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Xi BX, Liu SY, Xu YT, Zhang DD, Hu Q, Liu AG. Genetic Analysis of Two Novel GPI Variants Disrupting H Bonds and Localization Characteristics of 55 Gene Variants Associated with Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase Deficiency. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:426-434. [PMID: 38561594 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency is a rare hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia caused by GPI gene variants. This disorder exhibits wide heterogeneity in its clinical manifestations and molecular characteristics, often posing challenges for precise diagnoses using conventional methods. To this end, this study aimed to identify the novel variants responsible for GPI deficiency in a Chinese family. METHODS The clinical manifestations of the patient were summarized and analyzed for GPI deficiency phenotype diagnosis. Novel compound heterozygous variants of the GPI gene, c.174C>A (p.Asn58Lys) and c.1538G>T (p.Trp513Leu), were identified using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing. The AlphaFold program and Chimera software were used to analyze the effects of compound heterozygous variants on GPI structure. RESULTS By characterizing 53 GPI missense/nonsense variants from previous literature and two novel missense variants identified in this study, we found that most variants were located in exons 3, 4, 12, and 18, with a few localized in exons 8, 9, and 14. This study identified novel compound heterozygous variants associated with GPI deficiency. These pathogenic variants disrupt hydrogen bonds formed by highly conserved GPI amino acids. CONCLUSION Early family-based sequencing analyses, especially for patients with congenital anemia, can help increase diagnostic accuracy for GPI deficiency, improve child healthcare, and enable genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xin Xi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Si-Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Ting Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - De-Dong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qun Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ai-Guo Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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2
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Rungratanawanich W, Ballway JW, Wang X, Won KJ, Hardwick JP, Song BJ. Post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins in epigenetic regulation and translational applications in alcohol-associated liver disease: Challenges and research opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108547. [PMID: 37838219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is a process that takes place through adaptive cellular pathways influenced by environmental factors and metabolic changes to modulate gene activity with heritable phenotypic variations without altering the DNA sequences of many target genes. Epigenetic regulation can be facilitated by diverse mechanisms: many different types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone and non-histone nuclear proteins, DNA methylation, altered levels of noncoding RNAs, incorporation of histone variants, nucleosomal positioning, chromatin remodeling, etc. These factors modulate chromatin structure and stability with or without the involvement of metabolic products, depending on the cellular context of target cells or environmental stimuli, such as intake of alcohol (ethanol) or Western-style high-fat diets. Alterations of epigenetics have been actively studied, since they are frequently associated with multiple disease states. Consequently, explorations of epigenetic regulation have recently shed light on the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-associated disorders. In this review, we highlight the roles of various types of PTMs, including less-characterized modifications of nuclear histone and non-histone proteins, in the epigenetic regulation of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and other disorders. We also describe challenges in characterizing specific PTMs and suggest future opportunities for basic and translational research to prevent or treat ALD and many other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacob W Ballway
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - James P Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Genetic Influences on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010195. [PMID: 36672936 PMCID: PMC9859092 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) encompasses the range of deleterious outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the affected offspring, including developmental delay, intellectual disability, attention deficits, and conduct disorders. Several factors contribute to the risk for and severity of FASD, including the timing, dose, and duration of PAE and maternal factors such as age and nutrition. Although poorly understood, genetic factors also contribute to the expression of FASD, with studies in both humans and animal models revealing genetic influences on susceptibility. In this article, we review the literature related to the genetics of FASD in humans, including twin studies, candidate gene studies in different populations, and genetic testing identifying copy number variants. Overall, these studies suggest different genetic factors, both in the mother and in the offspring, influence the phenotypic outcomes of PAE. While further work is needed, understanding how genetic factors influence FASD will provide insight into the mechanisms contributing to alcohol teratogenicity and FASD risk and ultimately may lead to means for early detection and intervention.
