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Shi Y, Huang D, Song C, Cao R, Wang Z, Wang D, Zhao L, Xu X, Lu C, Xiong F, Zhao H, Li S, Zhou Q, Luo S, Hu D, Zhang Y, Wang C, Shen Y, Su W, Wu Y, Schmitz K, Wei S, Song W. Diphthamide deficiency promotes association of eEF2 with p53 to induce p21 expression and neural crest defects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3301. [PMID: 38671004 PMCID: PMC11053169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diphthamide is a modified histidine residue unique for eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), a key ribosomal protein. Loss of this evolutionarily conserved modification causes developmental defects through unknown mechanisms. In a patient with compound heterozygous mutations in Diphthamide Biosynthesis 1 (DPH1) and impaired eEF2 diphthamide modification, we observe multiple defects in neural crest (NC)-derived tissues. Knockin mice harboring the patient's mutations and Xenopus embryos with Dph1 depleted also display NC defects, which can be attributed to reduced proliferation in the neuroepithelium. DPH1 depletion facilitates dissociation of eEF2 from ribosomes and association with p53 to promote transcription of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, resulting in inhibited proliferation. Knockout of one p21 allele rescues the NC phenotypes in the knockin mice carrying the patient's mutations. These findings uncover an unexpected role for eEF2 as a transcriptional coactivator for p53 to induce p21 expression and NC defects, which is regulated by diphthamide modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Daochao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ruixue Cao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Congyu Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Haowen Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuyue Luo
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Dongjie Hu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weiting Su
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Karl Schmitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Weihong Song
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Schaffrath R, Brinkmann U. Diphthamide - a conserved modification of eEF2 with clinical relevance. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:164-177. [PMID: 38097404 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Diphthamide, a complex modification on eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), assures reading-frame fidelity during translation. Diphthamide and enzymes for its synthesis are conserved in eukaryotes and archaea. Originally identified as target for diphtheria toxin (DT) in humans, its clinical relevance now proves to be broader than the link to pathogenic bacteria. Diphthamide synthesis enzymes (DPH1 and DPH3) are associated with cancer, and DPH gene mutations can cause diphthamide deficiency syndrome (DDS). Finally, new analyses provide evidence that diphthamide may restrict propagation of viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1, and that DPH enzymes are targeted by viruses for degradation to overcome this restriction. This review describes how diphthamide is synthesized and functions in translation, and covers its clinical relevance in human development, cancer, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Schaffrath
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany.
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3
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Ütkür K, Mayer K, Khan M, Manivannan T, Schaffrath R, Brinkmann U. DPH1 and DPH2 variants that confer susceptibility to diphthamide deficiency syndrome in human cells and yeast models. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050207. [PMID: 37675463 PMCID: PMC10538292 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The autosomal-recessive diphthamide deficiency syndrome presents as intellectual disability with developmental abnormalities, seizures, craniofacial and additional morphological phenotypes. It is caused by reduced activity of proteins that synthesize diphthamide on human translation elongation factor 2. Diphthamide synthesis requires seven proteins (DPH1-DPH7), with clinical deficiency described for DPH1, DPH2 and DPH5. A limited set of variant alleles from syndromic patients has been functionally analyzed, but databases (gnomAD) list additional so far uncharacterized variants in human DPH1 and DPH2. Because DPH enzymes are conserved among eukaryotes, their functionality can be assessed in yeast and mammalian cells. Our experimental assessment of known and uncharacterized DPH1 and DPH2 missense alleles showed that six variants are tolerated despite inter-species conservation. Ten additional human DPH1 (G113R, A114T, H132P, H132R, S136R, C137F, L138P, Y152C, S221P, H240R) and two DPH2 (H105P, C341Y) variants showed reduced functionality and hence are deficiency-susceptibility alleles. Some variants locate close to the active enzyme center and may affect catalysis, while others may impact on enzyme activation. In sum, our study has identified functionally compromised alleles of DPH1 and DPH2 genes that likely cause diphthamide deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ütkür
- Institut für Biologie,Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Maliha Khan
- Institut für Biologie,Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Thirishika Manivannan
