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Khalid R, Wu QYS, Mahmood N, Deng J, Nemati A, Sreekanth KV, Cabrera H, Mehmood MQ, Teng J, Zubair M. Fluid-responsive tunable metasurfaces for high-fidelity optical wireless communication. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38994895 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Optical wireless communication (OWC), with its blazing data transfer speed and unparalleled security, is a futuristic technology for wireless connectivity. Despite the significant advancements in OWC, the realization of tunable devices for on-demand and versatile connectivity still needs to be explored. This presents a considerable limitation in utilizing adaptive technologies to improve signal directivity and optimize data transfer. This study proposes a unique platform that utilizes tunable, fluid-responsive multifunctional metasurfaces offering dynamic and unprecedented control over electromagnetic wave manipulation to enhance the performance of OWC networks. We have achieved real-time, on-demand beam steering with vary-focusing capability by integrating the fabricated metasurfaces with different isotropic fluids. Furthermore, the designed metasurfaces are capable of polarization-based switching of the diffracted light beams to enhance overall productivity. Our research has showcased the potential of fluid-responsive tunable metasurfaces in revolutionizing OWC networks by significantly improving transmission reliability and signal quality through real-time adjustments. The proposed methodology is verified by designing and fabricating an all-dielectric metasurface measuring 500 μm × 500 μm and experimentally investigating its fluid-responsive vary-focal capability. By incorporating fluid-responsive properties into spin-decoupled metasurfaces, we aim to develop advanced high-tech optical devices and systems to simplify beam-steering and improve performance, adaptability, and functionality, making the devices suitable for various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramna Khalid
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab (ITU), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Qing Yang Steve Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab (ITU), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Arash Nemati
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Humberto Cabrera
- MLab, STI Unit, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab (ITU), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab (ITU), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
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2
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Wu H, Hu B, Chen L, Peng F, Wang Z, Genty G, Liang H. Mid-infrared computational temporal ghost imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:124. [PMID: 38806486 PMCID: PMC11133385 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Ghost imaging in the time domain allows for reconstructing fast temporal objects using a slow photodetector. The technique involves correlating random or pre-programmed probing temporal intensity patterns with the integrated signal measured after modulation by the temporal object. However, the implementation of temporal ghost imaging necessitates ultrafast detectors or modulators for measuring or pre-programming the probing intensity patterns, which are not available in all spectral regions especially in the mid-infrared range. Here, we demonstrate a frequency downconversion temporal ghost imaging scheme that enables to extend the operation regime to arbitrary wavelengths regions where fast modulators and detectors are not available. The approach modulates a signal with temporal intensity patterns in the near-infrared and transfers the patterns to an idler via difference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal at a wavelength where the temporal object can be retrieved. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate computational temporal ghost imaging in the mid-infrared with operating wavelength that can be tuned from 3.2 to 4.3 μm. The scheme is flexible and can be extended to other regimes. Our results introduce new possibilities for scan-free pump-probe imaging and the study of ultrafast dynamics in spectral regions where ultrafast modulation or detection is challenging such as the mid-infrared and THz regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Bo Hu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Fei Peng
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
| | - Zinan Wang
- Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing & Communications, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Goëry Genty
- Laboratory of Photonics, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Houkun Liang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
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3
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Guo R, Wang J, Zhao W, Cui S, Qian S, Chen Q, Li X, Liu Y, Zhang Q. A novel strategy for specific sensing and inactivation of Escherichia coli: Constructing a targeted sandwich-type biosensor with multiple SERS hotspots to enhance SERS detection sensitivity and near-infrared light-triggered photothermal sterilization performance. Talanta 2024; 269:125466. [PMID: 38008021 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Human health is greatly threatened by bacterial infection, which raises the risk of serious illness and death in humans. For early screening and accurate treatment of bacterial infection, there is a strong desire to undertake ultrasensitive detection and effective killing of pathogenic bacteria. Herein, a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensor based on sandwich structure consisting of capture probes/bacteria/SERS tags was established for specific identification, capture and photothermal killing of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique was used to simulate the electromagnetic field distribution of capture probes, SERS tags and sandwich-type SERS substrate, and a possible SERS enhancement mechanism based on sandwich structure was presented and discussed. Sandwich-type SERS biosensor successfully achieved distinctive identification and magnetic beneficiation of E. coli. In addition, a single SERS substrate, including capture probes and SERS tags, could also achieve outstanding photothermal effects as a consequence of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. Intriguingly, sandwich-type SERS biosensor demonstrated a higher photothermal conversion efficiency (50.03 %) than the single substrate, which might be attributed to the formation of target bacterial clusters. The superior biocompatibility and the low toxicity of the sandwich-type biosensor were confirmed. Our approach offers a fresh method for constructing sandwich-type biosensor with multiple SERS hotspots based on extremely effective hybrid plasmonic nanoparticles, and has a wide range of potential applications in the recognition and treatment of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Wenshi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China; Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sicheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Sihan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Qiuxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China.
