparib, and 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) significantly reduce clinical signs and viral load in the serum and brains of mice and improve survival. PARP1 inhibition confers protection against JEV infection by inhibiting autophagy. Mechanistically, upon JEV infection, PARP1 PARylates AKT and negatively affects its phosphorylation. In addition, PARP1 transcriptionally upregulates PTEN, the PIP3 phosphatase, negatively regulating AKT. PARP1-mediated AKT inactivation promotes autophagy and JEV pathogenesis by increasing the FoxO activity. Thus, our findings demonstrate PARP1 as a potential mediator of JEV pathogenesis that can be effectively targeted for treating JE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Arumugam Desingu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
| | - Sneha Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Lavanya Dindi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Shalini Srinivasan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Venkatraman Ravi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Tamta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Sukanya Raghu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Krishnega Murugasamy
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Anwit Shriniwas Pandit
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
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3
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Ka NL, Park MK, Kim SS, Jeon Y, Hwang S, Kim SM, Lim GY, Lee H, Lee MO. NR1D1 Stimulates Antitumor Immune Responses in Breast Cancer by Activating cGAS-STING Signaling. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3045-3058. [PMID: 37395684 PMCID: PMC10538367 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Potentiating antitumor immunity is a promising therapeutic approach for treating a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. One potential strategy to promote antitumor immunity is targeting DNA damage response. Given that the nuclear receptor NR1D1 (also known as REV-ERBα) inhibits DNA repair in breast cancer cells, we explored the role of NR1D1 in antitumor CD8+ T-cell responses. First, deletion of Nr1d1 in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice resulted in increased tumor growth and lung metastasis. Orthotopic allograft experiments suggested that loss of Nr1d1 in tumor cells rather than in stromal cells played a prominent role in increasing tumor progression. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses revealed that biological processes including type I IFN signaling and T cell-mediated immune responses were associated with NR1D1. Indeed, the expression of type I IFNs and infiltration of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in tumors were suppressed in Nr1d1-/-;MMTV-PyMT mice. Mechanistically, NR1D1 promoted DNA damage-induced accumulation of cytosolic DNA fragments and activated cGAS-STING signaling, which increased the production of type I IFNs and downstream chemokines CCL5 and CXCL10. Pharmacologic activation of NR1D1 by its ligand, SR9009, enhanced type I IFN-mediated antitumor immunity accompanied by the suppression of tumor progression and lung metastasis. Taken together, these findings reveal the critical role of NR1D1 in enhancing antitumor CD8+ T-cell responses, suggesting that NR1D1 may be a good therapeutic target for breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE NR1D1 suppresses breast cancer progression and lung metastasis by enhancing antitumor immunity via cGAS-STING pathway activation, which provides potential immunotherapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Lee Ka
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeon
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kar A, Samanta A, Mukherjee S, Barik S, Biswas A. The HBV web: An insight into molecular interactomes between the hepatitis B virus and its host en route to hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28436. [PMID: 36573429 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major aetiology associated with the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver malignancy. Over the past few decades, direct and indirect mechanisms have been identified in the pathogenesis of HBV-associated HCC which include altered signaling pathways, genome integration, mutation-induced genomic instability, chromosomal deletions and rearrangements. Intertwining of the HBV counterparts with the host cellular factors, though well established, needs to be systemized to understand the dynamics of host-HBV crosstalk and its consequences on HCC progression. Existence of a vast array of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interaction databases has led to the uncoiling of the compendia of genes/gene products associated with these interactions. This review covers the existing knowledge about the HBV-host interplay and brings it down under one canopy emphasizing on the HBV-host interactomics; and thereby highlights new strategies for therapeutic advancements against HBV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Kar
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhisekh Samanta
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumyadeep Mukherjee
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Barik
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avik Biswas
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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5
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Epstein-Barr Virus Viral Processivity Factor EA-D Facilitates Virus Lytic Replication by Inducing Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Degradation. J Virol 2022; 96:e0037122. [PMID: 36286483 PMCID: PMC9645209 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00371-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 acts as a negative regulator of lytic replication in EBV. To successfully enter the reactivation cycle, EBV has developed multiple strategies to counteract the host’s repressive mechanisms.
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Hu JX, Yang Y, Xu YY, Shen HB. GraphLoc: a graph neural network model for predicting protein subcellular localization from immunohistochemistry images. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:4941-4948. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Motivation
Recognition of protein subcellular distribution patterns and identification of location biomarker proteins in cancer tissues are important for understanding protein functions and related diseases. Immunohistochemical (IHC) images enable visualizing the distribution of proteins at the tissue level, providing an important resource for the protein localization studies. In the past decades, several image-based protein subcellular location prediction methods have been developed, but the prediction accuracies still have much space to improve due to the complexity of protein patterns resulting from multi-label proteins and variation of location patterns across cell types or states.
Results
Here, we propose a multi-label multi-instance model based on deep graph convolutional neural networks, GraphLoc, to recognize protein subcellular location patterns. GraphLoc builds a graph of multiple IHC images for one protein, learns protein-level representations by graph convolutions, and predicts multi-label information by a dynamic threshold method. Our results show that GraphLoc is a promising model for image-based protein subcellular location prediction with model interpretability. Furthermore, we apply GraphLoc to the identification of candidate location biomarkers and potential members for protein networks. A large portion of the predicted results have supporting evidence from the existing literatures and the new candidates also provide guidance for further experimental screening.
