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Sugiura K, Kawasaki H, Egami T, Kaneko M, Ishida N, Tamura S, Tani S, Yamade M, Hamaya Y, Osawa S, Takeuchi H, Baba S, Sugimoto K, Iwaizumi M. Iron deposition in gastric black spots: Clinicopathological insights and NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy analysis. DEN OPEN 2025; 5:e398. [PMID: 38895560 PMCID: PMC11182783 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Black spots (BSs) are lentiginous findings observed in the gastric body and fundus during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and are predominantly seen in patients undergoing Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. However, the detailed patient background and exact composition are poorly understood. This study aims to clarify the clinicopathological features of BSs, examine patient demographics, and use the NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) method combined with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for elemental analysis. Methods Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 2017 and 2022 were included. Data on age, medications, blood tests, and H. pylori infection status were retrospectively gathered from medical records. Univariate analysis was conducted to examine BS presence, with results then used in a multivariate model to identify associated risk factors. Additionally, pathological specimens from patients with BSs were analyzed for elemental composition using the NanoSuit-CLEM method combined with scanning electronmicroscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results An analysis of 6778 cases identified risk factors for BSs, including older age and using proton pump inhibitors, statins, corticosteroids, and antithrombotic drugs. Endoscopically, BSs correlated with higher gastric atrophy and lower active H. pylori infection. Iron deposition at BS sites was specifically identified using NanoSuit-CLEM. Conclusions BSs on gastrointestinal endoscopy may indicate an absence of active H. pylori inflammation. The discovery of iron deposition within BSs using the NanoSuit-CLEM method has offered new insights into the possible causative factors and advances our understanding of the etiology of BSs, bringing us closer to unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Sugiura
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit ResearchPreeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research CenterHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Takatoshi Egami
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Masanao Kaneko
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Natsuki Ishida
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Satoshi Tamura
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Shinya Tani
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Mihoko Yamade
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Yasushi Hamaya
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Satoshi Osawa
- Department of Endoscopic and Photodynamic MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of SurgeryHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Moriya Iwaizumi
- Department of Laboratory MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
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Kawasaki H, Hariyama T, Kosugi I, Meguro S, Iwata F, Shimizu K, Magata Y, Iwashita T. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are resistant to human cytomegalovirus infection primarily at the attachment level due to the reduced expression of cell-surface heparan sulfate. J Virol 2024; 98:e0127823. [PMID: 38345384 PMCID: PMC10949504 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01278-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a type of herpes virus, is the predominant cause of congenital anomalies due to intrauterine infections in humans. Adverse outcomes related to intrauterine infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vary widely, depending on factors such as fetal infection timing, infection route, and viral virulence. The precise mechanism underlying HCMV susceptibility remains unclear. In this study, we compared the susceptibility of neonatal human dermal fibroblast cells (NHDFCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from NHDFCs, which are genetically identical to HCMV, using immunostaining, microarray, in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR, and scanning electron microscopy. These cells were previously used to compare CMV susceptibility, but the underlying mechanisms were not fully elucidated. HCMV susceptibility of hiPSCs was significantly lower in the earliest phase. No shared gene ontologies were observed immediately post-infection between the two cell types using microarray analysis. Early-stage expression of HCMV antigens and the HCMV genome was minimal in immunostaining and in in situ hybridization in hiPSCs. This strongly suggests that HCMV does not readily bind to hiPSC surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy performed using the NanoSuit method confirmed the scarcity of HCMV particles on hiPSC surfaces. The zeta potential and charge mapping of the charged surface in NHDFCs and hiPSCs exhibited minimal differences when assessed using zeta potential analyzer and scanning ion conductance microscopy; however, the expression of heparan sulfate (HS) was significantly lower in hiPSCs compared with that in NHDFCs. Thus, HS expression could be a primary determinant of HCMV resistance in hiPSCs at the attachment level. IMPORTANCE Numerous factors such as attachment, virus particle entry, transcription, and virus particle egress can affect viral susceptibility. Since 1984, pluripotent cells are known to be CMV resistant; however, the exact mechanism underlying this resistance remains elusive. Some researchers suggest inhibition in the initial phase of HCMV binding, while others have suggested the possibility of a sufficient amount of HCMV entering the cells to establish latency. This study demonstrates that HCMV particles rarely attach to the surfaces of hiPSCs. This is not due to limitations in the electrostatic interactions between the surface of hiPSCs and HCMV particles, but due to HS expression. Therefore, HS expression should be recognized as a key factor in determining the susceptibility of HCMV in congenital infection in vitro and in vivo. In the future, drugs targeting HS may become crucial for the treatment of congenital CMV infections. Thus, further research in this area is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Isao Kosugi
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiori Meguro
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Magata
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Iwashita
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Wang R, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Gooneratne R, Li J. Integrated microbiome, metabolome and transcriptome profiling reveals the beneficial effects of fish oil and Bacillus subtilis jzxj-7 on mouse gut ecosystem. Food Funct 2024; 15:1655-1670. [PMID: 38251410 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04213h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The effects of fish oil (FO) and Bacillus subtilis jzxj-7 (JZXJ-7) on the colonic physiology, bacteria, metabolites, and gene expressions were studied in C57BL/6J mice. Co-administration of FO and JZXJ-7 was more beneficial than individual supplementation, as evidenced by improved growth performance, enhanced colon crypt depth and goblet cell numbers. FO + JZXJ-7 inhibited colonic fibrosis by downregulating fibrosis marker protein expression and upregulating occludin, claudin-2 and claudin-4 gene expressions. FO + JZXJ-7 ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation by increasing catalase, superoxide dismutase, total anti-oxidation capacity, and reducing colon tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels. Mechanistically, FO + JZXJ-7 modulated the colon micro-ecological environment by enriching Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4, Faecalibaculum and Lactococcus and its derived short-chain fatty acids, and activating Ppara and Car1 mediated peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling. Overall, FO + JZXJ-7 may serve as a promising nutraceutical to improve health by boosting the growth of colonic beneficial bacteria, altering metabolic phenotype, and regulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China.
