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Shushanyan RA, Avtandilyan NV, Grigoryan AV, Karapetyan AF. The role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of high-altitude cerebral edema in rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2024; 327:104286. [PMID: 38825093 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
High-altitude environments present extreme conditions characterized by low barometric pressure and oxygen deficiency, which can disrupt brain functioning and cause edema formation. The objective of the present study is to investigate several biomolecule expressions and their role in the development of High Altitude Cerebral Edema in a rat model. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing the changes in total arginase, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels in the brain following acute hypobaric hypoxic exposure (7620 m, SO2=8.1 %, for 24 h) along with the histopathological assessment. The histological examination revealed increased TNF-α activity, and an elevated number of mast cells in the brain, mainly in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The research findings demonstrated that acute hypobaric hypoxic causes increased levels of apoptotic cells, shrinkage, and swelling of neurons, accompanied by the formation of protein aggregation in the brain parenchyma. Additionally, the level of nitric oxide and MDA was found to have increased (p<0.0001), however, the level of arginase decreased indicating active lipid peroxidation and redox imbalance in the brain. This study provides insights into the pathogenesis of HACE by evaluating some biomolecules that play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response and the redox landscape in the brain. The findings could have significant implications for understanding the neuronal dysfunction and the pathological mechanisms underlying HACE development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolay V Avtandilyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna V Grigoryan
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Yerevan State University, Armenia
| | - Anna F Karapetyan
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Yerevan State University, Armenia
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Jin D, Dai Z, Zhao L, Ma T, Ma Y, Zhang Z. CYR61 is Involved in Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Damage Via Modulating Astrocyte-mediated Neuroinflammation. Neuroscience 2024; 552:54-64. [PMID: 38908506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in astrocytes has been found in the hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model. Cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) is secreted by reactive astrocytes. However, the effects of CYR61 on HIBD and its related mechanisms remain unclear. This study sought to explore the role of CYR61 in the activation of astrocytes and the NLRP3 inflammasome in neonatal HIBD. HIBD models were established in 7-day Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Neurobehavioral evaluation and 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining were performed. In addition, rat primary astrocytes were used to establish the cell model of HIBD in vitro by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). Then, CYR61-overexpression and sh-CYR61 viruses mediated by lentivirus were transduced into ODG/R-treated primary astrocytes. The expressions of related genes were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that hypoxia-ischemia induced short-term neurological deficits, neuronal damage, and cerebral infarction in neonatal rats. In vivo, the expressions of CYR61, NLRP3, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were up-regulated in the HIBD model. In vitro, CYR61 exhibited high expression. CYR61 overexpression increased the expressions of GFAP and C3, whereas decreased S100A10 expression. CYR61 overexpression increased the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 p20 and IL-1β. CYR61 overexpression activated NF-κB by promoting the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Thus, CYR61 is involved in neonatal HIBD progress, which may be related to the activation of astrocytes, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Jin
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhushan Dai
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyao Ma
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Ma
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Li C, Subedi P, Tian X, Lu X, Miriyala S, Panchatcharam M, Sun H. Light Alcohol Consumption Promotes Early Neurogenesis Following Ischemic Stroke in Adult C57BL/6J Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041074. [PMID: 37189692 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Neurogenesis plays a crucial role in postischemic functional recovery. Alcohol dose-dependently affects the prognosis of ischemic stroke. We investigated the impact of light alcohol consumption (LAC) on neurogenesis under physiological conditions and following ischemic stroke. C57BL/6J mice (three months old) were fed with 0.7 g/kg/day ethanol (designed as LAC) or volume-matched water (designed as control) daily for eight weeks. To evaluate neurogenesis, the numbers of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)+/doublecortin (DCX)+ and BrdU+/NeuN+ neurons were assessed in the subventricular zone (SVZ), dentate gyrus (DG), ischemic cortex, and ischemic striatum. The locomotor activity was determined by the accelerating rotarod and open field tests. LAC significantly increased BrdU+/DCX+ and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells in the SVZ under physiological conditions. Ischemic stroke dramatically increased BrdU+/DCX+ and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells in the DG, SVZ, ischemic cortex, and ischemic striatum. The increase in BrdU+/DCX+ cells was significantly greater in LAC mice compared to the control mice. In addition, LAC significantly increased BrdU+/NeuN+ cells by about three folds in the DG, SVZ, and ischemic cortex. Furthermore, LAC reduced ischemic brain damage and improved locomotor activity. Therefore, LAC may protect the brain against ischemic stroke by promoting neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Li
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Pushpa Subedi
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Xinli Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Sumitra Miriyala
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | | | - Hong Sun
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
