1
|
Floerchinger A, Seiffert M. Lessons learned from the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model of CLL. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:194-200. [PMID: 38839457 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The Eµ-TCL1 mouse model has been used for over 20 years to study the pathobiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and for preclinical testing of novel therapies. A CLL-like disease develops with increasing age in these mice due to a B cell specific overexpression of human TCL1. The reliability of this model to mirror human CLL is controversially discussed, as none of the known driver mutations identified in patients are found in Eµ-TCL1 mice. It has to be acknowledged that this mouse model was key to develop targeted therapies that aim at inhibiting the constitutive B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, a main driver of CLL. Inhibitors of BCR signaling became standard-of-care for a large proportion of patients with CLL as they are highly effective. The Eµ-TCL1 model further advanced our understanding of CLL biology owed to studies that crossed this mouse line with various transgenic mouse models and demonstrated the relevance of CLL-cell intrinsic and -extrinsic drivers of disease. These studies were instrumental in showing the relevance of the tumor microenvironment in the lymphoid tissues for disease progression and immune escape in CLL. It became clear that CLL cells shape and rely on stromal and immune cells, and that immune suppressive mechanisms and T cell exhaustion contribute to CLL progression. Based on this knowledge, new immunotherapy strategies were clinically tested for CLL, but so far with disappointing results. As some of these therapies were effective in the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model, the question arose concerning the translatability of preclinical studies in these mice. The aim of this review is to summarize lessons we have learnt over the last decades by studying CLL-like disease in the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model. The article focuses on pitfalls and limitations of the model, as well as the gained knowledge and potential of using this model for the development of novel treatment strategies to achieve the goal of curing patients with CLL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Mice
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Mice, Transgenic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Floerchinger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernandez Botana I, Gonder S, Klapp V, Moussay E, Paggetti J. Eμ-TCL1 adoptive transfer mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 188:109-129. [PMID: 38880520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite being the most common adult leukemia in the western world, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) remains a life-threatening and incurable disease. Efforts to develop new treatments are highly dependent on the availability of appropriate mouse models for pre-clinical testing. The Eμ-TCL1 mouse model is the most established pre-clinical approach to study CLL pathobiology and response to treatment, backed by numerous studies highlighting its resemblance to the most aggressive form of this malignancy. In contrast to the transgenic Eμ-TCL1 model, employing the adoptive transfer of Eμ-TCL1-derived splenocytes in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice results in a comparably rapid (e.g., leukemic development within weeks compared to months in the transgenic model) and reliable model mimicking CLL. In this chapter, we would like to provide readers with a thoroughly optimized, detailed, and comprehensive protocol to use the adoptive transfer Eμ-TCL1 model in their research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iria Fernandez Botana
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Susanne Gonder
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Vanessa Klapp
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Jerome Paggetti
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Playa-Albinyana H, Arenas F, Royo R, Giró A, López-Oreja I, Aymerich M, López-Guerra M, Frigola G, Beà S, Delgado J, Garcia-Roves PM, Campo E, Nadeu F, Colomer D. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient-derived xenografts recapitulate clonal evolution to Richter transformation. Leukemia 2024; 38:557-569. [PMID: 38017105 PMCID: PMC10912031 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell neoplasm with a heterogeneous clinical behavior. In 5-10% of patients the disease transforms into a diffuse large-B cell lymphoma known as Richter transformation (RT), which is associated with dismal prognosis. Here, we aimed to establish patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to study the molecular features and evolution of CLL and RT. We generated two PDXs by injecting CLL (PDX12) and RT (PDX19) cells into immunocompromised NSG mice. Both PDXs were morphologically and phenotypically similar to RT. Whole-genome sequencing analysis at different time points of the PDX evolution revealed a genomic landscape similar to RT tumors from both patients and uncovered an unprecedented RT subclonal heterogeneity and clonal evolution during PDX generation. In PDX12, the transformed cells expanded from a very small subclone already present at the CLL stage. Transcriptomic analysis of PDXs showed a high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and low B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling similar to the RT in the patients. IACS-010759, an OXPHOS inhibitor, reduced proliferation, and circumvented resistance to venetoclax. In summary, we have generated new RT-PDX models, one of them from CLL cells that mimicked the evolution of CLL to RT uncovering intrinsic features of RT cells of therapeutical value.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Animals
- Mice
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Heterografts
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Clonal Evolution/genetics
- Prognosis
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heribert Playa-Albinyana
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Arenas
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Royo
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Giró
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene López-Oreja
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Aymerich
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica López-Guerra
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Frigola