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China
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Ohta K, Ito M, Chida T, Nakashima K, Sakai S, Kanegae Y, Kawasaki H, Aoshima T, Takabayashi S, Takahashi H, Kawata K, Shoji I, Sawasaki T, Suda T, Suzuki T. Role of hepcidin upregulation and proteolytic cleavage of ferroportin 1 in hepatitis C virus-induced iron accumulation. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011591. [PMID: 37585449 PMCID: PMC10461841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pathogen characterized not only by its persistent infection leading to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but also by metabolic disorders such as lipid and iron dysregulation. Elevated iron load is commonly observed in the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis C, and hepatic iron overload is a highly profibrogenic and carcinogenic factor that increases the risk of HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms of elevated iron accumulation in HCV-infected livers remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we observed iron accumulation in cells and liver tissues under HCV infection and in mice expressing viral proteins from recombinant adenoviruses. We established two molecular mechanisms that contribute to increased iron load in cells caused by HCV infection. One is the transcriptional induction of hepcidin, the key hormone for modulating iron homeostasis. The transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein hepatocyte specific (CREBH), which was activated by HCV infection, not only directly recognizes the hepcidin promoter but also induces bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) expression, resulting in an activated BMP-SMAD pathway that enhances hepcidin promoter activity. The other is post-translational regulation of the iron-exporting membrane protein ferroportin 1 (FPN1), which is cleaved between residues Cys284 and Ala285 in the intracytoplasmic loop region of the central portion mediated by HCV NS3-4A serine protease. We propose that host transcriptional activation triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress and FPN1 cleavage by viral protease work in concert to impair iron efflux, leading to iron accumulation in HCV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Ohta
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Chida
- Department of Regional Medical Care Support, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumi Kanegae
- Core Research Facilities, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Aoshima
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takahashi
- Division of Cell-Free Science, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Division of Cell-Free Science, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Yamada S, Itoh T, Ikegami T, Imai A, Mochizuki D, Nakanishi H, Ishikawa R, Kita J, Nakamura Y, Takizawa Y, Okamura J, Noda Y, Iwashita T, Hariyama T, Suzuki M, Misawa K, Kawasaki H. Association between human papillomavirus particle production and the severity of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5514. [PMID: 37024540 PMCID: PMC10079853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) has a wide range of severity. We investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) particle production and severity of RRP. From September 2005 to June 2021, 68 RRP samples (from 29 patients) were included. HPV type was determined. HPV viral load, physical status, and demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for p16, Ki-67, L1, and E4. We used NanoSuit-CLEM (correlative light and electron microscopy) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine the samples. The total number of surgeries in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases were 3.78 (n = 55/68, range: 1-16) and 1.30 (n = 13/68, range: 1-3), respectively (p = 0.02). IHC showed that L1 and E4 were correlated and expressed on the tumour surface. NanoSuit-CLEM and TEM revealed HPV particles in L1-positive nuclei. L1 IHC-positive cases had a shorter surgical interval (p < 0.01) and more frequent surgeries (p = 0.04). P16 IHC, viral load, and physical status were not associated with disease severity. This study visualised HPV particle production in RRP for the first time. Persistent HPV particle infection was associated with severity. We suggest L1 IHC for evaluating RRP severity in addition to the Derkay score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center Institute for NanoSuit Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Toshiya Itoh
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center Institute for NanoSuit Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taro Ikegami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Daiki Mochizuki
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ishikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Junya Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takizawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Jun Okamura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshihide Iwashita
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center Institute for NanoSuit Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mikio Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center Institute for NanoSuit Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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Nanoscale Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis from AFM Image Processing of Histological Sections. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041220. [PMID: 36831563 PMCID: PMC9953928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Early ascertainment of metastatic tumour phases is crucial to improve cancer survival, formulate an accurate prognostic report of disease advancement, and, most importantly, quantify the metastatic progression and malignancy state of primary cancer cells with a universal numerical indexing system. This work proposes an early improvement to metastatic cancer detection with 97.7 nm spatial resolution by indexing the metastatic cancer phases from the analysis of atomic force microscopy images of human colorectal cancer histological sections. The procedure applies variograms of residuals of Gaussian filtering and theta statistics of colorectal cancer tissue image settings. This methodology elucidates the early metastatic progression at the nanoscale level by setting metastatic indexes and critical thresholds based on relatively large histological sections and categorising the malignancy state of a few suspicious cells not identified with optical image analysis. In addition, we sought to detect early tiny morphological differentiations indicating potential cell transition from epithelial cell phenotypes of low metastatic potential to those of high metastatic potential. This metastatic differentiation, which is also identified in higher moments of variograms, sets different hierarchical levels for metastatic progression dynamics.
