1
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Iwata F, Fukui S, Okada M. Herpes Esophagitis Occurring after Immunosuppression with Glucocorticoids. Intern Med 2024; 63:1033-1034. [PMID: 37558476 PMCID: PMC11045390 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2259-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Iwata
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, St. Luke's International University, Japan
| | - Sho Fukui
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, St. Luke's International University, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
- Department of Emergency and General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, St. Luke's International University, Japan
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2
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Kawasaki H, Hariyama T, Kosugi I, Meguro S, Iwata F, Shimizu K, Magata Y, Iwashita T. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are resistant to human cytomegalovirus infection primarily at the attachment level due to the reduced expression of cell-surface heparan sulfate. J Virol 2024; 98:e0127823. [PMID: 38345384 PMCID: PMC10949504 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01278-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a type of herpes virus, is the predominant cause of congenital anomalies due to intrauterine infections in humans. Adverse outcomes related to intrauterine infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vary widely, depending on factors such as fetal infection timing, infection route, and viral virulence. The precise mechanism underlying HCMV susceptibility remains unclear. In this study, we compared the susceptibility of neonatal human dermal fibroblast cells (NHDFCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from NHDFCs, which are genetically identical to HCMV, using immunostaining, microarray, in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR, and scanning electron microscopy. These cells were previously used to compare CMV susceptibility, but the underlying mechanisms were not fully elucidated. HCMV susceptibility of hiPSCs was significantly lower in the earliest phase. No shared gene ontologies were observed immediately post-infection between the two cell types using microarray analysis. Early-stage expression of HCMV antigens and the HCMV genome was minimal in immunostaining and in in situ hybridization in hiPSCs. This strongly suggests that HCMV does not readily bind to hiPSC surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy performed using the NanoSuit method confirmed the scarcity of HCMV particles on hiPSC surfaces. The zeta potential and charge mapping of the charged surface in NHDFCs and hiPSCs exhibited minimal differences when assessed using zeta potential analyzer and scanning ion conductance microscopy; however, the expression of heparan sulfate (HS) was significantly lower in hiPSCs compared with that in NHDFCs. Thus, HS expression could be a primary determinant of HCMV resistance in hiPSCs at the attachment level. IMPORTANCE Numerous factors such as attachment, virus particle entry, transcription, and virus particle egress can affect viral susceptibility. Since 1984, pluripotent cells are known to be CMV resistant; however, the exact mechanism underlying this resistance remains elusive. Some researchers suggest inhibition in the initial phase of HCMV binding, while others have suggested the possibility of a sufficient amount of HCMV entering the cells to establish latency. This study demonstrates that HCMV particles rarely attach to the surfaces of hiPSCs. This is not due to limitations in the electrostatic interactions between the surface of hiPSCs and HCMV particles, but due to HS expression. Therefore, HS expression should be recognized as a key factor in determining the susceptibility of HCMV in congenital infection in vitro and in vivo. In the future, drugs targeting HS may become crucial for the treatment of congenital CMV infections. Thus, further research in this area is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Isao Kosugi
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiori Meguro
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Magata
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Iwashita
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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3
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Nakazawa K, Tsukamoto T, Iwata F. Scanning ion conductance microscope with a capacitance-compensated current source amplifier. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:073705. [PMID: 37466407 DOI: 10.1063/5.0150948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A high-speed imaging method for a scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) based on a current source amplifier that compensates for unavoidable capacitance is proposed. The capacitance is generated on a side wall of a nanopipette in the principle of the SICM. The electrical response time is deteriorated due to the capacitance, and the probe overshoots the setpoint of the detection of the sample surface. A capacitance compensation circuit was installed in a feedback circuit of the current source amplifier. The proposed capacitance compensation method is useful because it can shorten the imaging time by only installing the compensation circuit in the ion current detection circuit of an existing SICM. The maximum approaching speeds with and without capacitance compensation were found to be 1050 and 450 µm/s, respectively. The approaching speed with capacitance compensation was 2.3 times faster than that without capacitance compensation. A topographic image of the test sample was successfully obtained at an approaching speed of 1050 µm/s. The images of microvillus dynamics of COS-7 cells were obtained at ∼23.4 s/frame as an application of the developed technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Teruki Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Photonics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
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4
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Fukui S, Rokutanda R, Kawaai S, Suda M, Iwata F, Okada M, Kishimoto M. Current evidence and practical knowledge for ultrasound-guided procedures in rheumatology: Joint aspiration, injection, and other applications. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2023; 37:101832. [PMID: 37248141 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2023.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US)-guided procedures have increasingly gained their role in the daily practice of rheumatology, owing to the growing evidence supporting their utility. The utilization of US guidance in procedures may enhance their accuracy, efficacy, and safety. This article presents a comprehensive review of the current evidence and practical knowledge pertaining to US-guided procedures in rheumatology, encompassing joint aspirations, injections, and other applications such as tendon sheath injections. We provide a detailed description of the US-guided procedure process and compare the in-plane and out-of-plane view methods, along with practical techniques based on existing evidence or our own expertise. For each joint, we summarize how to perform procedures with figures to facilitate a better understanding. Additionally, we introduce other applications of US-guided procedures for tendons, enthesis, bursae, and nerves as well as emerging therapies such as US-guided fascia hydrorelease. By utilizing these US techniques, rheumatologists can achieve the ability to manage a wider range of musculoskeletal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Fukui
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA; Department of Emergency and General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Rokutanda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kawaai
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masei Suda
- Department of Rheumatology, Suwa Central Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Kishimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Nakai T, Ikeda Y, Yamaguchi K, Asano T, Iwata F, Kidoguchi G, Fukui S, Ozawa H, Kawaai S, Kitada A, Suda M, Nomura A, Tamaki H, Okada M. A case report of two systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancies with early placental exposure to belimumab: Case report with review. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2023; 7:82-86. [PMID: 36029470 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since its approval for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), belimumab has been widely used. However, its pregnancy safety profile has been underinvestigated. We present the pregnancy outcomes of two cases of early placental exposure to belimumab and summarise the pregnancy outcomes in previous reports regarding placental exposure to belimumab. Case 1 describes a 27-year-old woman with an 18-year history of SLE and lupus nephritis class III. We introduced belimumab 19 months prior to conception to control her proteinuria and discontinued its use at 5 weeks and 5 days of gestation. Her lupus activity was stable throughout pregnancy, and at 37 weeks and 1 day of gestation, she delivered a healthy girl with no anomaly. At delivery, the girl was small for gestational age, but at the 1-year follow-up, there was no delay in her growth or any serious infection. Case 2 describes a 32-year-old woman with a 15-year history of SLE. We introduced belimumab 9 months prior to conception and discontinued its use at 7 weeks and 1 day of gestation. Although her lupus was well controlled without belimumab, a missed abortion occurred, which was possibly due to foetal factors. Although there is accumulating data on the safety of belimumab use during pregnancy, it seems necessary to cautiously use this medication in pregnant women, until further analyses are conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Nakai
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Ikeda
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asano
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Genki Kidoguchi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Sho Fukui
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawaai
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Ayako Kitada
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Masei Suda
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Suwa Chuo Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nomura
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Tamaki
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
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6