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4
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Cai T, Huang J, Ma X, Hu S, Zhu L, Zhu J, Feng Z. Case Report: Identification of Two Variants of ALG13 in Families With or Without Seizure and Binocular Strabismus: Phenotypic Spectrum Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:892940. [PMID: 35899201 PMCID: PMC9310169 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.892940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic causes in most affected children with intellectual disability and/or development delay remain unknown. Methods: To identify potential variants responsible for these disorders, we recruited 161 affected families and performed whole-exome sequencing and associated bioinformatics analysis. Results: In the present study, we report the identification of variants in the ALG13 gene in two of the families. In family 1, a known pathogenic missense variant (c.23T > C; p.V8A) of ALG13 was identified in a boy and his mother. In family 2, a novel missense variant (c.862C > G; p.L288V) of the same gene was identified in the affected boy and his phenotypically normal mother. Genotype-phenotype correlation analysis by comparing reported 28 different variants (HGMD) showed that three major phenotypes, including various seizures/epilepsy, intellectual disability, and development delay (such as growth, speech, motor, etc.), are present in most affected individuals. However, other phenotypes, such as strabismus and absence of seizure in our second patient, are not reported if any, which may represent a unique case of X-linked recessive nonsyndromic disorder caused by a mutation in ALG13. Conclusion: We identified two missense variants in ALG13 in a cohort of 161 families with affected individuals diagnosed as intellectual disability and/or development delay. A novel c.862C > G mutation may represent a case of X-linked recessive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cai
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Experimental Medicine Section, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Tao Cai, ; Zhichun Feng,
| | - Jieting Huang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwei Ma
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,The National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwen Zhu
- Angen Gene Medicine Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, China,The National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key Technology, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Tao Cai, ; Zhichun Feng,
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5
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Yoon B, Yeung P, Santistevan N, Bluhm LE, Kawasaki K, Kueper J, Dubielzig R, VanOudenhove J, Cotney J, Liao EC, Grinblat Y. Zebrafish models of alx-linked frontonasal dysplasia reveal a role for Alx1 and Alx3 in the anterior segment and vasculature of the developing eye. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059189. [PMID: 35142342 PMCID: PMC9167625 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and genetic mechanisms that coordinate formation of facial sensory structures with surrounding skeletal and soft tissue elements remain poorly understood. Alx1, a homeobox transcription factor, is a key regulator of midfacial morphogenesis. ALX1 mutations in humans are linked to severe congenital anomalies of the facial skeleton (frontonasal dysplasia, FND) with malformation or absence of eyes and orbital contents (micro- and anophthalmia). Zebrafish with loss-of-function alx1 mutations develop with craniofacial and ocular defects of variable penetrance, likely due to compensatory upregulation in expression of a paralogous gene, alx3. Here we show that zebrafish alx1;alx3 mutants develop with highly penetrant cranial and ocular defects that resemble human ALX1-linked FND. alx1 and alx3 are expressed in anterior cranial neural crest (aCNC), which gives rise to the anterior neurocranium (ANC), anterior segment structures of the eye and vascular pericytes. Consistent with a functional requirement for alx genes in aCNC, alx1; alx3 mutants develop with nearly absent ANC and grossly aberrant hyaloid vasculature and ocular anterior segment, but normal retina. In vivo lineage labeling identified a requirement for alx1 and alx3 during aCNC migration, and transcriptomic analysis suggested oxidative stress response as a key target mechanism of this function. Oxidative stress is a hallmark of fetal alcohol toxicity, and we found increased penetrance of facial and ocular malformations in alx1 mutants exposed to ethanol, consistent with a protective role for alx1 against ethanol toxicity. Collectively, these data demonstrate a conserved role for zebrafish alx genes in controlling ocular and facial development, and a novel role in protecting these key midfacial structures from ethanol toxicity during embryogenesis. These data also reveal novel roles for alx genes in ocular anterior segment formation and vascular development and suggest that retinal deficits in alx mutants may be secondary to aberrant ocular vascularization and anterior segment defects. This study establishes robust zebrafish models for interrogating conserved genetic mechanisms that coordinate facial and ocular development, and for exploring gene--environment interactions relevant to fetal alcohol syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baul Yoon
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pan Yeung
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, 02114, USA
| | - Nicholas Santistevan
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lauren E. Bluhm
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kenta Kawasaki
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, 02114, USA
| | - Janina Kueper
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, 02114, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Dubielzig
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer VanOudenhove
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Justin Cotney
