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Shenoy US, Adiga D, Alhedyan F, Kabekkodu SP, Radhakrishnan R. HOXA9 transcription factor is a double-edged sword: from development to cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:709-728. [PMID: 38062297 PMCID: PMC11156722 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The HOXA9 transcription factor serves as a molecular orchestrator in cancer stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and generation of the tumor microenvironment in hematological and solid malignancies. However, the multiple modes of regulation, multifaceted functions, and context-dependent interactions responsible for the dual role of HOXA9 as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in cancer remain obscure. Hence, unravelling its molecular complexities, binding partners, and interacting signaling molecules enables us to comprehend HOXA9-mediated transcriptional programs and molecular crosstalk. However, it is imperative to understand its central role in fundamental biological processes such as embryogenesis, foetus implantation, hematopoiesis, endothelial cell proliferation, and tissue homeostasis before designing targeted therapies. Indeed, it presents an enormous challenge for clinicians to selectively target its oncogenic functions or restore tumor-suppressive role without altering normal cellular functions. In addition to its implications in cancer, the present review also focuses on the clinical applications of HOXA9 in recurrence and drug resistance, which may provide a broader understanding beyond oncology, open new avenues for clinicians for accurate diagnoses, and develop personalized treatment strategies. Furthermore, we have also discussed the existing therapeutic options and accompanying challenges in HOXA9-targeted therapies in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sangeetha Shenoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Faisal Alhedyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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2
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Cen Q, Chen J, Guo J, Chen M, Wang H, Wu S, Zhang H, Xie X, Li Y. CLPs-miR-103a-2-5p inhibits proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis in AML cells by targeting LILRB3 and Nrf2/HO-1 axis, regulating CD8 + T cell response. J Transl Med 2024; 22:278. [PMID: 38486250 PMCID: PMC10938737 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LILRB3, a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B (LILRB) family, has immunosuppressive functions and directly regulates cancer development, which indicates that LILRB3 is an attractive target for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Novel therapeutic treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are urgent and important, and RNA therapeutics including microRNAs (miRNAs) could be an effective option. Here, we investigate the role of dysregulated miRNA targeting LILRB3 in the AML microenvironment. METHODS Potential miRNAs binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the LILRB3 mRNA were predicted by bioinformatics websites. Then, we screened miRNAs targeting LILRB3 by quantitative real-time PCR, and the dual luciferase reporter assay. The expression of LILRB3 and microRNA (miR)-103a-2-5p in AML were determined and then their interactions were also analyzed. In vitro, the effects of miR-103a-2-5p were determined by CCK8, colony formation assay, and transwell assay, while cell apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cationic liposomes (CLPs) were used for the delivery of miR-103a-2-5p in the AML mouse model, which was to validate the potential roles of miR-103a-2-5p in vivo. RESULTS LILRB3 was upregulated in AML cells while miR-103a-2-5p was dramatically downregulated. Thus, a negative correlation was found between them. MiR-103a-2-5p directly targeted LILRB3 in AML cells. Overexpressed miR-103a-2-5p significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of LILRB3, thereby inhibiting AML cell growth and reducing CD8 + T cell apoptosis. In addition, overexpressed miR-103a-2-5p reduced both the relative expression of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-related proteins and the ratio of GSH/ROS, leading to the excessive intracellular ROS that may promote AML cell apoptosis. In the mouse model, the delivery of miR-103a-2-5p through CLPs could inhibit tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS MiR-103a-2-5p serves as a tumor suppressor that could inhibit AML cell proliferation and promote their apoptosis by downregulating LILRB3 expression, suppressing the Nrf2/HO-1 axis, and reducing the ratio of GSH/ROS. Besides, our findings indicate that miR-103a-2-5p may enhance the CD8 + T cell response by inhibiting LILRB3 expression. Therefore, the delivery of miR-103a-2-5p through CLPs could be useful for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Cen
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Aryal S, Lu R. HOXA9 Regulome and Pharmacological Interventions in Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:405-430. [PMID: 39017854 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
HOXA9, an important transcription factor (TF) in hematopoiesis, is aberrantly expressed in numerous cases of both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is a strong indicator of poor prognosis in patients. HOXA9 is a proto-oncogene which is both sufficient and necessary for leukemia transformation. HOXA9 expression in leukemia correlates with patient survival outcomes and response to therapy. Chromosomal transformations (such as NUP98-HOXA9), mutations, epigenetic dysregulation (e.g., MLL- MENIN -LEDGF complex or DOT1L/KMT4), transcription factors (such as USF1/USF2), and noncoding RNA (such as HOTTIP and HOTAIR) regulate HOXA9 mRNA and protein during leukemia. HOXA9 regulates survival, self-renewal, and progenitor cell cycle through several of its downstream target TFs including LMO2, antiapoptotic BCL2, SOX4, and receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 and STAT5. This dynamic and multilayered HOXA9 regulome provides new therapeutic opportunities, including inhibitors targeting DOT1L/KMT4, MENIN, NPM1, and ENL proteins. Recent findings also suggest that HOXA9 maintains leukemia by actively repressing myeloid differentiation genes. This chapter summarizes the recent advances understanding biochemical mechanisms underlying HOXA9-mediated leukemogenesis, the clinical significance of its abnormal expression, and pharmacological approaches to treat HOXA9-driven leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajesan Aryal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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4
