1
|
Li G, Zhao R, Xie Z, Qu X, Duan Y, Zhu Y, Liang H, Tang D, Li Z, He W. Mining bone metastasis related key genes of prostate cancer from the STING pathway based on machine learning. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1372495. [PMID: 38835789 PMCID: PMC11148254 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1372495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent malignant tumor in male, and bone metastasis occurs in about 70% of patients with advanced disease. The STING pathway, an innate immune signaling mechanism, has been shown to play a key role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cancerous bone pain. Hence, exploring regulatory mechanism of STING in PCa bone metastasis will bring novel opportunities for treating PCa bone metastasis. Methods First, key genes were screened from STING-related genes (SRGs) based on random forest algorithm and their predictive performance was evaluated. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of key genes was performed to explore their roles in prostate carcinogenesis, metastasis and tumor immunity. Next, cellular experiments were performed to verify the role of RELA in proliferation and migration in PCa cells, meanwhile, based on immunohistochemistry, we verified the difference of RELA expression between PCa primary foci and bone metastasis. Finally, based on the key genes to construct an accurate and reliable nomogram, and mined targeting drugs of key genes. Results In this study, three key genes for bone metastasis were mined from SRGs based on the random forest algorithm. Evaluation analysis showed that the key genes had excellent prediction performance, and it also showed that the key genes played a key role in carcinogenesis, metastasis and tumor immunity in PCa by comprehensive analysis. In addition, cellular experiments and immunohistochemistry confirmed that overexpression of RELA significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of PCa cells, and RELA was significantly low-expression in bone metastasis. Finally, the constructed nomogram showed excellent predictive performance in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC, AUC = 0.99) curve, calibration curve, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) curve; and the targeted drugs showed good molecular docking effects. Conclusion In sum, this study not only provides a new theoretical basis for the mechanism of PCa bone metastasis, but also provides novel therapeutic targets and novel diagnostic tools for advanced PCa treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqiang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Runhan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingtao Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yafei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dagang Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zefang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qianjiang Hospital Affiliated with Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyang He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Zhao B, Peng J, Tang H, Wang S, Peng S, Ye F, Wang J, Ouyang K, Li J, Cai M, Chen Y. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling unveils novel strategies to overcome drug resistance in cancers. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101042. [PMID: 38219532 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance in cancer remains a major challenge in oncology, impeding the effectiveness of various treatment modalities. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway has emerged as a critical player in the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between NF-κB and drug resistance in cancer. We delve into the molecular mechanisms through which NF-κB activation contributes to resistance against chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. Additionally, we discuss potential strategies to overcome this resistance by targeting NF-κB signaling, such as small molecule inhibitors and combination therapies. Understanding the multifaceted interactions between NF-κB and drug resistance is crucial for the development of more effective cancer treatment strategies. By dissecting the complex signaling network of NF-κB, we hope to shed light on novel therapeutic approaches that can enhance treatment outcomes, ultimately improving the prognosis for cancer patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on NF-κB and its role in drug resistance, offering insights that may guide future research and therapeutic interventions in the fight against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Baiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Juzheng Peng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Sicheng Peng
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Junye Wang
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Kai Ouyang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Manbo Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Yongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharma A, Kumar R, Varadwaj P. Developing human olfactory network and exploring olfactory receptor-odorant interaction. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8941-8960. [PMID: 36310099 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2138976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Olfactory receptor (OR)-odorant interactions are perplexed. ORs can bind to structurally diverse odorants associated with one or more odor percepts. Various attempts have been made to understand the intricacies of OR-odorant interaction. In this study, experimentally documented OR-odorant interactions are investigated comprehensively to; (a) suggest potential odor percepts for ORs based on the OR-OR network; (b) determine how odorants interacting with specific ORs differ in terms of inherent pharmacophoric features and molecular properties, (c) identify molecular interactions that explained OR-odorant interactions of selective ORs; and (d) predict the probable role of ORs other than olfaction. Human olfactory receptor network (hORnet) is developed to study possible odor percepts for ORs. We identified six molecular properties which showed variation and significant patterns to differentiate odorants binding with five ORs. The pharmacophore analysis revealed that odorants subset of five ORs follow similar pharmacophore hypothesis, (one hydrogen acceptor and two hydrophobic regions) but differ in terms of distance and orientation of pharmacophoric features. To ascertain the binding site residues and key interactions between the selected ORs and their interacting odorants, 3D-structure modelling, docking and molecular dynamics studies were carried out. Lastly, the potential role of ORs beyond olfaction is explored. A human OR-OR network was developed to suggest possible odor percepts for ORs using empirically proven OR-odorant interactions. We sought to find out significant characteristics, molecular properties, and molecular interactions that could explain OR-odorant interactions and add to the understanding of the complex issue of odor perception.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pritish Varadwaj
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fischer GM, Gliem TJ, Greipp PT, Rosenberg AE, Folpe AL, Hornick JL. Anaplastic Kaposi Sarcoma: A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Genetic Analysis. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100191. [PMID: 37080393 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)-associated vascular proliferation that most often involves the skin. Rarely, KS shows marked nuclear atypia or pleomorphism; such examples are known as "anaplastic" KS. This poorly characterized variant often pursues an aggressive course; little is known of its genetic landscape. This study evaluated the clinicopathologic and genomic features of anaplastic KS. We identified 9 anaplastic KS cases from 7 patients and 8 conventional KS cases, including a matched conventional KS and primary metastasis anaplastic KS pair from a single patient (anaplastic KS diagnosed 9 years after conventional KS). All patients with anaplastic KS were men, aged 51 to 82 years, who had locally aggressive tumors predominantly affecting the soft tissue and bone of the lower extremities (5/7 patients). Four patients were known to be HIV positive (all on antiretrovirals), 2 were HIV negative, and 1 was of unknown HIV status. The tumors showed angiosarcoma-like or pleomorphic spindle cell sarcoma morphology. Plasma cell-rich chronic inflammation and hemosiderin deposition were commonly present. Single-nucleotide polymorphism-based chromosomal microarray analysis showed the anaplastic KS cohort to demonstrate highly recurrent whole chromosome (chr) gains of chr 7, 11, 19, and 21, which primarily affected olfactory and G protein-coupled receptor signaling and losses of chr6_q and chrY. Compared with conventional KS, anaplastic KS cases showed significantly more total copy number alterations and more frequent gains of chr7 and chr11_q13.1 (MARK2, RELA, and ESRRA, including high copy number gain in 1 case). Pathway analysis demonstrated that these gains preferentially affected genes that facilitate cyclin-dependent cell signaling. Furthermore, anaplastic KS cases were phylogenetically distinct from conventional KS cases, including the patient-matched primary metastasis anaplastic KS pair and conventional KS. Our study is the first to demonstrate that a more complex genome and distinct copy number alterations distinguish anaplastic KS from conventional KS. Gains of chr7 and chr11_q13.1 appear central to biological transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant M Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Troy J Gliem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patricia T Greipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew E Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Andrew L Folpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Rashidi RR, Noraldeen SAM, Kareem AK, Mahmoud AK, Kadhum WR, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Iswanto AH, Obaid RF, Jalil AT, Mustafa YF, Nabavi N, Wang Y, Wang L. Malignant function of nuclear factor-kappaB axis in prostate cancer: Molecular interactions and regulation by non-coding RNAs. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106775. [PMID: 37075872 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma is a malignant situation that arises from genomic alterations in the prostate, leading to changes in tumorigenesis. The NF-κB pathway modulates various biological mechanisms, including inflammation and immune responses. Dysregulation of NF-κB promotes carcinogenesis, including increased proliferation, invasion, and therapy resistance. As an incurable disease globally, prostate cancer is a significant health concern, and research into genetic mutations and NF-κB function has the efficacy to facilitate the introduction of novel therapies. NF-κB upregulation is observed during prostate cancer progression, resulting in increased cell cycle progression and proliferation rates. Additionally, NF-κB endorses resistance to cell death and enhances the capacity for metastasis, particularly bone metastasis. Overexpression of NF-κB triggers chemoresistance and radio-resistance, and inhibition of NF-κB by anti-tumor compounds can reduce cancer progression. Interestingly, non-coding RNA transcripts can regulate NF-κB level and its nuclear transfer, offering a potential avenue for modulating prostate cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Kamil Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Iraq
| | | | - Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia
| | - Acim Heri Iswanto
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rasha Fadhel Obaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, V5Z1L3 Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu X, Khater M, Wu G. The olfactory receptor OR51E2 activates ERK1/2 through the Golgi-localized Gβγ-PI3Kγ-ARF1 pathway in prostate cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1009380. [PMID: 36313302 PMCID: PMC9606680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory receptor OR51E2 is ectopically expressed in prostate tissues and regulates prostate cancer progression, but its function and regulation in oncogenic mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) activation are poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that β-ionone, an OR51E2 agonist, dose-dependently activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in prostate cancer cells, with an EC50 value of approximate 20 μM and an efficiency comparable to other receptor agonists. We also find that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of Golgi-translocating Gγ9 subunit, phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) and the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), as well as pharmacological inhibition of Gβγ, PI3Kγ and Golgi-localized ARF1, each abolishes ERK1/2 activation by β-ionone. We further show that β-ionone significantly promotes ARF1 translocation to the Golgi and activates ARF1 that can be inhibited by Gγ9 and PI3Kγ depletion. Collectively, our data demonstrate that OR51E2 activates ERK1/2 through the Gβγ-PI3Kγ-ARF1 pathway that occurs spatially at the Golgi, and also provide important insights into MAPK hyper-activation in prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, Chen J, Chen X, Yu J, Guo Y, Li M, Pu X. Therapeutic and prognostic potential of GPCRs in prostate cancer from multi-omics landscape. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997664. [PMID: 36110544 PMCID: PMC9468875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PRAD) is a common and fatal malignancy. It is difficult to manage clinically due to drug resistance and poor prognosis, thus creating an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. Although G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been most attractive for drug development, there have been lack of an exhaustive assessment on GPCRs in PRAD like their molecular features, prognostic and therapeutic values. To close this gap, we herein systematically investigate multi-omics profiling for GPCRs in the primary PRAD by analyzing somatic mutations, somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs), DNA methylation and mRNA expression. GPCRs exhibit low expression levels and mutation frequencies while SCNAs are more prevalent. 46 and 255 disease-related GPCRs are identified by the mRNA expression and DNA methylation analysis, respectively, complementing information lack in the genome analysis. In addition, the genomic alterations do not exhibit an observable correlation with the GPCR expression, reflecting the complex regulatory processes from DNA to RNA. Conversely, a tight association is observed between the DNA methylation and mRNA expression. The virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation further identify four potential drugs in repositioning to PRAD. The combination of 3 clinical characteristics and 26 GPCR molecular features revealed by the transcriptome and genome exhibit good performance in predicting progression-free survival in patients with the primary PRAD, providing candidates as new biomarkers. These observations from the multi-omics analysis on GPCRs provide new insights into the underlying mechanism of primary PRAD and potential of GPCRs in developing therapeutic strategies on PRAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Pu, ; Menglong Li,
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Pu, ; Menglong Li,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakashima A, Nakashima N, Nakashima K, Takano M. Olfactory receptor 78 is expressed in hypothalamic vasopressin/oxytocin neurons, parenchymal microglia and choroidal macrophages in mice. Mol Brain 2022; 15:29. [PMID: 35379313 PMCID: PMC8981654 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors have been detected in extraolfactory organs. Olfactory receptor 78 (Olfr78), proposed to respond to small organic acids, is widely expressed in the kidney, arterioles, colon, and prostate. However, its expression patterns in the brain remain largely unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we revealed that Olfr78 was densely expressed in the hypothalamus and choroid plexus and sparsely expressed throughout the parenchyma. By costaining with cellular markers, we further found that Olfr78 was expressed in the somata and axons of vasopressin/oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular/supraoptic nuclei. Olfr78 was also strongly expressed in macrophages in the choroid plexus and moderately expressed in microglia near the parenchymal vasculature. Considering that these brain regions should communicate with cerebral blood flow, Olfr78 could contribute to sensing the humoral conditions surrounding the cerebrovascular system.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Odorant receptors (ORs), the largest subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, detect odorants in the nose. In addition, ORs were recently shown to be expressed in many nonolfactory tissues and cells, indicating that these receptors have physiological and pathophysiological roles beyond olfaction. Many ORs are expressed by tumor cells and tissues, suggesting that they may be associated with cancer progression or may be cancer biomarkers. This review describes OR expression in various types of cancer and the association of these receptors with various types of signaling mechanisms. In addition, the clinical relevance and significance of the levels of OR expression were evaluated. Namely, levels of OR expression in cancer were analyzed based on RNA-sequencing data reported in the Cancer Genome Atlas; OR expression patterns were visualized using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE); and the associations between patient survival and levels of OR expression were analyzed. These analyses of the relationships between patient survival and expression patterns obtained from an open mRNA database in cancer patients indicate that ORs may be cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Chung
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- New Biology Research Center (NBRC), DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - ChaeEun Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- New Biology Research Center (NBRC), DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - JaeHyung Koo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- New Biology Research Center (NBRC), DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li M, Schweiger MW, Ryan DJ, Nakano I, Carvalho LA, Tannous BA. Olfactory receptor 5B21 drives breast cancer metastasis. iScience 2021; 24:103519. [PMID: 34917897 PMCID: PMC8666352 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs), responsible for the sense of smell, play an essential role in various physiological processes outside the nasal epithelium, including cancer. In breast cancer, however, the expression and function of ORs remain understudied. We examined the significance of OR transcript abundance in primary and metastatic breast cancer to the brain, bone, and lung. Although 20 OR transcripts were differentially expressed in distant metastases, OR5B21 displayed an increased transcript abundance in all three metastatic sites compared with the primary tumor. Knockdown of OR5B21 significantly decreased the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells as well as metastasis to different organs especially the brain, whereas increasing of OR5B21 transcript abundance had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, OR5B21 expression was associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition through the STAT3/NF-κB/CEBPβ signaling axis. We propose OR5B21 (and potentially other ORs) as a novel oncogene contributing to breast cancer metastasis and a potential target for adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Markus W. Schweiger
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J. Ryan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Litia A. Carvalho
