1
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Tan M, Lin X, Tai P, Huang X, Jin Q, Yuan D, Xu T, He B. Association Between Polymorphisms in DNA Damage Repair Pathway Genes and Female Breast Cancer Risk. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:219-231. [PMID: 38634815 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer risk have been discussed to be associated with polymorphisms in genes as well as abnormal DNA damage repair function. This study aims to assess the relationship between genes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to DNA damage repair and female breast cancer risk in Chinese population. A case-control study containing 400 patients and 400 healthy controls was conducted. Genotype was identified using the sequence MassARRAY method and expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) in tumor tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. The results revealed that ATR rs13091637 decreased breast cancer risk influenced by ER, PR (CT/TT vs. CC: adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.27, p = 0.032; CT/TT vs. CC: adjusted OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.14-2.35, p = 0.008) expression. Stratified analysis revealed that PALB2 rs16940342 increased breast cancer risk in response to menstrual status (AG/GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.13-2.62, p = 0.011) and age of menarche (AG/GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.03-2.31, p = 0.037), whereas ATM rs611646 and Ku70 rs132793 were associated with reduced breast cancer risk influenced by menarche (GA/AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.30-0.95, p = 0.033). In a summary, PALB2 rs16940342, ATR rs13091637, ATM rs611646, and Ku70 rs132793 were associated with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yalan Sun
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjuan Tan
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Tai
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bangshun He
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Correlation of expression of Major Vault Protein with androgen receptor and immune checkpoint protein B7-H3, and with poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154243. [PMID: 36481650 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer diagnosis and early stratification is an important aspect to avoid undertreatment of high-risk prostate cancer patients. Major Vault Protein (MVP) has been proposed as a prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer. PTEN and the immune checkpoint protein B7-H3 interact with MVP and are important in prostate cancer progression and therapy response. We evaluated the expression of MVP by immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray samples from a retrospective cohort consisting of 119 prostate cancer patients. We correlated the protein expression of MVP with clinicopathological characteristics, and protein expression of androgen receptor (AR), PTEN, immune checkpoint proteins B7-H3 and PD-L1. We found MVP to be expressed in 53 % of prostate tumors, and correlated positively with biochemical recurrence (ρ = 0.211/p = 0.021). Furthermore, we found positive correlation of MVP expression with expression of AR (ρ = 0.244/p = 0.009) and the immune checkpoint protein B7-H3 (ρ = 0.200/p = 0.029), but not with PD-L1 (ρ = 0.152/p = 0.117) or PTEN expression (ρ = - 0.034/p = 0.721). Our findings support the notion that expression of MVP is associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer. The correlation between MVP and immune checkpoint protein B7-H3 in prostate cancer suggests a role for MVP in immunoregulation and drug resistance.
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Krieger KL, Gohlke JH, Lee KJ, Piyarathna DWB, Castro PD, Jones JA, Ittmann MM, Gassman NR, Sreekumar A. Repair-Assisted Damage Detection Reveals Biological Disparities in Prostate Cancer between African Americans and European Americans. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041012. [PMID: 35205762 PMCID: PMC8870190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among men in the United States. African American men are diagnosed with and succumb to prostate cancer at higher rates than other demographic groups. Previously published works described the biological differences in prostate tumors that may contribute to poorer outcomes in African American men compared to European American men. This study was designed to explore the DNA lesion profiles found in prostate tissues. Using tissue microarrays, we found that prostate tumors from African American patients have more uracil and pyrimidine damage, elevated UNG levels, and reduced XRCC1 levels than European American tumors, which may indicate defects in the base excision repair pathway. In addition, these men had higher UMP and lower expression of folate cycle metabolites, suggesting that metabolic rewiring may also contribute to the dysregulation of base excision repair. Abstract African Americans (AA) are two times more likely to be diagnosed with and succumb to prostate cancer (PCa) compared to European Americans (EA). There is mounting evidence that biological differences in these tumors contribute to disparities in patient outcomes. Our goal was to examine the differences in DNA damage in AA and EA prostate tissues. Tissue microarrays with matched tumor-benign adjacent pairs from 77 AA and EA PCa patients were analyzed for abasic sites, oxidative lesions, crosslinks, and uracil content using the Repair Assisted Damage Detection (RADD) assay. Our analysis revealed that AA PCa, overall, have more DNA damage than EA PCa. Increased uracil and pyrimidine lesions occurred in AA tumors, while EA tumors had more oxidative lesions. AA PCa have higher levels of UMP and folate cycle metabolites than their EA counterparts. AA PCa showed higher levels of UNG, the uracil-specific glycosylase, than EA, despite uracil lesions being retained within the genome. AA patients also had lower levels of the base excision repair protein XRCC1. These results indicate dysfunction in the base excision repair pathway in AA tumors. Further, these findings reveal how metabolic rewiring in AA PCa drives biological disparities and identifies a targetable axis for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko L. Krieger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.L.K.); (J.H.G.); (D.W.B.P.)
- Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie H. Gohlke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.L.K.); (J.H.G.); (D.W.B.P.)
- Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin J. Lee
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA;
| | - Danthasinghe Waduge Badrajee Piyarathna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.L.K.); (J.H.G.); (D.W.B.P.)
- Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patricia D. Castro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.D.C.); (M.M.I.)
- Human Tissue Acquisition & Pathology Shared Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael M. Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.D.C.); (M.M.I.)
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Natalie R. Gassman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (N.R.G.); (A.S.); Tel.: +1-205-975-1904 (N.R.G.); +1-713-798-3305 (A.S.)
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.L.K.); (J.H.G.); (D.W.B.P.)
- Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (N.R.G.); (A.S.); Tel.: +1-205-975-1904 (N.R.G.); +1-713-798-3305 (A.S.)
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Machine-Learning-Based m5C Score for the Prognosis Diagnosis of Osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:1629318. [PMID: 34671397 PMCID: PMC8523252 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1629318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is a common and highly metastatic malignant tumor, and m5C RNA methylation regulates various biological processes. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic role of m5C in osteosarcoma using machine learning. Methods Osteosarcoma gene data and the corresponding clinical information were downloaded from the GEO database. Machine learning methods were used to screen m5C-related genes and construct m5C scores. In addition, the clusterProfiler package was used to predict the m5C-related functional pathways. xCell and CIBERSORT were used to calculate the immune microenvironment cells. GSVA was applied to analyze different categories of m5C genes, and the correlation between the GSVA and m5C scores was evaluated. Results Twenty m5C genes were identified, and 54 related genes were screened. The m5C score was constructed based on the PCA score. With an increase in the m5C score, the expression of m5C genes and their related genes changed. Functional analysis indicated that the focal adhesion, cell-substrate adherens junction, cell adhesion molecule binding, and E2F targets might change with the m5C score. The naive B cells and CD4+ memory T cell also changed with the m5C score. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the m5C score was significantly correlated with the reader and eraser genes. Conclusion The m5C score might be a prognostic index for osteosarcoma.
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Yu L, Liu L, Xiang Y, Wang F, Zhou F, Huang S, Zheng C, Ye C, Zhou W, Yin G, Zhang J, Cui S, Tian F, Fan Z, Geng C, Cao X, Yang Z, Wang X, Liang H, Wang S, Jiang H, Duan X, Wang H, Li G, Wang Q, Zhang J, Jin F, Tang J, Li L, Zhu S, Zuo W, Ma Z, Yu Z. XRCC5/6 polymorphisms and their interactions with smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep satisfaction in breast cancer risk: A Chinese multi-center study. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2752-2762. [PMID: 33734613 PMCID: PMC8026916 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-ray repair cross-complementary 5 (XRCC5) and 6 (XRCC6) are critical for DNA repair. Few studies have assessed their association with breast cancer risk, and related gene-environment interactions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the influence of XRCC5/6 polymorphisms on breast cancer risk, and their interactions with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep satisfaction. METHODS The study included 1039 patients with breast cancer and 1040 controls. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC5 and two of XRCC6 were genotyped. Information about smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep satisfaction was collected through questionnaires. Odds ratios (OR) and related 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were assessed using unconditional logistic regression models. Gene-environment interactions were analyzed using logistic regression with multiplicative interaction models. RESULTS XRCC5 rs16855458 was associated with increased breast cancer risk in the co-dominant (ptrend = 0.003) and dominant (CA + AA vs. CC, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.07-1.56, p = 0.008) genetic models after Bonferroni correction. The CG + GG genotype of XRCC6 rs2267437 was associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-negative (ER-/PR-) breast cancer (CG + GG vs. CC: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.12-2.13, p = 0.008) after Bonferroni correction. Moreover, an antagonistic interaction between XRCC5 rs16855458 and alcohol consumption (pinteraction = 0.017), and a synergistic interaction between XRCC6 rs2267437 and sleep satisfaction were associated with breast cancer risk (pinteraction = 0.0497). However, these interactions became insignificant after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION XRCC5 rs16855458 was associated with breast cancer risk, and XRCC6 rs2267437 was associated with the risk of ER-/PR- breast cancer. Breast cancer risk associated with XRCC5 and XRCC6 polymorphisms might vary according to alcohol consumption and sleep satisfaction, respectively, and merit further investigation.