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Identifying Active Progeny Virus Particles in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Sections Using Correlative Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100020. [PMID: 36748195 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks is routinely used to identify virus-infected cells. However, detecting virus particles in FFPE sections using light microscopy is difficult because of the light diffraction resolution limitations of an optical microscope. In this study, light microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were performed to observe 3-dimensional virus particles in FFPE sections in a nondestructive manner using NanoSuit or osmium conductive treatment methods. The virus particles in FFPE sections were immunostained with specific antibodies against the surface antigens of the viral particles and stained with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. A metal solution (0.2% gold chloride or 2% osmium tetroxide) was applied to enhance the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-stained area. This procedure is nondestructive for FFPE sections and is a simpler method than transmission electron microscopy. To validate the applicability of this technique, we performed 3-dimensional imaging of the virus particles of different sizes, such as human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus. Furthermore, ultrathin sections from the FFPE sections that were observed to harbor viral particles using field emission scanning electron microscopy were prepared and assessed using transmission electron microscopy. In the correlative areas, transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of large numbers of virus particles. These results indicated that the combination of marking viral particles with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine/metal staining and conductive treatment can identify active progeny virus particles in FFPE sections using scanning electron microscopy. This easy correlative imaging of field emission scanning electron microscopy of the identical area of FFPE in light microscopy may help elucidate new pathological mechanisms of virus-related diseases.
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Primary Cilia Are Frequently Present in Small Cell Lung Carcinomas but Not in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinomas or Lung Carcinoids. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100007. [PMID: 37039149 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most human malignant neoplasms show loss of primary cilia (PC). However, PC are known to be retained and involved in tumorigenesis in some types of neoplasms. The PC status in lung carcinomas remains largely uninvestigated. In this study, we comprehensively assessed the PC status in lung carcinomas. A total of 492 lung carcinomas, consisting of adenocarcinomas (ACs) (n = 319), squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (n = 152), and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) (n = 21), were examined by immunohistochemical analysis using an antibody against ARL13B, a marker of PC. The PC-positive rate was markedly higher in SCLCs (81.0%) than in ACs (1.6%) and SCCs (7.9%). We subsequently performed analyses to characterize the PC-positive lung carcinomas further. PC-positive lung carcinomas were more numerous and had longer PC than normal cells. The presence of PC in these cells was not associated with the phase of the cell cycle. We also found that the PC were retained even in metastases from PC-positive lung carcinomas. Furthermore, the hedgehog signaling pathway was activated in PC-positive lung carcinomas. Because ARL13B immunohistochemistry of lung carcinoids (n = 10) also showed a statistically significantly lower rate (10.0%) of PC positivity than SCLCs, we searched for a gene(s) that might be upregulated in PC-positive SCLCs compared with lung carcinoids, but not in PC-negative carcinomas. This search, and further cell culture experiments, identified HYLS1 as a gene possessing the ability to regulate ciliogenesis in PC-positive lung carcinomas. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PC are frequently present in SCLCs but not in non-SCLCs (ACs and SCCs) or lung carcinoids, and their PC exhibit various specific pathobiological characteristics. This suggests an important link between lung carcinogenesis and PC.