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The macrophage odorant receptor Olfr78 mediates the lactate-induced M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102434118. [PMID: 34504016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102434118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and function of odorant receptors (ORs), which account for more than 50% of G protein-coupled receptors, are being increasingly reported in nonolfactory sites. However, ORs that can be targeted by drugs to treat diseases remain poorly identified. Tumor-derived lactate plays a crucial role in multiple signaling pathways leading to generation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In this study, we hypothesized that the macrophage OR Olfr78 functions as a lactate sensor and shapes the macrophage-tumor axis. Using Olfr78 +/+ and Olfr78 -/- bone marrow-derived macrophages with or without exogenous Olfr78 expression, we demonstrated that Olfr78 sensed tumor-derived lactate, which was the main factor in tumor-conditioned media responsible for generation of protumoral M2-TAMs. Olfr78 functioned together with Gpr132 to mediate lactate-induced generation of protumoral M2-TAMs. In addition, syngeneic Olfr78-deficient mice exhibited reduced tumor progression and metastasis together with an increased anti- versus protumoral immune cell population. We propose that the Olfr78-lactate interaction is a therapeutic target to reduce and prevent tumor progression and metastasis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yin H, Zheng X, Tang X, Zang Z, Li B, He S, Shen R, Yang H, Li S. Potential biomarkers and lncRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in invasive growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1947-1959. [PMID: 33559847 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (GH-PAs) are common subtypes of functional PAs. Invasive GH-PAs play a key role in restricting poor outcomes. The transcriptional changes in GH-PAs were evaluated. METHODS In this study, the transcriptome analysis of six different GH-PA samples was performed. The functional roles, co-regulatory network, and chromosome location of differentially expressed (DE) genes in invasive GH-PAs were explored. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis revealed 101 DE mRNAs and 70 DE long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between invasive and non-invasive GH-PAs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that epithelial cell differentiation and development pathways were suppressed in invasive GH-PAs, whereas the pathways of olfactory transduction, retinol metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 had an active trend. In the protein-protein interaction network, 11 main communities were characterized by cell- adhesion, -motility, and -cycle; transport process; phosphorus and hormone metabolic processes. The SGK1 gene was suggested to play a role in the invasiveness of GH-PAs. Furthermore, the up-regulated genes OR51B6, OR52E4, OR52E8, OR52E6, OR52N2, MAGEA6, MAGEC1, ST8SIA6-AS1, and the down-regulated genes GAD1-AS1 and SPINT1-AS1 were identified in the competing endogenous RNA network. The RT-qPCR results further supported the aberrant expression of those genes. Finally, the enrichment of DE genes in chromosome 11p15 and 12p13 regions were detected. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a new perspective for studies evaluating the underlying mechanism of invasive GH-PAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Zang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - S He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - R Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - S Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: From diagnosis to prognosis and precision-guided therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107932. [PMID: 34174272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, ranging from remarkably slow progression or inertia to highly aggressive and fatal disease. As therapeutic decision-making, clinical trial design and outcome highly depend on the appropriate stratification of patients to risk groups, it is imperative to differentiate between benign versus more aggressive states. The incorporation of clinically valuable prognostic and predictive biomarkers is also potentially amenable in this process, in the timely prevention of metastatic disease and in the decision for therapy selection. This review summarizes the progress that has so far been made in the identification of the genomic events that can be used for the classification, prediction and prognostication of PCa, and as major targets for clinical intervention. We include an extensive list of emerging biomarkers for which there is enough preclinical evidence to suggest that they may constitute crucial targets for achieving significant advances in the management of the disease. Finally, we highlight the main challenges that are associated with the identification of clinically significant PCa biomarkers and recommend possible ways to overcome such limitations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rybicki BA, Sadasivan SM, Chen Y, Kravtsov O, Palangmonthip W, Arora K, Gupta NS, Williamson S, Bobbitt K, Chitale DA, Tang D, Rundle AG, Iczkowski KA. Growth and differentiation factor 15 and NF-κB expression in benign prostatic biopsies and risk of subsequent prostate cancer detection. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3013-3025. [PMID: 33784024 PMCID: PMC8085972 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15), also known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC‐1), may act as both a tumor suppressor and promotor and, by regulating NF‐κB and macrophage signaling, promote early prostate carcinogenesis. To determine whether expression of these two inflammation‐related proteins affect prostate cancer susceptibility, dual immunostaining of benign prostate biopsies for GDF‐15 and NF‐κB was done in a study of 503 case‐control pairs matched on date, age, and race, nested within a historical cohort of 10,478 men. GDF‐15 and NF‐κB expression levels were positively correlated (r = 0.39; p < 0.0001), and both were significantly lower in African American (AA) compared with White men. In adjusted models that included both markers, the odds ratio (OR) for NF‐κB expression was statistically significant, OR =0.87; p = 0.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.77–0.99, while GDF‐15 expression was associated with a nominally increased risk, OR =1.06; p = 0.27; 95% CI =0.96–1.17. When modeling expression levels by quartiles, the highest quartile of NF‐κB expression was associated with almost a fifty percent reduction in prostate cancer risk (OR =0.51; p = 0.03; 95% CI =0.29–0.92). In stratified models, NF‐κB had the strongest negative association with prostate cancer in non‐aggressive cases (p = 0.03), older men (p = 0.03), and in case‐control pairs with longer follow‐up (p = 0.02). Risk associated with GDF‐15 expression was best fit using nonlinear regression modeling where both first (p = 0.02) and second (p = 0.03) order GDF‐15 risk terms were associated with significantly increased risk. This modeling approach also revealed significantly increased risk associated with GDF‐15 expression for subsamples defined by AA race, aggressive disease, younger age, and in case‐control pairs with longer follow‐up. Therefore, although positively correlated in benign prostatic biopsies, NF‐κB and GDF‐15 expression appear to exert opposite effects on risk of prostate tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sudha M Sadasivan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yalei Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Watchareepohn Palangmonthip
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Pathology, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanika Arora
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nilesh S Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sean Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Bobbitt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pronin A, Slepak V. Ectopically expressed olfactory receptors OR51E1 and OR51E2 suppress proliferation and promote cell death in a prostate cancer cell line. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100475. [PMID: 33640452 PMCID: PMC8024707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs), the largest family of G protein–coupled receptors, are expressed in the nasal epithelium where they mediate the sense of smell. However, ORs are also found in other non-nasal tissues, but the role of these ectopic ORs in cell signaling, proliferation, and survival is not well understood. Here, using an inducible expression system in the lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) cell line, we investigated two ectopic ORs, OR51E1 and OR51E2, which have been shown to be upregulated in prostate cancer. We found that, consistent with previous studies, OR51E1 stimulated adenylyl cyclase in response to treatment by short-chain to medium-chain organic acids (C3–C9) but not by acetate. OR51E2 responded to acetate and propionate but not to the longer chain organic acids. Stimulation of LNCaP cells with butyrate inhibited their growth, and the knockdown of the endogenous OR51E1 negated this cytostatic effect. Most significantly, overexpression of OR51E1 or OR51E2 suppressed LNCaP cell proliferation. Overexpression of another ectopic OR OR2AT4, β2-adrenergic receptor, or treatment of cells with forskolin did not suppress cell proliferation, indicating that a rise in cAMP is not sufficient to induce cytostasis. Overexpression of OR51E1 caused an upregulation of cytostatic and cell death markers including p27, p21, and p53, strongly increased annexin V staining, and stimulated extracellular signal–regulated protein kinases 1 and 2. Overexpression and/or activation of OR51E1 did not affect human embryonic kidney 293 cell proliferation, indicating that cytotoxicity of OR51E1/OR51E2 is specific for LNCaP cells. Together, our results further our understanding of prostate cancer etiology and suggest that ectopic ORs may be useful therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Pronin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Vladlen Slepak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raka RN, Wu H, Xiao J, Hossen I, Cao Y, Huang M, Jin J. Human ectopic olfactory receptors and their food originated ligands: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5424-5443. [PMID: 33605814 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1885007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic olfactory receptors (EORs) are expressed in non-nasal tissues of human body. They belong to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. EORs may not be capable of differentiating odorants as nasal olfactory receptors (ORs), but still can be triggered by odorants and are involved in different biological processes such as anti-inflammation, energy metabolism, apoptosis etc. Consumption of strong flavored foods like celery, oranges, onions, and spices, is a good aid to attenuate inflammation and boost our immune system. During the digestion of these foods in human digestive system and the metabolization by gut microbiota, the odorants closely interacting with EORs, may play important roles in various bio-functions like serotonin release, appetite regulation etc., and ultimately impact health and diseases. Thus, EORs could be a potential target linking the ligands from food and their bioactivities. There have been related studies in different research fields of medicine and physiology, but still no systematic food oriented review. Our review portrays that EORs could be a potential target for functional food development. In this review, we summarized the EORs found in human tissues, their impacts on health and disease, ligands interacting with EORs exerting specific biological effects, and the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Nowshin Raka