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6
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Ramberg H, Richardsen E, de Souza GA, Rakaee M, Stensland ME, Braadland PR, Nygård S, Ögren O, Guldvik IJ, Berge V, Svindland A, Taskén KA, Andersen S. Proteomic analyses identify major vault protein as a prognostic biomarker for fatal prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:685-693. [PMID: 33609362 PMCID: PMC8163044 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The demographic shift toward an older population will increase the number of prostate cancer cases. A challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer is to avoid undertreatment of patients at high risk of progression following curative treatment. These men can benefit from early salvage treatment. An explorative cohort consisting of tissue from 16 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, and were either alive or had died from prostate cancer within 10 years postsurgery, was analyzed by mass spectrometry analysis. Following proteomic and bioinformatic analyses, major vault protein (MVP) was identified as a putative prognostic biomarker. A publicly available tissue proteomics dataset and a retrospective cohort of 368 prostate cancer patients were used for validation. The prognostic value of the MVP was verified by scoring immunohistochemical staining of a tissue microarray. High level of MVP was associated with more than 4-fold higher risk for death from prostate cancer (hazard ratio = 4.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.45–13.38; P = 0.009) in a Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessments Post-surgical (CAPRA-S) score and perineural invasion. Decision curve analyses suggested an improved standardized net benefit, ranging from 0.06 to 0.18, of adding MVP onto CAPRA-S score. This observation was confirmed by receiver operator characteristics curve analyses for the CAPRA-S score versus CAPRA-S and MVP score (area under the curve: 0.58 versus 0.73). From these analyses, one can infer that MVP levels in combination with CAPRA-S score might add onto established risk parameters to identify patients with lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Ramberg
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Department of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gustavo A de Souza
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Proteomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mehrdad Rakaee
- Department of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Ekman Stensland
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Proteomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peder Rustøen Braadland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Department of Tumorbiology, Bioinformatic Core Facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olov Ögren
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid J Guldvik
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktor Berge
- Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aud Svindland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin A Taskén
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Abstract
Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) remains a significant health concern. Although localized PCa can be effectively treated, disseminated disease remains uniformly fatal. PCa is reliant on androgen receptor (AR); as such, first-line therapy for metastatic PCa entails suppression of AR signaling. Although initially effective, recurrent tumors reactivate AR function, leading to a lethal stage of disease termed castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Recent findings implicate AR signaling in control of DNA repair and show that alterations in DNA damage repair pathways are strongly associated with disease progression and poor outcome. This review will address the DNA repair alterations observed in the clinical setting, explore the anticipated molecular and cellular consequence of DNA repair dysfunction, and consider clinical strategies for targeting tumors with altered DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,19107.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,19107.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.,Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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8
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Dhillon VS, Yeoh E, Salisbury C, Butters J, Di Matteo A, Olver I, Fenech M. Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Cytome (CBMN Cyt) Assay Biomarkers and Their Association With Radiation Sensitivity Phenotype in Prostate Cancer Cases and DNA Repair Gene hOGG1 (C1245G) Polymorphism. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:813-821. [PMID: 30264500 DOI: 10.1002/em.22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is commonly diagnosed cancer in men but only a few risk factors, such as family history, ethnicity, and age have been established. Chromosomal instability is another possible risk factor but this has not been adequately explained previously. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of PC patients have (1) an abnormally high level of chromosomal instability; (2) that they are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage; and (3) that these phenotypes are affected by hOGG1 (C1245G) polymorphism. These experiments were performed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus Cytome (CBMN cyt) assay in PC cases and controls. We found that spontaneous or radiation-induced (3G) micronucleus (MN) frequency is not significantly different between both groups. However, spontaneous frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and radiation-induced nuclear buds (NBuds) were significantly higher in patients vs. controls (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0005, respectively). In addition, apoptosis and nuclear division index (NDI) was significantly higher in patients compared to controls after radiation treatment (P = 0.006; P = 0.0002, respectively). Furthermore carriage of at least one G allele of hOGG1 (C1245G) polymorphism was associated with a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) to have a base-line MN, NPB, or NBud frequency greater than medium level compared to homozygotes for C allele (OR:1.94, 1.77, 2.36, respectively, P = 0.02; 0.04, and 0.004, respectively). Our results support the hypotheses that those who develop PC have significantly higher level of genomic instability which is further increased in those who carry G allele of the hOGG1 (C1245G) polymorphism. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:813-821, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Yeoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Julie Butters
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Addolorata Di Matteo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian Olver
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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9
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Cypriano AS, Alves G, Ornellas AA, Scheinkman J, Almeida R, Scherrer L, Lage C. Relationship between XPD, RAD51, and APEX1 DNA repair genotypes and prostate cancer risk in the male population of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:751-758. [PMID: 29111564 PMCID: PMC5738611 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to cancer ensues in individuals carrying malfunctioning DNA repair
mechanisms. The impact of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in key DNA
repair mechanisms on risk for prostate cancer was investigated in this
case-control study. Samples consisted of 110 patients with confirmed prostate
cancer and 200 unaffected men, from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
XPD/Lys751Gln (rs13181), APEX1/Asp148Glu
(rs1130409), and RAD51/G135C (rs1801320) SNPs were analyzed by
PCR-RFLP. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were calculated and compared by
Chi-Square test. The association between SNPs and clinical/epidemiological data
was considered significant by Odds Ratio analysis, with IC95% and a
p-value≤0.05. Only the XPD/Lys751Gln SNP significantly
increased susceptibility to disease in southeastern Brazilian men, with
p≤0.001 [OR=2.36 (1.46-3.84)], with no association with
APEX1 or RAD51 SNPs. Combined
XPD+RAD51 SNPs were highly associated with
the disease, p≤0.005 [OR=3.40 (1.32-9.20)]. A Chi-Square
significant association between XPD/Lys751Gln and Gleason score
was also observed (OR=9.31; IC95%=1.19–428.0; p=0.022).
Epidemiological inquiries revealed that exposure to pesticides significantly
impacted the risk for prostate cancer in this population. DNA repair
dysfunctions seem to prevail among workers exposed to chemical byproducts to
cancer in this specific tissue. Non-invasive genotyping SNPs may help assessment
of prostate cancer risk in environmentally exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sheila Cypriano
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilda Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Hospital do Câncer I, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Augusto Ornellas
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Hospital do Câncer I, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Hospital Mário Kroeff, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Lage
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Clinton TN, Bagrodia A, Lotan Y, Margulis V, Raj GV, Woldu SL. Tissue-based biomarkers in prostate cancer. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017; 2:249-260. [PMID: 29226251 PMCID: PMC5722240 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1372687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Existing risk stratification tools based on standard clinlicopathologic variables (prostate specific antigen [PSA], Gleason score, and tumor stage) provide a modest degree of predictive ability. Advances in high-throughput sequencing has led to the development of several novel tissue-based biomarkers that can improve prognostication in prostate cancer management. AREAS COVERED The authors review commercially-available, tissue-based biomarker assays that improve upon existing risk-stratification tools in several areas of prostate cancer management, including the appropriateness of active surveillance and aiding in decision making regarding the use of adjuvant therapy. Additionally, some of the obstacles to the widespread adoption of these biomarkers and discuss several investigational sources of new biomarkers are discussed. EXPERT COMMENTARY Work is ongoing to answer pertinent clinical questions in prostate cancer management including which patients should undergo biopsy, active surveillance, receive adjuvant therapy, and what systemic therapy is best in the first-line. Incorporation into novel biomarkers may allow for the incorporation of a 'personalized' approach to management. Further validation will be required and questions of cost must be considered before wide scale adoption of these biomarkers. Tumor heterogeneity may impose a ceiling on the prognostic ability of biomarkers using currently available techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Clinton