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Singh RS, Takagi K, Aoki T, Moon JH, Neo Y, Iwata F, Mimura H, Moraru D. Precise Deposition of Carbon Nanotube Bundles by Inkjet-Printing on a CMOS-Compatible Platform. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15144935. [PMID: 35888413 PMCID: PMC9323799 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are ultimately small structures, attractive for future nanoelectronics. CNT-bundles on Si nanostructures can offer an alternative pathway to build hybrid CMOS-compatible devices. To develop a simple method of using such CNT-bundles as transistor channels, we fabricated semiconductor single-walled CNT field-effect transistors using inkjet printing on a CMOS-compatible platform. We investigated a method of producing stable CNT solutions without surfactants, allowing for CNT debundling and dispersion. An inkjet-printing system disperses CNT-networks with ultimately low density (down to discrete CNT-bundles) in Al source-drain gaps of transistors. Despite the small number of networks and random positions, such CNT-bundles provide paths to the flow current. For enhanced controllability, we also demonstrate the manipulation of CNT-networks using an AFM technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitkumar Shailendra Singh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan; (R.S.S.); (K.T.); (T.A.); (J.H.M.); (Y.N.); (F.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Katsuyuki Takagi
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan; (R.S.S.); (K.T.); (T.A.); (J.H.M.); (Y.N.); (F.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Toru Aoki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan; (R.S.S.); (K.T.); (T.A.); (J.H.M.); (Y.N.); (F.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Jong Hyun Moon
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan; (R.S.S.); (K.T.); (T.A.); (J.H.M.); (Y.N.); (F.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Yoichiro Neo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan; (R.S.S.); (K.T.); (T.A.); (J.H.M.); (Y.N.); (F.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan; (R.S.S.); (K.T.); (T.A.); (J.H.M.); (Y.N.); (F.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Hidenori Mimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan; (R.S.S.); (K.T.); (T.A.); (J.H.M.); (Y.N.); (F.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Daniel Moraru
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan; (R.S.S.); (K.T.); (T.A.); (J.H.M.); (Y.N.); (F.I.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Viswan A, Yamagishi A, Hoshi M, Furuhata Y, Kato Y, Makimoto N, Takeshita T, Kobayashi T, Iwata F, Kimura M, Yoshizumi T, Nakamura C. Microneedle Array-Assisted, Direct Delivery of Genome-Editing Proteins Into Plant Tissue. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:878059. [PMID: 35812975 PMCID: PMC9263851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing in plants employing recombinant DNA often results in the incorporation of foreign DNA into the host genome. The direct delivery of genome-editing proteins into plant tissues is desired to prevent undesirable genetic alterations. However, in most currently available methods, the point of entry of the genome-editing proteins cannot be controlled and time-consuming processes are required to select the successfully transferred samples. To overcome these limitations, we considered a novel microneedle array (MNA)-based delivery system, in which the needles are horizontally aligned from the substrate surface, giving it a comb-like configuration. We aimed to deliver genome-editing proteins directly into the inner layers of leaf tissues; palisade, the spongy and subepidermal L2 layers of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) which include cells that can differentiate into germlines. The array with needles 2 μm wide and 60 μm long was effective in inserting into Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybeans) SAM without the needles buckling or breaking. The setup was initially tested for the delivery of Cre recombinase into the leaves of the reporter plant A. thaliana by quantifying the GUS (β-glucuronidase) expression that occurred by the recombination of the loxP sites. We observed GUS expression at every insertion. Additionally, direct delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) targeting the PDS11/18 gene in soybean SAM showed an 11 bp deletion in the Cas9 RNP target site. Therefore, this method effectively delivered genome-editing proteins into plant tissues with precise control over the point of entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchu Viswan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ayana Yamagishi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hoshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Furuhata
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Natsumi Makimoto
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takeshita
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Medical Photonics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshizumi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Chikashi Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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8
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Iwata F, Shirasawa T, Mizutani Y, Ushiki T. Scanning ion-conductance microscopy with a double-barreled nanopipette for topographic imaging of charged chromosomes. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:423-435. [PMID: 33644794 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is useful for imaging soft and fragile biological samples in liquids because it probes the samples' surface topography by detecting ion currents under non-contact and force-free conditions. SICM acquires the surface topographical height by detecting the ion current reduction that occurs when an electrolyte-filled glass nanopipette approaches the sample surface. However, most biological materials have electrically charged surfaces in liquid environments, which sometimes affect the behavior of the ion currents detected by SICM and, especially, make topography measurements difficult. For measuring such charged samples, we propose a novel imaging method that uses a double-barrel nanopipette as an SICM probe. The ion current between the two apertures of the nanopipette desensitizes the surface charge effect on imaging. In this study, metaphase chromosomes of Indian muntjac were imaged by this technique because, owing to their strongly negatively charged surfaces in phosphate-buffered saline, it is difficult to obtain the topography of the chromosomes by the conventional SICM with a single-aperture nanopipette. Using the proposed method with a double-barrel nanopipette, the surfaces of the chromosomes were successfully measured, without any surface charge confounder. Since the detailed imaging of sample topography can be performed in physiological liquid conditions regardless of the sample charge, it is expected to be used for analyzing the high-order structure of chromosomes in relation to their dynamic changes in the cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8011, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Shirasawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizutani
- Office of Institutional Research, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan.,Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ushiki
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Kato A, Iwata F, Higashino M, Miyagaki A, Yamaguchi E, Okamoto R, Saito A, Motomura Y. [A case of amebic colitis that developed after corticosteroid therapy in which perforation occurred during metronidazole treatment]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2021; 118:455-461. [PMID: 33967130 DOI: 10.11405/nisshoshi.118.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although amebiasis is usually asymptomatic, fulminant amebic colitis is associated with a high mortality rate. Here, we report the case of a patient with amebic colitis in which bowel perforation occurred despite treatment with metronidazole. A man in his 70s underwent steroid pulse therapy to treat serious acute hepatitis A. After corticosteroid therapy, he developed acute abdomen because of amebic colitis. We immediately administered metronidazole and his symptoms improved. After completing treatment, he developed colon perforation. Amebic colitis can progress to bowel perforation even after administering the appropriate medication, so this abdominal symptom requires careful attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center
| | - Makoto Higashino
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center
| | - Aki Miyagaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center.,Department of Gastroenterology, Toyooka Public Hospital Association Toyooka Hospital
| | - Eriko Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center
| | - Risa Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center
| | - Yasuaki Motomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center
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10
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Otsuka Y, Kamihoriuchi B, Takeuchi A, Iwata F, Tortorella S, Matsumoto T. High-Spatial-Resolution Multimodal Imaging by Tapping-Mode Scanning Probe Electrospray Ionization with Feedback Control. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2263-2272. [PMID: 33400515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Direct extraction and ionization techniques using minute amounts of solvent can be employed for the rapid analysis of chemical components in a sample without any sample preparation steps. This type of approach is important for mass spectrometry imaging of samples with multiple chemical components that have different spatial distributions (i.e., biological tissues). To improve the spatial resolution of such imaging, it is necessary to reduce the solvent volume for extraction and deliver it to the sample surface. This report describes a feedback control system applied to tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization. By combining the measurement technique of capillary probe vibration with the dynamic distance control system between the probe and the sample, the vibration amplitude of the probe is maintained while the probe scans over uneven samples. This method allows simultaneous high-resolution imaging of molecular distribution, surface topography, and amplitude/phase changes in the probe vibration. Such multimodal imaging is demonstrated on rhodamine B thin films in microwells and on a mouse brain tissue section. This technique can generally be applied to examine the multidimensional molecular distribution and the surface profiles of various objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Bui Kamihoriuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Aya Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Sara Tortorella
- Molecular Horizon Srl, Via Montelino 30, 06084 Bettona, Perugia, Italy