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Junsong Xiao
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Imam Hossen
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Jin
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Spiller PF, da Silva MP, Moraes DJA. Lactate does not activate the carotid body of Wistar rat. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 285:103593. [PMID: 33276092 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The carotid body's glomus cells are the primary sensors of hypoxia in mammals. Previous studies suggested that the glomus cells' hypoxia sensitivity is mediated by lactate in mice. This molecule increases the intracellular [Ca2+] and induces exocytosis in glomus cells, activating the carotid sinus nerve (the axons of chemoreceptive petrosal neurons). On the other hand, how lactate affects the activity of carotid body of rats is still unknown. We hypothesized that lactate activates the carotid body of rats. In Wistar rats, we measured the changes in the electrical properties of isolated glomus cells and petrosal chemoreceptive neurons in in situ preparations in response to different concentrations of lactate. Superfusion of both physiological and supraphysiological concentrations of lactate did not affect the membrane conductance and potential of glomus cells. Moreover, lactate injected into the carotid body did not activate the anatomically and physiologically identified chemoreceptive petrosal neurons. We conclude that the carotid body of Wistar rats is not sensitive to lactate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Spiller
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Melina P da Silva
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Davi J A Moraes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thomas MU, Messex JK, Dang T, Abdulkadir SA, Jorcyk CL, Liou GY. Macrophages expedite cell proliferation of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia through their downstream target ERK. FEBS J 2020; 288:1871-1886. [PMID: 32865335 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The risk factors for prostate cancer include a high-fat diet and obesity, both of which are associated with an altered cell environment including increased inflammation. It has been shown that chronic inflammation due to a high-fat diet or bacterial infection has the potential to accelerate prostate cancer as well as its precursor, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), development. However, the underlying mechanism of how chronic inflammation promotes prostate cancer development, especially PIN, remains unclear. In this study, we showed that more macrophages were present in PIN areas as compared to the normal areas of human prostate. When co-culturing PIN cells with macrophages in 3D, more PIN cells had nuclear localized cyclin D1, indicating that macrophages enhanced PIN cell proliferation. We identified ICAM-1 and CCL2 as chemoattractants expressed by PIN cells to recruit macrophages. Furthermore, we discovered that macrophage-secreted cytokines including C5a, CXCL1, and CCL2 were responsible for increased PIN cell proliferation. These three cytokines activated ERK and JNK signaling in PIN cells through a ligand-receptor interaction. However, only blockade of ERK abolished macrophage cytokines-induced cell proliferation of PIN. Overall, our results provide a mechanistic view on how macrophages activated through chronic inflammation can expedite PIN progression during prostate cancer development. The information from our work can facilitate a comprehensive understanding of prostate cancer development, which is required for improvement of current strategies for prostate cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikalah U Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, GA, USA
| | - Justin K Messex
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, GA, USA
| | - Tu Dang
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, GA, USA
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cheryl L Jorcyk
- Department of Biological Science, Boise State University, ID, USA
| | - Geou-Yarh Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, GA, USA.,Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tan BY, Md Nasir ND, Chang HY, Ng CCY, Guan P, Nagarajan S, Rajasegaran V, Lee JY, Lim JQ, Thike AA, Teh BT, Tan PH. Morphologic and genetic heterogeneity in breast fibroepithelial lesions-a comprehensive mapping study. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1732-1745. [PMID: 32322022 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast fibroepithelial lesions (FELs) encompass the common fibroadenoma (FA) and relatively rare phyllodes tumour (PT); the latter entity is usually classified as benign, borderline or malignant. Intratumoural heterogeneity is frequently present in these tumours, making accurate histologic evaluation challenging. Despite their rarity, PTs are an important clinical problem due to their propensity for recurrence and, in the case of malignant PT, metastasis. Surgical excision is the mainstay of management. Recent work has uncovered myriad genetic alterations in breast FELs. In this study, exome sequencing was performed on seven cases of morphologically heterogeneous breast FELs, including FAs, PTs of all grades, and a case of metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma arising in PT, in order to elucidate their intratumoural genetic repertoire. Gene mutations identified encompassed cell signalling, tumour suppressor, DNA repair and cell cycle regulating pathways. Mutations common to multiple tumour regions generally showed higher variant allele frequency. Frequent mutations included MED12, TP53, RARA and PIK3CA. Histological observations of increased cellular density and pleomorphism correlated with mutational burden. Phylogenetic analyses revealed disparate pathways of possible tumour progression. In summary, histological heterogeneity correlated with genetic changes in breast FELs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nur Diyana Md Nasir
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Cedric Chuan Young Ng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peiyong Guan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Quantitative Biology and Medicine Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjanaa Nagarajan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jing Yi Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Quan Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang X, Fang Y, Sun W, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Wei X, Ding X, Xu Y. Endocrinotherapy resistance of prostate and breast cancer: Importance of the NF‑κB pathway (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1064-1074. [PMID: 32319568 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) are two common sex hormone‑related cancer types with high rates of morbidity, and are leading causes of cancer death globally in men and women, respectively. The biological function of androgen or estrogen is a key factor for PCa or BCa tumorigenesis, respectively. Nevertheless, after hormone deprivation therapy, the majority of patients ultimately develop hormone‑independent malignancies that are resistant to endocrinotherapy. It is widely recognized, therefore, that understanding of the mechanisms underlying the process from hormone dependence towards hormone independence is critical to discover molecular targets for the control of advanced PCa and BCa. This review aimed to dissect the important mechanisms involved in the therapeutic resistance of PCa and BCa. It was concluded that activation of the NF‑κB pathway is an important common mechanism for metastasis and therapeutic resistance of the two types of cancer; in particular, the RelB‑activated noncanonical NF‑κB pathway appears to be able to lengthen and strengthen NF‑κB activity, which has been a focus of recent investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yao Fang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Olfactory and taste receptors are expressed primarily in the nasal olfactory epithelium and gustatory taste bud cells, where they transmit real-time sensory signals to the brain. However, they are also expressed in multiple extra-nasal and extra-oral tissues, being implicated in diverse biological processes including sperm chemotaxis, muscle regeneration, bronchoconstriction and bronchodilatation, inflammation, appetite regulation and energy metabolism. Elucidation of the physiological roles of these ectopic receptors is revealing potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications in conditions including wounds, hair loss, asthma, obesity and cancers. This Review outlines current understanding of the diverse functions of ectopic olfactory and taste receptors and assesses their potential to be therapeutically exploited.