- Institut für Biologie,Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Institut für Biologie,Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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Alur V, Raju V, Vastrad B, Vastrad C, Kavatagimath S, Kotturshetti S. Bioinformatics Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing Data Identifies Molecular Biomarkers Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231155635. [PMID: 36844983 PMCID: PMC9944228 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231155635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disorder. The aim of the present investigation was to identify gene signature specific to T2DM. Methods The next generation sequencing (NGS) dataset GSE81608 was retrieved from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between T2DM and normal controls. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA (micro RNA)-hub gene regulatory network construction and TF (transcription factor)-hub gene regulatory network construction, and topological analysis were performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was also performed to verify the prognostic value of hub genes. Results A total of 927 DEGs (461 were up regulated and 466 down regulated genes) were identified in T2DM. GO and REACTOME results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in protein metabolic process, establishment of localization, metabolism of proteins, and metabolism. The top centrality hub genes APP, MYH9, TCTN2, USP7, SYNPO, GRB2, HSP90AB1, UBC, HSPA5, and SQSTM1 were screened out as the critical genes. ROC analysis provides prognostic value of hub genes. Conclusion The potential crucial genes, especially APP, MYH9, TCTN2, USP7, SYNPO, GRB2, HSP90AB1, UBC, HSPA5, and SQSTM1, might be linked with risk of T2DM. Our study provided novel insights of T2DM into genetics, molecular pathogenesis, and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Alur
- Department of Endocrinology, J.J.M
Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Varshita Raju
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, J.J.M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,
Chanabasava Nilaya, Dharwad, Karnataka, India,Chanabasayya Vastrad, Biostatistics and
Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka 580001,
India.
| | - Satish Kavatagimath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E.
College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Malone TJ, Kaczmarek LK. The role of altered translation in intellectual disability and epilepsy. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 213:102267. [PMID: 35364140 PMCID: PMC10583652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A very high proportion of cases of intellectual disability are genetic in origin and are associated with the occurrence of epileptic seizures during childhood. These two disorders together effect more than 5% of the world's population. One feature linking the two diseases is that learning and memory require the synthesis of new synaptic components and ion channels, while maintenance of overall excitability also requires synthesis of similar proteins in response to altered neuronal stimulation. Many of these disorders result from mutations in proteins that regulate mRNA processing, translation initiation, translation elongation, mRNA stability or upstream translation modulators. One theme that emerges on reviewing this field is that mutations in proteins that regulate changes in translation following neuronal stimulation are more likely to result in epilepsy with intellectual disability than general translation regulators with no known role in activity-dependent changes. This is consistent with the notion that activity-dependent translation in neurons differs from that in other cells types in that the changes in local cellular composition, morphology and connectivity that occur generally in response to stimuli are directly coupled to local synaptic activity and persist for months or years after the original stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Malone
- Departments of Pharmacology, and of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street B-309, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Departments of Pharmacology, and of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street B-309, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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6
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Shankar SP, Grimsrud K, Lanoue L, Egense A, Willis B, Hörberg J, AlAbdi L, Mayer K, Ütkür K, Monaghan KG, Krier J, Stoler J, Alnemer M, Shankar PR, Schaffrath R, Alkuraya FS, Brinkmann U, Eriksson LA, Lloyd K, Rauen KA. A novel DPH5-related diphthamide-deficiency syndrome causing embryonic lethality or profound neurodevelopmental disorder. Genet Med 2022; 24:1567-1582. [PMID: 35482014 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diphthamide is a post-translationally modified histidine essential for messenger RNA translation and ribosomal protein synthesis. We present evidence for DPH5 as a novel cause of embryonic lethality and profound neurodevelopmental delays (NDDs). METHODS Molecular testing was performed using exome or genome sequencing. A targeted Dph5 knockin mouse (C57BL/6Ncrl-Dph5em1Mbp/Mmucd) was created for a DPH5 p.His260Arg homozygous variant identified in 1 family. Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation assays in DPH5-knockout human and yeast cells and in silico modeling were performed for the identified DPH5 potential pathogenic variants. RESULTS DPH5 variants p.His260Arg (homozygous), p.Asn110Ser and p.Arg207Ter (heterozygous), and p.Asn174LysfsTer10 (homozygous) were identified in 3 unrelated families with distinct overlapping craniofacial features, profound NDDs, multisystem abnormalities, and miscarriages. Dph5 p.His260Arg homozygous knockin was embryonically lethal with only 1 subviable mouse exhibiting impaired growth, craniofacial dysmorphology, and multisystem dysfunction recapitulating the human phenotype. Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation assays showed absent to decreased function in DPH5-knockout human and yeast cells. In silico modeling of the variants showed altered DPH5 structure and disruption of its interaction with eEF2. CONCLUSION We provide strong clinical, biochemical, and functional evidence for DPH5 as a novel cause of embryonic lethality or profound NDDs with multisystem involvement and expand diphthamide-deficiency syndromes and ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma P Shankar
- Division of Genomic Medicine, UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA.