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E G, Sun B, Liu B, Xu G, He S, Wang Y, Feng L, Wei H, Zhang J, Chen J, Gao Y, Zhang E. Enhanced BPGM/2,3-DPG pathway activity suppresses glycolysis in hypoxic astrocytes via FIH-1 and TET2. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:36-46. [PMID: 36334804 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) is expressed in human erythrocytes and responsible for the production of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). However, the expression and role of BPGM in other cells have not been reported. In this work, we found that BPGM was significantly upregulated in astrocytes upon acute hypoxia, and the role of this phenomenon will be clarified in the following report. METHODS The mRNA and protein expression levels of BPGM and the content of 2,3-DPG with hypoxia treatment were determined in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, glycolysis was evaluated upon in hypoxic astrocytes with BPGM knockdown and in normoxic astrocytes with BPGM overexpression or 2,3-DPG treatment. To investigate the mechanism by which BPGM/2,3-DPG regulated glycolysis in hypoxic astrocytes, we detected the expression of HIF-1α, FIH-1 and TET2 with silencing or overexpression of BPGM and 2,3-DPG treatment. RESULTS The expression of glycolytic genes and the capacity of lactate markedly increased with 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h 1 % O2 hypoxic treatment in astrocytes. The expression of BPGM was upregulated, and the production of 2,3-DPG was accelerated upon hypoxia. Moreover, when BPGM expression was knocked down, glycolysis was promoted in HEB cells. However, overexpression of BPGM and addition of 2,3-DPG to the cellular medium in normoxic cells could downregulate glycolytic genes. Furthermore, HIF-1α and TET2 exhibited higher expression levels and FIH-1 showed a lower expression level upon BPGM silencing, while these changes were reversed under BPGM overexpression and 2,3-DPG treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the BPGM/2,3-DPG pathway presented a suppressive effect on glycolysis in hypoxic astrocytes by negatively regulating HIF-1α and TET2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoji E
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Binda Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bao Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shu He
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lan Feng
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hannan Wei
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Erlong Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
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Johne M, Käufer C, Römermann K, Gailus B, Gericke B, Löscher W. A combination of phenobarbital and the bumetanide derivative bumepamine prevents neonatal seizures and subsequent hippocampal neurodegeneration in a rat model of birth asphyxia. Epilepsia 2021; 62:1460-1471. [PMID: 33955541 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bumetanide was suggested as an adjunct to phenobarbital for suppression of neonatal seizures. This suggestion was based on the idea that bumetanide, by reducing intraneuronal chloride accumulation through inhibition of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, may attenuate or abolish depolarizing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses caused by birth asphyxia. However, a first proof-of-concept clinical trial failed. This could have had several reasons, including bumetanide's poor brain penetration, the wide cellular NKCC1 expression pattern in the brain, and problems with the general concept of NKCC1's role in neonatal seizures. We recently replicated the clinical failure of bumetanide to potentiate phenobarbital's effect in a novel rat model of birth asphyxia. In this study, a clinically relevant dose (0.3 mg/kg) of bumetanide was used that does not lead to NKCC1-inhibitory brain levels. The aim of the present experiments was to examine whether a much higher dose (10 mg/kg) of bumetanide is capable of potentiating phenobarbital in this rat model. Furthermore, the effects of the two lipophilic bumetanide derivatives, the ester prodrug N,N-dimethylaminoethylester of bumetanide (DIMAEB) and the benzylamine derivative bumepamine, were examined at equimolar doses. METHODS Intermittent asphyxia was induced for 30 min by exposing male and female P11 rat pups to three 7 + 3 min cycles of 9% and 5% O2 at constant 20% CO2 . All control pups exhibited neonatal seizures after the asphyxia. RESULTS Even at 10 mg/kg, bumetanide did not potentiate the effect of a submaximal dose (15 mg/kg) of phenobarbital on seizure incidence, whereas a significant suppression of neonatal seizures was determined for combinations of phenobarbital with DIMAEB or, more effectively, bumepamine, which, however, does not inhibit NKCC1. Of interest, the bumepamine/phenobarbital combination prevented the neurodegenerative consequences of asphyxia and seizures in the hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE Both bumepamine and DIMAEB are promising tools that may help to develop more effective lead compounds for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Johne
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Käufer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Römermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Gailus
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Age-dependent and region-specific alteration of parvalbumin neurons, perineuronal nets and microglia in the mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus following obesogenic diet consumption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5593. [PMID: 33692414 PMCID: PMC7970944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent evidence demonstrates that excessive consumption of high fat and high sugar (HFHS) diets has negative consequences on hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. Moreover, the delayed maturation of the PFC including the late development of parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons and perineuronal nets (PNNs) may promote vulnerability to HFHS diet-induced nutritional stress. However, the young brain may have some resistance to diet-induced neuroinflammation. Thus, we examined the impact of a HFHS diet commencing either in adolescence or adulthood in male mice. PV interneurons, PNNs and microglia were assessed using immunohistochemistry. We observed greater numbers of PV neurons and PNNs in the hippocampus and the prelimbic and infralimbic PFC in adult mice in comparison to our younger cohort. Mice that consumed HFHS diet as adults had reduced numbers of hippocampal PV neurons and PNNs, which correlated with adiposity. However, we saw no effects of diet on PV and PNNs in the PFC. HFHS diet increased microgliosis in the adult cohort, and morphological changes to microglia were observed in the PFC and hippocampus of the adolescent cohort, with a shift to activated microglia phenotypes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate different regional and age-specific effects of obesogenic diets on PV neurons, PNNs and microglia.