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Sawada A, Kawanishi K, Igarashi Y, Taneda S, Hattori M, Ishida H, Tanabe K, Koike J, Honda K, Nagashima Y, Nitta K. Overexpression of Plasmalemmal Vesicle-Associated Protein-1 Reflects Glomerular Endothelial Injury in Cases of Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 8:151-163. [PMID: 36644361 PMCID: PMC9831946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits (PGNMID) occasionally presents refractory nephrotic syndrome resulting in poor renal prognosis, but its etiology is not fully elucidated. Given that glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) stress or damage may lead to podocytopathy and subsequent proteinuria, as in thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), diabetic kidney disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, we investigated the evidence of glomerular endothelial injury by evaluating the expression of plasmalemmal vesicle-associated protein-1 (PV-1), a component of caveolae in the cases of PGNMID. Methods We measured the immunofluorescent PV-1 intensities of 23 PGNMID cases and compared with those of primary membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) (n = 5) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (n = 54) cases. PV-1 localization was evaluated with Caveolin-1, and CD31 staining, and the ultrastructural analysis was performed using a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope (LVSEM). To check the association of podocyte injury, we also conducted 8-oxoguanine and Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) double stain. We then evaluated PV-1 expression in other glomerulitis and glomerulopathy such as lupus nephritis and minimal change disease. Results The intensity of glomerular PV-1 expression in PGNMID is significantly higher than that in the other glomerular diseases, although the intensity is not associated with clinical outcomes such as urinary protein levels or renal prognosis. Immunostaining and LVSEM analysis revealed that glomerular PV-1 expression is localized in GECs in PGNMID. 8-oxoguanine accumulation was detected in WT1-positive podocytes but not in PV-1-expressing GECs, suggesting GEC-derived podocyte injury in PGNMID. Conclusion PV-1 overexpression reflects glomerular endothelial injury, which could be associated with podocyte oxidative stress in PGNMID cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anri Sawada
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan,Correspondence: Kunio Kawanishi or Anri Sawada, Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan.
| | - Yuto Igarashi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sekiko Taneda
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Hattori
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Organ Transplant Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junki Koike
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Lee HN, Kim S, Park S, Jung W, Kang JS. Quantification and visualization of metastatic lung tumors in mice. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:503-510. [PMID: 36277365 PMCID: PMC9532496 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathological examination is important for the diagnosis of various diseases. Conventional histopathology provides a two-dimensional view of the tissues, and requires the tissue to be extracted, fixed, and processed using histotechnology techniques. However, there is an increasing need for three-dimensional (3D) images of structures in biomedical research. The objective of this study was to develop reliable, objective tools for visualizing and quantifying metastatic tumors in mouse lung using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Melanoma cells were intravenously injected into the tail vein of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice. The mice were euthanized at 2 or 4 weeks after injection. Lungs were fixed and examined by micro-CT, OCT, FE-SEM, and histopathological observation. Micro-CT clearly distinguished between tumor and normal cells in surface and deep lesions, thereby allowing 3D quantification of the tumor volume. OCT showed a clear difference between the tumor and surrounding normal tissues. FE-SEM clearly showed round tumor cells, mainly located in the alveolar wall and growing inside the alveoli. Therefore, whole-tumor 3D imaging successfully visualized the metastatic tumor and quantified its volume. This promising approach will allow for fast and label-free 3D phenotyping of diverse tissue structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Neul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, 31020 South Korea
| | - Seyl Kim
- Ferramed Inc., National Nanofab Center, KAIST, 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Sooah Park
- In Vivo Research Center, UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea
| | - Woonggyu Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, 31020 South Korea
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11
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Yin W, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Yang HH, Xu Y, Liu SY, Zhou J, Dai Z, Zou X. NanoSuit-Assisted Liquid-Cell Scanning Electron Microscopy Enables Dynamic Gold Nanoparticle Monitoring for the Aggregation and Transmembrane Processes in Living Cells. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5788-5794. [PMID: 35834670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic observation of the behaviors of nanomaterials in the cellular environment is of great significance in mechanistic investigations on nanomaterial-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Realizing label-free observations with nanometer resolution is necessary but still has major challenges. Herein, we propose a NanoSuit-assisted liquid-cell scanning electron microscopy (NanoSuit-LCSEM) method that enables imaging of the behaviors of nanoparticles in living cells. Taking A549 cells and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a cell-nanoparticle interaction model, the NanoSuit-LCSEM method showed a significantly improved resolution to 10 nm, which is high enough to distinguish single and two adjacent 30 nm AuNPs in cells. The continuous observation time for living cells is extended to 30 min, and the trajectories and velocities for the transmembrane movement of AuNP aggregates are obtained. This study provides a new approach for dynamic observation of nanomaterials in intact living cells and will greatly benefit the interdisciplinary research of nanomaterials, nanomedicine, and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yin
