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Xu J, Yu L, Ye S, Ye Z, Yang L, Xu X. Oral microbiota-host interaction: the chief culprit of alveolar bone resorption. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1254516. [PMID: 38455060 PMCID: PMC10918469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1254516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There exists a bidirectional relationship between oral health and general well-being, with an imbalance in oral symbiotic flora posing a threat to overall human health. Disruptions in the commensal flora can lead to oral diseases, while systemic illnesses can also impact the oral cavity, resulting in the development of oral diseases and disorders. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, known as pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis, play a crucial role in linking periodontitis to accompanying systemic diseases. In periodontal tissues, these bacteria, along with their virulence factors, can excessively activate the host immune system through local diffusion, lymphatic circulation, and blood transmission. This immune response disruption contributes to an imbalance in osteoimmune mechanisms, alveolar bone resorption, and potential systemic inflammation. To restore local homeostasis, a deeper understanding of microbiota-host interactions and the immune network phenotype in local tissues is imperative. Defining the immune network phenotype in periodontal tissues offers a promising avenue for investigating the complex characteristics of oral plaque biofilms and exploring the potential relationship between periodontitis and associated systemic diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying Porphyromonas gingivalis- and Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced alveolar bone resorption, as well as the immunophenotypes observed in host periodontal tissues during pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Surong Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zitong Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luyi Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Zhang YW, Wu Y, Liu XF, Chen X, Su JC. Targeting the gut microbiota-related metabolites for osteoporosis: The inextricable connection of gut-bone axis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102196. [PMID: 38218463 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass, destruction of bone microstructure, raised bone fragility, and enhanced risk of fractures. The correlation between gut microbiota and bone metabolism has gradually become a widespread research hotspot in recent years, and successive studies have revealed that the alterations of gut microbiota and its-related metabolites are related to the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis. Moreover, several emerging studies on the relationship between gut microbiota-related metabolites and bone metabolism are also underway, and extensive research evidence has indicated an inseparable connection between them. Combined with latest literatures and based on inextricable connection of gut-bone axis, this review is aimed to summarize the relation, potential mechanisms, application strategies, clinical application prospects, and existing challenges of gut microbiota and its-related metabolites on osteoporosis, thus updating the knowledge in this research field and providing certain reference for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jia-Can Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Ahmad W, Pishevar N, Cochrane LJ, Reynolds A, Kim J, Korostenskij I, Geiser VL, Carson MD, Warner AJ, Chen P, Yao H, Alekseyenko A, Hathaway-Schrader JD, Novince CM. Antibiotic prophylaxis dysregulates dental implant placement surgery-induced osteoimmune wound healing and attenuates the alveolar bone-implant interface in mice. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1670-1684. [PMID: 37667415 PMCID: PMC10840745 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Antimicrobial-induced shifts in commensal oral microbiota can dysregulate helper T-cell oral immunity to affect osteoclast-osteoblast actions in alveolar bone. Antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly performed with dental implant placement surgery to prevent post-surgical complications. However, antibiotic prophylaxis effects on osteoimmune processes supporting dental implant osseointegration are unknown. The aim of the study was to discern the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on dental implant placement surgery-induced osteoimmune wound healing and osseointegration. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed SHAM or dental implant placement surgery in mice. Groups were administered prophylactic antibiotics (amoxicillin or clindamycin) or vehicle. Gingival bacteriome was assessed via 16S sequencing. Helper T-cell oral immunity was evaluated by flow cytometry. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were assessed via histomorphometry. Implant osseointegration was evaluated by micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Dental implant placement surgery up-regulated TH 1, TH 2 and TREG cells in cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), which infers helper T-cell oral immunity contributes to dental implant placement osseous wound healing. Prophylactic antibiotics with dental implant placement surgery caused a bacterial dysbiosis, suppressed TH 1, TH 2 and TREG cells in CLNs, reduced osteoclasts and osteoblasts lining peri-implant alveolar bone, and attenuated the alveolar bone-implant interface. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic prophylaxis dysregulates dental implant placement surgery-induced osteoimmune wound healing and attenuates the alveolar bone-implant interface in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Novin Pishevar
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Leonard J. Cochrane
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew Reynolds
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Joseph Kim
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ivan Korostenskij
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Vincenza L. Geiser
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Matthew D. Carson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Amy J. Warner