Collapse
|
22
|
Masjedi S, Zwiebel LJ, Giorgio TD. Olfactory receptor gene abundance in invasive breast carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13736. [PMID: 31551495 PMCID: PMC6760194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of olfactory receptors (ORs) has been reported in many human tissues outside the nasal epithelium. ORs have been validated as biomarkers in prostate cancer. In breast cancer, however, the expression and role of OR genes remain understudied. We examined the significance of OR transcript abundance in a large invasive breast carcinoma population and identified two OR genes, OR2W3 and OR2B6 to be potentially correlated to breast cancer progression. 960 breast invasive tumors and 56 human breast cancer cell lines were assessed for OR gene expression and 21 OR genes were highly abundant among 198 cases. Our transcriptome analysis discovered three significantly abundant OR genes among three sub-populations of invasive breast carcinoma patients. OR2W3 was correlated with invasion genes and basal-like subtype whereas OR2B6 was correlated with proliferation genes and luminal A subtype. Analyzing the OR gene upregulation among breast cancer cell lines showed that OR2B6 and OR2W3 were abundant similar to invasive breast tumors. Our study suggests that specific OR genes may be correlated with breast cancer characteristics, making ORs potential new diagnostic, and/or treatment markers. This study suggests future directions for the exploration of a role for ORs in the mechanisms of breast cancer proliferation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Masjedi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Laurence J Zwiebel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Activation of PSGR with β-ionone suppresses prostate cancer progression by blocking androgen receptor nuclear translocation. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:193-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
24
|
Maßberg D, Hatt H. Human Olfactory Receptors: Novel Cellular Functions Outside of the Nose. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1739-1763. [PMID: 29897292 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are not exclusively expressed in the olfactory sensory neurons; they are also observed outside of the olfactory system in all other human tissues tested to date, including the testis, lung, intestine, skin, heart, and blood. Within these tissues, certain ORs have been determined to be exclusively expressed in only one tissue, whereas other ORs are more widely distributed in many different tissues throughout the human body. For most of the ectopically expressed ORs, limited data are available for their functional roles. They have been shown to be involved in the modulation of cell-cell recognition, migration, proliferation, the apoptotic cycle, exocytosis, and pathfinding processes. Additionally, there is a growing body of evidence that they have the potential to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, as ORs are highly expressed in different cancer tissues. Interestingly, in addition to the canonical signaling pathways activated by ORs in olfactory sensory neurons, alternative pathways have been demonstrated in nonolfactory tissues. In this review, the existing data concerning the expression, as well as the physiological and pathophysiological functions, of ORs outside of the nose are highlighted to provide insights into future lines of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Maßberg
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology , Bochum , Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology , Bochum , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dalesio NM, Barreto Ortiz SF, Pluznick JL, Berkowitz DE. Olfactory, Taste, and Photo Sensory Receptors in Non-sensory Organs: It Just Makes Sense. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1673. [PMID: 30542293 PMCID: PMC6278613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory receptors that detect and respond to light, taste, and smell primarily belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. In addition to their established roles in the nose, tongue, and eyes, these sensory GPCRs have been found in many ‘non-sensory' organs where they respond to different physicochemical stimuli, initiating signaling cascades in these extrasensory systems. For example, taste receptors in the airway, and photoreceptors in vascular smooth muscle cells, both cause smooth muscle relaxation when activated. In addition, olfactory receptors are present within the vascular system, where they play roles in angiogenesis as well as in modulating vascular tone. By better understanding the physiological and pathophysiological roles of sensory receptors in non-sensory organs, novel therapeutic agents can be developed targeting these receptors, ultimately leading to treatments for pathological conditions and potential cures for various disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Dalesio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sebastian F Barreto Ortiz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Priyadarshini M, Kotlo KU, Dudeja PK, Layden BT. Role of Short Chain Fatty Acid Receptors in Intestinal Physiology and Pathophysiology. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:1091-1115. [PMID: 29978895 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient sensing is a mechanism for organisms to sense their environment. In larger animals, including humans, the intestinal tract is a major site of nutrient sensing for the body, not surprisingly, as this is the central location where nutrients are absorbed. In the gut, bacterial fermentation results in generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a class of nutrients, which are sensed by specific membrane bound receptors, FFA2, FFA3, GPR109a, and Olfr78. These receptors are expressed uniquely throughout the gut and signal through distinct mechanisms. To date, the emerging data suggests a role of these receptors in normal and pathological conditions. The overall function of these receptors is to regulate aspects of intestinal motility, hormone secretion, maintenance of the epithelial barrier, and immune cell function. Besides in intestinal health, a prominent role of these receptors has emerged in modulation of inflammatory and immune responses during pathological conditions. Moreover, these receptors are being revealed to interact with the gut microbiota. This review article updates the current body of knowledge on SCFA sensing receptors in the gut and their roles in intestinal health and disease as well as in whole body energy homeostasis. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1091-1115, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kumar U Kotlo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maßberg D, Jovancevic N, Offermann A, Simon A, Baniahmad A, Perner S, Pungsrinont T, Luko K, Philippou S, Ubrig B, Heiland M, Weber L, Altmüller J, Becker C, Gisselmann G, Gelis L, Hatt H. The activation of OR51E1 causes growth suppression of human prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48231-48249. [PMID: 27374083 PMCID: PMC5217014 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of prostate cancer (PCa) is regulated by the androgen-dependent activity of the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is therefore the gold standard treatment to suppress malignant progression of PCa. Nevertheless, due to the development of castration resistance, recurrence of disease after initial response to ADT is a major obstacle to successful treatment. As G-protein coupled receptors play a fundamental role in PCa physiology, they might represent promising alternative or combinatorial targets for advanced diseases. Here, we verified gene expression of the olfactory receptors (ORs) OR51E1 [prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor 2 (PSGR2)] and OR51E2 (PSGR) in human PCa tissue by RNA-Seq analysis and RT-PCR and elucidated the subcellular localization of both receptor proteins in human prostate tissue. The OR51E1 agonist nonanoic acid (NA) leads to the phosphorylation of various protein kinases and growth suppression of the PCa cell line LNCaP. Furthermore, treatment with NA causes reduction of androgen-mediated AR target gene expression. Interestingly, NA induces cellular senescence, which coincides with reduced E2F1 mRNA levels. In contrast, treatment with the structurally related compound 1-nonanol or the OR2AG1 agonist amyl butyrate, neither of which activates OR51E1, did not lead to reduced cell growth or an induction of cellular senescence. However, decanoic acid, another OR51E1 agonist, also induces cellular senescence. Thus, our results suggest the involvement of OR51E1 in growth processes of PCa cells and its impact on AR-mediated signaling. These findings provide novel evidences to support the functional importance of ORs in PCa pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Maßberg