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuling Liang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuzhi Xu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Si-Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zong Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Arai Y, Takeuchi K, Hatanaka S, Ishikawa A, Inoue T, Takakuma S, Kajimoto Y, Toda E, Kunugi S, Terasaki M, Shimizu A. Heavy Metal Enhancement Technique for Diaminobenzidine in Immunohistochemistry Enables Ultrastructural Observation by Low-vacuum Scanning Electron Microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:427-436. [PMID: 35611640 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM) is a powerful tool that allows to observe light microscopic specimens with periodic acid-silver methenamine (PAM) staining at a higher magnification, simply by removing the coverslip. However, it is not suitable for observation of immunohistochemistry (IHC) using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) due to insufficient backscattered electron image. Traditional heavy metal enhancement techniques for DAB in IHC, (1) osmium tetroxide and iron, (2) cobalt, (3) methenamine silver (Ag), (4) gold chloride (Gold), and (5) both Ag and Gold (Ag + Gold), were examined by LV-SEM. Tissue specimens from Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis rat kidney stained with α-smooth muscle actin and visualized with DAB were enhanced by each of these enhancement methods. We found, in light microscopic and LV-SEM, that the enhancement with Ag, Gold, or Ag + Gold had better intensity and contrast than others. At a higher magnification, Ag + Gold enhancement showed high intensity and low background, although only Ag or Gold enhancement had nonspecific background. Even after observation by LV-SEM, the quality of specimens was maintained after remounting the coverslip. It was also confirmed that Ag + Gold enhancement could be useful for IHC using clinical human renal biopsy. These findings indicate that Ag + Gold provided an adequate enhancement in IHC for both LM and LV SEM observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Arai
- Third Grade Student, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takeuchi
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeko Hatanaka
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arimi Ishikawa
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Inoue
- Fourth Grade Student, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Takakuma
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kajimoto
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Toda
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kunugi
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Kim KW. Biological applications of the NanoSuit for electron imaging and X-microanalysis of insulating specimens. Appl Microsc 2022; 52:4. [PMID: 35543835 PMCID: PMC9095807 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-022-00073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) is an essential tool for observing surface details of specimens in a high vacuum. A series of specimen procedures precludes the observations of living organisms, resulting in artifacts. To overcome these problems, Takahiko Hariyama and his colleagues proposed the concept of the "nanosuit" later referred to as "NanoSuit", describing a thin polymer layer placed on organisms to protect them in a high vacuum in 2013. The NanoSuit is formed rapidly by (i) electron beam irradiation, (ii) plasma irradiation, (iii) Tween 20 solution immersion, and (iv) surface shield enhancer (SSE) solution immersion. Without chemical fixation and metal coating, the NanoSuit-formed specimens allowed structural preservation and accurate element detection of insulating, wet specimens at high spatial resolution. NanoSuit-formed larvae were able to resume normal growth following FESEM observation. The method has been employed to observe unfixed and uncoated bacteria, multicellular organisms, and paraffin sections. These results suggest that the NanoSuit can be applied to prolong life in vacuo and overcome the limit of dead imaging of electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Woo Kim
- Department of Ecology and Environmental System, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kawasaki H, Suzuki H, Furuhashi K, Yamashita K, Ishikawa J, Nagura O, Maekawa M, Miwa T, Tandou T, Hariyama T. Highly Sensitive and Quantitative Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Using a Gold/Platinum Particle-Based Lateral Flow Assay and a Desktop Scanning Electron Microscope. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020447. [PMID: 35203656 PMCID: PMC8962435 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold standard test for identifying SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Despite their limited sensitivity, SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid diagnostic tests are vital tools in the fight against viral spread. Owing to its simplicity and low cost, the lateral flow assay (LFA) is the most extensively used point-of-care diagnostic test. Here, we report a newly designed LFA-NanoSuit method (LNSM) that works in conjunction with desktop scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to detect SARS-CoV-2. LNSM requires no standard SEM treatment, avoids cellulose and residual buffer deformation, and enables the capture of high-resolution images of antibody-labeled gold/platinum particles reacting with SARS-CoV-2 antigens. To assess its applicability, we compared clinical SARS-CoV-2 samples via visual detection of LFA, LSNM detection of LFA, and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Compared to qRT-PCR, LNSM showed 86.7% sensitivity (26/30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 69.28–96.24%) and 93.3% specificity (14/15; 95% CI: 68.05–99.83%) for SARS-CoV-2. In samples with a relatively low SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number (30 < Ct ≤ 40), the sensitivity of LNSM was greater (73.3%) than that of visual detection (0%). A simple, sensitive, and quantitative LNSM can be used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (H.S.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-53-435-2504
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (H.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Kazuki Furuhashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (K.F.); (K.Y.); (J.I.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Keita Yamashita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (K.F.); (K.Y.); (J.I.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Jinko Ishikawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (K.F.); (K.Y.); (J.I.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Osanori Nagura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (K.F.); (K.Y.); (J.I.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Masato Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (K.F.); (K.Y.); (J.I.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Takafumi Miwa
- Research & Development Group, Hitachi Ltd., 1-280, Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan;
| | - Takumi Tandou
- Social Solution Department, Hitachi Social Information Services Ltd., Omori Bellport D 17F, 6-26-3, Minamioi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0013, Japan;
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (H.S.); (T.H.)