| | - Kristin Grimsrud
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Louise Lanoue
- UC Davis Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Alena Egense
- Division of Genomic Medicine, UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Brandon Willis
- UC Davis Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Johanna Hörberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lama AlAbdi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich (RICM), Penzberg, Germany
| | - Koray Ütkür
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Joel Krier
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network
| | - Joan Stoler
- Undiagnosed Diseases Network; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Maha Alnemer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu R Shankar
- Division of Health Informatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich (RICM), Penzberg, Germany
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kent Lloyd
- UC Davis Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Division of Genomic Medicine, UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Health, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
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- Undiagnosed Diseases Network
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7
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Diphthamide promotes TOR signaling by increasing the translation of proteins in the TORC1 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2104577118. [PMID: 34507998 PMCID: PMC8449394 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104577118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diphthamide, a modification found only on translation elongation factor 2 (EF2), was proposed to suppress -1 frameshifting in translation. Although diphthamide is conserved among all eukaryotes, exactly what proteins are affected by diphthamide deletion is not clear in cells. Through genome-wide profiling for a potential -1 frameshifting site, we identified that the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1)/mammalian TORC1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is affected by deletion of diphthamide. Diphthamide deficiency in yeast suppresses the translation of TORC1-activating proteins Vam6 and Rtc1. Interestingly, TORC1 signaling also promotes diphthamide biosynthesis, suggesting that diphthamide forms a positive feedback loop to promote translation under nutrient-rich conditions. Our results provide an explanation for why diphthamide is evolutionarily conserved and why diphthamide deletion can cause severe developmental defects.
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8
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Cheng SSW, Luk HM, Lo IFM. An adult Chinese patient with developmental delay with short stature, dysmorphic features, and sparse hair (Loucks-Innes syndrome). Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1925-1931. [PMID: 33704902 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the diphthamide biosynthesis I (DPH1, OMIM*603527) are associated with developmental delay, short stature, and sparse hair syndrome (DEDSSH/DPH1 syndrome) (OMIM# 616901). Another name is Loucks-Innes syndrome. DPH1 syndrome is an ultrarare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Less than 20 patients were reported from different ethnicities. Here, we described the first Chinese adult with genetically confirmed DPH1 syndrome. We summarized previously reported patients in the literature and found that developmental delay, unusual skull shape, sparse hair, and facial dysmorphism were consistently present in all DPH1 syndrome patients. Dysplastic toenails and dental abnormalities are age-dependent characteristics of DPH1 syndrome. Our patient was the first reported patient with documented growth hormone deficiency. Dental and endocrine checkup should be considered in the routine follow-up of DPH1 syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley S W Cheng
- Department of Health, HKSAR, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Department of Health, HKSAR, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan F M Lo
- Department of Health, HKSAR, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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9
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Sekiguchi F, Tsurusaki Y, Okamoto N, Teik KW, Mizuno S, Suzumura H, Isidor B, Ong WP, Haniffa M, White SM, Matsuo M, Saito K, Phadke S, Kosho T, Yap P, Goyal M, Clarke LA, Sachdev R, McGillivray G, Leventer RJ, Patel C, Yamagata T, Osaka H, Hisaeda Y, Ohashi H, Shimizu K, Nagasaki K, Hamada J, Dateki S, Sato T, Chinen Y, Awaya T, Kato T, Iwanaga K, Kawai M, Matsuoka T, Shimoji Y, Tan TY, Kapoor S, Gregersen N, Rossi M, Marie-Laure M, McGregor L, Oishi K, Mehta L, Gillies G, Lockhart PJ, Pope K, Shukla A, Girisha KM, Abdel-Salam GMH, Mowat D, Coman D, Kim OH, Cordier MP, Gibson K, Milunsky J, Liebelt J, Cox H, El Chehadeh S, Toutain A, Saida K, Aoi H, Minase G, Tsuchida N, Iwama K, Uchiyama Y, Suzuki T, Hamanaka K, Azuma Y, Fujita A, Imagawa E, Koshimizu E, Takata A, Mitsuhashi S, Miyatake S, Mizuguchi T, Miyake N, Matsumoto N. Genetic abnormalities in a large cohort of Coffin-Siris syndrome patients. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:1173-1186. [PMID: 31530938 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS, MIM#135900) is a congenital disorder characterized by coarse facial features, intellectual disability, and hypoplasia of the fifth digit and nails. Pathogenic variants for CSS have been found in genes encoding proteins in the BAF (BRG1-associated factor) chromatin-remodeling complex. To date, more than 150 CSS patients with pathogenic variants in nine BAF-related genes have been reported. We previously reported 71 patients of whom 39 had pathogenic variants. Since then, we have recruited an additional 182 CSS-suspected patients. We performed comprehensive genetic analysis on these 182 patients and on the previously unresolved 32 patients, targeting pathogenic single nucleotide variants, short insertions/deletions and copy number variations (CNVs). We confirmed 78 pathogenic variations in 78 patients. Pathogenic variations in ARID1B, SMARCB1, SMARCA4, ARID1A, SOX11, SMARCE1, and PHF6 were identified in 48, 8, 7, 6, 4, 1, and 1 patients, respectively. In addition, we found three CNVs including SMARCA2. Of particular note, we found a partial deletion of SMARCB1 in one CSS patient and we thoroughly investigated the resulting abnormal transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Faculty of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women's University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keng Wee Teik