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Anne Offermann
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Luebeck and the Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Luebeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Annika Simon
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Luebeck and the Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Luebeck and Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Katarina Luko
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stathis Philippou
- Institute for Pathology und Cytology, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt gGmbH Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ubrig
- Clinic for Urology, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt gGmbH Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Heiland
- Clinic for Urology, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt gGmbH Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lea Weber
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Günter Gisselmann
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lian Gelis
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Present address: Global Drug Discovery - Clinical Sciences, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ji C, Guo H, Zhang P, Kuang W, Fan Y, Wu L. AnnexinA5 promote glioma cell invasion and migration via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Neurooncol 2018. [PMID: 29520611 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As an important member of the Annexins, AnnexinA5 has been attributed important functions in trophoblast membrane repair, anticoagulation and cellular signal transduction. Accumulated studies show that AnnexinA5 is closely associated with various types of carcinomas. However, the potential contribution of AnnexinA5 to glioma cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, we report that AnnexinA5 is significantly upregulated in both high-grade glioma samples and glioma cell lines. Moreover, overexpression of AnnexinA5 promotes cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumorigenicity of glioma cells in nude mice, while knockdown of AnnexinA5 manifests a repressive function during these cellular processes. Importantly, mechanistic studies further reveal that AnnexinA5 is an essential transcriptional target of Snail via activating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that AnnexinA5 or the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway may be promising therapeutic molecules to eradicate glioma metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wei Kuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanghua Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sanz G, Leray I, Grébert D, Antoine S, Acquistapace A, Muscat A, Boukadiri A, Mir LM. Structurally related odorant ligands of the olfactory receptor OR51E2 differentially promote metastasis emergence and tumor growth. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4330-4341. [PMID: 28032594 PMCID: PMC5354835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors are G protein-coupled receptors. Some of them are expressed in tumor cells, such as the OR51E2 receptor overexpressed in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. It is considered a prostate tumor marker. We previously demonstrated that this receptor is able to promote LNCaP cell invasiveness in vitro upon stimulation with its odorant agonist β-ionone, leading to increased generation of metastases in vivo. In the present study, we show that even a relatively short exposure to β-ionone is sufficient to promote metastasis emergence. Moreover, α-ionone, considered an OR51E2 antagonist, in fact promotes prostate tumor growth in vivo. The combination of α-ionone with β-ionone triggers a higher increase in the total tumor burden than each molecule alone. To support the in vivo results, we demonstrate in vitro that α-ionone is a real agonist of OR51E2, mainly sustaining LNCaP cell growth, while β-ionone mainly promotes cell invasiveness. So, while structurally close, α-ionone and β-ionone appear to induce different cellular effects, both leading to increased tumor aggressiveness. This behaviour could be explained by a different coupling to downstream effectors, as it has been reported for the so-called biased ligands of other G protein-coupled receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guenhaël Sanz
- NBO, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Isabelle Leray
- Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anti-Cancéreuses, UMR8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Denise Grébert
- NBO, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Adeline Muscat
- Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anti-Cancéreuses, UMR8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Abdelhak Boukadiri
- GABI, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Lluis M Mir
- Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anti-Cancéreuses, UMR8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jovancevic N, Khalfaoui S, Weinrich M, Weidinger D, Simon A, Kalbe B, Kernt M, Kampik A, Gisselmann G, Gelis L, Hatt H. Odorant Receptor 51E2 Agonist β-ionone Regulates RPE Cell Migration and Proliferation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:888. [PMID: 29249973 PMCID: PMC5714887 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The odorant receptor 51E2 (OR51E2), which is well-characterized in prostate cancer cells and epidermal pigment cells, was identified for the first time as the most highly expressed OR in human fetal and adult retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis revealed OR51E2 localization throughout the cytosol and in the plasma membrane. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining of diverse layers of the eye showed that the expression of OR51E2 is restricted to the pigment cells of the RPE and choroid. The results of Ca2+-imaging experiments demonstrate that activation of OR51E2 triggers a Ca2+ dependent signal pathway in RPE cells. Downstream signaling of OR51E2 involves the activation of adenylyl cyclase, ERK1/2 and AKT. The activity of these protein kinases likely accounts for the demonstrated increase in the migration and proliferation of RPE cells upon stimulation with the OR51E2 ligand β-ionone. These findings suggest that OR51E2 is involved in the regulation of RPE cell growth. Thus, OR51E2 represents a potential target for the treatment of proliferative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annika Simon
- Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kalbe
- Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Kernt
- Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anselm Kampik
- Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lian Gelis
- Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sanz G, Leray I, Muscat A, Acquistapace A, Cui T, Rivière J, Vincent-Naulleau S, Giandomenico V, Mir LM. Gallein, a Gβγ subunit signalling inhibitor, inhibits metastatic spread of tumour cells expressing OR51E2 and exposed to its odorant ligand. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:541. [PMID: 29084601 PMCID: PMC5663063 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We previously reported that the olfactory receptor OR51E2, overexpressed in LNCaP prostate cancer cells, promotes cell invasiveness upon stimulation of its agonist β-ionone, and this phenomenon increases metastatic spread. Furthermore, we showed that the induced cell invasiveness involves a PI3 kinase dependent signalling pathway. We report here the results of a new investigation to address whether gallein, a small inhibitor of G protein βγ subunit interaction with PI3 kinase, can inhibit β-ionone effects both in vitro and in vivo. Results We demonstrate that gallein can inhibit the β-ionone-induced cell invasiveness in vitro, as well as the spread of metastases in vivo. LNCaP cell invasiveness, assessed using spheroid cultures in collagen gels in vitro, was increased by β-ionone and the effect was reversed by co-administration of gallein. LNCaP tumour cells, subcutaneously inoculated to immunodeficient mice, generated more metastases in vivo when β-ionone was applied through the skin. Furthermore, the intraperitoneal injection of gallein inhibited this increased metastasis spread. Our results thus support the role of OR51E2 in the β-ionone observed effects, and suggest that gallein could be a potential new agent in personalized medicine of the tumours expressing OR51E2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2879-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guenhaël Sanz
- NBO, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-En-Josas, France. .,Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-En-Josas, France.