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Pathology of Lymphoid Neoplasms Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Beà
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Pathology of Lymphoid Neoplasms Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Lymphoid Neoplasms Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo M Garcia-Roves
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elías Campo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Pathology of Lymphoid Neoplasms Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Pathology of Lymphoid Neoplasms Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coyne V, Mead HL, Mongini PKA, Barker BM. B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Development in Mice with Chronic Lung Exposure to Coccidioides Fungal Arthroconidia. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:333-352. [PMID: 37195872 PMCID: PMC10579974 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Links between repeated microbial infections and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have been proposed but not tested directly. This study examines how prolonged exposure to a human fungal pathogen impacts B-CLL development in Eµ-hTCL1-transgenic mice. Monthly lung exposure to inactivated Coccidioides arthroconidia, agents of Valley fever, altered leukemia development in a species-specific manner, with Coccidioides posadasii hastening B-CLL diagnosis/progression in a fraction of mice and Coccidioides immitis delaying aggressive B-CLL development, despite fostering more rapid monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis. Overall survival did not differ significantly between control and C. posadasii-treated cohorts but was significantly extended in C. immitis-exposed mice. In vivo doubling time analyses of pooled B-CLL showed no difference in growth rates of early and late leukemias. However, within C. immitis-treated mice, B-CLL manifests longer doubling times, as compared with B-CLL in control or C. posadasii-treated mice, and/or evidence of clonal contraction over time. Through linear regression, positive relationships were noted between circulating levels of CD5+/B220low B cells and hematopoietic cells previously linked to B-CLL growth, albeit in a cohort-specific manner. Neutrophils were positively linked to accelerated growth in mice exposed to either Coccidioides species, but not in control mice. Conversely, only C. posadasii-exposed and control cohorts displayed positive links between CD5+/B220low B cell frequency and abundance of M2 anti-inflammatory monocytes and T cells. The current study provides evidence that chronic lung exposure to fungal arthroconidia affects B-CLL development in a manner dependent on fungal genotype. Correlative studies suggest that fungal species differences in the modulation of nonleukemic hematopoietic cells are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Coyne
- Pathogen Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Heather L. Mead
- Pathogen Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | | | - Bridget M. Barker
- Pathogen Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vaisband M, Schubert M, Gassner FJ, Geisberger R, Greil R, Zaborsky N, Hasenauer J. Validation of genetic variants from NGS data using deep convolutional neural networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:158. [PMID: 37081386 PMCID: PMC10116675 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate somatic variant calling from next-generation sequencing data is one most important tasks in personalised cancer therapy. The sophistication of the available technologies is ever-increasing, yet, manual candidate refinement is still a necessary step in state-of-the-art processing pipelines. This limits reproducibility and introduces a bottleneck with respect to scalability. We demonstrate that the validation of genetic variants can be improved using a machine learning approach resting on a Convolutional Neural Network, trained using existing human annotation. In contrast to existing approaches, we introduce a way in which contextual data from sequencing tracks can be included into the automated assessment. A rigorous evaluation shows that the resulting model is robust and performs on par with trained researchers following published standard operating procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vaisband
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR); Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Maria Schubert
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR); Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz Josef Gassner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR); Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Geisberger
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR); Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR); Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR); Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Öztürk S, Paul Y, Afzal S, Gil-Farina I, Jauch A, Bruch PM, Kalter V, Hanna B, Arseni L, Roessner PM, Schmidt M, Stilgenbauer S, Dietrich S, Lichter P, Zapatka M, Seiffert M. Longitudinal analyses of CLL in mice identify leukemia-related clonal changes including a Myc gain predicting poor outcome in patients. Leukemia 2022; 36:464-475. [PMID: 34417556 PMCID: PMC8807396 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy mainly occurring at an advanced age with no single major genetic driver. Transgenic expression of TCL1 in B cells leads after a long latency to a CLL-like disease in aged Eµ-TCL1 mice suggesting that TCL1 overexpression is not sufficient for full leukemic transformation. In search for secondary genetic events and to elucidate the clonal evolution of CLL, we performed whole exome and B-cell receptor sequencing of longitudinal leukemia samples of Eµ-TCL1 mice. We observed a B-cell receptor stereotypy, as described in patients, confirming that CLL is an antigen-driven disease. Deep sequencing showed that leukemia in Eµ-TCL1 mice is mostly monoclonal. Rare oligoclonality was associated with inability of tumors to develop disease upon adoptive transfer in mice. In addition, we identified clonal changes and a sequential acquisition of mutations with known relevance in CLL, which highlights the genetic similarities and therefore, suitability of the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model for progressive CLL. Among them, a recurrent gain of chromosome 15, where Myc is located, was identified in almost all tumors in Eµ-TCL1 mice. Interestingly, amplification of 8q24, the chromosomal region containing MYC in humans, was associated with worse outcome of patients with CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selcen Öztürk