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Central Hospital, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Winnie Peitee Ong
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muzhirah Haniffa
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mari Matsuo
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Saito
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shubha Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Patrick Yap
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Manisha Goyal
- Rare Disease Clinic, J K Lone Hospital, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lorne A Clarke
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rani Sachdev
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - George McGillivray
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Royal Children's Hospital Department of Neurology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Hisaeda
- Department of Neonatology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junpei Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Sumito Dateki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Asahikawa-Kosei General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Chinen
- Department of Child Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kougoro Iwanaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuoka
- Department of General Pediatrics, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Shimoji
- Department of General Pediatrics, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tiong Yang Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement, and INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, CRNL, GENDEV Team, UCBL1, Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Marie-Laure
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement, and INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, CRNL, GENDEV Team, UCBL1, Bron, France
| | - Lesley McGregor
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kimihiko Oishi
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi Mehta
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Greta Gillies
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Pope
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Katta Mohan Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - David Mowat
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Coman
- Department of Paediatrics, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ok Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Kate Gibson
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Jan Liebelt
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Services, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Helen Cox
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Genetique Medicale, Hopital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Ken Saida
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Aoi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Minase
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwama
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Suzuki
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Azuma
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eri Imagawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate school of medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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10
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Saida K, Kim CA, Ceroni JRM, Bertola DR, Honjo RS, Mitsuhashi S, Takata A, Mizuguchi T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Matsumoto N. Hemorrhagic stroke and renovascular hypertension with Grange syndrome arising from a novel pathogenic variant in YY1AP1. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:885-890. [PMID: 31270375 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric hypertension can cause hypertensive emergencies, including hemorrhagic stroke, contributing to rare but serious childhood morbidity and mortality. Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is one of the major causes of secondary hypertension in children. Grange syndrome (MIM#602531) is a rare disease characterized by multiple stenosis or occlusion of the renal, abdominal, coronary, and cerebral arteries, which can cause phenotypes of RVH and fibromuscular dysplasia (MIM#135580). We report the case of a 7-year-old girl with Grange syndrome who showed RVH and multiple seizure episodes. At 1 year of age, she experienced seizures and sequential hemiparesis caused by a left thalamic hemorrhage without cerebral vascular anomalies. Chronic hypertension was observed, and abdominal computed tomography angiography showed characteristic bilateral renal artery stenosis. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in the YY1AP1 gene (NM_001198903.1: c.1169del: p.Lys390Argfs*12). Biallelic YY1AP1 mutations are known to cause Grange syndrome. Unlike previously reported patients, our patient presented with intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke without anomalous brain artery or bone fragility. The phenotype in our patient may help better understand this ultra-rare syndrome. Grange syndrome should be considered in patients presenting with childhood-onset hypertension and/or hemorrhagic stroke for early clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Saida
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Romeo Bertola
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel Sayuri Honjo
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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11