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Alekseyenko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica D. Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Chad M. Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Yamazaki K. Oral-gut axis as a novel biological mechanism linking periodontal disease and systemic diseases: A review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:273-280. [PMID: 37674899 PMCID: PMC10477752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that periodontal disease increases the risk of developing and progressing extraoral manifestations such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The most probable causative mechanism behind this is the influx of bacteria and/or bacterial products (endotoxin) and inflammatory cytokines into the systemic circulation originating from inflamed periodontal tissues. However, recent studies have revealed that oral bacteria, especially periodontopathic bacteria, play a role in inducing dysbiosis of the gut microbiota resulting induction of gut dysbiosis-related pathology associated with systemic diseases. Conversely, the disruption of gut microbiota has been shown to have a negative impact on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Based on our study findings and the available literature, this review presents an overview of the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health, highlighting the mouth-gut connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Gerasco JE, Hathaway‐Schrader JD, Poulides NA, Carson MD, Okhura N, Westwater C, Hatch NE, Novince CM. Commensal Microbiota Effects on Craniofacial Skeletal Growth and Morphology. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10775. [PMID: 37614301 PMCID: PMC10443078 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes colonize anatomical sites in health to form commensal microbial communities (e.g., commensal gut microbiota, commensal skin microbiota, commensal oral microbiota). Commensal microbiota has indirect effects on host growth and maturation through interactions with the host immune system. The commensal microbiota was recently introduced as a novel regulator of skeletal growth and morphology at noncraniofacial sites. Further, we and others have shown that commensal gut microbes, such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), contribute to noncraniofacial skeletal growth and maturation. However, commensal microbiota effects on craniofacial skeletal growth and morphology are unclear. To determine the commensal microbiota's role in craniofacial skeletal growth and morphology, we performed craniometric and bone mineral density analyses on skulls from 9-week-old female C57BL/6T germ-free (GF) mice (no microbes), excluded-flora (EF) specific-pathogen-free mice (commensal microbiota), and murine-pathogen-free (MPF) specific-pathogen-free mice (commensal microbiota with SFB). Investigations comparing EF and GF mice revealed that commensal microbiota impacted the size and shape of the craniofacial skeleton. EF versus GF mice exhibited an elongated gross skull length. Cranial bone length analyses normalized to skull length showed that EF versus GF mice had enhanced frontal bone length and reduced cranial base length. The shortened cranial base in EF mice was attributed to decreased presphenoid, basisphenoid, and basioccipital bone lengths. Investigations comparing MPF mice and EF mice demonstrated that commensal gut microbes played a role in craniofacial skeletal morphology. Cranial bone length analyses normalized to skull length showed that MPF versus EF mice had reduced frontal bone length and increased cranial base length. The elongated cranial base in MPF mice was due to enhanced presphenoid bone length. This work, which introduces the commensal microbiota as a contributor to craniofacial skeletal growth, underscores that noninvasive interventions in the gut microbiome could potentially be employed to modify craniofacial skeletal morphology. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy E. Gerasco
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Stomatology‐Division of Periodontics, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Pediatrics‐Division of Endocrinology, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Orthodontics, Adam's School of DentistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Jessica D. Hathaway‐Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Stomatology‐Division of Periodontics, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Pediatrics‐Division of Endocrinology, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Nicole A. Poulides
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Stomatology‐Division of Periodontics, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Pediatrics‐Division of Endocrinology, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Matthew D. Carson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Stomatology‐Division of Periodontics, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Pediatrics‐Division of Endocrinology, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Naoto Okhura
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Nan E. Hatch
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Chad M. Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Stomatology‐Division of Periodontics, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Pediatrics‐Division of Endocrinology, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
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Kuhn MB, VandenBerg HS, Reynolds AJ, Carson MD, Warner AJ, LaRue AC, Novince CM, Hathaway-Schrader JD. C3a-C3aR signaling is a novel modulator of skeletal homeostasis. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101662. [PMID: 36860797 PMCID: PMC9969257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmune studies have identified complement signaling as an important regulator of the skeleton. Specifically, complement anaphylatoxin receptors (i.e., C3aR, C5aR) are expressed on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, implying that C3a and/or C5a may be candidate mediators of skeletal homeostasis. The study aimed to determine how complement signaling influences bone modeling/remodeling in the young skeleton. Female C57BL/6J C3aR-/-C5aR-/- vs. wildtype and C3aR-/- vs. wildtype mice were examined at age 10 weeks. Trabecular and cortical bone parameters were analyzed by micro-CT. In situ osteoblast and osteoclast outcomes were determined by histomorphometry. Osteoblast and osteoclast precursors were assessed in vitro. C3aR-/-C5aR-/- mice displayed an increased trabecular bone phenotype at age 10 weeks. In vitro studies revealed C3aR-/-C5aR-/- vs. wildtype cultures had less bone-resorbing osteoclasts and increased bone-forming osteoblasts, which were validated in vivo. To determine whether C3aR alone was critical for the enhanced skeletal outcomes, wildtype vs. C3aR-/- mice were evaluated for osseous tissue outcomes. Paralleling skeletal findings in C3aR-/-C5aR-/- mice, C3aR-/- vs. wildtype mice had an enhanced trabecular bone volume fraction, which was attributed to increased trabecular number. There was elevated osteoblast activity and suppressed osteoclastic cells in C3aR-/- vs. wildtype mice. Furthermore, primary osteoblasts derived from wildtype mice were stimulated with exogenous C3a, which more profoundly upregulated C3ar1 and the pro-osteoclastic chemokine Cxcl1. This study introduces the C3a/C3aR signaling axis as a novel regulator of the young skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Kuhn