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Yasojima EY, Domingues RJDS, Silva RC, Sousa LFFD, Trindade Júnior SC. Comparison of remote and local postconditioning against hepatic ischemic-reperfusion injury in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e360101. [PMID: 33533826 PMCID: PMC7853697 DOI: 10.1590/acb360101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the hepatic protective effect of both
remote and local postconditioning (POS). Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: sham group(SHAM),
ischemia-reperfusion group (IR), local ischemic POS group (lPOS) and remote
ischemic POS group (rPOS). Animals were subjected to liver ischemia for 30
min. Local ischemic POS group consisted of four cycles of 5 min liver
ischemia, followed by 5 min reperfusion (40 min). Remote ischemic POS group
consisted of four cycles of 5 min hind limb ischemia, followed by 5 min hind
limb perfusion after the main liver ischemia period. After 190 minutes
median and left liver lobes were harvested for biochemical and
histopathology analysis. Results: All the conditioning techniques were able to increase the level of
bothglutathione reductase and peroxidase, showing higher values in the rPOS
group when compared to the lPOS. Also, thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances were higher in all intervention groups when compared to SHAM, but
rPOS had the lower rates of increase, showing the best result. The
histopathology analysis showed that all groups had worst injury levels than
SHAM, but rPOS had lower degrees of damage when compared to the lPOS,
although it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Remote postconditioning is a promising technique to reduce liver
ischemia-reperfusion injury, once it increased antioxidants substances and
reduced the damage.
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Gao QS, Zhang YH, Xue H, Wu ZY, Li C, Zhao P. Brief inhalation of sevoflurane can reduce glial scar formation after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1052-1061. [PMID: 33269750 PMCID: PMC8224129 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that sevoflurane postconditioning can provide neuroprotection after hypoxic-ischemic injury and improve learning and memory function in developing rodent brains. The classical Rice-Vannucci model was used to induce hypoxic-ischemic injury, and newborn (postnatal day 7) rats were treated with 2.4% sevoflurane for 30 minutes after hypoxic-ischemic injury. Our results showed that sevoflurane postconditioning significantly improved the learning and memory function of rats, decreased astrogliosis and glial scar formation, increased numbers of dendritic spines, and protected the histomorphology of the hippocampus. Mechanistically, sevoflurane postconditioning decreased expression of von Hippel-Lindau of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and increased expression of DJ-1. Injection of 1.52 μg of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α inhibitor YC-1 (Lificiguat) into the left lateral ventricle 30 minutes before hypoxic-ischemic injury reversed the neuroprotection induced by sevoflurane. This finding suggests that sevoflurane can effectively alleviate astrogliosis in the hippocampus and reduce learning and memory impairments caused by glial scar formation after hypoxic-ischemic injury. The underlying mechanism may be related to upregulated DJ-1 expression, reduced ubiquitination of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and stabilized hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Care Committee of China Medical University, China (approval No. 2016PS337K) on November 9, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Shi Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ya-Han Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zi-Yi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Yang L, Dong Y, Wu C, Youngblood H, Li Y, Zong X, Li L, Xu T, Zhang Q. Effects of prenatal photobiomodulation treatment on neonatal hypoxic ischemia in rat offspring. Theranostics 2021; 11:1269-1294. [PMID: 33391534 PMCID: PMC7738878 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury is a severe complication often leading to neonatal death and long-term neurobehavioral deficits in children. Currently, the only treatment option available for neonatal HI injury is therapeutic hypothermia. However, the necessary specialized equipment, possible adverse side effects, and limited effectiveness of this therapy creates an urgent need for the development of new HI treatment methods. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to be neuroprotective against multiple brain disorders in animal models, as well as limited human studies. However, the effects of PBM treatment on neonatal HI injury remain unclear. Methods: Two-minutes PBM (808 nm continuous wave laser, 8 mW/cm2 on neonatal brain) was applied three times weekly on the abdomen of pregnant rats from gestation day 1 (GD1) to GD21. After neonatal right common carotid artery ligation, cortex- and hippocampus-related behavioral deficits due to HI insult were measured using a battery of behavioral tests. The effects of HI insult and PBM pretreatment on infarct size; synaptic, dendritic, and white matter damage; neuronal degeneration; apoptosis; mitochondrial function; mitochondrial fragmentation; oxidative stress; and gliosis were then assessed. Results: Prenatal PBM treatment significantly improved the survival rate of neonatal rats and decreased infarct size after HI insult. Behavioral tests revealed that prenatal PBM treatment significantly alleviated cortex-related motor deficits and hippocampus-related memory and learning dysfunction. In addition, mitochondrial function and integrity were protected in HI animals treated with PBM. Additional studies revealed that prenatal PBM treatment significantly alleviated HI-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and myeloid cell/astrocyte activation. Conclusion: Prenatal PBM treatment exerts neuroprotective effects on neonatal HI rats. Underlying mechanisms for this neuroprotection may include preservation of mitochondrial function, reduction of inflammation, and decreased oxidative stress. Our findings support the possible use of PBM treatment in high-risk pregnancies to alleviate or prevent HI-induced brain injury in the perinatal period.