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4
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Masharin MA, Oskolkova T, Isik F, Volkan Demir H, Samusev AK, Makarov SV. Giant Ultrafast All-Optical Modulation Based on Exceptional Points in Exciton-Polariton Perovskite Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3447-3455. [PMID: 38252695 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast all-optical modulation with optically resonant nanostructures is an essential technology for high-speed signal processing on a compact optical chip. Key challenges that exist in this field are relatively low and slow modulations in the visible range as well as the use of expensive materials. Here we develop an ultrafast all-optical modulator based on MAPbBr3 perovskite metasurface supporting exciton-polariton states with exceptional points. The additional angular and spectral filtering of the modulated light transmitted through the designed metasurface allows us to achieve 2500% optical signal modulation with the shortest modulation time of 440 fs at the pump fluence of ∼40 μJ/cm2. Such a value of the modulation depth is record-high among the existing modulators in the visible range, while the main physical effect behind it is polariton condensation. Scalable and cheap metasurface fabrication via nanoimprint lithography along with the simplicity of perovskite synthesis and deposition make the developed approach promising for real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Masharin
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Laboratory of Bionanophotonic, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Oskolkova
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Furkan Isik
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Anton K Samusev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
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5
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Naumenko D, Burian M, Marmiroli B, Haider R, Radeticchio A, Wagner L, Piazza L, Glatt L, Brandstetter S, Dal Zilio S, Biasiol G, Amenitsch H. Implication of the double-gating mode in a hybrid photon counting detector for measurements of transient heat conduction in GaAs/AlAs superlattice structures. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:961-966. [PMID: 37555215 PMCID: PMC10405594 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723004302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and control of thermal transport in solids at the nanoscale are crucial in engineering and enhance the properties of a new generation of optoelectronic, thermoelectric and photonic devices. In this regard, semiconductor superlattice structures provide a unique platform to study phenomena associated with phonon propagations in solids such as heat conduction. Transient X-ray diffraction can directly probe atomic motions and therefore is among the rare techniques sensitive to phonon dynamics in condensed matter. Here, optically induced transient heat conduction in GaAs/AlAs superlattice structures is studied using the EIGER2 detector. Benchmark experiments have been performed at the Austrian SAXS beamline at Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste operated in the hybrid filling mode. This work demonstrates that drifts of experimental conditions, such as synchrotron beam fluctuations, become less essential when utilizing the EIGER2 double-gating mode which results in a faster acquisition of high-quality data and facilitates data analysis and data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Naumenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Max Burian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
- DECTRIS Ltd, Taefernweg 1, Baden-Daettwil 5405, Switzerland
| | - Benedetta Marmiroli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Richard Haider
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Andrea Radeticchio
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Lucas Wagner
- DECTRIS Ltd, Taefernweg 1, Baden-Daettwil 5405, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piazza
- DECTRIS Ltd, Taefernweg 1, Baden-Daettwil 5405, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Glatt
- DECTRIS Ltd, Taefernweg 1, Baden-Daettwil 5405, Switzerland
| | | | - Simone Dal Zilio
- CNR-IOM – Istituto Officina dei Materiali, SS 14, km 163.5, Basovizza (Trieste) 34149, Italy
| | - Giorgio Biasiol
- CNR-IOM – Istituto Officina dei Materiali, SS 14, km 163.5, Basovizza (Trieste) 34149, Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
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6
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Zhao W, Yang S, Zhang D, Zhou T, Huang J, Gao M, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yang J. Multi-dimensional plasmonic coupling system for efficient enrichment and ultrasensitive label-free SERS detection of bilirubin based on graphene oxide-Au nanostars and Au@Ag nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 646:872-882. [PMID: 37235933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of free bilirubin (BR) is essential for early diagnosis of jaundice and other hepatobiliary diseases. Inspired by sandwich immunoassay strategy, a multi-dimensional plasmonic coupling SERS platform composed of graphene oxide-Au nanostars nanocomposites (GANS NCs) and Au@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) was designed for label-free detection of BR. Specifically, GANS NCs were first prepared, and their excellent SERS activity was ascribed to synergistic enhancement effect of electromagnetic enhancement and chemical enhancement. Furthermore, SERS spectroscopy was used to monitor the adsorption process of BR. Subsequently, secondary reinforcing Au@Ag NPs were directly added, ultimately resulting in a multi-dimensional plasmonic coupling effect. The SERS enhancing mechanism of coupled system was discussed through electromagnetic field simulations. Interestingly, the high-density hotspots generated by strong plasmonic coupling in GANS-Au@Ag substrate could lead to more extraordinary SERS enhancing behavior compared to GANS NCs. Sensing efficiency of the SERS platform was examined by BR with a detection limit down to 10-11 M. Besides, GANS-Au@Ag NCs performed high uniformity and reproducibility. This work not only opens up a new avenue for construction of multi-dimensional plasmonic coupling system, but also offers a new biosensing technology for label-free diagnosis of BR-related diseases, thereby expecting to be applied in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China; Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shuo Yang
- College of Science, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Daxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China; Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Tianxiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China.
| | - Jinghai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China.