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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11
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Kojima S, Hiraoka E, Tabata M, Nakanaga H, Hiraiwa N, Noguchi M, Iwata F, Sakai M, Obunai K, Watanabe H. Refractory heart failure and intermittent claudication secondary to supra-renal coral reef aorta. J Cardiol Cases 2020; 22:249-252. [PMID: 33133321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reef aorta (CRA), a rare disease, is characterized by severe calcification of the juxta-renal and suprarenal aorta that grows into the lumen and leads to severe stenosis. A 70-year-old woman with refractory hypertension and lower limb claudication presented with hypertension and congestive heart failure. Treatment with vasodilators and diuresis led to oliguria and exacerbated kidney function, while her congestion remained. Abdominal computerized tomography showed a bulky, irregular localized supra-renal aortic calcification with stenosis. A peripheral artery ultrasound and angiography showed no occlusive lesions in the distal run-off vessels. Based on her medical history and the unique aspects of the localized calcified lesion, CRA was diagnosed. We suspected that the congestive heart failure, refractory hypertension, and renal failure resulted from the supra-renal aortic stenosis. Because she developed oliguria with diuretics and vasodilators, we performed an open graft replacement with a thoracoabdominal approach. The reddish-brown calcified mass came off easily and was very fragile. The postoperative course was uneventful, and her heart and renal failure were completely resolved. This is the first report showing the fragility of CRA. Considering its fragility, catheter treatment may need to be avoided to prevent distal embolism. <Learning objective: When we encounter a calcified lesion localized at the level of the juxta and supra-renal aorta with extensive growth into the lumen, coral reef aorta (CRA) should be suspected. Considering that CRA lesion can be very fragile in contrast to the usual atherosclerotic lesion, as shown in our case, CRA might possibly increase the risk of distal embolization. Therefore, open graft replacement could be safer than endovascular stent-graft placement.>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kojima
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Hiraoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Tabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraiwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Noguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Obunai
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Reiser A, Koch L, Dunn KA, Matsuura T, Iwata F, Fogel O, Kotler Z, Zhou N, Charipar K, Piqué A, Rohner P, Poulikakos D, Lee S, Seol SK, Utke I, van Nisselroy C, Zambelli T, Wheeler JM, Spolenak R. Metals by Micro-Scale Additive Manufacturing: Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. Adv Funct Mater 2020; 30:1910491. [PMID: 32684902 PMCID: PMC7357576 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging applications in microscale engineering rely on the fabrication of 3D architectures in inorganic materials. Small-scale additive manufacturing (AM) aspires to provide flexible and facile access to these geometries. Yet, the synthesis of device-grade inorganic materials is still a key challenge toward the implementation of AM in microfabrication. Here, a comprehensive overview of the microstructural and mechanical properties of metals fabricated by most state-of-the-art AM methods that offer a spatial resolution ≤10 μm is presented. Standardized sets of samples are studied by cross-sectional electron microscopy, nanoindentation, and microcompression. It is shown that current microscale AM techniques synthesize metals with a wide range of microstructures and elastic and plastic properties, including materials of dense and crystalline microstructure with excellent mechanical properties that compare well to those of thin-film nanocrystalline materials. The large variation in materials' performance can be related to the individual microstructure, which in turn is coupled to the various physico-chemical principles exploited by the different printing methods. The study provides practical guidelines for users of small-scale additive methods and establishes a baseline for the future optimization of the properties of printed metallic objects-a significant step toward the potential establishment of AM techniques in microfabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Reiser
- Laboratory for NanometallurgyDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Lukas Koch
- Laboratory for NanometallurgyDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Kathleen A. Dunn
- College of Nanoscale Science & EngineeringSUNY Polytechnic Institute257 Fuller RoadAlbanyNY12203USA
| | - Toshiki Matsuura
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and TechnologyShizuoka UniversityJohoku, Naka‐kuHamamatsu432‐8561Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and TechnologyShizuoka UniversityJohoku, Naka‐kuHamamatsu432‐8561Japan
| | - Ofer Fogel
- Additive Manufacturing LaboratoryOrbotech Ltd.P.O. Box 215Yavne81101Israel
| | - Zvi Kotler
- Additive Manufacturing LaboratoryOrbotech Ltd.P.O. Box 215Yavne81101Israel
| | - Nanjia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of EngineeringWestlake University18 Shilongshan RoadHangzhouZhejiang Province310024China
- Institute of Advanced TechnologyWestlake Institute for Advanced Study18 Shilongshan RoadHangzhouZhejiang Province310024China
| | - Kristin Charipar
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionNaval Research Laboratory4555 Overlook Ave. SWWashingtonDC20375USA
| | - Alberto Piqué
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionNaval Research Laboratory4555 Overlook Ave. SWWashingtonDC20375USA
| | - Patrik Rohner
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZürichSonneggstr. 3Zürich8092Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZürichSonneggstr. 3Zürich8092Switzerland
| | - Sanghyeon Lee
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina
| | - Seung Kwon Seol
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research CenterKorea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI)Changwon‐SiGyeongsangnam‐do51543Republic of Korea
- Electrical Functionality Materials EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Changwon‐SiGyeongsangnam‐do51543Republic of Korea
| | - Ivo Utke
- Laboratory of Mechanics for Materials and NanostructuresEmpaFeuerwerkerstrasse 39Thun3602Switzerland
| | - Cathelijn van Nisselroy
- Laboratory of Biosensors and BioelectronicsDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZürichGloriastrasse 35Zürich8092Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and BioelectronicsDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZürichGloriastrasse 35Zürich8092Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey M. Wheeler
- Laboratory for NanometallurgyDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Ralph Spolenak
- Laboratory for NanometallurgyDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10Zürich8093Switzerland
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13
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Kamihoriuchi B, Otsuka Y, Takeuchi A, Iwata F, Matsumoto T. Visualization of Sampling and Ionization Processes in Scanning Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 7:S0078. [PMID: 31840014 PMCID: PMC6863452 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ambient sampling and ionization techniques based on direct liquid extraction and electrospray ionization are of great value for rapid analysis and mass spectrometry imaging. Scanning probe electrospray ionization (SPESI) enables the sampling and ionization of analyte molecules in a solid material using a liquid bridge and electrospray, respectively, from a single capillary probe. To further improve SPESI, it is essential to understand the dynamic behavior of nanoliter volumes of liquids during sampling and ionization. In this study, the dynamic formation and breakage of the liquid bridge and the subsequent electrospray ionization were investigated by measuring the displacement of the capillary probe using a new optical technique. Measurements revealed that both the time from the formation of the liquid bridge to its breakage and the time from the breakage of the liquid bridge to the detection of analyte ions were correlated with the physical properties of the solvent. It was also found that both of these times were positively correlated with the flow rate. These results will not only lead to the improvement of sampling and ionization efficiencies but also afford a greater understanding of the physicochemical properties of charged nanoliter volumes of liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Kamihoriuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoichi Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Aya Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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14
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Sanada T, Tokuda E, Iwata F, Takatoh C, Fukunaga A, Hiyama H. Measurement of Lateral Removal Force for a Baked Polymer Particle on a Glass Plate. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2018. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.31.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emu Tokuda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University
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15
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Kawamura R, Miyazaki M, Shimizu K, Matsumoto Y, Silberberg YR, Sathuluri RR, Iijima M, Kuroda S, Iwata F, Kobayashi T, Nakamura C. A New Cell Separation Method Based on Antibody-Immobilized Nanoneedle Arrays for the Detection of Intracellular Markers. Nano Lett 2017; 17:7117-7124. [PMID: 29047282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Focusing on intracellular targets, we propose a new cell separation technique based on a nanoneedle array (NNA) device, which allows simultaneous insertion of multiple needles into multiple cells. The device is designed to target and lift ("fish") individual cells from a mixed population of cells on a substrate using an antibody-functionalized NNA. The mechanics underlying this approach were validated by force analysis using an atomic force microscope. Accurate high-throughput separation was achieved using one-to-one contacts between the nanoneedles and the cells by preparing a single-cell array in which the positions of the cells were aligned with 10,000 nanoneedles in the NNA. Cell-type-specific separation was realized by controlling the adhesion force so that the cells could be detached in cell-type-independent manner. Separation of nestin-expressing neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) was demonstrated using the proposed technology, and successful differentiation to neuronal cells was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuzo Kawamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Minami Miyazaki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keita Shimizu