Availability
The dataset and code are available at: www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/GraphLoc.
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xian Hu
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing , Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Center for Brain-Like Computing and Machine Intelligence, , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xu
- Southern Medical University School of Biomedical Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, , Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Bin Shen
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing , Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai 200240, China
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7
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Zhang W, Guo J, Chen Q. Role of PARP-1 in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Functional Partners Encoded by This Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:2049. [PMID: 36146855 PMCID: PMC9501325 DOI: 10.3390/v14092049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that threats the majority of the world's population. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and protein poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) regulates manifold cellular functions. The role of PARP-1 and protein PARylation in HCMV infection is still unknown. In the present study, we found that the pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PARP-1 attenuated HCMV replication, and PARG inhibition favors HCMV replication. PARP-1 and its enzymatic activity were required for efficient HCMV replication. HCMV infection triggered the activation of PARP-1 and induced the translocation of PARP-1 from nucleus to cytoplasm. PARG was upregulated in HCMV-infected cells and this upregulation was independent of viral DNA replication. Moreover, we found that HCMV UL76, a true late protein of HCMV, inhibited the overactivation of PARP-1 through direct binding to the BRCT domain of PARP-1. In addition, UL76 also physically interacted with poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers through the RG/RGG motifs of UL76 which mediates its recruitment to DNA damage sites. Finally, PARP-1 inhibition or depletion potentiated HCMV-triggered induction of type I interferons. Our results uncovered the critical role of PARP-1 and PARP-1-mediated protein PARylation in HCMV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiang Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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8
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Analysis of mutations in DNA damage repair pathway gene in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12330. [PMID: 35853969 PMCID: PMC9296649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased in these years. DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway is required in response to DNA damage Gene mutations in DDR pathway play an important role in different stages of tumorigenesis and development. Based on the importance of DDR pathway in precision therapy of multiple cancers, we analyzed DDR gene mutations in Chinese patients with HCC. The results showed that (tumor mutation burden) TMB was significantly higher in HCC patients who carried somatic mutations in DDR than in non-carriers, and TMB in patients with DS, MMR mutations and DDR genes mutations such as RAD50, MLH1, MSH2, CHEK2 was significantly higher than that in wild-type patients. Based on the results of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing, we are trying to provide clues for targeted therapy and provide feasible basis for PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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9
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Chung WC, Song MJ. Virus–Host Interplay Between Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 and Oncogenic Gammaherpesviruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:811671. [PMID: 35095818 PMCID: PMC8795711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.811671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gammaherpesviruses, include the Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and murine gammaherpesvirus 68. They establish latent infection in the B lymphocytes and are associated with various lymphoproliferative diseases and tumors. The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), also called ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria-toxin-like 1 (ARTD1) is a nuclear enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety to its target proteins and participates in important cellular activities, such as the DNA-damage response, cell death, transcription, chromatin remodeling, and inflammation. In gammaherpesvirus infection, PARP1 acts as a key regulator of the virus life cycle: lytic replication and latency. These viruses also develop various strategies to regulate PARP1, facilitating their replication. This review summarizes the roles of PARP1 in the viral life cycle as well as the viral modulation of host PARP1 activity and discusses the implications. Understanding the interactions between the PARP1 and oncogenic gammaherpesviruses may lead to the identification of effective therapeutic targets for the associated diseases.
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Ka NL, Lim GY, Hwang S, Kim SS, Lee MO. IFI16 inhibits DNA repair that potentiates type-I interferon-induced antitumor effects in triple negative breast cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110138. [PMID: 34936865 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor DNA-damage response (DDR) has an important role in driving type-I interferon (IFN)-mediated host antitumor immunity, but it is not clear how tumor DNA damage is interconnected with the immune response. Here, we report the role of IFN-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) in DNA repair, which amplifies the stimulator of IFN genes (STING)-type-I IFN signaling, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). IFI16 is rapidly induced and accumulated to the histone-evicted DNA at double-stranded breakage (DSB) sites, where it inhibits recruitment of DDR factors. Subsequently, IFI16 increases the release of DNA fragments to the cytoplasm and induces STING-mediated type-I IFN production. Synergistic cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of doxorubicin and type-I IFNs are decreased upon IFI16 depletion in vivo. Furthermore, IFI16 expression correlates with improved clinical outcome in patients with TNBC treated with chemotherapy. Together, our findings suggest that type-I IFNs and IFI16 could offer potential therapeutic strategies for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Lee Ka