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DISDIER C, STONESTREET BS. Hypoxic-ischemic-related cerebrovascular changes and potential therapeutic strategies in the neonatal brain. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1468-1484. [PMID: 32060970 PMCID: PMC7242133 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-related brain injury is an important cause of morbidity and long-standing disability in newborns. The only currently approved therapeutic strategy available to reduce brain injury in the newborn is hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia can only be used to treat HI encephalopathy in full-term infants and survivors remain at high risk for a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities as a result of residual brain injury. Therefore, there is an urgent need for adjunctive therapeutic strategies. Inflammation and neurovascular damage are important factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of HI-related brain injury and represent exciting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we address the role of each component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in the pathophysiology of HI-related injury in the neonatal brain. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) observed in the early hours after an HI-related event is associated with a response at the basal lamina level, which comprises astrocytes, pericytes, and immune cells, all of which could affect BBB function to further exacerbate parenchymal injury. Future research is required to determine potential drugs that could prevent or attenuate neurovascular damage and/or augment repair. However, some studies have reported beneficial effects of hypothermia, erythropoietin, stem cell therapy, anti-cytokine therapy and metformin in ameliorating several different facets of damage to the NVU after HI-related brain injury in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence DISDIER
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Barbara S STONESTREET
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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11
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Fu CH, Zhang BH, Fang CZ, Yan CX, Lai FF, Chen S, Wang GH. Long non-coding RNA CRNDE deteriorates intrauterine infection-induced neonatal brain injury. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 52:101565. [PMID: 32234564 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to test the hypothesis that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) could exacerbate brain injury caused by intrauterine infection in neonatal rats. METHODS Intrauterine infection was induced in pregnant rats by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After delivery, newborn rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection were randomly divided into control, control shRNA, and CRNDE shRNA groups. CRNDE expression in serum and amniotic fluid of pregnant rats and neonatal brain tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Morris water maze (MWM) task was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability. Histological examination and apoptosis detection were performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate the activation of astrocytes and microglia. RESULTS LncRNA CRNDE was highly expressed in serum and amniotic fluid of maternal rats and in brain tissues of offspring rats. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated CRNDE downregulation could rescue the spatial learning and memory ability, improve brain histopathological changes and cell death, and inhibit the activation of astrocytes and microglia caused by LPS. CONCLUSION CRNDE silencing possessed a cerebral protective effect in neonatal rats with brain injury caused by interauterine infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Fu
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Bing-Hong Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Fang
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Cai-Xia Yan
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Fang-Fang Lai
- Department of Pediatric, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Sai Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Gao-Hua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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12
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Fabres RB, Montes NL, Camboim YDM, de Souza SK, Nicola F, Tassinari ID, Ribeiro MFM, Netto CA, de Fraga LS. Long-Lasting Actions of Progesterone Protect the Neonatal Brain Following Hypoxia-Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1417-1428. [PMID: 32170571 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns, occurring in approximately 2% of live births. Neuroprotective actions of progesterone (PROG) have already been described in animal models of brain lesions. However, PROG actions on neonates are still controversial. Here, we treated male Wistar rats exposed to HI with PROG. Five experimental groups were defined (n = 6/group) according to the scheme of PROG administration (10 mg/kg): SHAM (animals submitted to a fictitious surgery, without ischemia induction, and maintained under normoxia), HI (animals undergoing HI), BEFORE (animals undergoing HI and receiving PROG immediately before HI), AFTER (animals undergoing HI and receiving PROG at 6 and 24 h after HI) and BEFORE/AFTER (animals undergoing HI and receiving PROG immediately before and 6 and 24 h after HI). At P14 (7 days following HI), the volumes of lesion of the cerebral hemisphere and the hippocampus ipsilateral to the cerebral ischemia were evaluated, along with p-Akt, cleaved caspase-3 and GFAP expression in the hippocampus. PROG reduces the loss of brain tissue caused by HI. Moreover, when administered after HI, PROG was able to increase p-Akt expression and reduce both cleaved caspase-3 and GFAP expression in the hippocampus. In summary, it was possible to observe a neuroprotective action of PROG on the brain of neonatal animals exposed to experimental HI. This is the first study suggesting PROG-dependent Akt activation is able to regulate negatively cleaved caspase-3 and GFAP expression protecting neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain tissue from apoptosis and reactive gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bandeira Fabres