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yair Lotan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Solomon L Woldu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
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Transcriptional signature of lymphoblastoid cell lines of BRCA1, BRCA2 and non- BRCA1/2 high risk breast cancer families. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78691-78712. [PMID: 29108258 PMCID: PMC5667991 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25% of hereditary breast cancer cases are associated with a strong familial history which can be explained by mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and other lower penetrance genes. The remaining high-risk families could be classified as BRCAX (non-BRCA1/2) families. Gene expression involving alternative splicing represents a well-known mechanism regulating the expression of multiple transcripts, which could be involved in cancer development. Thus using RNA-seq methodology, the analysis of transcriptome was undertaken to potentially reveal transcripts implicated in breast cancer susceptibility and development. RNA was extracted from immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines of 117 women (affected and unaffected) coming from BRCA1, BRCA2 and BRCAX families. Anova analysis revealed a total of 95 transcripts corresponding to 85 different genes differentially expressed (Bonferroni corrected p-value <0.01) between those groups. Hierarchical clustering allowed distinctive subgrouping of BRCA1/2 subgroups from BRCAX individuals. We found 67 transcripts, which could discriminate BRCAX from BRCA1/BRCA2 individuals while 28 transcripts discriminate affected from unaffected BRCAX individuals. To our knowledge, this represents the first study identifying transcripts differentially expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines from major classes of mutation-related breast cancer subgroups, namely BRCA1, BRCA2 and BRCAX. Moreover, some transcripts could discriminate affected from unaffected BRCAX individuals, which could represent potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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The Role of the Core Non-Homologous End Joining Factors in Carcinogenesis and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070081. [PMID: 28684677 PMCID: PMC5532617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious DNA lesions that if left unrepaired or are misrepaired, potentially result in chromosomal aberrations, known drivers of carcinogenesis. Pathways that direct the repair of DSBs are traditionally believed to be guardians of the genome as they protect cells from genomic instability. The prominent DSB repair pathway in human cells is the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, which mediates template-independent re-ligation of the broken DNA molecule and is active in all phases of the cell cycle. Its role as a guardian of the genome is supported by the fact that defects in NHEJ lead to increased sensitivity to agents that induce DSBs and an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Conversely, evidence from tumors and tumor cell lines has emerged that NHEJ also promotes chromosomal aberrations and genomic instability, particularly in cells that have a defect in one of the other DSB repair pathways. Collectively, the data present a conundrum: how can a single pathway both suppress and promote carcinogenesis? In this review, we will examine NHEJ's role as both a guardian and a disruptor of the genome and explain how underlying genetic context not only dictates whether NHEJ promotes or suppresses carcinogenesis, but also how it alters the response of tumors to conventional therapeutics.
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Hicks C, Ramani R, Sartor O, Bhalla R, Miele L, Dlamini Z, Gumede N. An Integrative Genomics Approach for Associating Genome-Wide Association Studies Information With Localized and Metastatic Prostate Cancer Phenotypes. Biomark Insights 2017; 12:1177271917695810. [PMID: 28469398 PMCID: PMC5391982 DOI: 10.1177/1177271917695810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput genotyping has enabled discovery of genetic variants associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The goal of this study was to associate GWAS information of patients with primary organ–confined and metastatic prostate cancer using gene expression data and to identify molecular networks and biological pathways enriched for genetic susceptibility variants involved in the 2 disease states. The analysis revealed gene signatures for the 2 disease states and a gene signature distinguishing the 2 patient groups. In addition, the analysis revealed molecular networks and biological pathways enriched for genetic susceptibility variants. The discovered pathways include the androgen, apoptosis, and insulinlike growth factor signaling pathways. This analysis established putative functional bridges between GWAS discoveries and the biological pathways involved in primary organ–confined and metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chindo Hicks
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ritika Ramani
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ritu Bhalla
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- Department of Biology, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Njabulo Gumede
- Department of Biology, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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