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7
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Rafique MZE, Basiri A, Bai J, Zuo J, Yao Y. Ultrafast Graphene-Plasmonic Hybrid Metasurface Saturable Absorber with Low Saturation Fluence. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37184138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Exploring emerging materials with enhanced optical nonlinearities at low power levels with ultrafast response and small footprints is of great interest for information processing, communication, sensing, and quantum systems. Recent progress on nonlinear metamaterials and metasurfaces suggests promising solutions to overcome the limitations of nonlinear materials in nature. Here we present a design concept for highly enhanced saturable absorption effect based on subwavelength-thick (<1/5λ0) hybrid graphene-plasmonic metasurface structures in infrared wavelengths. Our theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that, by exciting nonequilibrium carriers inside nanoscale hotspots, one could not only enhance the saturable absorption in graphene, but also reduce the saturation fluence by over 3 orders of magnitude (from ∼1 mJ/cm2 to ∼100 nJ/cm2). Our pump-probe measurement results suggested an ultrashort saturable absorption recovery time (<60 fs), which is ultimately determined by the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited carriers in graphene. We also observed pulse narrowing effects in our devices based on the autocorrelation measurement results. Such design concepts can be tailored via structure engineering to operate in broader wavelength ranges up to mid- and far- infrared spectral regions. These ultrafast low-saturation fluence saturable absorber designs can enable low-threshold, compact, self-starting mode-locked lasers, laser pulse shaping, and high-speed optical information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zubair Ebne Rafique
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Ali Basiri
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Jiawei Zuo
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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8
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Zamani E, Malekmohammad M, Taherian A. External pumped all-optical microfiber modulator based on reduced graphene oxide. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1376-1383. [PMID: 36821242 DOI: 10.1364/ao.477761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this research, first, the Z-scan technique is used to measure the nonlinear optical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to indicate the high nonlinear coefficients. Second, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, vertically pumped, all-optical modulator is produced based on a rGO-coated multimode optical microfiber. The effect of the microfiber curvature, microfiber diameter, and substrate materials is investigated and optimized. Also, a simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is performed. The modulation depth increased to 4.2 dB by the external low-power ultraviolet pump laser (300 mW) for modulators based on the multimode microfibers. The presented process is a simple, cost-effective route to fabricate, and it is easy to use the device.
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9
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Zhang Z, Shi H, Wang L, Chen J, Chen X, Yi J, Zhang A, Liu H. Recent Advances in Reconfigurable Metasurfaces: Principle and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:534. [PMID: 36770494 PMCID: PMC9921398 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have shown their great capability to manipulate electromagnetic waves. As a new concept, reconfigurable metasurfaces attract researchers' attention. There are many kinds of reconfigurable components, devices and materials that can be loaded on metasurfaces. When cooperating with reconfigurable structures, dynamic control of the responses of metasurfaces are realized under external excitations, offering new opportunities to manipulate electromagnetic waves dynamically. This review introduces some common methods to design reconfigurable metasurfaces classified by the techniques they use, such as special materials, semiconductor components and mechanical devices. Specifically, this review provides a comparison among all the methods mentioned and discusses their pros and cons. Finally, based on the unsolved problems in the designs and applications, the challenges and possible developments in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration Intelligent Information Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration Intelligent Information Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Luyi Wang
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jianjia Yi
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Anxue Zhang
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Haiwen Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration Intelligent Information Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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10
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Abdelraouf OAM, Wang Z, Liu H, Dong Z, Wang Q, Ye M, Wang XR, Wang QJ, Liu H. Recent Advances in Tunable Metasurfaces: Materials, Design, and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13339-13369. [PMID: 35976219 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces, a two-dimensional (2D) form of metamaterials constituted by planar meta-atoms, exhibit exotic abilities to tailor electromagnetic (EM) waves freely. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been made to develop various active materials and incorporate them into functional devices for practical applications, pushing the research of tunable metasurfaces to the forefront of nanophotonics. Those active materials include phase change materials (PCMs), semiconductors, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), ferroelectrics, liquid crystals (LCs), atomically thin material, etc., and enable intriguing performances such as fast switching speed, large modulation depth, ultracompactness, and significant contrast of optical properties under external stimuli. Integration of such materials offers substantial tunability to the conventional passive nanophotonic platforms. Tunable metasurfaces with multifunctionalities triggered by various external stimuli bring in rich degrees of freedom in terms of material choices and device designs to dynamically manipulate and control EM waves on demand. This field has recently flourished with the burgeoning development of physics and design methodologies, particularly those assisted by the emerging machine learning (ML) algorithms. This review outlines recent advances in tunable metasurfaces in terms of the active materials and tuning mechanisms, design methodologies, and practical applications. We conclude this review paper by providing future perspectives in this vibrant and fast-growing research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A M Abdelraouf
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Hailong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiao Renshaw Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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11
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Yan S, Dong J. Metasurface for highly-efficient on-chip classical and quantum all-optical modulation. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:238. [PMID: 35896524 PMCID: PMC9329458 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metasurface made of artificially two-dimensional structured subwavelength-scaled nanostructures gives rise to unprecedented efficient way to realize on-chip all-optical modulation, in both classical regime and quantum regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianji Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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