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yaron R Silberberg
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ramachandra Rao Sathuluri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masumi Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR-Sanken), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR-Sanken), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University , 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Research Center for Ubiquitous MEMS and Micro Engineering, AIST , 1-2-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
| | - Chikashi Nakamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5 , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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16
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Kohigashi T, Otsuka Y, Shimazu R, Matsumoto T, Iwata F, Kawasaki H, Arakawa R. Reduced Sampling Size with Nanopipette for Tapping-Mode Scanning Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:S0054. [PMID: 28101441 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with ambient sampling and ionization can rapidly and easily capture the distribution of chemical components in a solid sample. Because the spatial resolution of MSI is limited by the size of the sampling area, reducing sampling size is an important goal for high resolution MSI. Here, we report the first use of a nanopipette for sampling and ionization by tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization (t-SPESI). The spot size of the sampling area of a dye molecular film on a glass substrate was decreased to 6 μm on average by using a nanopipette. On the other hand, ionization efficiency increased with decreasing solvent flow rate. Our results indicate the compatibility between a reduced sampling area and the ionization efficiency using a nanopipette. MSI of micropatterns of ink on a glass and a polymer substrate were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoichi Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Ryo Shimazu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | | | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Ryuichi Arakawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
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17
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Matsumoto D, Yamagishi A, Saito M, Sathuluri RR, Silberberg YR, Iwata F, Kobayashi T, Nakamura C. Mechanoporation of living cells for delivery of macromolecules using nanoneedle array. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:748-752. [PMID: 27316458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and rapid delivery of macromolecule probes, such as quenchbodies and other large biomarkers that cannot readily pass through the plasma membrane, is necessary for live-cell imaging and other intracellular analyses. We present here an alternative, simple method for delivery of macromolecules into live cells. In this method, which we term here mechanoporation, a nanoneedle array is used for making transient pores in the plasma membrane to allow access of desired macromolecules into thousands of live cells, simultaneously. This rapid, 3-step method facilitates an efficient delivery by adding macromolecules into the medium, inserting nanoneedles into the cells and oscillating the nanoneedle array, a process that takes no more than 5 min in total. In addition, we demonstrate here how this method can repeatedly and reproducibly deliver molecules into specifically-selected locations on a given cell culture dish. The results presented here show how this unique mechanoporation method enables rapid and high-throughput bio-macromolecule delivery and live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ayana Yamagishi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ramachandra Rao Sathuluri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yaron R Silberberg
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Research Center for Ubiquitous MEMS and Micro Engineering, AIST, 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
| | - Chikashi Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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18
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Matsumoto D, Rao Sathuluri R, Kato Y, Silberberg YR, Kawamura R, Iwata F, Kobayashi T, Nakamura C. Oscillating high-aspect-ratio monolithic silicon nanoneedle array enables efficient delivery of functional bio-macromolecules into living cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15325. [PMID: 26471006 PMCID: PMC4607922 DOI: 10.1038/srep15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of biomolecules with use of nanostructures has been previously reported. However, both efficient and high-throughput intracellular delivery has proved difficult to achieve. Here, we report a novel material and device for the delivery of biomacromolecules into live cells. We attribute the successful results to the unique features of the system, which include high-aspect-ratio, uniform nanoneedles laid across a 2D array, combined with an oscillatory feature, which together allow rapid, forcible and efficient insertion and protein release into thousands of cells simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ramachandra Rao Sathuluri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yaron R Silberberg
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Research Center for Ubiquitous MEMS and Micro Engineering, AIST, 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
| | - Chikashi Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
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19
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Takai T, Nakao H, Iwata F. Three-dimensional microfabrication using local electrophoresis deposition and a laser trapping technique. Opt Express 2014; 22:28109-28117. [PMID: 25402051 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.028109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel fabrication method of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures using local electrophoresis deposition together with laser trapping. A liquid cell consisting of two-faced conductive substrates was filled with a colloidal solution of Au nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were trapped by a laser spot and positioned on the bottom substrate, then deposited onto the surface by the application of electrical voltage between the two substrates. By moving the liquid cell downward while maintaining the deposition, 3D microstructures were successfully fabricated. The smallest diameter of the fabricated pillar was 500 nm, almost the same as that of the Airy disc. The Young's modulus of the fabricated structure was 1.5 GPa.
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20
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Iwata F, Ohashi Y, Ishisaki I, Picco L, Ushiki T. Development of nanomanipulator using a high-speed atomic force microscope coupled with a haptic device. Ultramicroscopy 2013; 133:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Nakao H, Tokonami S, Hamada T, Shiigi H, Nagaoka T, Iwata F, Takeda Y. Direct observation of one-dimensional plasmon coupling in metallic nanofibers prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly with DNA. Nanoscale 2012; 4:6814-6822. [PMID: 23011186 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a simple method for the preparation of highly aligned metallic nanofibers with anisotropic aggregates of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as well as a direct observation of localized plasmon field and its coupling in the prepared metallic nanofibers. Metallic nanofibers of several tens of nanometers wide and millimeters long were prepared. The preparation method, which is based on the process of evaporation-induced self-assembly with DNA and drying front movement, eliminates the need for lithography and an external field, and it is fast, cheap and easy. Dark-field scattering spectroscopy was used to study the strong plasmon coupling of AgNPs in the metallic nanofibers. We observed strong near-field coupling between neighboring nanoparticles, which results in red-shifted multipolar plasmon modes that are highly polarized along the fiber axis. The polarization dependence of plasmon coupling in the metallic nanofibers observed in this study was satisfactorily explained by the morphology of the metallic nanofibers, which was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, Raman spectra imaging of the metallic nanofibers revealed the existence of intense hot spots localized along their axes, which played a significant role in the intensity of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals from DNA bases in the metallic nanofiber. Our results demonstrate the use of evaporation-induced self-assembly with DNA as a straightforward method to produce one-dimensional coupling of localized plasmons with a longer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Nakao
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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22
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Iwata F, Mizuguchi Y, Ko H, Ushiki T. Nanomanipulation of biological samples using a compact atomic force microscope under scanning electron microscope observation. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2011; 60:359-366. [PMID: 22049270 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfr070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a compact nanomanipulator that can be operated inside the sample chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for biological sample manipulation. The design of the nanomanipulator is based on that of an atomic force microscope (AFM). A self-sensitive cantilever is used to realize the compact body and thus it is possible to put a pair of the standalone AFM units on the sample stage in the SEM chamber. Using this system, we accomplished nanodissection of biological samples as well as AFM imaging under SEM observation. We then fabricated the surface of a rat renal glomerulus by scan-scratching and succeeded in making a small hole on the wall of a blood capillary. As a result, it was possible to observe the internal structure of the capillary, which had been hidden beneath the surface wall. Furthermore, using two AFM units on the sample stage of the SEM, we successfully dissected the lens fiber cells taken from a rat eye in a multi-probe operation using the two cantilevers. This system is expected to become a very useful tool for micro- and nanometer-scale anatomy and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan.