- NanoSuit Inc., 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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15
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Hariyama T, Takaku Y, Kawasaki H, Shimomura M, Senoh C, Yamahama Y, Hozumi A, Ito S, Matsuda N, Yamada S, Itoh T, Haseyama M, Ogawa T, Mori N, So S, Mitsuno H, Ohara M, Nomura S, Hirasaka M. Microscopy and biomimetics: the NanoSuit® method and image retrieval platform. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 71:1-12. [PMID: 34950955 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to clarify a suitable method towards achieving next-generation sustainability. As represented by the term 'Anthropocene', the Earth, including humans, is entering a critical era; therefore, science has a great responsibility to solve it. Biomimetics, the emulation of the models, systems and elements of nature, especially biological science, is a powerful tool to approach sustainability problems. Microscopy has made great progress with the technology of observing biological and artificial materials and its techniques have been continuously improved, most recently through the NanoSuit® method. As one of the most important tools across many facets of research and development, microscopy has produced a large amount of accumulated digital data. However, it is difficult to extract useful data for making things as biomimetic ideas despite a large amount of biological data. Here, we would like to find a way to organically connect the indispensable microscopic data with the new biomimetics to solve complex human problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.,NanoSuit Inc., Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Takaku
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.,NanoSuit Inc., Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shimomura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, 758-65 Bibi, Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Chiyo Senoh
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.,NanoSuit Inc., Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamahama
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozumi
- Innovative Functional Materials Research Institute, AIST Chubu 2266-98, Anagohara, Shimo-shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Promotion Center for Medical Collaboration and Intellectual Propert, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsuda
- NanoSuit Inc., Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Toshiya Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Miki Haseyama
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14 W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14 W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuhei So
- Department of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Mitsuno
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | | | - Shuhei Nomura
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
| | - Masao Hirasaka
- NPO Biomimetics Network Japan, 2-2-406 Higashi-Goken-cho, Tokyo 162-0813, Japan
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16
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Hirayama M, Onouchi T, Shiogama K, Katoh Y, Takahashi K, Abe M. Visualization of Three-Dimentional Stigmoid Body in FFPE and Ultrathin Sections of Mouse. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 71:87-92. [PMID: 34850903 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is abundantly expressed in the neurons of the central nervous system and forms unique intracytoplasmic inclusions of unknown function called "stigmoid bodies" (STBs). Transmission electron microscopy has revealed that the STBs are aggregates of granules containing cavities with a diameter of 0.5-3 µm. Small STBs fuse to form larger STBs, the size of which is said to vary depending on the developmental growth stage and brain region. Light microscopy can only reveal that these STBs have similar circular shapes, due to its limited resolution. Therefore, light microscopy is only fit for the study of the STB distribution and quantitative changes. We, herein, suggest the adoption of correlative light and electron microscopy, that combines confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as the method allowing us to identify the HAP1-positive STBs in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. This approach allows us to study the three-dimensional morphology of immunolabeled objects in histopathological specimens. The STBs in FFPE sections of murine hypothalami reflected the transmission electron microscopic images of Epon-embedded STBs, although we were not able to observe any organelle covering the STBs of the FFPE sections. Furthermore, we were able to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of the STB and we identified it to be of spherical form, covered with mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and bearing a cluster of cavities in the center. In the future, we might gain new insights by comparing the 3D structure of the STB between different neurons and under a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Hirayama
- Department of Morphology and Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takanori Onouchi
- Center for Joint Research Facilities Support, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Morphology and Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Katoh
- Surgical Training Center, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Abe
- Department of Morphology and Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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17