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Li J, Zhang Y, Sun F, Zhang G, Pan XA, Zhou Q. Long Noncoding RNA PCGEM1 Facilitates Tumor Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma by Sponging miR-433-3p and Targeting OMA1. Orthop Surg 2023; 15:1060-1071. [PMID: 36782343 PMCID: PMC10102293 DOI: 10.1111/os.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteosarcoma (OS) is regarded as one of the most common malignant bone tumors, mainly occurring in children and adolescents with high mortality. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is reported to regulate tumor development and be closely related to patient prognosis. Nevertheless, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) prostate-specific transcript 1 (PCGEM1) in OS remains uncharacterized. The current study aimed to explore the role of PCGEM1 in OS. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to examine the expression of PCGEM1 in OS cell lines. CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell, and western blotting analyses were applied to measure OS cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) after PCGEM1 downregulation. Nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation, RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the relationship among PCGEM1, miR-433-3p. and OMA1 in OS. The xenograft tumor models were established to evaluate the effect of PCGEM1 on tumor growth of OS. RESULTS In this study, we discovered that PCGEM1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in OS (P < 0.05). Additionally, PCGEM1 directly bound to miR-433-3p (P < 0.01). OMA1 was confirmed to be a target gene of miR-433-3p (P < 0.05), positively regulated by PCGEM1 but negatively regulated by miR-433-3p. Rescue assays further verified that overexpression of OMA1 reversed the PCGEM1 knockdown-mediated inhibitory effect on the malignant phenotype in OS cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, knockdown of PCGEM1 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, PCGEM1 mediated tumor growth and metastasis of OS by sponging miR-433-3p and regulating OMA1, which might provide an innovative strategy for OS diagnosis or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Farui Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Xi-An Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
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5
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Wang S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Du X, Li Y, Li Q. MEIS1 Is a Common Transcription Repressor of the miR-23a and NORHA Axis in Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043589. [PMID: 36834999 PMCID: PMC9959593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-23a (miR-23a) is an endogenous small activating RNA (saRNA) involved in ovarian granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis and sow fertility by activating lncRNA NORHA transcription. Here, we reported that both miR-23a and NORHA were repressed by a common transcription factor MEIS1, which forms a small network regulating sow GC apoptosis. We characterized the pig miR-23a core promoter, and the putative binding sites of 26 common transcription factors were detected in the core promoters of both miR-23a and NORHA. Of them, transcription factor MEIS1 expression was the highest in the ovary, and widely distributed in various ovarian cells, including GCs. Functionally, MEIS1 is involved in follicular atresia by inhibiting GC apoptosis. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays showed that transcription factor MEIS1 represses the transcription activity of miR-23a and NORHA through direct binding to their core promoters. Furthermore, MEIS1 represses miR-23a and NORHA expression in GCs. Additionally, MEIS1 inhibits the expression of FoxO1, a downstream of the miR-23a/NORHA axis, and GC apoptosis by repressing the miR-23a/NORHA axis. Overall, our findings point to MEIS1 as a common transcription repressor of miR-23a and NORHA, and develop the miR-23a/NORHA axis into a small regulatory network regulating GC apoptosis and female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qifa Li
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
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Pathania AS, Prathipati P, Pandey MK, Byrareddy SN, Coulter DW, Gupta SC, Challagundla KB. The emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the epigenetic regulation of pediatric cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:227-241. [PMID: 33910063 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a process that involves the regulation of gene expression without altering the sequence of DNA. Numerous studies have documented that epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in cell growth, differentiation, and cancer over the past decade. The well-known epigenetic modifications are either on DNA or at the histone proteins. Although several studies have focused on regulating gene expression by non-coding RNAs, the current understanding of their biological functions in various human diseases, particularly in cancers, is inadequate. Only about two percent of DNA is involved in coding the protein-coding genes, and leaving the rest 98 percent is non-coding and the scientific community regarded as junk or noise with no known purpose. Most non-coding RNAs are derived from such junk DNA and are known to be involved in various signaling pathways involving cancer initiation, progression, and the development of therapy resistance in many human cancer types. Recent studies have suggested that non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, piwi-interactingRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, play a significant role in controlling epigenetic mechanism(s), indicating the potential effect of epigenetic modulation of non-coding RNAs on cancer progression. In this review article, we briefly presented epigenetic marks' characteristics, crosstalk between epigenetic modifications and microRNAs, piwi-interactingRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs to uncover the effect on the phenotype of pediatric cancers. Further, current knowledge on understanding the RNA epigenetics will help design novel therapeutics that target epigenetic regulatory networks to benefit cancer patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Philip Prathipati