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Eric C. Liao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, 02114, USA
| | - Yevgenya Grinblat
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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6
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Bravo‐Pérez C, Morena‐Barrio ME, Morena‐Barrio B, Miñano A, Padilla J, Cifuentes R, Garrido P, Vicente V, Corral J. Molecular and clinical characterization of transient antithrombin deficiency: A new concept in congenital thrombophilia. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:216-225. [PMID: 34800304 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombin deficiency, the most severe thrombophilia, might be underestimated, since it is only investigated in cases with consistent functional deficiency or family history. We have analyzed 444 consecutive, unrelated cases, from 1998 to 2021, with functional results supporting antithrombin deficiency in at least one sample. Plasma antithrombin was evaluated by functional and biochemical methods in at least two samples. SERPINC1 gene was analyzed by sequencing and MPLA. Hypoglycosylation was studied by electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In 260 of 305 cases (85.2%) with constitutive deficiency (activity < 80% in all samples), a SERPINC1 (N = 250), or N-glycosylation defect (N = 10) was observed, while 45 remained undetermined. The other 139 cases had normal antithrombin activity (≥ 80%) in at least one sample, what we called transient deficiency. Sixty-one of these cases (43.9%) had molecular defects: 48 had SERPINC1 variants, with two recurrent mutations (p.Ala416Ser[Cambridge II], N = 15; p.Val30Glu[Dublin], N = 12), and 13 hypoglycosylation. Thrombotic complications occurred in transient deficiency, but were less frequent, latter-onset, and had a higher proportion of arterial events than in constitutive deficiency. Two mechanisms explained transient deficiency: The limitation of functional methods to detect some variants and the influence of external factors on the pathogenic consequences of these mutations. Our study reveals a molecular defect in a significant proportion of cases with transient antithrombin deficiency, and changes the paradigm of thrombophilia, as the pathogenic effect of some mutations might depend on external factors and be present only at certain timepoints. Antithrombin deficiency is underestimated, and molecular screening might be appropriate in cases with fluctuating laboratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bravo‐Pérez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB, CIBERER Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - María Eugenia Morena‐Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB, CIBERER Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Belén Morena‐Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB, CIBERER Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Antonia Miñano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB, CIBERER Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - José Padilla
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB, CIBERER Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Rosa Cifuentes
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB, CIBERER Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Pedro Garrido
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB, CIBERER Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB, CIBERER Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Javier Corral
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB, CIBERER Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
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7
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Gang Q, Bettencourt C, Brady S, Holton JL, Healy EG, McConville J, Morrison PJ, Ripolone M, Violano R, Sciacco M, Moggio M, Mora M, Mantegazza R, Zanotti S, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Liu WW, Beeson D, Hanna M, Houlden H. Genetic defects are common in myopathies with tubular aggregates. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 9:4-15. [PMID: 34908252 PMCID: PMC8791796 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A group of genes have been reported to be associated with myopathies with tubular aggregates (TAs). Many cases with TAs still lack of genetic clarification. This study aims to explore the genetic background of cases with TAs in order to improve our knowledge of the pathogenesis of these rare pathological structures. Methods Thirty‐three patients including two family members with biopsy confirmed TAs were collected. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed on 31 unrelated index patients and a candidate gene search strategy was conducted. The identified variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The wild‐type and the mutant p.Ala11Thr of ALG14 were transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293), and western blot analysis was performed to quantify protein expression levels. Results Eleven index cases (33%) were found to have pathogenic variant or likely pathogenic variants in STIM1, ORAI1, PGAM2, SCN4A, CASQ1 and ALG14. Among them, the c.764A>T (p.Glu255Val) in STIM1 and the c.1333G>C (p.Val445Leu) in SCN4A were novel. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of ALG14 protein was severely reduced in the mutant ALG14 HEK293 cells (p.Ala11Thr) compared with wild type. The ALG14 variants might be associated with TAs in patients with complex multisystem disorders. Interpretation This study expands the phenotypic and genotypic spectrums of myopathies with TAs. Our findings further confirm previous hypothesis that genes related with calcium signalling pathway and N‐linked glycosylation pathway are the main genetic causes of myopathies with TAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease Discovery, Beijing, 100034, China.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Stefen Brady
- Oxford Muscle Service, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, London, UK
| | - Estelle G Healy