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yashna Paul
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saira Afzal
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- GeneWerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Gil-Farina
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- GeneWerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter-Martin Bruch
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Kalter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bola Hanna
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lavinia Arseni
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp M Roessner
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- GeneWerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kwok M, Wu CJ. Clonal Evolution of High-Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Contemporary Perspective. Front Oncol 2021; 11:790004. [PMID: 34976831 PMCID: PMC8716560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.790004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal evolution represents the natural process through which cancer cells continuously search for phenotypic advantages that enable them to develop and expand within microenvironmental constraints. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), clonal evolution underpins leukemic progression and therapeutic resistance, with differences in clonal evolutionary dynamics accounting for its characteristically diverse clinical course. The past few years have witnessed profound changes in our understanding of CLL clonal evolution, facilitated by a maturing definition of high-risk CLL and an increasing sophistication of next-generation sequencing technology. In this review, we offer a modern perspective on clonal evolution of high-risk CLL, highlighting recent discoveries, paradigm shifts and unresolved questions. We appraise recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of CLL clonal evolution, focusing on the genetic and non-genetic sources of intratumoral heterogeneity, as well as tumor-immune dynamics. We review the technological innovations, particularly in single-cell technology, which have fostered these advances and represent essential tools for future discoveries. In addition, we discuss clonal evolution within several contexts of particular relevance to contemporary clinical practice, including the settings of therapeutic resistance to CLL targeted therapy and immunotherapy, as well as Richter transformation of CLL to high-grade lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Kwok
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dawes JC, Uren AG. Forward and Reverse Genetics of B Cell Malignancies: From Insertional Mutagenesis to CRISPR-Cas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670280. [PMID: 34484175 PMCID: PMC8414522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer genome sequencing has identified dozens of mutations with a putative role in lymphomagenesis and leukemogenesis. Validation of driver mutations responsible for B cell neoplasms is complicated by the volume of mutations worthy of investigation and by the complex ways that multiple mutations arising from different stages of B cell development can cooperate. Forward and reverse genetic strategies in mice can provide complementary validation of human driver genes and in some cases comparative genomics of these models with human tumors has directed the identification of new drivers in human malignancies. We review a collection of forward genetic screens performed using insertional mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis and exome sequencing and discuss how the high coverage of subclonal mutations in insertional mutagenesis screens can identify cooperating mutations at rates not possible using human tumor genomes. We also compare a set of independently conducted screens from Pax5 mutant mice that converge upon a common set of mutations observed in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We also discuss reverse genetic models and screens that use CRISPR-Cas, ORFs and shRNAs to provide high throughput in vivo proof of oncogenic function, with an emphasis on models using adoptive transfer of ex vivo cultured cells. Finally, we summarize mouse models that offer temporal regulation of candidate genes in an in vivo setting to demonstrate the potential of their encoded proteins as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Dawes
- Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Uren
- Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Steiner M, Gassner FJ, Parigger T, Neureiter D, Egle A, Geisberger R, Greil R, Zaborsky N. A POLE Splice Site Deletion Detected in a Patient with Biclonal CLL and Prostate Cancer: A Case Report. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179410. [PMID: 34502317 PMCID: PMC8431722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is considered a clonal B cell malignancy. Sporadically, CLL cases with multiple productive heavy and light-chain rearrangements were detected, thus leading to a bi- or oligoclonal CLL disease with leukemic cells originating either from different B cells or otherwise descending from secondary immunoglobulin rearrangement events. This suggests a potential role of clonal hematopoiesis or germline predisposition in these cases. During the screening of 75 CLL cases for kappa and lambda light-chain rearrangements, we could detect a single case with CLL cells expressing two distinct kappa and lambda light chains paired with two separate immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable regions. Furthermore, this patient also developed a prostate carcinoma. Targeted genome sequencing of highly purified light-chain specific CLL clones from this patient and from the prostate carcinoma revealed the presence of a rare germline polymorphism in the POLE gene. Hence, our data suggest that the detected SNP may predispose for cancer, particularly for CLL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- DNA Polymerase II/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Prognosis
- Prostatic Neoplasms/complications
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Steiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (T.P.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Franz J. Gassner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (T.P.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Thomas Parigger
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (T.P.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (R.G.)
