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Kujur MS, Venkatraman Krishnan A, Manakari V, Parande G, Dieringa H, Mallick A, Gupta M. Scope of magnesium ceria nanocomposites for mandibular reconstruction: Degradation and biomechanical evaluation using a 3-dimensional finite element analysis approach. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106424. [PMID: 38290392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium/Ceria nanocomposites (Mg/xCeO2 NCs (x = 0.5 %, 1 % and 1.5 %)) prepared by using powder metallurgy and microwave sintering method are assessed for their corrosion rate for a period of 28 days. As per the immersion tests results, the addition of ceria nanoparticles to pure Mg, brought about a noteworthy improvement to corrosion resistance. A corrosion rate of approximately 0.84 mm/year for Mg/0.5CeO2 and 0.99 mm/year for Mg/1.0CeO2 nanocomposites were observed. Another aspect of the study involves employing the simulation method i.e. finite element analysis (FEA) to compare the stress distribution in magnesium-ceria nanocomposite based screws and circular bars especially for Mg/0.5CeO2 and Mg/1.0CeO2. Further, the simulation also gives a perception of the impact of masticatory forces, the biting force and shear stress exerted on the Mg/0.5CeO2 and Mg/1.0CeO2 based screws. The simulations results show that the screws showed an acceptable level of stresses for a biting force up to 300 N. The circular bar as well kept its stresses at acceptable levels for the same load of 300N. The shear stress results indicated that a biting force up to 602 N can be safely absorbed by Mg/0.5CeO2 screw. The comprehensive approach allows for a better understanding of the corrosion behavior, stress distribution, and mechanical properties of the Mg/CeO2 nanocomposites, enabling the development of effective temporary implants for craniofacial trauma fixation that can withstand normal physiological forces during mastication. The study reported in this paper aims to target Mg/xCeO2 NCs for temporary implants for craniofacial trauma fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milli Suchita Kujur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Material and Process Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | | | - Vyasaraj Manakari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Magloy Tech Pte. Ltd., Singapore.
| | - Gururaj Parande
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Magloy Tech Pte. Ltd., Singapore.
| | - Hajo Dieringa
- Institute of Material and Process Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Ashis Mallick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India.
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Jia MS, Hash S, Reynoso W, Elsaadany M, Ibrahim H. Characterization and Biocompatibility Assessment of Boron Nitride Magnesium Nanocomposites for Orthopedic Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:757. [PMID: 37508784 PMCID: PMC10376449 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) has been intensively studied as a promising alternative material to inert metallic alloys for orthopedic fixation devices due to its biodegradable nature inside the body and its favorable biocompatibility. However, the low mechanical strength and rapid corrosion of Mg in physiological environments represent the main challenges for the development of Mg-based devices for orthopedic applications. A possible solution to these limitations is the incorporation of a small content of biocompatible nanoparticles into the Mg matrix to increase strength and possibly corrosion resistance of the resulting nanocomposites. In this work, the effect of adding boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles (0.5 and 1.5 vol.%) on the mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of Mg-based nanocomposites was investigated. The properties of the nanocomposites fabricated using powder metallurgy methods were assessed using microstructure analyses, microhardness, compression tests, in vitro corrosion, contact angle, and cytotoxicity tests. A significant increase in the microhardness, strength, and corrosion rates of Mg-BN nanocomposites was detected compared with those of pure Mg (0% BN). Crystalline surface post-corrosion byproducts were detected and identified via SEM, EDX, and XRD. Biocompatibility assessments showed that the incorporation of BN nanoparticles had no significant impact on the cytotoxicity of Mg and samples were hydrophilic based on the contact angle results. These results confirm that the addition of BN nanoparticles to the Mg matrix can increase strength and corrosion resistance without influencing cytotoxicity in vitro. Further investigation into the chemical behavior of nanocomposites in physiological environments is needed to determine the potential impact of corrosive byproducts. Surface treatments and formulation methods that would increase the viability of these materials in vivo are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Shelby Hash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Wendy Reynoso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Mostafa Elsaadany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Hamdy Ibrahim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
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Ruf P, Orassi V, Fischer H, Steffen C, Duda GN, Heiland M, Kreutzer K, Checa S, Rendenbach C. Towards mechanobiologically optimized mandible reconstruction: CAD/CAM miniplates vs. reconstruction plates for fibula free flap fixation: A finite element study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1005022. [PMID: 36466355 PMCID: PMC9712730 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1005022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their advantages in applicability, patient-specific (CAD/CAM) reconstruction plates are increasingly used in fibula free flap mandible reconstruction. In addition, recently, CAD/CAM miniplates, with further advantages in postoperative management, have been introduced. However, biomechanical conditions induced by CAD/CAM systems remain partially unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the primary fixation stability of CAD/CAM fixators. For a patient-specific