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ga Young Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sewon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung-Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Bio-MAX institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Medhat A, Arzumanyan A, Feitelson MA. Hepatitis B x antigen (HBx) is an important therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2421-2433. [PMID: 34853663 PMCID: PMC8629409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a human pathogen that has infected an estimated two billion people worldwide. Despite the availability of highly efficacious vaccines, universal screening of the blood supply for virus, and potent direct acting anti-viral drugs, there are more than 250 million carriers of HBV who are at risk for the sequential development of hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). More than 800,000 deaths per year are attributed to chronic hepatitis B. Many different therapeutic approaches have been developed to block virus replication, and although effective, none are curative. These treatments have little or no impact upon the portions of integrated HBV DNA, which often encode the virus regulatory protein, HBx. Although given little attention, HBx is an important therapeutic target because it contributes importantly to (a) HBV replication, (b) in protecting infected cells from immune mediated destruction during chronic infection, and (c) in the development of HCC. Thus, the development of therapies targeting HBx, combined with other established therapies, will provide a functional cure that will target virus replication and further reduce or eliminate both the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease and HCC. Simultaneous targeting of all these characteristics underscores the importance of developing therapies against HBx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Medhat
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Azad University, North Unit, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Van Damme E, Vanhove J, Severyn B, Verschueren L, Pauwels F. The Hepatitis B Virus Interactome: A Comprehensive Overview. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:724877. [PMID: 34603251 PMCID: PMC8482013 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.724877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of a prophylactic vaccine, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem affecting an estimated 292 million people globally. Current therapeutic goals are to achieve functional cure characterized by HBsAg seroclearance and the absence of HBV-DNA after treatment cessation. However, at present, functional cure is thought to be complicated due to the presence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and integrated HBV-DNA. Even if the episomal cccDNA is silenced or eliminated, it remains unclear how important the high level of HBsAg that is expressed from integrated HBV DNA is for the pathology. To identify therapies that could bring about high rates of functional cure, in-depth knowledge of the virus' biology is imperative to pinpoint mechanisms for novel therapeutic targets. The viral proteins and the episomal cccDNA are considered integral for the control and maintenance of the HBV life cycle and through direct interaction with the host proteome they help create the most optimal environment for the virus whilst avoiding immune detection. New HBV-host protein interactions are continuously being identified. Unfortunately, a compendium of the most recent information is lacking and an interactome is unavailable. This article provides a comprehensive review of the virus-host relationship from viral entry to release, as well as an interactome of cccDNA, HBc, and HBx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Van Damme
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vanhove
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium.,Early Discovery Biology, Charles River Laboratories, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bryan Severyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Springhouse, PA, United States
| | - Lore Verschueren
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Pauwels
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium
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13
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Sekiba K, Otsuka M, Koike K. Potential of HBx Gene for Hepatocarcinogenesis in Noncirrhotic Liver. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:142-149. [PMID: 33984871 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for hepatitis B virus (HBV) using nucleos(t)ide analogs cannot eliminate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. As HBV-associated HCC can develop even in the absence of liver cirrhosis, HBV is regarded to possess direct oncogenic potential. HBV regulatory protein X (HBx) has been identified as a primary mediator of HBV-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. A fragment of the HBV genome that contains the coding region of HBx is commonly integrated into the host genome, resulting in the production of aberrant proteins and subsequent hepatocarcinogenesis. Besides, HBx interferes with the host DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid damage repair pathways, signal transduction, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and cancer immunity, thereby promoting carcinogenesis in the noncirrhotic liver. However, numerous molecules and pathways have been implicated in the development of HBx-associated HCC, suggesting that the mechanisms underlying HBx-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sekiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Chung WC, Lee S, Kim Y, Seo JB, Song MJ. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus processivity factor (PF-8) recruits cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase CHFR to promote PARP1 degradation and lytic replication. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009261. [PMID: 33508027 PMCID: PMC7872283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV), which belongs to the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, is associated with the pathogenesis of various tumors. Nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) catalyzes the polymerization of ADP-ribose units on target proteins. In KSHV-infected cells, PARP1 inhibits replication and transcription activator (RTA), a molecular switch that initiates lytic replication, through direct interaction. Thus, for efficient replication, KSHV has to overcome the molecular barrier in the form of PARP1. Previously, we have demonstrated that KSHV downregulates the expression of PARP1 through PF-8, a viral processivity factor. PF-8 induces ubiquitin–proteasome system–mediated degradation of PARP1 via direct physical association and enhances RTA transactivation activity. Here, we showed that dimerization domains of PF-8 are crucial not only for PARP1 interaction and degradation but also for enhancement of the RTA transactivation activity. PF-8 recruited CHFR for the PARP1 degradation. A knockdown of CHFR attenuated the PF-8–induced PARP1 degradation and enhancement of the RTA transactivation activity, leading to reduced KSHV lytic replication. These findings reveal a mechanism by which KSHV PF-8 recruits a cellular E3 ligase to curtail the inhibitory effect of PARP1 on KSHV lytic replication. Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a member of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, is associated with the pathogenesis of various tumors. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which is involved in various cellular functions, restricts lytic replication of oncogenic gammaherpesviruses by inhibiting replication and transcription activator (RTA), a molecular switch that activates the viral lytic replication. To abrogate the inhibitory effect of PARP1, reactivated KSHV promotes PARP1 degradation via direct interaction between PARP1 and PF-8, a viral processivity factor. Dimerization domains of PF-8 were found to be critical for PARP1 interaction and degradation and for enhancing the RTA transactivation activity. Furthermore, we found that CHFR, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is required for PF-8–induced PARP1 degradation and efficient lytic replication of KSHV. This is the first study to show the role of CHFR in viral replication or pathogenicity. This study revealed a molecular mechanism via which gammaherpesviruses overcome the PARP1-mediated inhibitory effect on viral replication: by means of PF-8, which recruits a cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Chang Chung