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Alexander Egle
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (T.P.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Roland Geisberger
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (T.P.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (T.P.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (T.P.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morande PE, Yan XJ, Sepulveda J, Seija N, Marquez ME, Sotelo N, Abreu C, Crispo M, Fernández-Graña G, Rego N, Bois T, Methot SP, Palacios F, Remedi V, Rai KR, Buschiazzo A, Di Noia JM, Navarrete MA, Chiorazzi N, Oppezzo P. AID overexpression leads to aggressive murine CLL and nonimmunoglobulin mutations that mirror human neoplasms. Blood 2021; 138:246-258. [PMID: 34292322 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancers become more dangerous by the outgrowth of malignant subclones with additional DNA mutations that favor proliferation or survival. Using chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a disease that exemplifies this process and is a model for neoplasms in general, we created transgenic mice overexpressing the enzyme activation-induced deaminase (AID), which has a normal function of inducing DNA mutations in B lymphocytes. AID not only allows normal B lymphocytes to develop more effective immunoglobulin-mediated immunity, but is also able to mutate nonimmunoglobulin genes, predisposing to cancer. In CLL, AID expression correlates with poor prognosis, suggesting a role for this enzyme in disease progression. Nevertheless, direct experimental evidence identifying the specific genes that are mutated by AID and indicating that those genes are associated with disease progression is not available. To address this point, we overexpressed Aicda in a murine model of CLL (Eμ-TCL1). Analyses of TCL1/AID mice demonstrate a role for AID in disease kinetics, CLL cell proliferation, and the development of cancer-related target mutations with canonical AID signatures in nonimmunoglobulin genes. Notably, our mouse models can accumulate mutations in the same genes that are mutated in human cancers. Moreover, some of these mutations occur at homologous positions, leading to identical or chemically similar amino acid substitutions as in human CLL and lymphoma. Together, these findings support a direct link between aberrant AID activity and CLL driver mutations that are then selected for their oncogenic effects, whereby AID promotes aggressiveness in CLL and other B-cell neoplasms.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cytidine Deaminase/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Elías Morande
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Oncológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Xiao-Jie Yan
- The Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Julieta Sepulveda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centro Asistencial Docente e Investigación de la Universidad de Magallanes (CADI-UMAG), School of Medicine, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Noé Seija
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Elena Marquez
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Sotelo
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Abreu
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Natalia Rego
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Therence Bois
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen P Methot
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Florencia Palacios
- The Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Victoria Remedi
- Hospital Maciel, Administración de los Servicios de Salud del Estado (ASSE), Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Kanti R Rai
- The Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Alejandro Buschiazzo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; and
- Integrative Microbiology of Zoonotic Agents-International Joint Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Javier M Di Noia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo A Navarrete
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centro Asistencial Docente e Investigación de la Universidad de Magallanes (CADI-UMAG), School of Medicine, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Pablo Oppezzo
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun Z, Liu Y, Ouyang Q, Liu Z, Liu Y. Research progress of omics technology in the field of tumor resistance: From single -omics to multi -omics combination application. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:620-627. [PMID: 34275931 PMCID: PMC10930197 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is the main obstacle in the treatment of many cancers. It is of great clinical significance to study the mechanism of drug resistance and find new targets. Multi-omics mainly includes genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and radiomics. In recent years, the research of tumor resistance has made rapid development, which has significantly accelerated the discovery of new targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze'en Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qianying Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yingzi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Parigger T, Gassner FJ, Scherhäufl C, Bakar AA, Höpner JP, Hödlmoser A, Steiner M, Catakovic K, Geisberger R, Greil R, Zaborsky N. Evidence for Non-Cancer-Specific T Cell Exhaustion in the Tcl1 Mouse Model for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136648. [PMID: 34206229 PMCID: PMC8268419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reinvigoration of anti-cancer immunity by immune checkpoint therapies has greatly improved cancer treatment. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), patients as well as in the Tcl1 mouse model for CLL, PD1-expressing, exhausted T cells significantly expand alongside CLL development; nevertheless, PD1 inhibition has no clinical benefit. Hence, exhausted T cells are either not activatable by simple PD1 blocking in CLL and/or only an insufficient number of exhausted T cells are CLL-specific. In this study, we examined the latter hypothesis by exploiting the Tcl1 transgenic CLL mouse model in combination with TCR transgene expression specific for a non-cancer antigen. Following CLL tumor development, increased PD1 levels were detected on non-CLL specific T cells that seem dependent on the presence of (tumor-) antigen-specific T cells. Transcriptome analysis confirmed a similar exhaustion phenotype of non-CLL specific and endogenous PD1pos T cells. Our results indicate that in the CLL mouse model, a substantial fraction of non-CLL specific T cells becomes exhausted during disease progression in a bystander effect. These findings have important implications for the general efficacy assessment of immune checkpoint therapies in CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Parigger
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz Josef Gassner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Christian Scherhäufl
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Aryunni Abu Bakar
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Philip Höpner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Hödlmoser
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Markus Steiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Kemal Catakovic
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Roland Geisberger
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (N.Z.)
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute—Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.P.); (F.J.G.); (C.S.); (A.A.B.); (J.P.H.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (K.C.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (N.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Playa-Albinyana H, Arenas F, Colomer D. Advantages and disadvantages of mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1085-1090. [PMID: 34074187 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1935860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heribert Playa-Albinyana
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Cáncer (CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Arenas
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Cáncer (CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Cáncer (CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schubert M, Gassner FJ, Huemer M, Höpner JP, Akimova E, Steiner M, Egle A, Greil R, Zaborsky N, Geisberger R. AID Contributes to Accelerated Disease Progression in the TCL1 Mouse Transplant Model for CLL. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112619. [PMID: 34073525 PMCID: PMC8198502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, frequently acquire consecutive somatic mutations in the genome, which contribute to disease progression and treatment resistance. Activation-induced deaminase is an enzyme responsible for generating the highly diverse B cell repertoire but it can also induce substantial collateral damage within the genome of cells. Hence, it is important to assess whether AID contributes to cancer mutations and to the course of disease. This research shows that AID contributes to the acquisition of somatic cancer-specific mutations in a mouse model for chronic lymphocytic leukemia reflected in prolonged overall survival of leukemic mice lacking AID expression. These data should initiate future studies to assess the effect of AID inhibition on the occurrence of drug resistance. Abstract Adaptive somatic mutations conferring treatment resistance and accelerated disease progression is still a major problem in cancer therapy. Additionally in CLL, patients receiving novel, efficient drugs frequently become treatment refractory and eventually relapse. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is a cytosine deaminase that catalyzes somatic hypermutation of genomic DNA at the immunoglobulin locus in activated B cells. As considerable off-target mutations by AID have been discerned in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, it is essential to investigate to which extent these mutations contribute to disease progression to estimate whether AID inhibition could counteract drug resistance mechanisms. In this study, we examined the TCL1 mouse model for CLL on an AID pro- and deficient background by comparing disease development and mutational landscapes. We provide evidence that AID contributes to the acquisition of somatic cancer-specific mutations also in the TCL1 model and accelerates CLL development particularly in the transplant setting. We conclude that AID is directly determining the fitness of the CLL clone, which prompts further studies to assess the effect of AID inhibition on the occurrence of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schubert
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (M.H.); (J.P.H.); (E.A.); (M.S.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (N.Z.)