scenario, the biomechanical conditions induced in a one segmental fibula free flap stabilized using either a CAD/CAM reconstruction plate or CAD/CAM miniplates were determined using finite element analysis. The main output parameters were the strains between intersegmental bone surfaces and stresses in the fixation systems due to different biting scenarios. CAD/CAM miniplates resulted in higher mechanical strains in the mesial interosseous gap, whereas CAD/CAM reconstruction plate fixation resulted in higher strains in the distal interosseous gap. For all investigated fixation systems, stresses in the fixation systems were below the material yield stress and thus material failure would not be expected. While the use of CAD/CAM miniplates resulted in strain values considered adequate to promote bone healing in the mesial interosseous gap, in the distal interosseous gap CAD/CAM reconstruction plate fixation might result in more beneficial tissue straining. A mechanical failure of the fixation systems would not be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ruf
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Orassi
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heilwig Fischer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudius Steffen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kilian Kreutzer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Rendenbach
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Raju GU, Meti VKV, Banapurmath NR, Yunus Khan TM, Siddhalingeshwar IG, Vaikunte V, Vadlamudi C, Krishnappa S, Sajjan AM, Patil A. Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Fiber Reinforcements on the Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Hybrid Mg-AZ91D Nanocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6181. [PMID: 36079562 PMCID: PMC9458067 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium matrix composites are extensively used in automotive and structural applications due to their low density, high strength, and wear-resistant properties. To reach the scope of industry needs, research is carried out regarding enhancing the mechanical and tribological behavior of the magnesium composites by reinforcing the nano-sized reinforcements. In the present work, research has been carried out to enhance the properties of the magnesium AZ91D hybrid composite by reinforcing carbon fibers (CFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with varying weight percentages (AZ91D + 0.5% CF's + 0.5% MWCNT and AZ91D + 0.75% CF's + 0.75% MWCNT, respectively). The experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical and tribological behavior of the composites. The test results showed that the addition of CF and MWCNT reinforcements improved the hybrid Mg composite's hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength compared to the base Mg matrix. The AZ91D + 0.75% CF's + 0.75% MWCNT hybrid composite showed a 19%, 35%, and 66% increased hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength, respectively, compared to the base Mg AZ91D. The wear test results also showed the improved wear resistance of the Mg composite compared to the base matrix. The enhanced wear resistance of the composite is due to the addition of hard MWCNT and CF reinforcements. The wear rate of the AZ91D + 0.75%CF's + 0.75% MWCNT composite for a load of 30 N at a sliding distance of 1500 m is lower as compared to the base matrix. The SEM micrographs of the worn surfaces revealed the existence of abrasive wear. The improved mechanical and tribological behavior of the magnesium composite is also due to the homogeneous distribution of the hard reinforcement particles along the grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. U. Raju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L.E. Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
| | - Vinod Kumar V. Meti
- Department of Automation and Robotics, K.L.E. Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
| | - N. R. Banapurmath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L.E. Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
- Centre of Excellence in Material Science, K.L.E. Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
| | - T. M. Yunus Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - I. G. Siddhalingeshwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L.E. Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
| | - Vishal Vaikunte
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L.E. Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
| | | | | | - A. M. Sajjan
- Centre of Excellence in Material Science, K.L.E. Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
| | - Adarsh Patil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L.E. Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
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Current Status and Outlook of Temporary Implants (Magnesium/Zinc) in Cardiovascular Applications. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12060999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medical application materials must meet multiple requirements, and the designed material must mimic the structure, shape. and support the formation of the replacing tissue. Magnesium (Mg) and Zinc alloys (Zn), as a “smart” biodegradable material and as “the green engineering material in the 21st century”, have become an outstanding implant material due to their natural degradability, smart biocompatibility, and desirable mechanical properties. Magnesium and Zinc are recognized as the next generation of cardiovascular stents and bioresorbable scaffolds. At the same time, improving the properties and corrosion resistance of these alloys is an urgent challenge. particularly to promote the application of magnesium alloys. A relatively fast deterioration rate of magnesium-based materials generally results in premature mechanical integrity compromise and local hydrogen build-up, resulting in restricted applicability. This review article aims to give a comprehensive comparison between Zn-based alloys and Mg-based alloys, focusing primarily on degradation and biocompatibility for cardiovascular applications. The recent clinical trials using these biodegradable metals have also been addressed.