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - John McConville
- Department of Neurology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Patrick J Morrison
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Michela Ripolone
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Violano
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Sciacco
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Isitituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Isitituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Zanotti
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Isitituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease Discovery, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease Discovery, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Beeson
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,Neurogenetics Laboratory, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
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8
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Maya-Enero S, Ramis-Fernández SM, Astals-Vizcaino M, García-Algar Ó. Neurocognitive and behavioral profile of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 95:208.e1-208.e9. [PMID: 34456169 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading preventable cause of cognitive deficit in developed countries and can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). This term encompasses a wide range of physical, mental, behavioral, and cognitive effects that result from damage caused by exposure to alcohol during intrauterine life. Alcohol consumption among the general population is common in Eastern European countries and especially among women at risk of social exclusion, who are the ones who lose or give up custody of their children. A high number of these children are adopted in Spain and many of them present neurocognitive and behavioral disorders, causing FASD to be a public health problem in our country. In many occasions this clinical spectrum is delayed or under-diagnosed due to the overlapping of neuropsychological symptoms caused by the abandonment. A neurocognitive and behavioral profile specific for FASD has not been defined and all the symptoms are common to other etiologies. The aim of this work is to review the neuropsychological profile in the diagnosis of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maya-Enero
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Astals-Vizcaino
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Medicoquirúrgicas, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Sterken MG, van Wijk MH, Quamme EC, Riksen JAG, Carnell L, Mathies LD, Davies AG, Kammenga JE, Bettinger JC. Transcriptional analysis of the response of C. elegans to ethanol exposure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10993. [PMID: 34040055 PMCID: PMC8155136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol-induced transcriptional changes underlie important physiological responses to ethanol that are likely to contribute to the addictive properties of the drug. We examined the transcriptional responses of Caenorhabditis elegans across a timecourse of ethanol exposure, between 30 min and 8 h, to determine what genes and genetic pathways are regulated in response to ethanol in this model. We found that short exposures to ethanol (up to 2 h) induced expression of metabolic enzymes involved in metabolizing ethanol and retinol, while longer exposure (8 h) had much more profound effects on the transcriptome. Several genes that are known to be involved in the physiological response to ethanol, including direct ethanol targets, were regulated at 8 h of exposure. This longer exposure to ethanol also resulted in the regulation of genes involved in cilia function, which is consistent with an important role for the effects of ethanol on cilia in the deleterious effects of chronic ethanol consumption in humans. Finally, we found that food deprivation for an 8-h period induced gene expression changes that were somewhat ameliorated by the presence of ethanol, supporting previous observations that worms can use ethanol as a calorie source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Sterken
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke H van Wijk
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C Quamme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Joost A G Riksen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucinda Carnell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, 98926, USA
| | - Laura D Mathies
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrew G Davies
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jan E Kammenga
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jill C Bettinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
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10
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[Neurocognitive and behavioral profile of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021. [PMID: 33745838 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading preventable cause of cognitive deficit in developed countries and can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). This term encompasses a wide range of physical, mental, behavioral, and cognitive effects that result from damage caused by exposure to alcohol during intrauterine life. Alcohol consumption among the general population is common in Eastern European countries and especially among women at risk of social exclusion, who are the ones who lose or give up custody of their children. A high number of these children are adopted in Spain and many of them present neurocognitive and behavioral disorders, causing FASD to be a public health problem in our country. In many occasions this clinical spectrum is delayed or under-diagnosed due to the overlapping of neuropsychological symptoms caused by the abandonment. A neurocognitive and behavioral profile specific for FASD has not been defined and all the symptoms are common to other etiologies. The aim of this work is to review the neuropsychological profile in the diagnosis of TEAF.