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Urreizti R, Mayer K, Evrony GD, Said E, Castilla-Vallmanya L, Cody NAL, Plasencia G, Gelb BD, Grinberg D, Brinkmann U, Webb BD, Balcells S. DPH1 syndrome: two novel variants and structural and functional analyses of seven missense variants identified in syndromic patients. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 28:64-75. [PMID: 30877278 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DPH1 variants have been associated with an ultra-rare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder, mainly characterized by variable developmental delay, short stature, dysmorphic features, and sparse hair. We have identified four new patients (from two different families) carrying novel variants in DPH1, enriching the clinical delineation of the DPH1 syndrome. Using a diphtheria toxin ADP-ribosylation assay, we have analyzed the activity of seven identified variants and demonstrated compromised function for five of them [p.(Leu234Pro); p.(Ala411Argfs*91); p.(Leu164Pro); p.(Leu125Pro); and p.(Tyr112Cys)]. We have built a homology model of the human DPH1-DPH2 heterodimer and have performed molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of these variants on the catalytic sites as well as on the interactions between subunits of the heterodimer. The results show correlation between loss of activity, reduced size of the opening to the catalytic site, and changes in the size of the catalytic site with clinical severity. This is the first report of functional tests of DPH1 variants associated with the DPH1 syndrome. We demonstrate that the in vitro assay for DPH1 protein activity, together with structural modeling, are useful tools for assessing the effect of the variants on DPH1 function and may be used for predicting patient outcomes and prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Urreizti
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development. Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Gilad D Evrony
- Center for Human Genetics & Genomics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edith Said
- Section of Medical Genetics, Mater dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Laura Castilla-Vallmanya
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neal A L Cody
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | | | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development. Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Roles of Elongator Dependent tRNA Modification Pathways in Neurodegeneration and Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 10:genes10010019. [PMID: 30597914 PMCID: PMC6356722 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor molecule in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of tRNA modification in response to environmental changes can tune the efficiency of gene expression in concert with the emerging epitranscriptomic mRNA regulators. Several of the tRNA modifications are required to prevent human diseases and are particularly important for proper development and generation of neurons. In addition to the positive role of different tRNA modifications in prevention of neurodegeneration, certain cancer types upregulate tRNA modification genes to sustain cancer cell gene expression and metastasis. Multiple associations of defects in genes encoding subunits of the tRNA modifier complex Elongator with human disease highlight the importance of proper anticodon wobble uridine modifications (xm⁵U34) for health. Elongator functionality requires communication with accessory proteins and dynamic phosphorylation, providing regulatory control of its function. Here, we summarized recent insights into molecular functions of the complex and the role of Elongator dependent tRNA modification in human disease.
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13
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Hawer H, Ütkür K, Arend M, Mayer K, Adrian L, Brinkmann U, Schaffrath R. Importance of diphthamide modified EF2 for translational accuracy and competitive cell growth in yeast. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205870. [PMID: 30335802 PMCID: PMC6193676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the modification of an invariant histidine (His-699 in yeast) residue in translation elongation factor 2 (EF2) with diphthamide involves a conserved pathway encoded by the DPH1-DPH7 gene network. Diphthamide is the target for diphtheria toxin and related lethal ADP ribosylases, which collectively kill cells by inactivating the essential translocase function of EF2 during mRNA translation and protein biosynthesis. Although this notion emphasizes the pathological importance of diphthamide, precisely why cells including our own require EF2 to carry it, is unclear. Mining the synthetic genetic array (SGA) landscape from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has revealed negative interactions between EF2 (EFT1-EFT2) and diphthamide (DPH1-DPH7) gene deletions. In line with these correlations, we confirm in here that loss of diphthamide modification (dphΔ) on EF2 combined with EF2 undersupply (eft2Δ) causes synthetic growth phenotypes in the composite mutant (dphΔ eft2Δ). These reflect negative interference with cell performance under standard as well as thermal and/or chemical stress conditions, cell growth rates and doubling times, competitive fitness, cell viability in the presence of TOR inhibitors (rapamycin, caffeine) and translation indicator drugs (hygromycin, anisomycin). Together with significantly suppressed tolerance towards EF2 inhibition by cytotoxic DPH5 overexpression and increased ribosomal -1 frame-shift errors in mutants lacking modifiable pools of EF2 (dphΔ, dphΔ eft2Δ), our data indicate that diphthamide is important for the fidelity of the EF2 translocation function during mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmen Hawer
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Koray Ütkür
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Meike Arend
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center München, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- AG Geobiochemie, Department Isotopenbiogeochemie, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Fachgebiet Geobiotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center München, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
- * E-mail:
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