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In Vitro Electrochemical Corrosion Assessment of Magnesium Nanocomposites Reinforced with Samarium(III) Oxide and Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research on biodegradable magnesium-based implants has been focusing on increasing their mechanical strength and controlling their corrosion rate. One promising approach to significantly improve the mechanical properties of magnesium is the addition of nanoparticles to the magnesium matrix. However, there is limited research on the corrosion behavior of these new magnesium nanocomposites. In this study, the electrochemical corrosion characteristics of this new class of biomaterials are investigated. Two magnesium nanocomposites reinforced with nanoparticles (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 Vol%) of samarium oxide (Sm2O3), and silicon dioxide (SiO2), were fabricated and tested. Corrosion behavior was assessed in comparison with high-purity magnesium samples as the control group. The addition of the nanoparticles to the magnesium matrix strengthened the materials, which was represented in an increase in the microhardness. However, the fabricated nanocomposite samples exhibited a slightly reduced corrosion resistance compared to the high-purity magnesium control due to the differences in the purity level and fabrication methods. Both nanocomposites showed the highest corrosion resistance, represented in the slowest corrosion rates, at the 1.0 Vol% content. Hence, the developed nanocomposites are still promising candidates as biodegradable materials for bone-fixation application owing to their superior mechanical properties and acceptable corrosion characteristics.
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Prasadh S, Gupta M, Wong R. In vitro cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of quaternary Mg-2Zn-1Ca/X-Mn alloys for craniofacial reconstruction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8259. [PMID: 35585104 PMCID: PMC9117210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity of any biomedical material needs to be investigated for successful application within the human tissues. In this study, manganese in low amounts of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 (wt.%) was added to Mg2Zn1Ca alloy using Disintegrated Melt Deposition (DMD) followed by hot extrusion and the extruded alloys were tested for in vitro cytocompatibility using cell viability assays (CCK-8, LDH enzyme release assay, cell cytoskeleton and cell morphology) and in vitro osteogenic potential was evaluated using ALP, Alizarin Red and RT-PCR assays. Addition of manganese improved the cell viability and osteogenic potential in variable concentrations. The Mg2Zn1Ca /0.3 Mn and Mg2Zn1Ca /0.5 Mn alloys showed increased cell viability percentage compared to Mg2Zn1Ca alloys. The cytotoxicity percentage at the end of 24 h culture for Mg2Zn1Ca /0.3 Mn alloys showed lesser cytotoxicity percentage (~ 8%) when compared to the Mg2Zn1Ca /0.5 Mn (~ 13%) and Mg2Zn1Ca /0.7 Mn (~ 16%) samples. All the alloys showed good initial cell attachment, osteogenic potential and cell spreading. The results of this study validates great potential of Mg2Zn1Ca alloys with manganese addition and exhibited great potential for to be used as temporary implant materials in craniofacial reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Prasadh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119083, Singapore
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Raymond Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119083, Singapore.