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Shimizu Y, Takeda-Kawaguchi T, Kuroda I, Hotta Y, Kawasaki H, Hariyama T, Shibata T, Akao Y, Kunisada T, Tatsumi J, Tezuka KI. Exosomes from dental pulp cells attenuate bone loss in mouse experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:162-172. [PMID: 34826339 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from many cell types. Their biological effects largely depend on their cellular origin and the physiological state of the originating cells. Exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells exert therapeutic effects against multiple diseases and may serve as potential alternatives to stem cell therapies. We previously established and characterized human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype homo (HHH) dental pulp cell (DPC) lines from human wisdom teeth. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of local administration of HHH-DPC exosomes in a mouse model of periodontitis. METHODS Exosomes purified from HHH-DPCs were subjected to particle size analysis, and expression of exosome markers was confirmed by western blotting. We also confirmed the effect of exosomes on the migration of both HHH-DPCs and mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. A mouse experimental periodontitis model was used to evaluate the effect of exosomes in vivo. The morphology of alveolar bone was assessed by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histological analysis. The effect of exosomes on osteoclastogenesis was evaluated using a co-culture system. RESULTS The exosomes purified from HHH-DPCs were homogeneous and had a spherical membrane structure. HHH-DPC exosomes promoted the migration of both human DPCs and mouse osteoblastic cells. The MTT assay showed a positive effect on the proliferation of human DPCs, but not on mouse osteoblastic cells. Treatment with HHH-DPC exosomes did not alter the differentiation of osteoblastic cells. Imaging with µCT revealed that the exosomes suppressed alveolar bone resorption in the mouse model of periodontitis. Although no change was apparent in the dominance of TRAP-positive osteoclast-like cells in decalcified tissue sections upon exosome treatment, HHH-DPC exosomes significantly suppressed osteoclast formation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS HHH-DPC exosomes stimulated the migration of human DPCs and mouse osteoblastic cells and effectively attenuated bone loss due to periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shimizu
- Division of Oral Infections and Health Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takeda-Kawaguchi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Izumi Kuroda
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hotta
- Central Research Institute of Oral Science, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kunisada
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junichi Tatsumi
- Division of Oral Infections and Health Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Tezuka
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu, Japan
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18
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Ooishi M, Yamada S, Itoh T, Meguro S, Yagi H, Kosugi I, Iwashita T, Shinmura K, Misawa K, Hariyama T, Kawasaki H. Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071193. [PMID: 34209027 PMCID: PMC8304092 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion-exchange resins are commonly used to treat complications such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Gastrointestinal complications may occur as side effects of such treatments. Sodium and calcium polystyrene sulfonate (PS-Ca) are cation-exchange resins comprising an insoluble structure that binds to potassium ions in the digestive tract and exchanges them with sodium and calcium ions, respectively, to promote their elimination. PS crystals are rhomboid, refractive, and basophilic in hematoxylin and eosin staining. To differentiate PS crystals from other ion-exchange resin crystals such as sevelamer and cholestyramine, periodic acid-Schiff, Ziehl-Neelsen, and Congo red staining are usually performed. Here, correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the NanoSuit method (CENM) was applied to perform a definitive identification of ion-exchange resins. CENM could detect sulfur in PS crystals without destroying the glass slides. Notably, PS retained its ion-exchange ability to bind potassium in paraffin sections. Differential diagnosis of anion-exchange resins, such as sevelamer and cholestyramine, was possible using these characteristics. The phosphorus:carbon ratio was higher in sevelamer than in cholestyramine after soaking paraffin sections in a phosphate solution. Therefore, CENM may be used for the differential pathological diagnosis of ion-exchange resins in paraffin sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Ooishi
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (M.O.); (T.H.)
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.M.)
| | - Toshiya Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Shiori Meguro
- Department of Regenerative & Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (S.M.); (H.Y.); (I.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Haruna Yagi
- Department of Regenerative & Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (S.M.); (H.Y.); (I.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Isao Kosugi
- Department of Regenerative & Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (S.M.); (H.Y.); (I.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Toshihide Iwashita
- Department of Regenerative & Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (S.M.); (H.Y.); (I.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.M.)
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (M.O.); (T.H.)