| | - Franz Josef Gassner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (M.H.); (J.P.H.); (E.A.); (M.S.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (N.Z.)
| | - Michael Huemer
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (M.H.); (J.P.H.); (E.A.); (M.S.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Philip Höpner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (M.H.); (J.P.H.); (E.A.); (M.S.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ekaterina Akimova
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (M.H.); (J.P.H.); (E.A.); (M.S.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Steiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (M.H.); (J.P.H.); (E.A.); (M.S.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (N.Z.)
| | - Alexander Egle
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (M.H.); (J.P.H.); (E.A.); (M.S.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (N.Z.)
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (M.H.); (J.P.H.); (E.A.); (M.S.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (M.H.); (J.P.H.); (E.A.); (M.S.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (N.Z.)
| | - Roland Geisberger
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (F.J.G.); (M.H.); (J.P.H.); (E.A.); (M.S.); (A.E.); (R.G.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Active Akt signaling triggers CLL toward Richter transformation via overactivation of Notch1. Blood 2021; 137:646-660. [PMID: 33538798 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Richter's transformation (RT) is an aggressive lymphoma that occurs upon progression from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Transformation has been associated with genetic aberrations in the CLL phase involving TP53, CDKN2A, MYC, and NOTCH1; however, a significant proportion of RT cases lack CLL phase-associated events. Here, we report that high levels of AKT phosphorylation occur both in high-risk CLL patients harboring TP53 and NOTCH1 mutations as well as in patients with RT. Genetic overactivation of Akt in the murine Eµ-TCL1 CLL mouse model resulted in CLL transformation to RT with significantly reduced survival and an aggressive lymphoma phenotype. In the absence of recurrent mutations, we identified a profile of genomic aberrations intermediate between CLL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Multiomics assessment by phosphoproteomic/proteomic and single-cell transcriptomic profiles of this Akt-induced murine RT revealed an S100 protein-defined subcluster of highly aggressive lymphoma cells that developed from CLL cells, through activation of Notch via Notch ligand expressed by T cells. Constitutively active Notch1 similarly induced RT of murine CLL. We identify Akt activation as an initiator of CLL transformation toward aggressive lymphoma by inducing Notch signaling between RT cells and microenvironmental T cells.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mahajan VS, Mattoo H, Sun N, Viswanadham V, Yuen GJ, Allard-Chamard H, Ahmad M, Murphy SJH, Cariappa A, Tuncay Y, Pillai S. B1a and B2 cells are characterized by distinct CpG modification states at DNMT3A-maintained enhancers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2208. [PMID: 33850140 PMCID: PMC8044213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The B1 and B2 lineages of B cells contribute to protection from pathogens in distinct ways. The role of the DNA CpG methylome in specifying these two B-cell fates is still unclear. Here we profile the CpG modifications and transcriptomes of peritoneal B1a and follicular B2 cells, as well as their respective proB cell precursors in the fetal liver and adult bone marrow from wild-type and CD19-Cre Dnmt3a floxed mice lacking DNMT3A in the B lineage. We show that an underlying foundational CpG methylome is stably established during B lineage commitment and is overlaid with a DNMT3A-maintained dynamic methylome that is sculpted in distinct ways in B1a and B2 cells. This dynamic DNMT3A-maintained methylome is composed of novel enhancers that are closely linked to lineage-specific genes. While DNMT3A maintains the methylation state of these enhancers in both B1a and B2 cells, the dynamic methylome undergoes a prominent programmed demethylation event during B1a but not B2 cell development. We propose that the methylation pattern of DNMT3A-maintained enhancers is determined by the coincident recruitment of DNMT3A and TET enzymes, which regulate the developmental expression of B1a and B2 lineage-specific genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay S Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hamid Mattoo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Na Sun
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vinayak Viswanadham
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace J Yuen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Maimuna Ahmad
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Yesim Tuncay
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Märklin M, Fuchs AR, Tandler C, Heitmann JS, Salih HR, Kauer J, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Wirths S, Kopp HG, Müller MR. Genetic Loss of LCK Kinase Leads to Acceleration of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1995. [PMID: 32983140 PMCID: PMC7492521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibit an indolent disease course and unresponsive B cell receptors (BCRs) exemplified by an anergic phenotype of their leukemic cells. In up to 5% of patients, CLL transforms from an indolent subtype to an aggressive form of B cell lymphoma (Richter's syndrome), which is associated with worse disease outcome and severe downregulation of NFAT2. Here we show that ablation of the tyrosine kinase LCK, which has previously been characterized as a main NFAT2 target gene in CLL, leads to loss of the anergic phenotype, thereby restoring BCR signaling, which results in an acceleration of CLL. Our study identifies LCK as a main player in mediating BCR unresponsiveness and its role as a crucial regulator of anergy in CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Märklin
