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Butscher JF, Hillebrandt S, Mischok A, Popczyk A, Booth JHH, Gather MC. Wireless magnetoelectrically powered organic light-emitting diodes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7613. [PMID: 38446883 PMCID: PMC10917343 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Compact wireless light sources are a fundamental building block for applications ranging from wireless displays to optical implants. However, their realization remains challenging because of constraints in miniaturization and the integration of power harvesting and light-emission technologies. Here, we introduce a strategy for a compact wirelessly powered light-source that consists of a magnetoelectric transducer serving as power source and substrate and an antiparallel pair of custom-designed organic light-emitting diodes. The devices operate at low-frequency ac magnetic fields (~100 kHz), which has the added benefit of allowing operation multiple centimeters deep inside watery environments. By tuning the device resonance frequency, it is possible to separately address multiple devices, e.g., to produce light of distinct colors, to address individual display pixels, or for clustered operation. By simultaneously offering small size, individual addressing, and compatibility with challenging environments, our devices pave the way for a multitude of applications in wireless displays, deep tissue treatment, sensing, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian F. Butscher
- Centre of Biophotonics, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabina Hillebrandt
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Mischok
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Popczyk
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonathan H. H. Booth
- Centre of Biophotonics, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Malte C. Gather
- Centre of Biophotonics, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Kim S, An SC, Kim Y, Shin YS, Antonov AA, Seo IC, Woo BH, Lim Y, Gorkunov MV, Kivshar YS, Kim JY, Jun YC. Chiral electroluminescence from thin-film perovskite metacavities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0414. [PMID: 37379382 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Chiral light sources realized in ultracompact device platforms are highly desirable for various applications. Among active media used for thin-film emission devices, lead-halide perovskites have been extensively studied for photoluminescence due to their exceptional properties. However, up to date, there have been no demonstrations of chiral electroluminescence with a substantial degree of circular polarization (DCP) based on perovskite materials, being critical for the development of practical devices. Here, we propose a concept of chiral light sources based on a thin-film perovskite metacavity and experimentally demonstrate chiral electroluminescence with a peak DCP approaching 0.38. We design a metacavity created by a metal and a dielectric metasurface supporting photonic eigenstates with a close-to-maximum chiral response. Chiral cavity modes facilitate asymmetric electroluminescence of pairs of left and right circularly polarized waves propagating in the opposite oblique directions. The proposed ultracompact light sources are especially advantageous for many applications requiring chiral light beams of both helicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongheon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chan An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seop Shin
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander A Antonov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of the Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - In Cheol Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Maxim V Gorkunov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of the Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119333, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Jun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Fu X, Mehta Y, Chen YA, Lei L, Zhu L, Barange N, Dong Q, Yin S, Mendes J, He S, Gogusetti R, Chang CH, So F. Directional Polarized Light Emission from Thin-Film Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006801. [PMID: 33511698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with directional and polarized light emission have many photonic applications, and beam shaping of these devices is fundamentally challenging because they are Lambertian light sources. In this work, using organic and perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) for demonstrations, by selectively diffracting the transverse electric (TE) waveguide mode while suppressing other optical modes in a nanostructured LED, the authors first demonstrate highly directional light emission from a full-area organic LED with a small divergence angle less than 3° and a TE to transverse magnetic (TM) polarization extinction ratio of 13. The highly selective diffraction of only the TE waveguide mode is possible due to the planarization of the device stack by thermal evaporation and solution processing. Using this strategy, directional and polarized emission from a perovskite LED having a current efficiency 2.6 times compared to the reference planar device is further demonstrated. This large enhancement in efficiency in the PeLED is attributed to a larger contribution from the TE waveguide mode resulting from the high refractive index in perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Yash Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Nilesh Barange
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Shichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Juliana Mendes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Siliang He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Renuka Gogusetti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Franky So
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Etxebarria-Elezgarai J, Mowat M, Lopez E, Rodríguez C, Olaetxea I, Seifert A. Gaussian Beam Shaping and Multivariate Analysis in Plasmonic Sensing. Anal Chem 2020; 92:16236-16244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Mowat
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Eneko Lopez
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ion Olaetxea
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Andreas Seifert
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Euskadi Plaza 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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Li YF, Feng J, Sun HB. Perovskite quantum dots for light-emitting devices. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19119-19139. [PMID: 31556427 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have been hotly pursued in recent decades owing to their quantum confinement effect and defect-tolerant nature. Their unique optical properties, such as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) approaching unity, narrow emission bandwidth, tunable wavelength spanning the entire visible spectrum, and compatibility with flexible/stretchable electronics, render perovskite QDs promising for next-generation solid lighting sources and information displays. Herein, the advances in perovskite QDs and their applications in LEDs are reviewed. Strategies to fabricate efficient perovskite QDs and device configuration, including material composition design, synthetic methods, surface engineering, and device optimization, are investigated and highlighted. Moreover, the main challenges in perovskite QDs of instability and toxicity (lead-based) are identified, while the solutions undertaken with respect to composition engineering, device encapsulation, and lead-replacement QDs are demonstrated. Meanwhile, perspectives for the further development of perovskite QDs and corresponding LEDs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300401, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China. and State Key Lab of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
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Murawski C, Mischok A, Booth J, Kumar JD, Archer E, Tropf L, Keum CM, Deng YL, Yoshida K, Samuel IDW, Schubert M, Pulver SR, Gather MC. Narrowband Organic Light-Emitting Diodes for Fluorescence Microscopy and Calcium Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903599. [PMID: 31486161 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is an indispensable tool in biology, with applications ranging from single-cell to whole-animal studies and with live mapping of neuronal activity currently receiving particular attention. To enable fluorescence imaging at cellular scale in freely moving animals, miniaturized microscopes and lensless imagers are developed that can be implanted in a minimally invasive fashion; but the rigidity, size, and potential toxicity of the involved light sources remain a challenge. Here, narrowband organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are developed and used for fluorescence imaging of live cells and for mapping of neuronal activity in Drosophila melanogaster via genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators. In order to avoid spectral overlap with fluorescence from the sample, distributed Bragg reflectors are integrated onto the OLEDs to block their long-wavelength emission tail, which enables an image contrast comparable to conventional, much bulkier mercury light sources. As OLEDs can be fabricated on mechanically flexible substrates and structured into arrays of cell-sized pixels, this work opens a new pathway for the development of implantable light sources that enable functional imaging and sensing in freely moving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Murawski
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Andreas Mischok
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Jonathan Booth
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Jothi Dinesh Kumar
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Emily Archer
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Laura Tropf
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Chang-Min Keum
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Ya-Li Deng
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Kou Yoshida
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Marcel Schubert
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Stefan R Pulver
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Malte C Gather
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
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