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungrae Lee
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bok Seo
- Metabolome Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jung Song
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zhuang J, Huo Q, Yang F, Xie N. Perspectives on the Role of Histone Modification in Breast Cancer Progression and the Advanced Technological Tools to Study Epigenetic Determinants of Metastasis. Front Genet 2020; 11:603552. [PMID: 33193750 PMCID: PMC7658393 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.603552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex process that involved in various genetic and epigenetic alterations during the progression of breast cancer. Recent evidences have indicated that the mutation in the genome sequence may not be the key factor for increasing metastatic potential. Epigenetic changes were revealed to be important for metastatic phenotypes transition with the development in understanding the epigenetic basis of breast cancer. Herein, we aim to present the potential epigenetic drivers that induce dysregulation of genes related to breast tumor growth and metastasis, with a particular focus on histone modification including histone acetylation and methylation. The pervasive role of major histone modification enzymes in cancer metastasis such as histone acetyltransferases (HAT), histone deacetylases (HDACs), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and so on are demonstrated and further discussed. In addition, we summarize the recent advances of next-generation sequencing technologies and microfluidic-based devices for enhancing the study of epigenomic landscapes of breast cancer. This feature also introduces several important biotechnologists for identifying robust epigenetic biomarkers and enabling the translation of epigenetic analyses to the clinic. In summary, a comprehensive understanding of epigenetic determinants in metastasis will offer new insights of breast cancer progression and can be achieved in the near future with the development of innovative epigenomic mapping tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialang Zhuang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Huo
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Kinetics of DNA damage repair response accompanying initial hepadnavirus-host genomic integration in woodchuck hepatitis virus infection of hepatocyte. Cancer Genet 2020; 244:1-10. [PMID: 32062411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism of initial hepatitis B virus (HBV) integrations and kinetics of DNA repair immediately after infection remain essentially unknown impairing understanding of hepadnaviral oncogenesis. WCM260 hepatocytes susceptible to HBV-compatible woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) were examined from 15 min to 72 h post-infection (p.i.). WHV strongly induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), transiently inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and DNA damage from 15 min p.i. All initial WHV-host fusions had the head-to-tail format indicating their formation by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Transcription of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), the PARP1 binding partner, were induced in 30 min p.i. and that of 8-oxyguanine DNA glycosylse (OGG1) responding to oxidative DNA damage at 12 h p.i. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a marker of PARP1 activation, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), an indicator of pro-oxidative stress, were significantly augmented from 15-30 min p.i. Additionally, PARP1 cleavage activity was evident from 30 min p.i. confirming that PARP1-mediated DNA repair became operational almost instatly after hepatocyte contact with virus. By applying complementary approaches, the study showed that initial WHV integration was due to virus-induced oxidative DNA damage and implied that the NHEJ PARP1-dependent repair pathway determined format of the first virus-host DNA junctions.
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17
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Yao L, Zhou Y, Sui Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xie H, Gao H, Fan H, Zhang Y, Liu M, Li S, Tang H. HBV-encoded miR-2 functions as an oncogene by downregulating TRIM35 but upregulating RAN in liver cancer cells. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:117-129. [PMID: 31530503 PMCID: PMC6838411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been well established as a high-risk factor for the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cellular microRNA (miRNA) is involved in tumorigenesis by accelerating the malignant phenotype in HCC. However, whether HBV can encode miRNAs that contribute to HCC is not entirely clear. METHODS In this study, an miRNA encoded by HBV (HBV-miR-2) was identified by Solexa sequencing in HBV-positive HCC specimens and further verified in serum samples from HCC patients with HBV infection and in HBV-positive HCC cell lines. To evaluate the roles of HBV-miR-2 in liver cancer cells, we determined cell viability and migration/invasion ability by gain-of-function experiment in HBV(-) liver cancer cells (HepG2 and Huh7) and loss-of-function experiments in Huh7 cells stably expressing HBV-miR-2 (Huh7/HBV-miR-2 cells) and HepG2.2.15 cells. Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanism by which HBV-miR-2 work on cell malignancy, we identified and studied the effect of two target genes (TRIM35 and RAN) of HBV-miR-2 in liver cancer cells. FINDINGS We revealed that HBV-miR-2 promoted HCC cell growth ability by suppressing apoptosis and promoting migration and invasion by enhancing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), functioning as an oncogene in the development of HBV-related HCC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HBV-miR-2 suppresses the expression of TRIM35 but enhances RAN expression by targeting their 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR) and that the ectopic expression of TRIM35 or knockdown of RAN counteracted the malignant phenotypes induced by HBV-miR-2. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that an HBV-encoded miRNA, HBV-miR-2, promotes oncogenic activity by downregulating TRIM35 expression and upregulating RAN expression in liver cancer cells, likely providing insight into tumorigenesis in HBV-related liver cancer. FUND: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 81830094; 91629302; 31270818) and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No: 12JCZDJC25100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yao