| | - Isabelle Leray
- Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anti-cancéreuses, UMR8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Adeline Muscat
- Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anti-cancéreuses, UMR8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Tao Cui
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Tumor Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julie Rivière
- GABI, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-En-Josas, France
| | - Silvia Vincent-Naulleau
- GABI, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-En-Josas, France.,CEA, DRF, Université Paris-Saclay, 92260, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Valeria Giandomenico
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Tumor Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lluis M Mir
- Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anti-cancéreuses, UMR8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
de Souza MF, Kuasne H, Barros-Filho MDC, Cilião HL, Marchi FA, Fuganti PE, Paschoal AR, Rogatto SR, Cólus IMDS. Circulating mRNAs and miRNAs as candidate markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184094. [PMID: 28910345 PMCID: PMC5598937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating nucleic acids are found in free form in body fluids and may serve as minimally invasive tools for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Only a few studies have investigated the potential application of circulating mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in prostate cancer (PCa). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for an in silico analysis to identify circulating mRNA and miRNA as potential markers of PCa. A total of 2,267 genes and 49 miRNAs were differentially expressed between normal and tumor samples. The prediction analyses of target genes and integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression revealed eleven genes and eight miRNAs which were validated by RT-qPCR in plasma samples from 102 untreated PCa patients and 50 cancer-free individuals. Two genes, OR51E2 and SIM2, and two miRNAs, miR-200c and miR-200b, showed significant association with PCa. Expression levels of these transcripts distinguished PCa patients from controls (67% sensitivity and 75% specificity). PCa patients and controls with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤ 4.0 ng/mL were discriminated based on OR51E2 and SIM2 expression levels. The miR-200c expression showed association with Gleason score and miR-200b, with bone metastasis, bilateral tumor, and PSA > 10.0 ng/mL. The combination of circulating mRNA and miRNA was useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellen Kuasne
- CIPE, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Rossi Paschoal
- Department of Computing, Federal University of Technology—Paraná, UTFPR, Cornélio Procópio, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- CIPE, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital and Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fierro F, Suku E, Alfonso-Prieto M, Giorgetti A, Cichon S, Carloni P. Agonist Binding to Chemosensory Receptors: A Systematic Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:63. [PMID: 28932739 PMCID: PMC5592726 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human G-protein coupled receptors (hGPCRs) constitute a large and highly pharmaceutically relevant membrane receptor superfamily. About half of the hGPCRs' family members are chemosensory receptors, involved in bitter taste and olfaction, along with a variety of other physiological processes. Hence these receptors constitute promising targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Molecular modeling has been so far the most important tool to get insights on agonist binding and receptor activation. Here we investigate both aspects by bioinformatics-based predictions across all bitter taste and odorant receptors for which site-directed mutagenesis data are available. First, we observe that state-of-the-art homology modeling combined with previously used docking procedures turned out to reproduce only a limited fraction of ligand/receptor interactions inferred by experiments. This is most probably caused by the low sequence identity with available structural templates, which limits the accuracy of the protein model and in particular of the side-chains' orientations. Methods which transcend the limited sampling of the conformational space of docking may improve the predictions. As an example corroborating this, we review here multi-scale simulations from our lab and show that, for the three complexes studied so far, they significantly enhance the predictive power of the computational approach. Second, our bioinformatics analysis provides support to previous claims that several residues, including those at positions 1.50, 2.50, and 7.52, are involved in receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fierro
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany
| | - Eda Suku
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany.,Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alejandro Giorgetti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Genomics, Life&Brain Center, University of BonnBonn, Germany.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany.,Department of Physics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule AachenAachen, Germany.,VNU Key Laboratory "Multiscale Simulation of Complex Systems", VNU University of Science, Vietnam National UniversityHanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang L, Karatas OF, Shao L, Zhang Y, Castro P, Creighton CJ, Ittmann M. RGS12 Is a Novel Tumor-Suppressor Gene in African American Prostate Cancer That Represses AKT and MNX1 Expression. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4247-4257. [PMID: 28611045 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
African American (AA) men exhibit a relatively high incidence and mortality due to prostate cancer even after adjustment for socioeconomic factors, but the biological basis for this disparity is unclear. Here, we identify a novel region on chromosome 4p16.3 that is lost selectively in AA prostate cancer. The negative regulator of G-protein signaling RGS12 was defined as the target of 4p16.3 deletions, although it has not been implicated previously as a tumor-suppressor gene. RGS12 transcript levels were relatively reduced in AA prostate cancer, and prostate cancer cell lines showed decreased RGS12 expression relative to benign prostate epithelial cells. Notably, RGS12 exhibited potent tumor-suppressor activity in prostate cancer and prostate epithelial cell lines in vitro and in vivo We found that RGS12 expression correlated negatively with the oncogene MNX1 and regulated its expression in vitro and in vivo Further, MNX1 was regulated by AKT activity, and RGS12 expression decreased total and activated AKT levels. Our findings identify RGS12 as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in AA prostate cancer, which acts by decreasing expression of AKT and MNX1, establishing a novel oncogenic axis in this disparate disease setting. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4247-57. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Wang
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Longjiang Shao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Comprehensive Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia Castro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Comprehensive Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gelis L, Jovancevic N, Bechara FG, Neuhaus EM, Hatt H. Functional expression of olfactory receptors in human primary melanoma and melanoma metastasis. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:569-576. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Gelis
- Department of Cell Physiology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | | | - Falk G. Bechara
- Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; St. Josephs Hospital; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - Eva M. Neuhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Department of Cell Physiology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jung H, Chae YC, Kim JY, Jeong OS, Kook H, Seo SB. Regulatory role of G9a and LSD1 in the Transcription of Olfactory Receptors during Leukaemia Cell Differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46182. [PMID: 28387360 PMCID: PMC5384044 DOI: 10.1038/srep46182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported the ectopic expression of olfactory receptors (ORs) in non-olfactory tissues, however, their physiological roles were not well elucidated. ORs are expressed in and function in different types of cancers. Here, we identified that the H3K9me2 levels of several OR promoters decreased during differentiation in the HL-60, human myeloid leukaemia cell line, by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). We found that the differential OR promoters H3K9me2 levels were regulated by G9a and LSD1, resulting in the decrease of ORs transcription during HL-60 differentiation. G9a and LSD1 could regulate the expression of ORs in several non-olfactory cells via the methylation and demethylation of H3K9me2. In addition, we demonstrated that knockdown of OR significantly reduced cell proliferation. Therefore, the epigenetic regulation of ORs transcription is critical for carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsoo Jung
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Cheol Chae
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Seok Jeong
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kook
- Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukaemia and Cancer, Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Seo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ranzani M, Iyer V, Ibarra-Soria X, Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera M, Garnett M, Logan D, Adams DJ. Revisiting olfactory receptors as putative drivers of cancer. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:9. [PMID: 28492065 PMCID: PMC5421569 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10646.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Olfactory receptors (ORs) recognize odorant molecules and activate a signal transduction pathway that ultimately leads to the perception of smell. This process also modulates the apoptotic cycle of olfactory sensory neurons in an olfactory receptor-specific manner. Recent reports indicate that some olfactory receptors are expressed in tissues other than the olfactory epithelium suggesting that they may have pleiotropic roles. Methods: We investigated the expression of 301 olfactory receptor genes in a comprehensive panel of 968 cancer cell lines. Results: Forty-nine per cent of cell lines show expression of at least one olfactory receptor gene. Some receptors display a broad pattern of expression across tumour types, while others were expressed in cell lines from a particular tissue. Additionally, most of the cancer cell lines expressing olfactory receptors express the effectors necessary for OR-mediated signal transduction. Remarkably, among cancer cell lines, OR2C3 is exclusively expressed in melanoma lines. We also confirmed the expression of OR2C3 in human melanomas, but not in normal melanocytes. Conclusions: The pattern of OR2C3 expression is suggestive of a functional role in the development and/or progression of melanoma. Some olfactory receptors may contribute to tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ranzani