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Abstract
We describe a novel local deposition technique for nanoparticles using electrophoresis deposition assisted by laser trapping. A solution containing nanometer scale colloidal Au particles was placed between a conductive substrate and a cover glass coated with an indium thin oxide film. Laser spots focused on the substrate gathered the nanoparticles around the spots, and the nanoparticles were then deposited on the substrate by controlling the electric potential between the substrate and the cover glass. A dots array and line patterning of the deposited Au nanoparticles were successfully demonstrated. Furthermore, by using a solution containing colloidal DNA, we were able to obtain a dots array of the DNA. This technique will be very useful for applications in micro-and nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iwata
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Johoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan.
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Abe Y, Okada T, Kuromori Y, Hara M, Saito E, Iwata F, Ayusawa M, Mugishima H. Abstract: P921 APOLIPOPROTEIN A-V IS A POTENT MODULATOR OF HDL AND VLDL COMPONENT IN PREADOLESCENT CHILDREN. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Iwata F, Kawanishi S, Aoyama H, Ushiki T. Development of a nano manipulator based on an atomic force microscope coupled with a haptic device: a novel manipulation tool for scanning electron microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 72:271-8. [DOI: 10.1679/aohc.72.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University
| | - Shinsuke Kawanishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University
| | - Hisayuki Aoyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, University of Electro-Communications
| | - Tatsuo Ushiki
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy and Bio-imaging, Department of Cellular Function, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
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26
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Nakao H, Hayashi H, Iwata F, Karasawa H, Hirano K, Sugiyama S, Ohtani T. Fabricating and aligning pi-conjugated polymer-functionalized DNA nanowires: atomic force microscopic and scanning near-field optical microscopic studies. Langmuir 2005; 21:7945-50. [PMID: 16089403 DOI: 10.1021/la050145p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple method to functionalize DNA with pi-conjugated polymer, forming highly aligned and integrated arrays of pi-conjugated polymer nanowires of a few nanometers diameter. pi-conjugated polymer, polyphenazasiline, having alkylammonium salts on the N atom (PPhenaz-TMA), synthesized in this study can be directly attached to DNA, which can be organized along stretched and aligned DNA molecules on surfaces as a template. Furthermore, PPhenaz-TMA/DNA nanowires were stretched and aligned on surfaces, even when PPhenaz-TMA/DNA complexes formed in solutions. The resulting PPhenaz-TMA/DNA nanowires could be easily converted to oxidized states or metallic nanowires by using adequate oxidant or metal salts. The direct visualization of PPhenaz-TMA/DNA nanowires and its structural changes have been studied by atomic force microscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Nakao
- National Food Research Institute, Kannondai 2-1-12, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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Abstract
UNLABELLED We examined age- and sex-specific body compositions of Chinese children by the bioelectrical impedance method. The subjects were a total of 587 children aged 6-14 y who had normal relative weight. In all ages, boys had larger fat-free mass and lower percent body fat (%BF) than girls did. Even in the subjects with BMI <20 kg/m2, more than one quarter of them had high %BF. CONCLUSION Chinese children may have higher %BF than that predicted by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated with Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Montresor A, Odermatt P, Muth S, Iwata F, Raja'a YA, Assis AM, Zulkifli A, Kabatereine NB, Fenwick A, Al-Awaidy S, Allen H, Engels D, Savioli L. The WHO dose pole for the administration of praziquantel is also accurate in non-African populations. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2005; 99:78-81. [PMID: 15550266 PMCID: PMC5628732 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Revised: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2001, WHO developed a pole for the administration of praziquantel without the use of weighing scales, with encouraging results in African populations. In the present study, the pole was tested on height/weight data from 9354 individuals from 11 non-African countries. In more than 98% of the individuals (95% CI 97.8-98.4) the pole estimated an acceptable dosage (30-60 mg/kg), a performance statistically similar to that observed in African populations. Reproducing the present pole in the form of a strip of paper and including it in each container of praziquantel would greatly facilitate the administration of the drug in large-scale interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Montresor
- Vectorborne and other Parasitic Diseases, World Health Organization, 63 Tran Hung Dao Street, Mail P.O. Box 52, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Iwata F, Mikage K, Sakaguchi H, Kitao M, Sasaki A. Current-sensing scanning near-field optical microscopy using a metal probe for nanometre-scale observation of electrochromic films. J Microsc 2003; 210:241-6. [PMID: 12787092 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2003.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel technique for scanning near-field optical microscopy capable of point-contact current-sensing was developed in order to investigate the nanometre-scale optical and electrical properties of electrochromic materials. An apertureless bent-metal probe was fabricated in order to detect optical and current signals at a local point on the electrochromic films. The near-field optical properties could be observed using the local field enhancement effect generated at the edge of the metal probe under p-polarized laser illumination. With regard to electrical properties, current signal could be detected with the metal probe connected to a high-sensitive current amplifier. Using the current-sensing scanning near-field optical microscopy, the surface topography, optical and current images of coloured WO3 thin films were observed simultaneously. Furthermore, nanometre-scale electrochromic modification of local bleaching could be performed using the current-sensing scanning near-field optical microscopy. The current-sensing scanning near-field optical microscopy has potential use in various fields of nanometre-scale optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iwata
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan.
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Okada T, Murata M, Yamauchi K, Harada K, Iwata F, Hara M, Saito E, Miyashita M, Kuromori Y. 3P-0905 Investigation of the new criteria of normal serum lipid levels in Japanese children: The nationwide study. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)91123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Iwata F, Someya D, Sakaguchi H, Igasaki Y, Kitao M, Kubo T, Sasaki A. Photoconductive imaging in a photon scanning tunnelling microscope capable of point-contact current sensing using a conductive fibre probe. J Microsc 2001; 202:188-92. [PMID: 11298891 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2001.00883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A photoconductive photon scanning tunnelling microscope was developed to investigate the point-contact photoconductive properties of condensed matter. In order to detect the current and the optical signal at a local point on a surface, we coated the edge of a bent type fibre probe with indium tin oxide. Thus it was possible to measure both photocurrent and optical property with subwavelength resolution. The performance of the novel microscope was evaluated by analysing an organic thin film of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), which is known to be an efficient photoconductive material. Photocurrent and current-voltage characteristics were observed at the local point on the CuPc thin films. Furthermore, photoconductive images were obtained with topography and near-field optical imaging using this system. The photoconductive PSTM shows potential in various areas of future optics and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iwata
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan.