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Lima Montes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Yahi de Menezes Camboim
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Samir Khal de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Nicola
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Neurociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Maria Flavia Marques Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Neurociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
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Abstract
Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke is a relatively common and serious neurologic disorder that can affect the fetus, the preterm, and the term-born infant. It carries significant long-term disabilities. Herein we describe the current understanding of its etiology, pathophysiology and classification, different presentations, and optimal early management. We discuss the role of different brain imaging modalities in defining the extent of lesions and the impact this has on the prediction of outcomes. In recent years there has been progress in treatments, making early diagnosis and the understanding of likely morbidities imperative. An overview is given of the range of possible outcomes and optimal approaches to follow-up and support for the child and their family in the light of present knowledge.
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14
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Hypoxic postconditioning enhances functional recovery following endothelin-1 induced middle cerebral artery occlusion in conscious rats. Exp Neurol 2018; 306:177-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Esposito E, Hayakawa K, Ahn BJ, Chan SJ, Xing C, Liang AC, Kim KW, Arai K, Lo EH. Effects of ischemic post-conditioning on neuronal VEGF regulation and microglial polarization in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2018; 146:160-172. [PMID: 29570780 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning is increasingly being investigated as a therapeutic approach for cerebral ischemia. However, the majority of studies are focused on the acute protection of neurons per se. Whether and how postconditioning affects multiple cells in the recovering neurovascular unit remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we asked whether postconditioning may modulate help-me signaling between injured neurons and reactive microglia. Rats were subjected to 100 min of focal cerebral ischemia, then randomized into a control versus postconditioning group. After 3 days of reperfusion, infarct volumes were significantly reduced in animals treated with postconditioning, along with better neurologic outcomes. Immunostaining revealed that ischemic postconditioning increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neurons within peri-infarct regions. Correspondingly, we confirmed that VEGFR2 was expressed on Iba1-positive microglia/macrophages, and confocal microscopy showed that in postconditioned rats, these cells were polarized to a ramified morphology with higher expression of M2-like markers. Treating rats with a VEGF receptor 2 kinase inhibitor negated these effects of postconditioning on microglia/macrophage polarization. In vitro, postconditoning after oxygen-glucose deprivation up-regulated VEGF release in primary neuron cultures, and adding VEGF to microglial cultures partly shifted their M2-like markers. Altogether, our findings support the idea that after postconditioning, injured neurons may release VEGF as a 'help-me' signal that promotes microglia/macrophage polarization into potentially beneficial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elga Esposito
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bum Ju Ahn
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jing Chan
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Changhong Xing
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Liang
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ken Arai
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Pan S, Li S, Hu Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Jiang H, Fang M, Li Z, Xu K, Zhang H, Lin Z, Xiao J. Resveratrol post-treatment protects against neonatal brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79247-79261. [PMID: 27811363 PMCID: PMC5346711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a devastating disease with limited treatment options. Preventive treatment with resveratrol has indicated to be well tolerated and has lower toxicity in both experimental models and human patients. However, whether resveratrol administration post-hypoxic-ischemic protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury is not known. Here we reported that post-treatment with resveratrol significantly reduced brain damage at 7-day after the injury. We found that resveratrol reduced the expression levels of key inflammatory factors at the mRNA and protein levels, and at least partially via inhibiting microglia activation. Moreover, resveratrol exerted an anti-apoptotic effect, as assessed by TUNEL staining, and altered the expression of the apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase3. Our data indicate that post-treatment with resveratrol protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and suggest a promising therapeutic strategy to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Pan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Songlin Li
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huai Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mingchu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhengmao Li
- The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Kebin Xu