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhenhua Sui
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yankun Liu
- The Cancer Institute, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063001, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Huijie Gao
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hongxia Fan
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Min Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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18
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Yu Q, Cao S, Tang H, Li J, Guo W, Zhang S. Clinical significance of aberrant DEUP1 promoter methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1356-1364. [PMID: 31423198 PMCID: PMC6607367 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies have shown that methylation of tumor suppressor genes plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Deuterosome assembly protein 1 (DEUP1) has been implicated as a suppressor gene in some tumors and promoter methylation led to silencing of its expression. However, the roles of DEUP1 promoter methylation and expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not clear. In the present study, the expression and methylation of the DEUP1 promoter in HCC was investigated and the correlations with HCC occurrence and development were explored. A total of 60 HCC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues were included in this study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, bisulfite PCR sequencing, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were applied to detect the methylation status of the DEUP1 promoter and its expression, and to analyze their associations with clinicopathological data. The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of DEUP1 in adjacent non-tumor tissues was significantly increased compared with in the HCC tissues. DEUP1 promoter methylation was detected in 46/60 (76.7%) tumor tissues and there was a negative correlation between promoter methylation and DEUP1 protein expression (P<0.05). Analysis of the clinicopathological data revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of DEUP1, and its promoter methylation status, was associated with tumor node metastasis stage and tumor differentiation. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that methylation of the DEUP1 promoter maybe an important mechanism for gene inactivation and has a critical role in the occurrence and development of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shengli Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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19
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Li Y, Fu Y, Hu X, Sun L, Tang D, Li N, Peng F, Fan XG. The HBx-CTTN interaction promotes cell proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma via CREB1. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:405. [PMID: 31138777 PMCID: PMC6538608 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus-encoded X protein (HBx) acts as a tumor promoter during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, probably by regulating the expression of host proteins through protein–protein interaction. A proteomics approach was used to identify HBx-interacting proteins involved in HBx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. We validated the proteomics findings by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. We performed cell proliferation, migration assays and cell cycle analyses in HCC cells. Finally, we confirmed the clinical significance of our findings in samples from patients. We found that cortactin (CTTN) is a novel HBx-interacting protein, and HBx regulates the expression of CTTN in the HCC cell lines MHCC-LM3 and HepG2. Mechanistically, by upregulating the expression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB1) and its downstream targets, such as cyclin D1 and MMP-9, the effects of the HBx-CTTN interaction on the enhancement of cellular proliferation and migration were maintained by inhibiting cell cycle arrest. In addition, we demonstrated that the levels of CTTN and CREB1 were closely correlated in clinical samples from HBV-infected patients with HCC. Overall, our data suggests that HBx contributes to cell migration and proliferation of HCC cells by interacting with CTTN and regulating the expression of CTTN and CREB1. Therefore, the HBx/CTTN/CREB1 axis is a potential novel therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongming Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingwang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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20
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Lin J, Shi J, Guo H, Yang X, Jiang Y, Long J, Bai Y, Wang D, Yang X, Wan X, Zhang L, Pan J, Hu K, Guan M, Huo L, Sang X, Wang K, Zhao H. Alterations in DNA Damage Repair Genes in Primary Liver Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4701-4711. [PMID: 31068370 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alterations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes produce therapeutic biomarkers. However, the characteristics and significance of DDR alterations remain undefined in primary liver cancer (PLC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients diagnosed with PLC were enrolled in the trial (PTHBC, NCT02715089). Tumors and matched blood samples from participants were collected for a targeted next-generation sequencing assay containing exons of 450 cancer-related genes, including 31 DDR genes. The OncoKB knowledge database was used to identify and classify actionable alterations, and therapeutic regimens were determined after discussion by a multidisciplinary tumor board. RESULTS A total of 357 patients with PLC were enrolled, including 214 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 122 with ICC, and 21 with mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. A total of 92 (25.8%) patients had at least one DDR gene mutation, 15 of whom carried germline mutations. The most commonly altered DDR genes were ATM (5%) and BRCA1/2 (4.8%). The occurrence of DDR mutations was significantly correlated with a higher tumor mutation burden regardless of the PLC pathologic subtype. For DDR-mutated PLC, 26.1% (24/92) of patients possessed at least one actionable alteration, and the actionable frequency in DDR wild-type PLC was 18.9% (50/265). Eight patients with the BRCA mutation were treated by olaparib, and patients with BRCA2 germline truncation mutations showed an objective response. CONCLUSIONS The landscape of DDR mutations and their association with genetic and clinicopathologic features demonstrated that patients with PLC with altered DDR genes may be rational candidates for precision oncology treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Junyu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueshuai Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Radiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- OrigiMed, Shanghai, China.