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Compositional Tailoring of Mg-2Zn-1Ca Alloy Using Manganese to Enhance Compression Response and In-Vitro Degradation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030810. [PMID: 35160756 PMCID: PMC8836902 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates Mg–2Zn–1Ca/XMn alloys as biodegradable implants for orthopedic fracture fixation applications. The effect of the presence and progressive addition of manganese (X = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt.%) on the degradation, and post-corrosion compressive response were investigated. Results suggest that the addition of manganese at 0.5 wt.% improved the corrosion resistance of Mg–2Zn–1Ca alloys. The pH values stabilized for the 0.5Mn-containing alloy and displayed a lower corrosion rate when compared to other Mg–2Zn–1Ca/Mn alloys. Mg–2Zn–1Ca showed a progressive reduction in the compressive strength properties at the end of day 21 whereas Mg–2Zn–1Ca/0.3Mn and Mg–2Zn–1Ca/0.5Mn samples showed a decrease until day 14 and stabilized around the same strength range after day 21. The ability of Mg–2Zn–1Ca/0.5Mn alloy to develop a network of protective hydroxide and phosphate layers has resulted in the corrosion control of the alloy. Mg–2Zn–1Ca/0.7Mn displays segregation of Mn particles at the grain boundaries resulting in decreased corrosion protection. The mechanism behind the corrosion protection of Mg–2Zn–1Ca alloys was discussed.
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Wang L, Liu S, Ren C, Xiang S, Li D, Hao X, Ni S, Chen Y, Zhang K, Sun H. Construction of hollow polydopamine nanoparticle based drug sustainable release system and its application in bone regeneration. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:27. [PMID: 34408132 PMCID: PMC8373924 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based drug sustainable release systems have been tentatively applied to bone regeneration. They, however, still face disadvantages of high toxicity, low biocompatibility, and low drug-load capacity. In view of the low toxicity and high biocompatibility of polymer nanomaterials and the excellent load capacity of hollow nanomaterials with high specific surface area, we evaluated the hollow polydopamine nanoparticles (HPDA NPs), in order to find an optimal system to effectively deliver the osteogenic drugs to improve treatment of bone defect. Data demonstrated that the HPDA NPs synthesized herein could efficiently load four types of osteogenic drugs and the drugs can effectively release from the HPDA NPs for a relatively longer time in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity and high biocompatibility. Results of qRT-PCR, ALP, and alizarin red S staining showed that drugs released from the HPDA NPs could promote osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. Image data from micro-CT and H&E staining showed that all four osteogenic drugs released from the HPDA NPs effectively promoted bone regeneration in the defect of tooth extraction fossa in vivo, especially tacrolimus. These results suggest that the HPDA NPs, the biodegradable hollow polymer nanoparticles with high drug load rate and sustainable release ability, have good prospect to treat the bone defect in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunxia Ren
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyuan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daowei Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinqing Hao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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In-Vitro Degradation of Hollow Silica Reinforced Magnesium Syntactic Foams in Different Simulated Body Fluids for Biomedical Applications. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the mechanical and biocorrosion behaviour of hollow silica nanosphere (SiO2) reinforced (0.5–2 vol.%) magnesium (Mg) syntactic foams. Room temperature tensile properties’ characterization suggests that the increased addition of hollow silica nanospheres resulted in a progressive increase in tensile yield strength (TYS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) with Mg-2 vol.% SiO2 exhibiting a maximum TYS of 167 MPa and a UTS of 217 MPa. The degradation behaviour of the developed Mg-SiO2 syntactic foams in four different simulated body fluids (SBFs): artificial blood plasma solution (ABPS), phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS), artificial saliva solution (ASS) and Hanks’ balanced saline solution (HBSS) was investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization studies. Results indicate that corrosion resistance of the Mg-SiO2 syntactic foam decreases with increasing chloride ion concentration of the SBF. Mg-1.0 vol.% SiO2 displayed the best corrosion response and its corrosion susceptibility pertaining to corrosion rate and polarisation curves in different SBF solutions can be ranked in the following order: ABPS > PBS > HBSS > ASS. The surface microstructure demonstrated the presence of a better passivated layer on the syntactic foams compared to pure Mg. The observed increase in corrosion resistance is correlated with intrinsic changes in microstructure due to the presence of hollow silica nanospheres. Further, the effect of corrosive environment on the degradation behaviour of Mg has been elucidated.
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