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Usui H, Odajima Y, Yamamoto Y, Shimizu T, Iwata F, Takamura M, Hara M, Itou S, Hashimoto K, Harada K. [A clinical case of 13 years old boy of aspirin-induced asthma with food allergy]. Arerugi 2000; 49:1104-7. [PMID: 11193462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Usui
- Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo General Hospital
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Hattori A, Uemura K, Miura H, Ueda M, Tamaya N, Iwata F, Muraguchi M, Ohmoto Y, Iguchi A. Gender-related difference in relationship between insulin resistance and serum leptin level in Japanese type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Endocr J 2000; 47:615-21. [PMID: 11200943 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.47.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains controversial whether or not a correlation exists between serum leptin levels and insulin resistance, and, if such a correlation does exist, whether it is independent of adiposity. To investigate the possible existence of an independent correlation, we have assessed serum leptin levels and insulin resistance in Japanese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects by means of Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-R). Sixty-four Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (33 men and 31 women) and 53 sex-, age-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched non-diabetic adults (29 men and 24 women) were enrolled. The fasting plasma level of glucose (FPG) and the fasting serum levels of immunoreactive insulin (FIRI) and leptin were determined. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that, in both male diabetic and male non-diabetic subjects, HOMA-R and BMI were independently correlated with serum leptin levels. In females, BMI, but not HOMA-R, was correlated to the serum levels of leptin in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the partial regression coefficients between male diabetic and male non-diabetic subjects. These results suggest that the correlation of HOMA-R to the serum levels of leptin in females is dependent on BMI. In males, the relationship between serum leptin levels and the insulin resistance was not affected by the extent of glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hattori
- Department of Geriatrics, Medicine in Growth and Aging, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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35
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Abstract
Although renal disease is the most prominent feature of the lysosomal storage disease cystinosis, corneal cystine crystal formation remains a major complication, leading to photophobia, corneal erosions, and keratopathies. Moreover, the extent of corneal crystal accumulation reflects the course and severity of the disease itself, and the cornea is accessible to direct examination. Therefore, we employed a scoring system, based on a library of slit-lamp photographs of corneas with increasing crystal densities (0.00-3.00), to assess the degree of crystal accumulation in 170 patients with nephropathic cystinosis examined at the National Institutes of Health between 1976 and 2000. None of the patients had received topical cystine-depleting therapy at the time of the evaluation. In this natural history study, infants in the first year of life had absent or minimal corneal crystals, i.e., a corneal cystine crystal score (CCCS) of 0 or 0.25. However, the CCCS increased linearly with age, such that every patient had visible crystals by 16 months of age, and plateaued at approximately 3.00 by early adolescence. Longitudinal studies in representative patients support the cross-sectional results. Individuals homozygous for the common 57-kb deletion involving the cystinosis gene (CTNS) displayed the same course of corneal crystal accumulation as did individuals not bearing the large deletion. Patients with ocular or nonnephropathic cystinosis had CCCSs that were, in general, half those expected for patients with nephropathic cystinosis of the same age. Administration of 0.55% cysteamine eyedrops, given 6 to 12 times per day, dissolved corneal cystine crystals in 10 representative patients with nephropathic cystinosis aged 1 to 32 years within 8 to 41 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Gahl
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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36
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Hattori H, Nagano M, Egashira T, Iwata F, Satou Y, Hara M, Okada T. Two novel mutations, 390ins1 and 2320del21 in the LDL receptor gene caused familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)81456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Okada T, Uchida N, Iwata F, Hara M, Noto N, Harada K, Hattori H, Egashira T. Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid and threonine allele in codon 54 of the fatty acid binding protein 2 gene in obese Japanese children. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Iwata F, Reed GF, Caruso RC, Kuehl EM, Gahl WA, Kaiser-Kupfer MI. Correlation of visual acuity and ocular pigmentation with the 16-bp duplication in the HPS-1 gene of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a form of albinism. Ophthalmology 2000; 107:783-9. [PMID: 10768343 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a form of albinism, were studied. The first purpose of this investigation was to determine if visual acuity was related to the presence or absence of the 16-bp duplication in the HPS-1 gene. The second was to study the correlation between the degree of ocular pigmentation and visual acuity within the two genetic groups described above. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of a series of consecutive patients. PARTICIPANTS Forty-nine patients with HPS with or without the 16-bp duplication in HPS-1. METHODS Best corrected visual acuity (VA) using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts, photographic gradings of iris transillumination and of visibility of choroidal vessels in the macula (macular transparency). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Association between VA and the presence or absence of the 16-bp duplication in HPS-1 and correlation between VA and the degree of iris transillumination (iris score) and macular transparency (fundus score), as determined by masked reading of photographs, with respect to the presence or absence of the 16-bp duplication in HPS-1 were the main outcome measures. RESULTS The VA of the better eye did not differ between the two genetic groups (P = 0.322, two-sided t test). Spearman's rank correlation between VA and iris scores in 39 eyes of 20 patients with the duplication was not statistically significant (P = 0.698) but was statistically significant in 36 eyes of 19 patients without the duplication (P < 0.001). Among all patients, the correlation was statistically significant (r = -0.36 in RE and r = -0.51 in LE). Spearman's rank correlation between VA and fundus scores in 36 eyes of 19 patients with and 34 eyes in 18 patients with and without the duplication was statistically significant (P = 0.035 and P = 0.008, respectively). Among all patients, it was also statistically significant (r = -0.39 in RE and r = -0.45 in LE). CONCLUSIONS The mean VA of the better eye did not differ in patients with the 16-bp duplication compared with those without the duplication. There were statistically significant associations between VA and the iris score and the fundus score except for the VA and iris scores in patients with the 16-bp duplication. However, because of the variability of VA, these associations were not large enough for useful prediction of VA based on the degree of ocular pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iwata
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Clinical Services Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1860, USA
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Anikster Y, Lucero C, Guo J, Huizing M, Shotelersuk V, Bernardini I, McDowell G, Iwata F, Kaiser-Kupfer MI, Jaffe R, Thoene J, Schneider JA, Gahl WA. Ocular nonnephropathic cystinosis: clinical, biochemical, and molecular correlations. Pediatr Res 2000; 47:17-23. [PMID: 10625078 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-200001000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ocular nonnephropathic cystinosis, a variant of the classic nephropathic type of cystinosis, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by photophobia due to corneal cystine crystals but absence of renal disease. We determined the molecular basis for ocular cystinosis in four individuals. All had mutations in the cystinosis gene CTNS, indicating that ocular cystinosis is allelic with classic nephropathic cystinosis. The ocular cystinosis patients each had one severe mutation and one mild mutation, the latter consisting of either a 928 G-->A (G197R) mutation or an IVS10-3 C-->G splicing mutation resulting in the insertion of 182 bp of IVS10 into the CTNS mRNA. The mild mutations appear to allow for residual CTNS mRNA production, significant amounts of lysosomal cystine transport, and lower levels of cellular cystine compared with those in nephropathic cystinosis. The lack of kidney involvement in ocular cystinosis may be explained by two different mechanisms. On the one hand (e.g. the G197R mutation), significant residual cystinosin activity may be present in every tissue. On the other hand (e.g. the IVS 10-3 C-->G mutation), substantial cystinosin activity may exist in the kidney because of that tissue's specific expression of factors that promote splicing of a normal CTNS transcript. Each of these mechanisms could result in minimally reduced lysosomal cystine transport in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Anikster