- Zhejiang University International Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Ju C, Liu C, Yan S, Wang Y, Mao X, Liang M, Huang K. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 is required for hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:531-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Li Y, Xu A, Jia S, Huang J. Recent advances in the molecular mechanism of sex disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4222-4228. [PMID: 30988804 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more frequently observed and aggressive in men compared with women. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the sex disparity appears to be mediated by the stimulatory effects of androgens and the protective effects of estrogen in the development and progression of HCC. In the past few decades, studies on the sex difference of HCC mainly focused on the effect of sex hormones on the transactivation of hepatitis B virus X protein and the release of inflammatory cytokines, and these studies have further intensified in recent years. Sex hormones are also involved in genetic alterations and DNA damage repair in hepatocytes through binding to their specific cellular receptors and affecting the corresponding signaling pathways. Furthermore, the theory of sex chromosomes participating in HCC has been considered. The present review discussed the recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of sex disparity in HCC, with the aim of improving the understanding of the underlying critical factors and exploring more effective methods for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Li
- Experimental Center, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Anjian Xu
- Experimental Center, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Jia
- Experimental Center, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Experimental Center, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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23
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Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes DNA damage propagation through disruption of liver polyploidization and enhances hepatocellular carcinoma initiation. Oncogene 2018; 38:2645-2657. [PMID: 30538294 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) contributes to Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cancer. However, its impact on hepatocyte proliferation and genomic stability remains elusive. We studied the role of HBx expression on the progression of cell cycle and liver polyploidization during proliferation and liver carcinogenesis. Full-length HBx transgenic mice (FL-HBx) were developed to investigate liver ploidy as well as hepatocyte proliferation, along normal liver maturation and during cancer initiation (chemical carcinogen treatment). Investigation of postnatal liver development in FL-HBx showed an aberrant G1/S and G2/M transitions, triggered (1) a delay of the formation of hepatocytes binucleation, (2) the early synthesis of polyploidy nuclei (≥4n) and (3) DNA damage appearance. Moreover, HBV infection during hepatocytes proliferation in a humanized liver mouse model led, to modifications in polyploidy of hepatocytes. In initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma, FL-HBx protein decreased ChK1 phosphorylation, Mre11 and Rad51 expression, upregulated IL-6 expression and impaired apoptosis. This was related to DNA damage accumulation in FL-HBx mice. At day 75 after initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma, FL-HBx mice revealed significant cell cycle changes related to the increased amount of 4n nuclei and of markers of cancer progenitor cells. Finally, PLK1 upregulation and p38/ERK activation in FL-HBx mice were implicated in aberrant polyploidization favoring DNA damage propagation and hepatocyte transformation. In conclusion, our data indicate that FL-HBx protein increases DNA damage through the hijack of hepatocyte polyploidization. That leads to enhancement of hepatocellular carcinoma initiation in an inflammatory context.
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24
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Kostyusheva A, Kostyushev D, Brezgin S, Volchkova E, Chulanov V. Clinical Implications of Hepatitis B Virus RNA and Covalently Closed Circular DNA in Monitoring Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Today with a Gaze into the Future: The Field Is Unprepared for a Sterilizing Cure. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E483. [PMID: 30301171 PMCID: PMC6210151 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has long remained a critical global health issue. Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is a persistent form of the HBV genome that maintains HBV chronicity. Decades of extensive research resulted in the two therapeutic options currently available: nucleot(s)ide analogs and interferon (IFN) therapy. A plethora of reliable markers to monitor HBV patients has been established, including the recently discovered encapsidated pregenomic RNA in serum, which can be used to determine treatment end-points and to predict the susceptibility of patients to IFN. Additionally, HBV RNA splice variants and cccDNA and its epigenetic modifications are associated with the clinical course and risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver fibrosis. However, new antivirals, including CRISPR/Cas9, APOBEC-mediated degradation of cccDNA, and T-cell therapies aim at completely eliminating HBV, and it is clear that the diagnostic arsenal for defining the long-awaited sterilizing cure is missing. In this review, we discuss the currently available tools for detecting and measuring HBV RNAs and cccDNA, as well as the state-of-the-art in clinical implications of these markers, and debate needs and goals within the context of the sterilizing cure that is soon to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey Brezgin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, 111123, Russia.
- National Research Centre, Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
| | - Elena Volchkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 119146, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, 111123, Russia.
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 119146, Russia.
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25
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Song X, Tan S, Wu Z, Xu L, Wang Z, Xu Y, Wang T, Gao C, Gong Y, Liang X, Gao L, Spear BT, Ma C. HBV suppresses ZHX2 expression to promote proliferation of HCC through miR-155 activation. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:3120-3130. [PMID: 29752719 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a complex process that includes both oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition. The HBV X (HBx) protein has an important and complex role in processes leading to HCC. We previously identified the mammalian Zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2) gene as an HCC-associated tumor suppressor gene. In the present study, we investigated whether the oncogenic properties of HBV and, more specifically, HBx, involved ZHX2 silencing. Our data indicates that ZHX2 expression is significantly decreased in tumor tissues from HBV-positive HCC patients and livers from HBV transgenic mice. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that HBV-encoded proteins, particularly HBx, inhibits both the expression and tumor suppression properties of ZHX2. Further analyses identified miR-155, a well-known oncomiR in various cancers, as an important link between HBx and ZHX2 inhibition. Increased miR-155 levels were found in HBV-positive tumors, livers of HBV transgenic mice and HBx-overexpressing hepatoma cell lines. MiR-155 overexpression reduced ZHX2 levels via miR-155 seed sites in the ZHX2 3'UTR, whereas blocking miR-155 levels led to increased ZHX2 levels. Taken together, our data indicate that HCC-promoting properties of HBV may include ZHX2 silencing via a miR-155 dependent pathway and suggests a novel therapy for HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Song