- The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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17
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Deng Q, Chang Y, Cheng X, Luo X, Zhang J, Tang X. Postconditioning with repeated mild hypoxia protects neonatal hypoxia-ischemic rats against brain damage and promotes rehabilitation of brain function. Brain Res Bull 2018; 139:31-37. [PMID: 29425795 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mild hypoxia conditioning induced by repeated episodes of transient ischemia is a clinically applicable method for protecting the brain against injury after hypoxia-ischemic brain damage. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of repeated mild hypoxia postconditioning on brain damage and long-term neural functional recovery after hypoxia-ischemic brain damage. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats received different protocols of repeated mild hypoxia postconditioning. Seven-day-old rats with hypoxia ischemic brain damage (HIBD) from the left carotid ligation procedure plus 2 h hypoxic stress (8% O2 at 37 °C) were further receiving repeated mild hypoxia intermittently. The gross anatomy, functional analyses, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1a) expression, and neuronal apoptosis of the rat brains were subsequently examined. Compared to the HIBD group, rats postconditioned with mild hypoxia had elevated HIF-1a expression, more Nissl-stain positive cells in their brain tissue and their brains functioned better in behavioral analyses. The recovery of the brain function may be directly linked to the inhibitory effect of HIF-1α on neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, there were significantly less neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region of the rats postconditioned with mild hypoxia, which might also be related to the higher HIF-1a expression and better brain performance. Overall, these results suggested that postconditioning of neonatal rats after HIBD with mild hypoxia increased HIF-1a expression, exerted a neuroprotective effect and promoted neural functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS Repeated mild hypoxia postconditioning protects neonatal rats with HIBD against brain damage and improves neural functional recovery. Our results may have clinical implications for treating infants with HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, 195 Wenhui Road, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yanqun Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xiaomao Cheng
- Department of Finance Section, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xingang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory, The First affiliated Hospitial of Gannan Medical University, 23 Young Road, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
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18
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Shapira R, Solomon B, Efrati S, Frenkel D, Ashery U. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ameliorates pathophysiology of 3xTg-AD mouse model by attenuating neuroinflammation. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 62:105-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Fang M, Jiang H, Ye L, Cai C, Hu Y, Pan S, Li P, Xiao J, Lin Z. Metformin treatment after the hypoxia-ischemia attenuates brain injury in newborn rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75308-75325. [PMID: 29088867 PMCID: PMC5650422 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is a devastating disease that often leads to death and detrimental neurological deficits. The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of metformin to provide neuroprotection in a model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and to study the associated molecular mechanisms behind these protective effects. Here, we found that metformin treatment remarkably attenuated brain infarct volumes and brain edema at 24 h after HI injury, and the neuroprotection of metformin was associated with inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, suppression of the neuroinflammation and amelioration of the blood brain barrier breakdown. Additionally, metformin treatment conferred long-term protective against brain damage at 7 d after HI injury. Our study indicates that metformin treatment protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and thus has potential as a therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huai Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lixia Ye
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chenchen Cai
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shulin Pan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Peijun Li
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, United States
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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20
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Wu W, Wei W, Lu M, Zhu X, Liu N, Niu Y, Sun T, Li Y, Yu J. Neuroprotective Effect of Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Rats. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3186-3198. [PMID: 28755288 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and permanent neurological disability worldwide and the effective treatment strategies are not yet available. It has been demonstrated that Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) exerts protective effect in vitro ischemic brain injury. However, no information is available on possible effects of COS on neonatal HIBD. To investigate the hypothesis of the potential neuroprotective effect of COS on the brain injury due to HIBD, 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with left carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to 8% oxygen (balanced with nitrogen) for 2.5 h at 37 °C. After COS treatment, the cerebral damage was measured by behavior tasks, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC), Hematoxyline-Eosin(HE), Nissl and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)staining. In addition, the oxidative stress were