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Hoffmann P, Eysselein VE, Zeeh JM, Procaccino F, Kao J, Iwata F, Leung FW. Epidermal growth factor increases basal mucosal blood flow in the rat colon, a prostaglandin dependent effect. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 11:1305-10. [PMID: 10563545 DOI: 10.1097/00042737-199911000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Non-mitogenic biological activity such as modulation of mucosal blood flow is suspected to convey the protective effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in vivo. The aims of our present study were to determine the effects of EGF on colonic mucosal blood flow and injury induced hyperaemia in rats. DESIGN/METHODS Rats were pretreated with i.p. injections of vehicle, EGF, or indomethacin and EGF prior to mucosal injury. Basal mucosal blood flow and injury induced hyperaemia at the border of the damaged mucosa was determined by using reflectance spectrophotometry. RESULTS EGF significantly increased basal mucosal blood flow but did not further enhance injury induced hyperaemia. The EGF induced increase in basal mucosal blood flow was completely abolished by indomethacin pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS EGF induces an increase of basal mucosal blood flow through induction of prostaglandin synthesis. We hypothesize that the increase in mucosal blood flow contributes to the ability of EGF to protect the colonic mucosa against injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hoffmann
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Taketani R, Yokoyama T, Hotta Y, Iwata F, Yazawa K, Fujiki K, Kanai A. [A case of juvenile retinoschisis diagnosed by analysis of the XLRS 1 gene]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1999; 103:817-20. [PMID: 10589241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report on a 3 year-old boy who was first diagnosed with retinal detachment and macular hole and received surgical treatment. X-linked juvenile retinoschisis was determined by DNA analysis. CASE Past or family history was not recognized. There was left macular hole but no typical spoke-like foveal retinoschisis was observed in either eye. We could not diagnose the case as X-linked juvenile retinoschisis because there was no family history of it, central foveal reflex was observed in right eye with corrected visual acuity of 1.2, and no abnormality was recorded in the electroretinogram. High molecular weight DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes, and the XLRS 1 gene was analyzed. Hemizygous missense mutation, Arg102Gln, was detected. We diagnosed the disease as X-linked juvenile retinoschisis because the Arg102Gln mutation was detected in a family in Germany, two families in the United Kingdom, and two families in the USA. CONCLUSION XLRS 1 gene analysis is useful if the diagnosis is difficult clinically due to atypical clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taketani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Iwata F, Joh T, Tada T, Okada N, Morgan BP, Yokoyama Y, Itoh M. Role of complement regulatory membrane proteins in ischaemia-reperfusion injury of rat gastric mucosa. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14:967-72. [PMID: 10530491 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of complement in ischaemia-reperfusion injury has not been well investigated. 5I2 is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against a rat membrane inhibitor of the C3 convertase step, which is the rat counterpart of mouse Crry/p65. 6D1 is a mAb against rat CD59 which inhibits the formation of membrane attack complexes. METHODS We visualized the tissue distribution of these membrane inhibitors in rat gastrointestinal tract by immunohistochemical staining with the appropriate mAb. Then, we tested the hypothesis that complement regulatory proteins protect rat gastric mucosa against ischaemia-reperfusion stress by using these mAbs. Gastric mucosal integrity was continuously monitored by measuring the blood-to-lumen clearance of [51Cr]-labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) under control conditions, during ischaemia and after reperfusion. RESULTS Rat 6D1 and 5I2 antigens were both widely distributed and predominantly expressed on smooth muscle and endothelial cells in gastrointestinal tracts. Blockade of complement regulatory proteins with 5I2 and 6D1 mAbs resulted in a significant increase in [51Cr]-EDTA clearance after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that endogenous complement regulatory proteins may act as important protective factors against ischaemia-reperfusion stress in rat gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iwata
- Department of Internal Medicine, West Japan NTT Tokai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
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Klintworth GK, Sommer JR, Obrian G, Han L, Ahmed MN, Qumsiyeh MB, Lin PY, Basti S, Reddy MK, Kanai A, Hotta Y, Sugar J, Kumaramanickavel G, Munier F, Schorderet DF, El Matri L, Iwata F, Kaiser-Kupfer M, Nagata M, Nakayasu K, Hejtmancik JF, Teng CT. Familial subepithelial corneal amyloidosis (gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy): exclusion of linkage to lactoferrin gene. Mol Vis 1998; 4:31. [PMID: 9873069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Because corneal tissue with familial subepithelial corneal amyloidosis (FSCA; gelatinous drop-like dystrophy of the cornea) contains lactoferrin the possibility that the FSCA gene was the human lactoferrin (hLF) gene was investigated. Due to contradictory published information we also mapped the hLF gene. METHODS We mapped the hLF gene using a genomic clone of the entire hLF gene as a probe by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Utilizing PCR primers that are specific to the hLF gene, we also mapped the hLF via radiation somatic cell hybrid analysis. Linkage of the FSCA gene to the hLF gene was evaluated by genetic linkage analysis using polymorphic markers within and in the vicinity of the hLF gene. RESULTS The hLF gene mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 at 3p21. Linkage analysis using polymorphic markers for hLF and haplotype analysis of the 3p21 loci indicates that the FSCA gene is not linked to the 3p21 locus. CONCLUSIONS The gene for FSCA is not the hLF gene in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Klintworth
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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44
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Abstract
The mesenteric hyperemia induced by intraduodenal application of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is mediated in part by capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves. Antagonist of capsaicin-sensitive receptors (capsazepine) and blocker of capsaicin-sensitive cation channels (ruthenium red) have been described. We employed these tools to dissect the mechanism of regulation of mesenteric hyperemia induced by intraduodenal administration of HCl. Subcutaneous 100 micromol/kg capsazepine or intraduodenal 0.1% ruthenium red was administered to pentobarbital anesthetized rats. Then, 2.5 ml/kg of 640 microM capsaicin or 0.1 N HCl was administered intraduodenally. The mesenteric hyperemic responses were recorded. The results demonstrated that in a dose that decreased the mesenteric hyperemia induced by intraduodenal capsaicin, capsazepine failed to attenuate the mesenteric vasodilatory effect of intraduodenal HCl. Ruthenium red significantly attenuated the mesenteric hyperemia after intraduodenal capsaicin and HCl. These in vivo data provide the first functional evidence for the existence of capsazepine-sensitive capsaicin receptors and cation channel complexes in the rat duodenal and intestinal mucosa. The capsaicin- and HCl-sensitive receptors are unlikely to be functionally identical in these locations. The ruthenium red-sensitive cation channels appear to mediate the capsaicin- and HCl-induced mesenteric hyperemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seno
- Research and Medical Services, Sepulveda Veterans Administration Medical Center, California 91343, USA
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45
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Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is known to be important in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. However, the role of GJIC in gastric mucosa has not been well investigated. We tested the hypothesis that maintenance of GJIC protects rat gastric mucosa against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) stress by using irsogladine, an activator of GJIC, and octanol, an inhibitor of GJIC. Intragastric perfusion with octanol before ischemia resulted in a significant increase in 51Cr-EDTA clearance after reperfusion. Intraduodenal pretreatment with irsogladine attenuated the increase in 51Cr-EDTA clearance produced by octanol in a dose-dependent manner. Epithelial gap junctions reacted with anticonnexin-32 monoclonal antibodies were not changed after I/R stress alone. Intragastric perfusion with octanol caused a significant reduction in immunoreactive connexin-32 spots, which was completely reversed by irsogladine. These results indicate that inhibition of GJIC weakens the barrier function of gastric mucosa and subsequently causes damage of the barrier function in combination with I/R. Facilitation of GJIC and maintenance of gap junctions protect gastric mucosal barrier functions by potentiating cellular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iwata