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11
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Liu XR, Bian WJ, Wang J, Ye TT, Li BM, Liu DT, Tang B, Deng WW, Shi YW, Su T, Yi YH, Liao WP. Heterozygous PGM3 Variants Are Associated With Idiopathic Focal Epilepsy With Incomplete Penetrance. Front Genet 2020; 11:559080. [PMID: 33193641 PMCID: PMC7597759 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.559080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic focal epilepsy (IFE) is a group of self-limited epilepsies. The etiology for the majority of the patients with IFE remains elusive. We thus screened disease-causing variants in the patients with IFE. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 323 patients with IFE. Protein modeling was performed to predict the effects of missense variants. The genotype-phenotype correlation of the newly defined causative gene was analyzed. Results Four novel heterozygous variants in PGM3, including two de novo variants, were identified in four unrelated individuals with IFE. The variants included one truncating variant (c.1432C > T/p.Q478X) and three missense variants (c.478C > T/p.P160S, c.1239C > G/p.N413K, and c.1659T > A/p.N553K), which had no allele frequency in the gnomAD database. The missense variants were predicted to be damaging and affect hydrogen bonds with surrounding amino acids. Mutations Q478X, P160S, and N413K were associated with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal electroencephalograph (EEG) spikes. P160S and N413K were located in the inner side of the enzyme active center. Mutation N553K was associated with benign occipital epilepsy with incomplete penetrance, located in the C-terminal of Domain 4. Further analysis demonstrated that previously reported biallelic PGM3 mutations were associated with severe immunodeficiency and/or congenital disorder of glycosylation, commonly accompanied by neurodevelopmental abnormalities, while monoallelic mutations were associated with milder symptoms like IFE. Conclusion The genetic and molecular evidence from the present study implies that the PGM3 variants identified in IFE patients lead to defects of the PGM3 gene, suggesting that the PGM3 gene is potentially associated with epilepsy. The genotype-phenotype relationship of PGM3 mutations suggested a quantitative correlation between genetic impairment and phenotypic severity, which helps explain the mild symptoms and incomplete penetrance in individuals with IFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Tian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Wen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Wu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Institute, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, of Neuroscience, Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Tao PF, Huang HC. Regulation of AβPP Glycosylation Modification and Roles of Glycosylation on AβPP Cleavage in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2115-2124. [PMID: 30802027 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of senile plaques in the gray matter of the brain is one of the major pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyloid-β (Aβ) is the main component of extracellular deposits of the senile plaques. Aβ derives from amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP) cleaved by β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase, and the abnormal cleavage of AβPP is an important event leading to overproduction and aggregation of Aβ species. After translation, AβPP undergoes post-translational modifications (PTMs) including glycosylation and phosphorylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, and these modifications play an important role in regulating the cleavage of this protein. In this Review, we summarize research progress on the modification of glycosylation, especially O-GlcNAcylation and mucin-type O-linked glycosylation (also known as O-GalNAcylation), on the regulation of AβPP cleavage and on the influence of AβPP's glycosylation in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han-Chang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China
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13
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Bhatia S, Drake DM, Miller L, Wells PG. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in the mechanism of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:714-748. [PMID: 31033255 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review covers molecular mechanisms involving oxidative stress and DNA damage that may contribute to morphological and functional developmental disorders in animal models resulting from exposure to alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) in utero or in embryo culture. Components covered include: (a) a brief overview of EtOH metabolism and embryopathic mechanisms other than oxidative stress; (b) mechanisms within the embryo and fetal brain by which EtOH increases the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); (c) critical embryonic/fetal antioxidative enzymes and substrates that detoxify ROS; (d) mechanisms by which ROS can alter development, including ROS-mediated signal transduction and oxidative DNA damage, the latter of which leads to pathogenic genetic (mutations) and epigenetic changes; (e) pathways of DNA repair that mitigate the pathogenic effects of DNA damage; (f) related indirect mechanisms by which EtOH enhances risk, for example by enhancing the degradation of some DNA repair proteins; and, (g) embryonic/fetal pathways like NRF2 that regulate the levels of many of the above components. Particular attention is paid to studies in which chemical and/or genetic manipulation of the above mechanisms has been shown to alter the ability of EtOH to adversely affect development. Alterations in the above components are also discussed in terms of: (a) individual embryonic and fetal determinants of risk and (b) potential risk biomarkers and mitigating strategies. FASD risk is likely increased in progeny which/who are biochemically predisposed via genetic and/or environmental mechanisms, including enhanced pathways for ROS formation and/or deficient pathways for ROS detoxification or DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Bhatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle M Drake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Peter G Wells
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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de la Morena-Barrio ME, Wypasek E, Owczarek D, Miñano A, Vicente V, Corral J, Undas A. MPI-CDG with transient hypoglycosylation and antithrombin deficiency. Haematologica 2018; 104:e79-e82. [PMID: 30545931 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.211326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Spain
| | - Ewa Wypasek
- John Paul II Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, and the Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland
| | - Danuta Owczarek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Antonia Miñano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Spain
| | - Javier Corral
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Spain
| | - Anetta Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
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