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (M.O.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-53-435-2504
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Shinmura K, Kusafuka K, Kawasaki H, Kato H, Hariyama T, Tsuchiya K, Kawanishi Y, Funai K, Misawa K, Mineta H, Sugimura H. Identification and characterization of primary cilia-positive salivary gland tumours exhibiting basaloid/myoepithelial differentiation. J Pathol 2021; 254:519-530. [PMID: 33931860 DOI: 10.1002/path.5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are non-motile, antenna-like structures on the cell surface. Many types of neoplasms exhibit PC loss, whereas in some neoplasms PC are retained and involved in tumourigenesis. To elucidate the PC status and characteristics of major salivary gland tumours (SGTs), we examined 100 major SGTs encompassing eight histopathological types by immunohistochemical analysis. PC were present in all (100%) of the pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), basal cell adenomas (BCAs), adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs), and basal cell adenocarcinomas (BCAcs) examined, but absent in all (0%) of the Warthin tumours, salivary duct carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas examined. PC were also detected by electron-microscopic analysis using the NanoSuit method. It is worthy of note that the former category and latter category of tumours contained and did not contain a basaloid/myoepithelial differentiation component, respectively. The four types of PC-positive SGTs showed longer PC than normal and exhibited a characteristic distribution pattern of the PC in the ductal and basaloid/neoplastic myoepithelial components. Two PC-positive carcinomas (AdCC and BCAc) still possessed PC in their recurrent/metastatic sites. Interestingly, activation of the Hedgehog signalling pathway, shown by predominantly nuclear GLI1 expression, was significantly more frequently observed in PC-positive SGTs. Finally, we identified tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) as being possibly involved in the production of PC in SGTs. Taken together, our findings indicate that SGTs that exhibit basaloid/myoepithelial differentiation (PA, BCA, AdCC, and BCAc) are ciliated, and their PC exhibit tumour-specific characteristics, are involved in activation of the Hedgehog pathway, and are associated with TTBK2 upregulation, providing a significant and important link between SGT tumourigenesis and PC. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hisami Kato
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsuchiya
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kawanishi
- Advanced Research Facilities and Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- Department of Surgery 1, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mineta
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Kawasaki H, Suzuki H, Maekawa M, Hariyama T. Combination of the NanoSuit method and gold/platinum particle-based lateral flow assay for quantitative and highly sensitive diagnosis using a desktop scanning electron microscope. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 196:113924. [PMID: 33581588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its simplicity and low cost, the lateral flow assay (LFA) is one of the most commonly used point-of-care diagnostic techniques, despite its low sensitivity and poor quantification. Here, we report a newly developed LFA-NanoSuit method (LNSM) combined with a desktop scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the direct observation of immunocomplexes labeled with a colloidal metal instead of signal enhancement strategies, such as using color, electrochemical signals, silver enhancement, magnetic properties, luminescent, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The proposed LNSM suppresses cellulose deformity, thereby allowing the acquisition of high-resolution images of gold/platinum-labeled immunocomplexed pathogens such as influenza A, without conductive treatment as in conventional SEM. Electron microscopy-based diagnosis of influenza A exhibited 94 % clinical sensitivity (29/31; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 79.3-98.2 %) and 100 % clinical specificity (95 % CI: 98.1-100 %), which was more sensitive (71.4 %) than visual detection (14.3 %), especially in the lower influenza A-RNA copy number group. The detection ability of our method was nearly comparable to that of real-time reverse transcription-PCR. This is the first report on the diagnosis of clinical diseases using LFA equipped with a desktop SEM. This simple and highly sensitive quantitative analysis method involving LFA can be used to diagnose various diseases in humans and livestock, including highly infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masato Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
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Hariyama T, Takaku Y, Senoh C, Yamada S, Itoh T, Suzuki C, Takehara S, Hirakawa S, Kawasaki H. Living Organisms under an Electron Microscope: the NanoSuit® Method aiming for Medical and Industrial Applications. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shinmura K, Kawasaki H, Baba S, Ohta I, Kato H, Yasuda H, Yamada S, Misawa K, Sugimoto K, Osawa S, Sato M, Hariyama T, Sugimura H. Utility of Scanning Electron Microscopy Elemental Analysis Using the 'NanoSuit' Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy Method in the Diagnosis of Lanthanum Phosphate Deposition in the Esophagogastroduodenal Mucosa. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 10:diagnostics10010001. [PMID: 31861386 PMCID: PMC7167806 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently developed the correlative light and electron microscopy of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained glass slides using the 'NanoSuit' method. The aim of this study is to explore the utility of the new NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy method combined with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis for the diagnosis of lanthanum phosphate deposition in the H&E-stained glass slides. METHODS Nine H&E-stained glass slides of the upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa containing the brown pigmented areas by light microscopic observation, which were suspected as lanthanum phosphate deposition, were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using the NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy method. RESULTS In all nine slides, the new NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy method combined with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the accumulation of both lanthanum and phosphorus in the tissue area corresponding to the brown pigment deposition. In addition to the existence of lanthanum phosphate in the stomach and duodenum, known target organs, we observed deposition in the esophagus for the first time. Furthermore, we observed lanthanum phosphate deposition in the background mucosa of stomach containing primary adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis using the NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy method is useful for the diagnosis of lanthanum phosphate deposition in the H&E-stained glass slides. Lanthanum phosphate deposition occurs not only in the stomach and duodenum but also in the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (H.K.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (H.K.); Tel.: +81-53-435-2220 (K.S.); +81-53-435-2504 (H.K.)
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (H.K.); Tel.: +81-53-435-2220 (K.S.); +81-53-435-2504 (H.K.)
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Isao Ohta
- Advanced Research Facilities and Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Hisami Kato
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hideo Yasuda
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (H.Y.); (K.S.)
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.M.)
| | - Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.M.)
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (H.Y.); (K.S.)
| | - Satoshi Osawa
- Department of Endoscopic and Photodynamic Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Masanori Sato
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (H.K.); (H.S.)
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