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Yaffe Y. Parental Overprotection and Locus of Control as the Mechanisms Explaining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Anxiety: A Multiple Mediation Model. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01757-4. [PMID: 39264508 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The study probes the role played by parenting control practices and parental locus of control in the relationship between parent and child anxiety. The study particularly aims at probing these matters in light of the parental gender-specific role, striving to improve our understanding of the differential etiological contribution of mothers' and fathers' anxiety and parental practices to child's anxiety. The study consisted of 316 parents (159 mothers and 157 fathers) who reported their own and their child's anxiety using valid instruments. The general path model used in the study exhibited an adequate fit to the data, generally confirming our theory regarding the direct and indirect associations between parent-child anxiety. Using SEM multiple group analysis for parental gender, a strong-direct unique association was found between parent and child anxiety. For mothers, this association was partially mediated by maternal overprotection. Finally, maternal external locus of control was positively associated with child anxiety, after accounting for the effects of all other maternal variables. The study's findings and limitations are profoundly discussed in light of parental gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Yaffe
- Department of Special Education, Tel-Hai Academic College, 12208 Kiryat Shmona, Upper Galilee, Israel.
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Buczkowska M, Górski M, Domagalska J, Buczkowski K, Nowak P. Type D Personality and Health Behaviors in People Living with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14650. [PMID: 36429364 PMCID: PMC9690440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering that health behaviors and personality traits play an important role in the formation of health attitudes, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the relations that occur between type D personality and health behaviors in a group of obese patients. METHODS 443 adult patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, who had been hospitalized in selected hospital facilities in the Silesian Voivodeship (Poland), participated in the study. Respondents completed three standardized questionnaires-the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, version A (MHLC-A), the Inventory of Health Behaviors (IZZ), and the Type D Scale (DS-14). RESULTS Patients with type D personality were characterized by the least effective mental attitudes and preventive behaviors, and differed significantly from the other personality types (intermediate and non-type D). Type D personality increased the risk of initiating improper health behaviors by more than five times. Regarding the sense of health control, patients with type D personality had significantly lower scores for the Internal Dimension subscale (21.3 ± 3.1) and higher for the Powerful Others Dimension subscale (24.0 ± 2.6), compared to patients with intermediate and non-type D personality. Proper health behaviors correlated with an internal sense of health control; the strongest correlation, defined as a medium, was with Preventive Behaviors (R = 0.42; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Type D personality was associated with poorer attitudes towards health. Among obese respondents with a type D personality, there was a significantly higher prevalence of those who believed that their health status was a consequence of chance events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Buczkowska
- Department of Toxicology and Health Protection, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Górski
- Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagalska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Buczkowski
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, City Hospital, 41-100 Siemianowice Slaskie, Poland
| | - Przemysław Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Pearce J, Rundle R. Baby-led weaning: A thematic analysis of comments made by parents using online parenting forums. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 36:772-786. [PMID: 35996924 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baby-led weaning (BLW) centres on making the baby an active partner, rather than a passive recipient of complementary feeding. Key features of BLW include self-feeding foods in their natural form, eating with the rest of the family and consuming family foods. This differs from traditional weaning (TW) where parents initially spoon feed purees, alongside finger foods, before graduating to more textured food. Previous research, however, has suggested parents may not fully adhere to one weaning style. This study aimed to explore how the meaning and interpretation of BLW may contribute to the weaning style used. METHODS Messages and responses posted on three UK parenting forums, and relating to complementary feeding, were analysed using an interpretive thematic approach. RESULTS The characterisation of BLW by parents was varied but they described BLW having an ethos which included trusting the baby, role modelling, developing confidence with food and sharing the social aspects of mealtimes. BLW also offered an alternative to those actively seeking something different or a default for those whose baby refused purees or spoon feeding. BLW felt like a natural progression, with low parental effort for some, and a source of anxiety, stress, choking risk and mess for others. Many parents struggled to find a process (what to eat and when) within BLW, that they could follow. Finger foods were used synonymously with BLW but many mixed/blurred aspects of both TW and BLW. CONCLUSIONS The interpretation of BLW varies considerably between parents and a broader definition of BLW may be required, along with guidance on the process and purpose of BLW. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Pearce