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hayden S. VandenBerg
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew J. Reynolds
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Matthew D. Carson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Div. of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Div. of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Amy J. Warner
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Div. of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Div. of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Amanda C. LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Chad M. Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Div. of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Div. of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jessica D. Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Stomatology-Div. of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Oral-Gut Microbiota, Periodontal Diseases, and Arthritis: Literature Overview on the Role of Probiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054626. [PMID: 36902056 PMCID: PMC10003001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are oral inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues supporting and surrounding the teeth and include gingivitis and periodontitis. Oral pathogens may lead to microbial products spreading into the systemic circulation and reaching distant organs, while periodontal diseases have been related to low-grade systemic inflammation. Gut and oral microbiota alterations might play a role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including arthritis, considering the role of the gut-joint axis in the regulation of molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions. In this scenario, it is hypothesized that probiotics might contribute to the oral and intestinal micro-ecological balance and could reduce low-grade inflammation typical of periodontal diseases and arthritis. This literature overview aims to summarize state-of-the-art ideas about linkages among oral-gut microbiota, periodontal diseases, and arthritis, while investigating the role of probiotics as a potential therapeutic intervention for the management of both oral diseases and musculoskeletal disorders.
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Fraser D, Ganesan SM. Microbiome, alveolar bone, and metabolites: Connecting the dots. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1074339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome (OM) is a diverse and dynamic collection of species, separated from alveolar bone by the oral mucosa. Pathogenic shifts in the OM (dysbiosis) during periodontitis are associated with an inflammatory response in the oral mucosa that drives alveolar bone resorption. Alveolar bone is also affected by metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis. Accumulating evidence has linked another microbial community, the gut microbiome (GM), to systemic bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Underlying this connection is the biologic activity of metabolites, byproducts of host and bacterial activity. Limited evidence also suggests that metabolites in the oral cavity signal between the OM and immune system, influencing both alveolar bone homeostasis and pathologic bone destruction in periodontitis. While the oral cavity and gut are connected through the gastrointestinal tract, dissimilar roles for known metabolites between these two niches exemplify the difficulty in translating knowledge on gut-derived metabolites and bone metabolism to alveolar bone. Integrated metabolomic, transcriptomic, and metagenomic approaches hold promise for resolving these challenges and identifying novel metabolites which impact alveolar bone health. Further interrogation through mechanistic testing in pre-clinical models and carefully controlled clinical studies have potential to lead toward translation of these discoveries into meaningful therapies.
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Aggor FE, Bertolini M, Zhou C, Taylor TC, Abbott DA, Musgrove J, Bruno VM, Hand TW, Gaffen SL. A gut-oral microbiome-driven axis controls oropharyngeal candidiasis through retinoic acid. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e160348. [PMID: 36134659 PMCID: PMC9675558 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A side effect of antibiotics is outgrowth of the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans in the oropharynx (oropharyngeal candidiasis, OPC). IL-17 signaling is vital for immunity to OPC, but how the microbiome impacts antifungal immunity is not well understood. Mice in standard specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions are resistant to OPC, whereas we show that germ-free (GF) or antibiotic-treated mice are susceptible. Oral type 17 cells and IL-17-dependent responses were impaired in antibiotic-treated and GF mice. Susceptibility could be rescued in GF mice by mono-colonization with segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB), an intestine-specific constituent of the microbiota. SFB protection was accompanied by restoration of oral IL-17+CD4+ T cells and gene signatures characteristic of IL-17 signaling. Additionally, RNA-Seq revealed induction of genes in the retinoic acid (RA) and RA receptor-α (RARα) pathway. Administration of RA rescued immunity to OPC in microbiome-depleted or GF mice, while RAR inhibition caused susceptibility in immunocompetent animals. Surprisingly, immunity to OPC was independent of serum amyloids. Moreover, RAR inhibition did not alter oral type 17 cytokine levels. Thus, mono-colonization with a component of the intestinal microflora confers protection against OPC by type 17 and RA/RARα, which act in parallel to promote antifungal immunity. In principle, manipulation of the microbiome could be harnessed to maintain antifungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix E.Y. Aggor
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chunsheng Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Tiffany C. Taylor
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Darryl A. Abbott
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Javonn Musgrove
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vincent M. Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy W. Hand
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah L. Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
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