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Tan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiqi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Genetics, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Brett T Spear
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Lexington, KY.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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26
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Zhang D, Liu H, Lin J, Ye D. Hepatitis B Virus Infection Dampens CtIP Expression in Hepatoma Cell. J Cancer 2018; 9:1182-1187. [PMID: 29675099 PMCID: PMC5907666 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dysregulation of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair may explain the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. Tumor suppressor CtIP plays a critical role in DSB repair. The purpose of present study was to clarify whether HBV affects CtIP expression in DSB repair of hepatoma cell. HepG2.2.15 was selected as the HBV positive hepatoma cell line, while HepG2 as the HBV negative hepatoma cell line. The two cell lines were treated with bleomycin to induce DSB. Bleomycin treatment could result in DSB by γ-H2AX detection. CtIP gene expression was significantly upregulated after DSB in both HepG2 and HepG2.2.15, while CtIP expression of HepG2.2.15 was higher than that observed in HepG2 before and after DSB. CtIP protein expression was the same pattern as its gene expression. Phosphorylated CtIP (p-CtIP, serine site) was even lower than detectable limit in both HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 before DSB. However, p-CtIP of HepG2.2.15 was significantly lower than that of HepG2 after DSB. These results suggest that HBV could interfere CtIP via enhancing its expression while dampening its phosphorylation, which may disrupt DSB repair pathways and implicate CtIP dysfunction in HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojing Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jusheng Lin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Duyun Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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27
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HBx-elevated SIRT2 promotes HBV replication and hepatocarcinogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:904-910. [PMID: 29366781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a class III histone deacetylase that has been implicated to promote HCC development. However, the functional role of SIRT2 in HBV is still unclear. In this study, we found that HBV could upregulate SIRT2 expression. Additionally, HBx could activate SIRT2 promoter to upregulate the mRNA and protein level of SIRT2. Furthermore, we found that SIRT2 could facilitate HBV transcription and replication. Finally, we demonstrated that upregulation of SIRT2 by HBx promoted hepatocarcinogenesis. In summary, our findings revealed a novel function of SIRT2 in HBV and HBV-mediated HCC. First, SIRT2 could promote HBV replication. And then HBx-elevated SIRT2 could enhance the transformation of HBV-mediated HCC. Those findings highlight the potential role of SIRT2 in HBV and HBV-mediated HCC by interaction with HBx.
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28
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Fu S, Wang J, Hu X, Zhou RR, Fu Y, Tang D, Kang R, Huang Y, Sun L, Li N, Fan XG. Crosstalk between hepatitis B virus X and high-mobility group box 1 facilitates autophagy in hepatocytes. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:322-338. [PMID: 29316268 PMCID: PMC5830655 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X (HBx) protein is a pivotal regulator of HBV-triggered autophagy. However, the role of HBx-induced epigenetic changes in autophagy remains largely unknown. The cytoplasmic (Cyt) high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been identified as a positive regulator of autophagy, and its Cyt translocation is closely associated with its acetylation status. Here, we evaluated the function of HMGB1 in HBx-mediated autophagy and its association with histone deacetylase (HDAC). Using cell lines with enforced expression of HBx, we demonstrated that HBx upregulated the expression of HMGB1 and promoted its Cyt translocation by acetylation to facilitate autophagy. We further identified the underlying mechanism by which decreased nuclear HDAC activity and expression levels contribute to the HBx-promoted hyperacetylation and subsequent translocation of HMGB1. We also identified the HDAC1 isoform as a critical factor in regulating this phenomenon. In addition, HBx bound to HMGB1 in the cytoplasm, which triggered autophagy in hepatocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of HMGB1 Cyt translocation with ethyl pyruvate prevented HBx-induced autophagy. These results demonstrate a novel function of acetylated HMGB1 in HBx-mediated autophagy in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingwang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongming Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Li J, Dou D, Li P, Luo W, Lv W, Zhang C, Song X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Xiao F, Wei Y, Qin J, Li H, Yang X. PARP-1 serves as a novel molecular marker for hepatocellular carcinoma in a Southern Chinese Zhuang population. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317706914. [PMID: 28714367 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317706914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Since its effects on different populations are varied, this study investigated the impact of PARP-1 on primary hepatocellular carcinoma in a Southern Chinese Zhuang population. We assessed the global PARP-1 messenger RNA expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Increased PARP-1 expression, related to alpha-fetoprotein level, was observed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 0.833. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that higher PARP-1 expression was not correlated with poorer overall survival and recurrence-free survival. In a Zhuang population, PARP-1 messenger RNA and protein levels were increased in the hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and its adjacent liver tissues as assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Higher PARP-1 level was associated with a higher tumor stage (p < 0.05), without correlation with age, gender, smoking, drinking, tumor size, serum alpha-fetoprotein level, hepatitis B virus infection, metastasis, and invasion (p > 0.05). Further analysis suggested that H2AX, a PARP-1 protein interaction partner, was coordinated with PARP-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. Overall, some new characteristics of PARP-1 expression were noted in the Zhuang population. PARP-1 is a novel promising diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma in the Southern Chinese Zhuang population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Li
- 1 Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Dou