- Food & Nutrition Subject Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB
| | - Rachel Rundle
- Food & Nutrition Subject Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB
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Duplaga M, Grysztar M. Nutritional Behaviors, Health Literacy, and Health Locus of Control of Secondary Schoolers in Southern Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124323. [PMID: 34959875 PMCID: PMC8709351 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional behaviors remain an essential part of a healthy lifestyle. It seems obvious that unfavorable health behaviors adopted in adolescence are maintained late in adulthood and may have a profound effect on health status. The main aim of this study was to assess the association between nutritional behaviors and health literacy (HL), health locus of control (HLC), and socioeconomic variables in secondary school pupils from a voivodship (the main unit of territorial division) in southern Poland. The analysis was based on dataTable from a paper-and-pencil survey taken by 2223 pupils from schools selected as the result of cluster sampling. The survey questionnaire encompassed a set of five items asking about dietary patterns and the consumption of fruit and vegetables as well as fast food, a European Health Literacy Project Questionnaire consisting of 47 items, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale, and items asking about sociodemographic and economic variables. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression models have been developed to assess the predictors of indicator nutrition behaviors. The adjusted models revealed that internal HLC was not significantly associated with any of analyzed nutritional behaviors. “Powerful other HLC” and “Chance HLC” (dimension of external HLC) were significant predictors of the selected dietary patterns. Furthermore, higher HL was associated with higher consumption of fruit and vegetables [odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI)]: 1.02 (1.01–1.04) and with lower consumption of fast food (OR, 95% CI, 0.98, 0.95–0.999). There was a significant relationship between gender, the size of the household, self-assessed economic situation, expenditures on mobile phones, and weekly duration of Internet use and selected nutrition behaviors. In conclusion, developed regression models confirmed a significant relationship between HL and the types of consumed food, but not with dieting patterns. Contrary to earlier studies, internal HLC was not associated with nutrition behaviors. In our study, boys showed more favorable nutritional behaviors than girls. More intense use of the Internet was associated with less beneficial nutritional behaviors. This study brings important results that should have an impact on health promotion interventions addressed to adolescents in southern Poland.
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Barreto-Zarza F, Sánchez de Miguel M, Ibarluzea J, González-Safont L, Rebagliato M, Arranz-Freijo EB. Family Context Assessment in Middle Childhood: A Tool Supporting Social, Educational, and Public Health Interventions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031094. [PMID: 33530634 PMCID: PMC7908572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Quality of the family context has an important role in the physical and mental health of children; that is why it is important to have reliable and updated tools. This study aims to design and validate a new tool, the Haezi Etxadi Family Assessment Scale 7-11 (HEFAS 7-11), to assess family context quality in middle childhood. A sample of two cohorts of 772 Spanish families with children aged between 7 and 11 (M = 9.39 years; SD = 1.57; 51.2% girls), participated in the study. Results showed good psychometric properties for the instrument and the confirmatory factor analysis showed a five individual subscales structure: 1. Promotion of Cognitive and Linguistic Development (α = 0.79); 2. Promotion of Socio Emotional Development (α = 0.83); 3. Organization of Physical Environment and Social Context (α = 0.73); 4. Parental Stress & Conflict (α = 0.75); and 5. Parental Profile Fostering Child Development (α = 0.80). The association between HEFAS 7-11 and Trial Making Test was also analyzed to determine the concurrent validity of the instrument. The new scale shows its potential in the fields of research, social and educational, to know those variables that need to be promoted under the approach of positive parenting from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Barreto-Zarza
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.S.d.M.); (J.I.); (E.B.A.-F.)
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel Sánchez de Miguel
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.S.d.M.); (J.I.); (E.B.A.-F.)
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.S.d.M.); (J.I.); (E.B.A.-F.)
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (M.R.)
| | - Llúcia González-Safont
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (M.R.)
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO -Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisa Rebagliato
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (M.R.)
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO -Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Enrique B. Arranz-Freijo
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.S.d.M.); (J.I.); (E.B.A.-F.)