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Don W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Kishore B Challagundla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; The Children's Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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7
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Elucidating the importance and regulation of key enhancers for human MEIS1 expression. Leukemia 2022; 36:1980-1989. [PMID: 35624144 PMCID: PMC9343249 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid ecotropic virus insertion site 1 (MEIS1) is essential for normal hematopoiesis and is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of a large subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite the clinical relevance of MEIS1, its regulation is largely unknown. To understand the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms contributing to human MEIS1 expression, we created a knock-in green florescent protein (GFP) reporter system at the endogenous MEIS1 locus in a human AML cell line. Using this model, we have delineated and dissected a critical enhancer region of the MEIS1 locus for transcription factor (TF) binding through in silico prediction in combination with oligo pull-down, mass-spectrometry and knockout analysis leading to the identification of FLI1, an E-twenty-six (ETS) transcription factor, as an important regulator of MEIS1 transcription. We further show direct binding of FLI1 to the MEIS1 locus in human AML cell lines as well as enrichment of histone acetylation in MEIS1-high healthy and leukemic cells. We also observe a positive correlation between high FLI1 transcript levels and worse overall survival in AML patients. Our study expands the role of ETS factors in AML and our model constitutes a feasible tool for a more detailed understanding of transcriptional regulatory elements and their interactome.
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8
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Ma L, Yang H, Yang X. Identification and integrative analysis of
microRNAs
in myelodysplastic syndromes based on
microRNAs
expression profile. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ma
- Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Haiping Yang
- Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang Henan Province China
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Mihaila RG, Topircean D. The high-performance technology CRISPR/Cas9 improves knowledge and management of acute myeloid leukemia. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 165:249-257. [PMID: 34446939 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on acute myeloid leukemia pathogenesis and treatment has progressed recently, but not enough to provide ideal management. Improving the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients depends on advances in molecular biology for the detection of new therapeutic targets and the production of effective drugs. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology allows gene insertions and deletions and it is the first step in investigating the function of their encoded proteins. Thus, new experimental models have been developed and progress has been made in understanding protein metabolism, antitumor activity, leukemic cell maintenance, differentiation, growth, apoptosis, and self-renewal, the combined pathogenetic mechanisms involved in leukemogenesis. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is used to understand drug resistance and find solutions to overcome it. The therapeutic progress achieved using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is remarkable. FST gene removal inhibited acute myeloid leukemia cell growth. Lysine acetyltransferase gene deletion contributed to decreased proliferation rate, increased apoptosis, and favored differentiation of acute myelid leukemia cells carrying MLL-X gene fusions. The removal of CD38 gene from NK cells decreased NK fratricidal cells contributing to increased efficacy of new CD38 CAR-NK cells to target leukemic blasts. BCL2 knockout has synergistic effects with FLT3 inhibitors. Exportin 1 knockout is synergistic with midostaurin treatment in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutation. Using the results of CRISPR/Cas9 libraries and technology application will allow us to get closer to achieving the goal of curing acute myeloid leukemia in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Gabriel Mihaila
- Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Romania
| | - Diana Topircean
- Department of Hematology, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Romania
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10
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Liu W, Yi JM, Liu Y, Chen C, Zhang KX, Zhou C, Zhan HE, Zhao L, Morales S, Zhao XL, Zeng H. CDK6 Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Genet 2021; 11:600227. [PMID: 33597968 PMCID: PMC7882723 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.600227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a threatening hematological malignant disease in which new successful approaches in therapy are needed. Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), a regulatory enzyme of the cell cycle that plays an important role in leukemogenesis and the maintenance of leukemia stem cells (LSC), has the potential to predict the prognosis of AML. By analyzing public databases, we observed that the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of CDK6 were significantly overexpressed in AML cell lines and non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (non-APL) AML patients when compared to healthy donors. Furthermore, CDK6 expression was significantly reduced in AML patients who achieved complete remission (CR) compared to that at the time of diagnosis in our validated cohort. The expression of CDK6 was tightly correlated with peripheral blood blasts, French-American-British (FAB) subtypes, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPA) mutation, and chromosomal abnormalities of t(8;21). However, the clinical significance and effects of CDK6 expression on the prognosis of non-APL AML patients remain uncertain. We found that CDK6 expression was inversely correlated with overall survival (OS) among non-APL AML patients using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. CDK6 was also found to be positively associated with genes identified to contribute to the development of leukemia, including CCND2, DNMT3B, SOX4, and IKZF2, as well as being negatively associated with anticancer microRNAs, including miR-187, miR-9, miR-582, miR708, and miR-362. In summary, our study revealed that CDK6 might be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in non-APL AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Mou Yi