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | - Mathew Garnett
- Cancer Genome Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Darren Logan
- Cancer Genome Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jovancevic N, Dendorfer A, Matzkies M, Kovarova M, Heckmann JC, Osterloh M, Boehm M, Weber L, Nguemo F, Semmler J, Hescheler J, Milting H, Schleicher E, Gelis L, Hatt H. Medium-chain fatty acids modulate myocardial function via a cardiac odorant receptor. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:13. [PMID: 28116519 PMCID: PMC5258789 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the expression of odorant receptors (OR) in various human tissues and their involvement in different physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the functional role of ORs in the human heart is still unclear. Here, we firstly report the functional characterization of an OR in the human heart. Initial next-generation sequencing analysis revealed the OR expression pattern in the adult and fetal human heart and identified the fatty acid-sensing OR51E1 as the most highly expressed OR in both cardiac development stages. An extensive characterization of the OR51E1 ligand profile by luciferase reporter gene activation assay identified 2-ethylhexanoic acid as a receptor antagonist and various structurally related fatty acids as novel OR51E1 ligands, some of which were detected at receptor-activating concentrations in plasma and epicardial adipose tissue. Functional investigation of the endogenous receptor was carried out by Ca2+ imaging of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Application of OR51E1 ligands induced negative chronotropic effects that depended on activation of the OR. OR51E1 activation also provoked a negative inotropic action in cardiac trabeculae and slice preparations of human explanted ventricles. These findings indicate that OR51E1 may play a role as metabolic regulator of cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Jovancevic
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - A Dendorfer
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - M Matzkies
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Kovarova
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - J C Heckmann
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Osterloh
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Boehm
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Weber
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - F Nguemo
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Semmler
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Hescheler
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - E Schleicher
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - L Gelis
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - H Hatt
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Karyadi DM, Geybels MS, Karlins E, Decker B, McIntosh L, Hutchinson A, Kolb S, McDonnell SK, Hicks B, Middha S, FitzGerald LM, DeRycke MS, Yeager M, Schaid DJ, Chanock SJ, Thibodeau SN, Berndt SI, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA. Whole exome sequencing in 75 high-risk families with validation and replication in independent case-control studies identifies TANGO2, OR5H14, and CHAD as new prostate cancer susceptibility genes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:1495-1507. [PMID: 27902461 PMCID: PMC5341753 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility is defined by a continuum from rare, high-penetrance to common, low-penetrance alleles. Research to date has concentrated on identification of variants at the ends of that continuum. Taking an alternate approach, we focused on the important but elusive class of low-frequency, moderately penetrant variants by performing disease model-based variant filtering of whole exome sequence data from 75 hereditary PCa families. Analysis of 341 candidate risk variants identified nine variants significantly associated with increased PCa risk in a population-based, case-control study of 2,495 men. In an independent nested case-control study of 7,121 men, there was risk association evidence for TANGO2 p.Ser17Ter and the established HOXB13 p.Gly84Glu variant. Meta-analysis combining the case-control studies identified two additional variants suggestively associated with risk, OR5H14 p.Met59Val and CHAD p.Ala342Asp. The TANGO2 and HOXB13 variants co-occurred in cases more often than expected by chance and never in controls. Finally, TANGO2 p.Ser17Ter was associated with aggressive disease in both case-control studies separately. Our analyses identified three new PCa susceptibility alleles in the TANGO2, OR5H14 and CHAD genes that not only segregate in multiple high-risk families but are also of importance in altering disease risk for men from the general population. This is the first successful study to utilize sequencing in high-risk families for the express purpose of identifying low-frequency, moderately penetrant PCa risk mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Karyadi
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Milan S. Geybels
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Karlins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brennan Decker
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura McIntosh
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sumit Middha
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liesel M. FitzGerald
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Melissa S. DeRycke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen N. Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gelis L, Jovancevic N, Veitinger S, Mandal B, Arndt HD, Neuhaus EM, Hatt H. Functional Characterization of the Odorant Receptor 51E2 in Human Melanocytes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17772-86. [PMID: 27226631 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.734517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors, which belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors, are found to be ectopically expressed in non-sensory tissues mediating a variety of cellular functions. In this study we detected the olfactory receptor OR51E2 at the transcript and the protein level in human epidermal melanocytes. Stimulation of primary melanocytes with the OR51E2 ligand β-ionone significantly inhibited melanocyte proliferation. Our results further showed that β-ionone stimulates melanogenesis and dendritogenesis. Using RNA silencing and receptor antagonists, we demonstrated that OR51E2 activation elevated cytosolic Ca(2+) and cAMP, which could mediate the observed increase in melanin synthesis. Co-immunocytochemical stainings using a specific OR51E2 antibody revealed subcellular localization of the receptor in early endosomes associated with EEA-1 (early endosome antigen 1). Plasma membrane preparations showed that OR51E2 protein is present at the melanocyte cell surface. Our findings thus suggest that activation of olfactory receptor signaling by external compounds can influence melanocyte homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Gelis
- From the Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany,
| | - Nikolina Jovancevic
- From the Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sophie Veitinger
- From the Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bhubaneswar Mandal
- Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. and
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. and
| | - Eva M Neuhaus
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Drackendorfer Strasse 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- From the Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Prostate-specific G-protein-coupled receptor collaborates with loss of PTEN to promote prostate cancer progression. Oncogene 2015; 35:1153-62. [PMID: 26028029 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among frequent events in prostate cancer are loss of the tumor-suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and overexpression of prostate-specific G-protein-coupled receptor (PSGR), but the potential tumorigenic synergy between these lesions is unknown. Here, we report a new mouse model (PSGR-Pten(Δ/Δ)) combining prostate-specific loss of Pten with probasin promoter-driven PSGR overexpression. By 12 months PSGR-Pten(Δ/Δ) mice developed invasive prostate tumors featuring Akt activation and extensive inflammatory cell infiltration. PSGR-Pten(Δ/Δ) tumors exhibited E-cadherin loss and increased stromal androgen receptor (AR) expression. PSGR overexpression increased LNCaP proliferation, whereas PSGR short hairpin RNA knockdown inhibited proliferation and migration. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PSGR overexpression synergizes with loss of PTEN to accelerate prostate cancer development, and present a novel bigenic mouse model that mimics the human condition, where both PSGR overexpression and loss of PTEN occur concordantly in the majority of advanced prostate cancers, yielding an environment more relevant to studying human prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
42
|
Polman DJ, Price DK, Figg WD. New bigenic mouse model increases the understanding of genetic synergism in the progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1702-3. [PMID: 26552331 PMCID: PMC4847822 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new bigenic mouse model, engineered with the overexpression of PSGR and the knockout of PTEN, has been used to study the relationship between 2 genes and disease progression. A study in Oncogene (Rodriguez et al.) has shown that these 2 genetic polymorphisms synergistically promote the development of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Polman
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD, USA
| | - Douglas K. Price
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD, USA
| | - William D. Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|