- Department of Internal Medicine, NTT Tokai General Hospital, Nagoya 460-0017, Japan
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46
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Abstract
It has been suggested that endogenous nitric oxide may act as a protective factor for gastric mucosa since nitric oxide increases blood flow and may scavenge certain oxyradicals. We tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide protects rat gastric mucosa against ischaemia-reperfusion stress. Gastric ischaemia was induced by clamping the left gastric artery for 20 min. Rats were treated with two kinds of specific inhibitors of nitric oxide production, NG-nitro-L-arginine or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Gastric mucosal integrity was continuously monitored by measuring the blood-to-lumen clearance of [51chromium]-labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) under control conditions, during ischaemia and after reperfusion. Oxidative stress in gastric mucosa was assessed by measuring dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence intensity before ischaemia and after reperfusion. Blockade of nitric oxide resulted in a significant increase in [51Cr]-EDTA clearance and DCF fluorescence intensity after reperfusion. These effects of nitric oxide inhibitors were attenuated by pretreatment with L-arginine. In conclusion, these findings support the hypothesis that endogenous nitric oxide acts as an important protective factor against ischaemia-reperfusion stress in rat gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iwata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosai General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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47
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Rodriguez IR, Mazuruk K, Jaworski C, Iwata F, Moreira EF, Kaiser-Kupfer MI. Novel mutations in the XLRS1 gene may be caused by early Okazaki fragment sequence replacement. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998; 39:1736-9. [PMID: 9699564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether two families diagnosed with X-linked retinoschisis contained mutations in the XLRS1 gene. METHODS DNA from the patients was obtained from blood lymphocytes using commercially available kits. Single-strand conformation assay was performed in an electrophoresis apparatus using 10% acrylamide TBE gels at 10 degrees C. The gels were stained with SYB green II and were scanned in a phosphoimager. DNA was sequenced using an automated fluorescence sequencer. RESULTS A deletion that eliminates exon 2 was found in one family. An abnormal sequence replacement in exon 4 was found in the other family. Both mutations have severe effects in the coding region by inserting premature stop codons. CONCLUSIONS Both of the families have mutations in the XLRS1 gene. One of these mutations points to a novel mechanism. The mutation is caused by a replacement of 17 bp of a normal sequence with 20 bp of a sequence originating from two different places in the antisense strand. This suggests that early Okazaki fragments were incorporated into the sense strand of exon 4, replacing the normal sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Rodriguez
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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48
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Iwata F, Kuehl EM, Reed GF, McCain LM, Gahl WA, Kaiser-Kupfer MI. A randomized clinical trial of topical cysteamine disulfide (cystamine) versus free thiol (cysteamine) in the treatment of corneal cystine crystals in cystinosis. Mol Genet Metab 1998; 64:237-42. [PMID: 9758713 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.1998.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In nephropathic cystinosis, corneal cystine crystals cause severe photophobia and corneal erosions. Topical cysteamine dissolves these crystals, but cannot be marketed because it rapidly oxidizes to the disulfide form, cystamine, at room temperature. Since cystamine itself could be used commercially, we compared the efficacy of cystamine and cysteamine with respect to cystine crystal dissolution in a randomized, double-masked clinical trial. One eye each of 14 patients with cystinosis was randomized to either cystamine or cysteamine, 0.5%, with 0.01% benzalkonium chloride; the companion eye was treated with the alternate preparation. Corneal crystals were photographed and a density score was assigned to each slide based on 13 standard slides. After 8-20 months, 6 patients showed significant reduction of the corneal crystal score in only one eye. In each case, the improved eye was the cysteamine-treated eye. Theoretically, cysteamine should dissolve both intracellular and extracellular crystals, whereas cystamine should dissolve only intracellular crystals because it must first be reduced to the free thiol by the cytoplasmic-reducing environment. Hence, the lack of efficacy of the disulfide cystamine suggests that some corneal cystine crystals in cystinosis patients are extracellular, and that another form of stable, topical cysteamine must be developed for cystinosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iwata
- Heritable Disorders Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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49
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Shotelersuk V, Hazelwood S, Larson D, Iwata F, Kaiser-Kupfer MI, Kuehl E, Bernardini I, Gahl WA. Three new mutations in a gene causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: clinical correlations. Mol Genet Metab 1998; 64:99-107. [PMID: 9705234 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.1998.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) consists of oculocutaneous albinism, a platelet storage pool deficiency, and ceroid lipofuscinosis. HPS is common in northwest Puerto Rico, where affected individuals are homozygous for a 16-bp duplication in the gene HPS. Two other homozygous frameshift mutations in HPS were previously identified among non-Puerto Rican patients. Eighteen non-Puerto Rican HPS families were studied and HPS mutations in three of them identified. One mutation, T322insC, has been previously described. However, three additional mutations, E133X, T322delC, and S396delC, have not been reported. Two families exhibited compound heterozygosity for these mutations, although most previously reported HPS patients have been homozygous for a particular mutation. All the newly described mutations were associated with decreased or undetectable levels of HPS RNA by Northern blot analysis of fibroblasts, and all had significant pigment dilution. To date, all mutations in HPS result in a truncated protein, suggesting that the C-terminal portion of the HPS protein is functionally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shotelersuk
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Caruso RC, Zujewski J, Iwata F, Podgor MJ, Conley BA, Ayres LM, Kaiser-Kupfer MI. Effects of fenretinide (4-HPR) on dark adaptation. Arch Ophthalmol 1998; 116:759-63. [PMID: 9639444 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.116.6.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the alterations in dark adaptation induced by low (200 mg/d) doses of fenretinide (4-HPR), to assess whether these effects were cumulative and whether they were reversible, and to attempt to elucidate the mechanism underlying the changes in night vision. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Outpatient eye clinic. PATIENTS Twenty-two women enrolled in a breast cancer chemoprevention trial, and 18 normal control subjects. INTERVENTION Measurements of absolute luminance thresholds during dark adaptation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parameters of an exponential model of the dark-adaptation function before, during, and after administration of fenretinide. RESULTS The most conspicuous effect of fenretinide on dark adaptation was a significant delay in the timing of the rod-cone break (P<.001). A minimal elevation of the final cone threshold was also observed. These effects were reversible after fenretinide therapy was discontinued and did not seem to be cumulative. An inverse relationship between delay of the rod-cone break and plasma retinol concentration was found. CONCLUSION The dose of fenretinide used in this study produced clearly measurable, but not severe, changes in night vision, which were rarely symptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Caruso
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Clinical Services Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892-1860, USA.
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