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-En Zhan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Stephanie Morales
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Xie-Lan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Regulation of CD47 expression in cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100862. [PMID: 32920329 PMCID: PMC7494507 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD47 is overexpressed in various types of cancers and it can directly bind with SIRPα, which is mainly located on macrophages. The binding of CD47-SIRPα transmits a “don't eat me” signal, which can prevent cancer cells from immune clearance. Targeting the phagocytosis checkpoint of CD47-SIRPα axis has shown remarkable anticancer effect in preclinical and clinical research, which indicates the potential application of CD47-SIRPα blockade for cancer treatment. In this case, the comprehensive description of the regulation of CD47 in different types of cancer cells has significant implications for furthering our understanding of the role of CD47 in cancer. Based on the current reports, we summarized the regulatory factors, i.e., cytokines, oncogenes, microRNAs as well as enzymes, of CD47 expression in cancer cells. Accordingly, we also proposed several points needing further research, hoping to provide useful insights for the future investigation on the regulation of CD47 in cancers. Cytokines, oncogenes, microRNAs and enzymes regulate CD47 expression in cancer. CD47 expression could be regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational modification level. Further studies are required to determine other factors that regulate CD47 expression.
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12
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Wang L, Gao Y, Zhao X, Guo C, Wang X, Yang Y, Han C, Zhao L, Qin Y, Liu L, Huang C, Wang W. HOXD3 was negatively regulated by YY1 recruiting HDAC1 to suppress progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ITGA2 pathway. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12835. [PMID: 32557953 PMCID: PMC7445403 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives HOXD3 is associated with progression of multiple types of cancer. This study aimed to identify the association of YY1 with HOXD3‐ITGA2 axis in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods Bioinformatics assay was used to identify the effect of YY1, HOXD3 and ITGA2 expression in HCC tissues. The function of YY1 and HOXD3 in HCCs was determined by qRT‐PCR, MTT, apoptosis, Western blotting, colony formation, immunohistochemistry, and wound‐healing and transwell invasion assays. The relationship between YY1 and HOXD3 or HOXD3 and ITGA2 was explored by RNA‐Seq, ChIP‐PCR, dual luciferase reports and Pearson's assays. The interactions between YY1 and HDAC1 were determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and Co‐IP. Results Herein, we showed that the expression of YY1, HOXD3 and ITGA2 associated with the histologic and pathologic stages of HCC. Moreover, YY1, recruiting HDAC1, can directly target HOXD3 to regulate progression of HCCs. The relationship between YY1 and HOXD3 was unknown until uncovered by our present investigation. Furthermore, HOXD3 bound to promoter region of ITGA2 and up‐regulated the expression, thus activating the ERK1/2 signalling and inducing HCCs proliferation, metastasis and migration in the vitro and vivo. Conclusions Therefore, HOXD3, a target of YY1, facilitates HCC progression via activation of the ERK1/2 signalling by promoting ITGA2. This finding provides a new whole way to HCC therapy by serving YY1‐HOXD3‐ITGA2 regulatory axis as a potential therapeutic target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Cong Han
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yannan Qin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Bhat AA, Younes SN, Raza SS, Zarif L, Nisar S, Ahmed I, Mir R, Kumar S, Sharawat SK, Hashem S, Elfaki I, Kulinski M, Kuttikrishnan S, Prabhu KS, Khan AQ, Yadav SK, El-Rifai W, Zargar MA, Zayed H, Haris M, Uddin S. Role of non-coding RNA networks in leukemia progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:57. [PMID: 32164715 PMCID: PMC7069174 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-stage detection of leukemia is a critical determinant for successful treatment of the disease and can increase the survival rate of leukemia patients. The factors limiting the current screening approaches to leukemia include low sensitivity and specificity, high costs, and a low participation rate. An approach based on novel and innovative biomarkers with high accuracy from peripheral blood offers a comfortable and appealing alternative to patients, potentially leading to a higher participation rate. Recently, non-coding RNAs due to their involvement in vital oncogenic processes such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis have attracted much attention as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in leukemia. Emerging lines of evidence have shown that the mutational spectrum and dysregulated expression of non-coding RNA genes are closely associated with the development and progression of various cancers, including leukemia. In this review, we highlight the expression and functional roles of different types of non-coding RNAs in leukemia and discuss their potential clinical applications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salma N Younes
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lubna Zarif
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender K Sharawat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michal Kulinski
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mohammad A Zargar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
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