assayed with ipsilateral hemisphere homogenates. Immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the activation of the astrocyte and microglia. Expression of inflammatory-related proteins were analyzed by western-blot analysis. In this study we found that administration of COS ameliorated early neurological reflex behavior, significantly reduce brain infarct volume and attenuated neuronal cell injury and degeneration. Furthermore, COS markedly decreased the level of MDA, lactic acid and increased SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC. COS attenuated hypoxic-ischemic induced up-regulation of expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), meanwhile it dramatically increased the interleukin-10 (IL-10). These results suggest that COS exerts neuroprotection on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats, it implies COS might be a potential therapeutic for the treatment of HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China. .,Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Teo JD, Morris MJ, Jones NM. Maternal obesity increases inflammation and exacerbates damage following neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 63:186-196. [PMID: 27746186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In humans, maternal obesity is associated with an increase in the incidence of birth related difficulties. However, the impact of maternal obesity on the severity of brain injury in offspring is not known. Recent studies have found evidence of increased glial response and inflammatory mediators in the brains as a result of obesity in humans and rodents. We hypothesised that hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) brain injury is greater in neonatal offspring from obese rat mothers compared to lean controls. METHODS Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated to high fat (HFD, n=8) or chow (n=4) diet and mated with lean male rats. On postnatal day 7 (P7), male and female pups were randomly assigned to HI injury or control (C) groups. HI injury was induced by occlusion of the right carotid artery followed by 3h exposure to 8% oxygen, at 37°C. Control pups were removed from the mother for the same duration under ambient conditions. Righting behaviour was measured on day 1 and 7 following HI. The extent of brain injury was quantified in brain sections from P14 pups using cresyl violet staining and the difference in volume between brain hemispheres was measured. RESULTS Before mating, HFD mothers were 11% heavier than Chow mothers (p<0.05, t-test). Righting reflex was delayed in offspring from HFD-fed mothers compared to the Chow mothers. The Chow-HI pups showed a loss in ipsilateral brain tissue, while the HFD-HI group had significantly greater loss. No significant difference was detected in brain volume between the HFD-C and Chow-C pups. When analysed on a per litter basis, the size of the injury was significantly correlated with maternal weight. Similar observations were made with neuronal staining showing a greater loss of neurons in the brain of offspring from HFD-mothers following HI compared to Chow. Astrocytes appeared to more hypertrophic and a greater number of microglia were present in the injured hemisphere in offspring from mothers on HFD. HI caused an increase in the proportion of amoeboid microglia and exposure to maternal HFD exacerbated this response. In the contralateral hemisphere, offspring exposed to maternal HFD displayed a reduced proportion of ramified microglia. CONCLUSIONS Our data clearly demonstrate that maternal obesity can exacerbate the severity of brain damage caused by HI in neonatal offspring. Given that previous studies have shown enhanced inflammatory responses in offspring of obese mothers, these factors including gliosis and microglial infiltration are likely to contribute to enhanced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Teo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole M Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, New South Wales, Australia.
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22
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Postconditioning-induced neuroprotection, mechanisms and applications in cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:43-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hypoxic postconditioning improves behavioural deficits at 6 weeks following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Behav Brain Res 2017. [PMID: 28647597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in newborns is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with many babies suffering neurological deficits. Recently, we showed that hypoxic postconditioning (PostC) immediately post injury can protect against HI up to one week in neonatal rats. Here, we aimed to examine whether long term functional deficits were also improved by PostC. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control (C) or HI group on postnatal day 7 (P7). The HI group underwent unilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by hypoxia (7% oxygen, 3h). Half of each group were randomly assigned to the PostC group (8% oxygen, 1h/day for 5days post-injury), or normoxic group, where animals were kept under ambient conditions. Righting reflex and negative geotaxis tests were performed on P8 and P14. On P42, rats underwent further behavioural tests of motor function and memory (forelimb grip strength, grid walking and novel object recognition tasks). Brain injury was assessed using histological scoring of brain sections. At P14, PostC reduced the righting reflex deficit compared to HI alone. Long-term (6 weeks) behavioural deficits were observed in grid walking and novel object recognition tests after HI alone, with both functions improved following PostC. Following HI, there was an increase in brain injury assessed by histological scoring compared to control, and this damage was reduced by PostC. This novel finding of long-term histological neuroprotection accompanied by functional improvements by PostC further demonstrates the clinical potential of mild hypoxia for the treatment of HI brain injury.
