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Franken J, De Bruyn H, Rietjens R, Segal A, De Ridder D, Everaerts W, Voets T, Vande Velde G. X-ray videocystometry for high-speed monitoring of urinary tract function in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/30/eabi6821. [PMID: 34301607 PMCID: PMC8302127 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi6821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTd) represents a major health care problem with a high, unmet medical need. Design of additional therapies for LUTd requires precise tools to study bladder storage and voiding (dys)function in animal models. We developed videocystometry in mice, combining intravesical pressure measurements with high-speed fluoroscopy of the urinary tract. Videocystometry substantially outperforms current state-of-the-art methods to monitor the urine storage and voiding process, by enabling quantitative analysis of voiding efficiency, urethral flow, vesicoureteral reflux, and the relation between intravesical pressure and flow, in both anesthetized and awake, nonrestrained mice. Using videocystometry, we identified localized bladder wall micromotions correlated with different states of the filling/voiding cycle, revealed an acute effect of TRPV1 channel activation on voiding efficiency, and pinpointed the effects of urethane anesthesia on urine storage and urethral flow. Videocystometry has broad applications, ranging from the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of bladder control to drug development for LUTd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Franken
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research (LICR), VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Helene De Bruyn
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research (LICR), VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roma Rietjens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research (LICR), VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrei Segal
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research (LICR), VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Laboratory of Organ System, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Everaerts
- Laboratory of Organ System, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research (LICR), VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Anslow MJ, Bodnar AJ, Cerqueira DM, Bushnell D, Shrom BE, Sims-Lucas S, Bates CM, Ho J. Increased rates of vesicoureteral reflux in mice from deletion of Dicer in the peri-Wolffian duct stroma. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:382-390. [PMID: 32015493 PMCID: PMC7396288 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), backflow of urine into the kidney, is associated with urinary tract infections and chronic kidney disease. Integrity of the vesicoureteral junction (VUJ), where reflux occurs, is determined largely by proper induction of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. Induction is modulated by signals from the surrounding peri-Wolffian duct stroma. We evaluated whether miRNAs in the peri-Wolffian duct stroma are necessary for proper ureteric induction, VUJ formation, and suppression of VUR. METHODS We generated a mouse with loss of miRNAs in the peri-Wolffian duct stroma. We evaluated embryos for ureteric bud induction defects and expression of genes that regulate induction. We performed cystograms to assess for reflux and assessed VUJs in postnatal mice. RESULTS Mutant embryos had cranially displaced ureteric bud induction sites vs. controls. We observed no changes in expression of genes known to regulate induction. While mutants were early postnatal lethal, they had high rates of VUR vs. controls. Mutant VUJs that refluxed had low inserting ureters and shortened intravesicular tunnels vs. non-refluxing mice. CONCLUSIONS We found that miRNAs in the peri-Wolffian duct stroma are required for normal ureteric bud induction, VUJ formation, and prevention of VUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Anslow
- Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA,Corresponding author: Dr. Melissa Anslow, Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1522441, USA, Phone: 412-692-7808,
| | - Andrew J. Bodnar
- Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Débora M. Cerqueira
- Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Daniel Bushnell
- Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Brynn E. Shrom
- Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Carlton M. Bates
- Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
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Valério FC, Lemos RD, de C Reis AL, Pimenta LP, Vieira ÉL, Silva ACE. Biomarkers in vesicoureteral reflux: an overview. Biomark Med 2020; 14:683-696. [PMID: 32643393 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This article aimed to review the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and cellular adhesion molecules as biomarkers for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and reflux nephropathy (RN). Methods: We reviewed articles from 1979 onward by searching PubMed and Scopus utilizing the combination of words: 'VUR' or 'RN' and each one of the biomarkers. Results: Genetic, inflammatory, fibrogenic, environmental and epigenetic factors responsible for renal scarring need to be better understood. TGF-β, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF seem to exert a role in VUR particularly in RN based on the current literature. Serum levels of procalcitonin have been also associated with high-grade VUR and RN. These molecules should be more intensively evaluated as potential biomarkers for renal scarring in VUR. Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to define which molecules will really be of utility in clinical decisions and as therapeutic targets for VUR and RN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia C Valério
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil.,Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata D Lemos
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Ana L de C Reis
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Letícia P Pimenta
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Érica Lm Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Ana Cs E Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil.,Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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