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Sanaya N, Janusaite M, Dalamaga M, Magkos F. The Physiological Effects of Weight-Cycling: A Review of Current Evidence. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:35-50. [PMID: 38172475 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a common perception among the public that yo-yo dieting, defined as repeated cycles of weight loss followed by weight regain, results in accumulation of fat in the body and lower metabolic rate, thus hindering subsequent attempts to lose weight. We evaluated the effects of weight-cycling on body weight and body mass index (BMI), body composition including fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM), and resting metabolic rate (RMR), by systematically reviewing existing scientific literature. RECENT FINDINGS Twenty-three cross-sectional and cohort studies (including subjects with a history of weight-cycling compared to those without such history) and interventional studies (evaluating physiological effects during one or more cycles of weight loss and regain) were identified, conducted in generally healthy adults across various age groups, races, and both genders, who had normal weight, overweight, or obesity. Eighteen studies investigated the association between weight-cycling and body weight or BMI, and thirteen of them found no significant association. Fifteen out of twenty studies also found no increase in FM, and none of eighteen studies found a decrease in LBM. Twelve out of fourteen studies reported no adverse changes in RMR either. The overwhelming majority of evidence suggests that weight-cycling (yo-yo effect) is not associated with any adverse effects in body weight, body composition, and metabolic rate. Accordingly, healthy individuals who struggle with overweight or obesity should not be discouraged from repeated attempts to lose the excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sanaya
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Monika Janusaite
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Rais N, Ved A, Ahmad R, Parveen A. Research-based Analytical Procedures to Evaluate Diabetic Biomarkers and Related Parameters: In Vitro and In Vivo Methods. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e201023222417. [PMID: 37867271 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998252495231011182012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degenerative tendency of diabetes leads to micro- and macrovascular complications due to abnormal levels of biochemicals, particularly in patients with poor diabetic control. Diabetes is supposed to be treated by reducing blood glucose levels, scavenging free radicals, and maintaining other relevant parameters close to normal ranges. In preclinical studies, numerous in vivo trials on animals as well as in vitro tests are used to assess the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the test substances. Since a substance that performs poorly in vitro won't perform better in vivo, the outcomes of in vitro studies can be utilized as a direct indicator of in vivo activities. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to provide research scholars with a comprehensive overview of laboratory methods and procedures for a few selected diabetic biomarkers and related parameters. METHOD The search was conducted on scientific database portals such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, BASE, DOAJ, etc. Conclusion: The development of new biomarkers is greatly facilitated by modern technology such as cell culture research, lipidomics study, microRNA biomarkers, machine learning techniques, and improved electron microscopies. These biomarkers do, however, have some usage restrictions. There is a critical need to find more accurate and sensitive biomarkers. With a few modifications, these biomarkers can be used with or even replace conventional markers of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Rais
- Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305004, India
| | - Akash Ved
- Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226028, India
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivek College of Technical Education, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh 246701, India
| | - Aashna Parveen
- Faculty of Applied Science, Bhagwant Global University, Kotdwar, Uttarakhand 246149, India
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Xiao L, De Jesus DF, Ju CW, Wei JB, Hu J, DiStefano-Forti A, Tsuji T, Cero C, Männistö V, Manninen SM, Wei S, Ijaduola O, Blüher M, Cypess AM, Pihlajamäki J, Tseng YH, He C, Kulkarni RN. m 6 A mRNA Methylation in Brown Adipose Tissue Regulates Systemic Insulin Sensitivity via an Inter-Organ Prostaglandin Signaling Axis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542169. [PMID: 37292780 PMCID: PMC10245942 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the capacity to regulate systemic metabolism through the secretion of signaling lipids. N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) is the most prevalent and abundant post-transcriptional mRNA modification and has been reported to regulate BAT adipogenesis and energy expenditure. In this study, we demonstrate that the absence of m 6 A methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), modifies the BAT secretome to initiate inter-organ communication to improve systemic insulin sensitivity. Importantly, these phenotypes are independent of UCP1-mediated energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Using lipidomics, we identified prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) as M14 KO -BAT-secreted insulin sensitizers. Notably, circulatory PGE2 and PGF2a levels are inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity in humans. Furthermore, in vivo administration of PGE2 and PGF2a in high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant obese mice recapitulates the phenotypes of METTL14 deficient animals. PGE2 or PGF2a improves insulin signaling by suppressing the expression of specific AKT phosphatases. Mechanistically, METTL14-mediated m 6 A installation promotes decay of transcripts encoding prostaglandin synthases and their regulators in human and mouse brown adipocytes in a YTHDF2/3-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel biological mechanism through which m 6 A-dependent regulation of BAT secretome regulates systemic insulin sensitivity in mice and humans. Highlights Mettl14 KO -BAT improves systemic insulin sensitivity via inter-organ communication; PGE2 and PGF2a are BAT-secreted insulin sensitizers and browning inducers;PGE2 and PGF2a sensitize insulin responses through PGE2-EP-pAKT and PGF2a-FP-AKT axis; METTL14-mediated m 6 A installation selectively destabilizes prostaglandin synthases and their regulator transcripts; Targeting METTL14 in BAT has therapeutic potential to enhance systemic insulin sensitivity. Abstract Figure
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Pesonen E, Nurkkala M, Niemelä M, Morin-Papunen L, Tapanainen JS, Jämsä T, Korpelainen R, Ollila MM, Piltonen TT. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with weight-loss attempts and perception of overweight independent of BMI: a population-based cohort study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1108-1120. [PMID: 36855820 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Up to 70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have pre-obesity or obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether women with PCOS have more weight-loss attempts than women without PCOS, regardless of BMI. Moreover, women's weight perceptions in relation to previous weight-loss attempts were evaluated. METHODS A population-based birth cohort study included women with (n = 278) and without PCOS (control individuals, n = 1560) who were examined at ages 31 and 46 years with questionnaires and clinical examinations. RESULTS Women with PCOS had more weight-loss attempts compared with control individuals at age 31 (47% vs. 34%, p < 0.001) and 46 years (63% vs. 47%, p < 0.001). At age 46 years, PCOS was associated with multiple weight-loss attempts in the adjusted model (odds ratio: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.00-2.03], p = 0.05). The perception of having overweight was more prevalent in those with PCOS, even among participants with normal weight, at age 31 (PCOS 47% vs. control 34%, p = 0.014) and 46 years (PCOS 60% vs. control 39%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Women with PCOS were more likely to have experienced multiple weight-loss attempts and a perception of having overweight compared with control individuals, regardless of obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Pesonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjukka Nurkkala
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maisa Niemelä
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laure Morin-Papunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Jämsä
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Meri-Maija Ollila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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