- 1 Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China.,2 Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- 3 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- 3 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Lv
- 4 Department of Urology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- 5 School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- 1 Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- 5 School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuening Zhang
- 1 Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhen Xu
- 1 Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Feifan Xiao
- 1 Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wei
- 3 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qin
- 6 School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Li
- 1 Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- 1 Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
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30
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Huang F, Cai P, Wang Y, Zhou X, Chen H, Liao W, Mao Y, Zha X, Zhang H, Hu Z. Up-regulation of brain-expressed X-linked 2 is critical for hepatitis B virus X protein-induced hepatocellular carcinoma development. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65789-65799. [PMID: 29029472 PMCID: PMC5630372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause for HCC. Hepatitis B virus X (HBx), one of four proteins encoded by HBV genome, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC. However, the molecular mechanisms of HBx-triggered HCC remain largely undetermined. Here we revealed that the expression of Brain-expressed X-linked 2 (BEX2) and Osteopontin (OPN) were elevated in liver tissues of HBV transgenic mice and human HCC specimens. Moreover, a positive correlation between BEX2 and OPN was exhibited in samples from HCC patients with HBV infection. The protein levels of BEX2 and OPN were both higher in HBV-positive HCC specimens compared to that of HBV-negative HCC specimens. HBx potentiated OPN expression through up-regulation of BEX2. Importantly, the depletion of BEX2 suppressed tumorigenic potential of HCC cells with highly expressed HBx. We demonstrated the important role of BEX2 in HCC pathogenesis, and BEX2 may be a novel therapeutic target for HCC patients with HBV infection. The newly identified HBx/BEX2/OPN signaling cassette is implicated in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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31
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Ka NL, Na TY, Na H, Lee MH, Park HS, Hwang S, Kim IY, Seong JK, Lee MO. NR1D1 Recruitment to Sites of DNA Damage Inhibits Repair and Is Associated with Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2453-2463. [PMID: 28249904 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair capacity is critical for survival of cancer cells upon therapeutic DNA damage and thus is an important determinant of susceptibility to chemotherapy in cancer patients. In this study, we identified a novel function of nuclear receptor NR1D1 in DNA repair, which enhanced chemosensitivity in breast cancer cells. NR1D1 inhibited both nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination double-strand breaks repair, and delayed the clearance of γH2AX DNA repair foci that formed after treatment of doxorubicin. PARylation of NR1D1 by PARP1 drove its recruitment to damaged DNA lesions. Deletion of the ligand binding domain of NR1D1 that interacted with PARP1, or treatment of 6-(5H)-phenanthridinone, an inhibitor of PARP1, suppressed the recruitment of NR1D1 to DNA damaged sites, indicating PARylation as a critical step for the NR1D1 recruitment. NR1D1 inhibited recruitment of the components of DNA damage response complex such as SIRT6, pNBS1, and BRCA1 to DNA lesions. Downregulation of NR1D1 in MCF7 cells resulted in resistance to doxorubicin, both in vitro and in vivo Analysis of four public patient data sets indicated that NR1D1 expression correlates positively with clinical outcome in breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy. Our findings suggest that NR1D1 and its ligands provide therapeutic options that could enhance the outcomes of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2453-63. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Lee Ka
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Na
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyelin Na
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Su Park
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sewon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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32
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Shin GC, Kang HS, Lee AR, Kim KH. Hepatitis B virus-triggered autophagy targets TNFRSF10B/death receptor 5 for degradation to limit TNFSF10/TRAIL response. Autophagy 2016; 12:2451-2466. [PMID: 27740879 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1239002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptors of TNFSF10/TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 10) contribute to immune surveillance against virus-infected or transformed cells by promoting apoptosis. Many viruses evade antiviral immunity by modulating TNFSF10 receptor signaling, leading to persistent infection. Here, we report that hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) restricts TNFSF10 receptor signaling via macroautophagy/autophagy-mediated degradation of TNFRSF10B/DR5, a TNFSF10 death receptor, and thus permits survival of virus-infected cells. We demonstrate that the expression of the TNFRSF10B protein is dramatically reduced both in liver tissues of chronic hepatitis B patients and in cell lines transfected with HBV or HBx. HBx-mediated downregulation of TNFRSF10B is caused by the lysosomal, but not proteasomal, degradation pathway. Immunoblotting analysis of LC3B and SQSTM1, and microscopy analysis of tandem-fluorescence-tagged LC3B revealed that HBx promotes complete autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy with a pharmacological inhibitor and LC3B knockdown revealed that HBx-induced autophagy is crucial for TNFRSF10B degradation. Immunoprecipitation and GST affinity isolation assays showed that HBx directly interacts with TNFRSF10B and recruits it to phagophores, the precursors to autophagosomes. We confirmed that autophagy activation is related to the downregulation of the TNFRSF10B protein in liver tissues of chronic hepatitis B patients. Inhibition of autophagy enhanced the susceptibility of HBx-infected hepatocytes to TNFSF10. These results identify the dual function of HBx in TNFRSF10B degradation: HBx plays a role as an autophagy receptor-like molecule, which promotes the association of TNFRSF10B with LC3B; HBx is also an autophagy inducer. Our data suggest a molecular mechanism for HBV evasion from TNFSF10-mediated antiviral immunity, which may contribute to chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu-Choul Shin
- a Department of Pharmacology , Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea.,b KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Ah Ram Lee
- a Department of Pharmacology , Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- a Department of Pharmacology , Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea.,b KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea.,c Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
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33
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Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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