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander R Fuchs
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Tandler
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S Heitmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Kauer
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Wirths
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kopp
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Oncology and Thoracic Oncology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin R Müller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Klinikum Region Hannover, KRH Klinikum Siloah, Hanover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koch M, Reinartz S, Saggau J, Knittel G, Rosen N, Fedorchenko O, Thelen L, Barthel R, Reinart N, Seeger-Nukpezah T, Reinhardt HC, Hallek M, Nguyen PH. Meta-Analysis Reveals Significant Sex Differences in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Progression in the Eµ-TCL1 Transgenic Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071980. [PMID: 32698538 PMCID: PMC7409315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eµ-TCL1 transgenic mouse model represents the most widely and extensively used animal model for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this report, we performed a meta-analysis of leukemia progression in over 300 individual Eµ-TCL1 transgenic mice and discovered a significantly accelerated disease progression in females compared to males. This difference is also reflected in an aggressive CLL mouse model with additional deletion of Tp53 besides the TCL1 transgene. Moreover, after serial adoptive transplantation of murine CLL cells, female recipients also succumbed to CLL earlier than male recipients. This sex-related disparity in the murine models is markedly contradictory to the human CLL condition. Thus, due to our observation we urge both careful consideration in the experimental design and accurate description of the Eµ-TCL1 transgenic cohorts in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Koch
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Sebastian Reinartz
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Julia Saggau
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Gero Knittel
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Natascha Rosen
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Oleg Fedorchenko
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Lisa Thelen
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Romy Barthel
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Nina Reinart
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Tamina Seeger-Nukpezah
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
- Clinic for Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Phuong-Hien Nguyen
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (G.K.); (N.R.); (O.F.); (L.T.); (R.B.); (N.R.); (T.S.-N.); (H.C.R.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-84120; Fax: +49-221-478-84115
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
B-cell-specific IRF4 deletion accelerates chronic lymphocytic leukemia development by enhanced tumor immune evasion. Blood 2020; 134:1717-1729. [PMID: 31537531 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogenous disease that is highly dependent on a cross talk of CLL cells with the microenvironment, in particular with T cells. T cells derived from CLL patients or murine CLL models are skewed to an antigen-experienced T-cell subset, indicating a certain degree of antitumor recognition, but they are also exhausted, preventing an effective antitumor immune response. Here we describe a novel mechanism of CLL tumor immune evasion that is independent of T-cell exhaustion, using B-cell-specific deletion of the transcription factor IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) in Tcl-1 transgenic mice developing a murine CLL highly similar to the human disease. We show enhanced CLL disease progression in IRF4-deficient Tcl-1 tg mice, associated with a severe downregulation of genes involved in T-cell activation, including genes involved in antigen processing/presentation and T-cell costimulation, which massively reduced T-cell subset skewing and exhaustion. We found a strong analogy in the human disease, with inferior prognosis of CLL patients with low IRF4 expression in independent CLL patient cohorts, failed T-cell skewing to antigen-experienced subsets, decreased costimulation capacity, and downregulation of genes involved in T-cell activation. These results have therapeutic relevance because our findings on molecular mechanisms of immune privilege may be responsible for the failure of immune-therapeutic strategies in CLL and may lead to improved targeting in the future.
Collapse
|
20
|
Parigger T, Greil R, Zaborsky N. Mouse models to decipher anti-tumor immunity. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5005-5006. [PMID: 31489109 PMCID: PMC6707950 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Parigger
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|