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Morán J, Stokowska A, Walker FR, Mallard C, Hagberg H, Pekna M. Intranasal C3a treatment ameliorates cognitive impairment in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2017; 290:74-84. [PMID: 28062175 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia-induced brain injury is often associated with irreversible neurological complications such as intellectual disability and cerebral palsy but available therapies are limited. Novel neuroprotective therapies as well as approaches stimulating neural plasticity mechanism that can compensate for cell death after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) are urgently needed. We previously reported that single i.c.v. injection of complement-derived peptide C3a 1h after HI induction prevented HI-induced cognitive impairment when mice were tested as adults. Here, we tested the effects of intranasal treatment with C3a on HI-induced cognitive deficit. Using the object recognition test, we found that intranasal C3a treated mice were protected from HI-induced impairment of memory function assessed 6weeks after HI induction. C3a treatment ameliorated HI-induced reactive gliosis in the hippocampus, while it did not affect the extent of hippocampal tissue loss, neuronal cell density, expression of the pan-synaptic marker synapsin I or the expression of growth associated protein 43. In conclusion, our results reveal that brief pharmacological treatment with C3a using a clinically feasible non-invasive mode of administration ameliorates HI-induced cognitive impairment. Intranasal administration is a plausible route to deliver C3a into the brain of asphyxiated infants at high risk of developing hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Morán
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Stokowska
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frederik R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carina Mallard
- Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College, London, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
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Yıldız EP, Ekici B, Tatlı B. Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: an update on disease pathogenesis and treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:449-459. [PMID: 27830959 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1259567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most important reason for morbidity and mortality in term-born infants. Understanding pathophysiology of the brain damage is essential for the early detection of patients with high risk for HIE and development of strategies for their treatments. Areas covered: This review discusses pathophysiology of the neonatal HIE and its treatment options, including hypothermia, melatonin, allopurinol, topiramate, erythropoietin, N-acetylcyctein, magnesium sulphate and xenon. Expert commentary: Several clinical studies have been performed in order to decrease the risk of brain injury due to difficulties in the early diagnosis and treatment, and to develop strategies for better long-term outcomes. Although currently standard treatment methods include therapeutic hypothermia for neonates with moderate to severe HIE, new supportive options are needed to enhance neuroprotective effects of the hypothermia, which should aim to reduce production of the free radicals and to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barış Ekici
- b Department of Pediatric Neurology , Liv Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Burak Tatlı
- a Department of Pediatric Neurology , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Cai Q, Wang T, Yang WJ, Fen X. Protective mechanisms of microRNA-27a against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injuries in hippocampal neurons. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1285-92. [PMID: 27651777 PMCID: PMC5020828 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.189194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic injuries during fetal distress have been shown to cause reduced expression of microRNA-27a (miR-27a), which regulates sensitivity of cortical neurons to apoptosis. We hypothesized that miR-27a overexpression attenuates hypoxia- and ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis by regulating FOXO1, an important transcription factor for regulating the oxidative stress response. miR-27a mimic was transfected into hippocampal neurons to overexpress miR-27a. Results showed increased hippocampal neuronal viability and decreased caspase-3 expression. The luciferase reporter gene system demonstrated that miR-27a directly binded to FOXO1 3'UTR in hippocampal neurons and inhibited FOXO1 expression, suggesting that FOXO1 was the target gene for miR-27a. These findings confirm that miR-27a protects hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injuries. The mechanism might be mediated by modulation of FOXO1 and apoptosis-related gene caspase-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Cai
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Jie Yang
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing Fen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Gamdzyk M, Ziembowicz A, Bratek E, Salinska E. Combining hypobaric hypoxia or hyperbaric oxygen postconditioning with memantine reduces neuroprotection in 7-day-old rat hypoxia-ischemia. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1076-83. [PMID: 27552063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia causes brain injury in neonates, but a fully successful treatment to prevent changes in the brain has yet to be developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining memantine treatment with HBO (2.5 ATA) or HH (0.47 ATA) on neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain injury. METHODS 7-day old rats were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) and treated with combination of memantine and HBO or HH. The brain damage was evaluated by examination of infarct area and the number of apoptotic cells in CA1 region of hippocampus. Additionally, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured. RESULTS Memantine, HBO or HH postconditioning applied at short time (1-6h) after H-I, and repeated for two subsequent days, resulted in significant neuroprotection. The reduction in ipsilateral hemisphere weight deficit and in the size of infarct area was observed 14days after H-I. A reduction in apoptosis and ROS level was also observed. Combining memantine with HBO or HH resulted in a loss of neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that, combining HBO or HH postconditioning with memantine produce no additive increase in the neuroprotective effect. On the contrary, combining the treatments resulted in lower neuroprotection in comparison to the effects of memantine, HBO or HH alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gamdzyk
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Apolonia Ziembowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewelina Bratek
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Salinska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.
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Lee CH, Park YC, Kim JH, Kim WY, Lee YS, Kim YH, Min TJ. The effects of hydromorphone on astrocytic responses in cerebral ischemia. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.17085/apm.2016.11.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Cheol Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Woon Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yoon Sook Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Too Jae Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
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29
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Notch-1 signaling regulates astrocytic proliferation and activation after hypoxia exposure. Neurosci Lett 2015; 603:12-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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