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
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Chavira-Suárez E, Ramírez-Mendieta AJ, Martínez-Gutiérrez S, Zárate-Segura P, Beltrán-Montoya J, Espinosa-Maldonado NC, de la Cerda-Ángeles JC, Vadillo-Ortega F. Influence of pre-pregnancy body mass index (p-BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on DNA methylation and protein expression of obesogenic genes in umbilical vein. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226010. [PMID: 31794592 PMCID: PMC6890247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that affect obesogenic genes expression in newborns is essential for early prevention efforts, but they remain unclear. Our study aimed to explore whether the maternal p-BMI and GWG were associated with regulatory single-locus DNA methylation in selected obesogenic genes. For this purpose, DNA methylation was assayed by Methylation-Sensitive High Resolution Melting (MS-HRM) technique and Sanger allele-bisulfite sequencing in fifty samples of umbilical vein to evaluate glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2 (GNPDA2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α), and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes. Correlations between DNA methylation levels and indicators of maternal nutritional status were carried out. Western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression in extracts of the same samples. Results indicated that GNPDA2 and PGC1α genes have the same level of DNA methylation in all samples; however, a differential DNA methylation of LEPR gene promoter was found, correlating it with GWG and this correlation is unaffected by maternal age or unhealthy habits. Furthermore, leptin receptor (Lep-Rb) was upregulated in samples that showed the lowest levels of DNA methylation. This study highlights the association between poor GWG and adjustments on obesogenic genes expression in newborn tissues with potential consequences for development of obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Chavira-Suárez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Jazmín Ramírez-Mendieta
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sofía Martínez-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Zárate-Segura
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Beltrán-Montoya
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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The Association of Children’s Locus of Control Orientation and Emotion Recognition Abilities at 8 Years of Age and Teachers’ Ratings of Their Personal and Social Difficulties at 10 Years. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10919-019-00304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Nowicki S, Gregory S, Iles-Caven Y, Ellis G, Golding J. Early Home-Life Antecedents of Children's Locus of Control. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2032. [PMID: 30443228 PMCID: PMC6221930 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Children's external locus of control has been linked to a wide variety of negative academic achievement, personality, and social adjustment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to discover which features of early home environment may facilitate the development of external as opposed to internal control expectancies in children. We use an exposome approach to analyze data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort study, a longitudinal study starting in pregnancy in England in 1990-1992. Details of parents and their study children were collected prospectively, and children's locus of control was assessed at age 8 using an abbreviated form of the most frequently used measure of children's locus of control (Nowicki-Strickland Internal External locus of control scale). A series of stepwise logistic regression analyses were undertaken to determine the strongest independent associations. The final model (n = 4,075 children) comprised 13 variables - those with the strongest associations with the child becoming externally oriented were two that were positive indicators of the mother being distracted (TV on almost the whole time, and a consideration that pets should be treated as members of the family), three that were indicators of protective (negative) effects of interaction between mother and child (child was breast fed, mother read stories to the child, mother cuddled the baby when he/she woke at night), and two divergent indicators of maternal health behavior (more frequent cleaning of the child's hands before a meal which was associated with a heightened risk of become external, and providing a healthy-type of diet, which was associated with a reduced risk of becoming external). The findings suggest that inadequate early maternal interaction with the child is associated with an increased risk of the child being externally oriented by the age of 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Nowicki
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Steven Gregory
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Genette Ellis
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Golding
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Iles-Caven Y, Golding J, Ellis G, Gregory S, Nowicki S. Data relating to change in locus of control orientation of parents overtime (from pre-birth to 20 years later), participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Data Brief 2018; 19:2195-2204. [PMID: 30229096 PMCID: PMC6141524 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Locus of control (LOC) measures an individual׳s expectancy regarding their ability to affect what happens to them based on their behavior. Those with an internal LOC (ILOC) believe their own behavior influences what happens to them. Those with an external LOC (ELOC) perceive that what happens to them is beyond their control (i.e. determined by luck, fate, chance or powerful others) [1]. A vast amount of research (mainly cross-sectional) suggests that an ELOC is associated with many adverse personal, social, academic and health outcomes. LOC data were uniquely collected prenatally from over 12,000 pregnant women and their partners enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The LOC measure used was a shortened version of the adult version of the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External locus of control scale. This was administered to the mothers within self-completion questionnaires at three-time points: during pregnancy, at 6 and at 18 years post-partum. In parallel, self-completion questionnaires containing the same LOC questions were completed by their partners during pregnancy, at 6 and 20 years later. ALSPAC LOC data are unique in that they measured orientation over time and on a much larger sample of respondents than is usual. We describe the scale used, why it was chosen and how individual scores changed over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Jean Golding
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Genette Ellis
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Steven Gregory
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
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