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Jana S, Sreekanth KV, Abdelraouf OAM, Lin R, Liu H, Teng J, Singh R. Aperiodic Bragg Reflectors for Tunable High-Purity Structural Color Based on Phase Change Material. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3922-3929. [PMID: 38506481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Tunable thin-film coating-based reflective color displays have versatile applications including image sensors, camouflage devices, spatial light modulators, and intelligent windows. However, generating high-purity colors using such coatings have posed a challenge. Here, we reveal high-purity color generation using an ultralow-loss phase change material (Sb2S3)-based tunable aperiodic distributed Bragg reflector (A-DBR). By strategically adjusting the periodicity of the adjacent layers of A-DBRs, we realize a narrow photonic bandgap with high reflectivity to generate high-purity orange and yellow colors. In particular, we demonstrate an A-DBR with a large photonic bandgap tunability by changing the structural phase of Sb2S3 layers from amorphous to crystalline. Moreover, we experimentally tailor multistate tunable colors through external optical stimuli. Unlike conventional nano thin-film coatings, our proposed approach offers an irradiance-free, narrowband, and highly reflective color band, achieving exceptional color purity by effectively suppressing reflections in off-color bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambhu Jana
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore637371
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Omar A M Abdelraouf
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ronghui Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore637371
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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Abdelraouf OAM, Anthur AP, Wang XR, Wang QJ, Liu H. Modal Phase-Matched Bound States in the Continuum for Enhancing Third Harmonic Generation of Deep Ultraviolet Emission. ACS Nano 2024; 18:4388-4397. [PMID: 38258757 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Coherent deep ultraviolet (DUV) light sources are crucial for various applications such as nanolithography, biomedical imaging, and spectroscopy. DUV light sources can be generated by using conventional nonlinear optical crystals (NLOs). However, NLOs are limited by their bulky size, inadequate transparency at the DUV regime, and stringent phase-matching requirements for harmonic generation. Recently, dielectric metasurfaces support high Q-factor resonances and offer a promising approach for efficient harmonic generation at short wavelengths. In this study, we demonstrated a crystalline silicon (c-Si) metasurface simultaneously exciting modal phase-matched bound states in the continuum (BIC) resonance at the fundamental wavelength of 840 nm with a higher degree of freedom for precise control of the BIC resonance and a plasmonic resonance at the wavelength of 280 nm in the DUV to enhance third harmonic generation (THG). We experimentally achieved a Q-factor of ∼180 owing to the relatively large refractive index of the c-Si and the geometric symmetry breaking of the structure. We realized THG at a wavelength of 280 nm with a power of 14.5 nW by using a peak power density of 15 GW/cm2 excitation. The measured THG power is 14 times higher than the state-of-the-art THG dielectric metasurfaces using the same peak power density in the DUV regime, and the maximum obtained THG power enhancement factor is up to 48. This approach relies on the significant third-order nonlinear susceptibility of c-Si, the interband plasmonic nature of the c-Si in the DUV, and the strong field confinement of BIC resonance to boost overall nonlinear conversion efficiency to 5.2 × 10-6% in the DUV regime. Our work shows the potential of c-Si BIC metasurfaces for developing efficient and ultracompact DUV light sources using high-efficacy nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A M Abdelraouf
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Aravind P Anthur
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - X Renshaw Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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Abdelraouf OAM, Wang Z, Liu H, Dong Z, Wang Q, Ye M, Wang XR, Wang QJ, Liu H. Recent Advances in Tunable Metasurfaces: Materials, Design, and Applications. ACS Nano 2022; 16:13339-13369. [PMID: 35976219 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces, a two-dimensional (2D) form of metamaterials constituted by planar meta-atoms, exhibit exotic abilities to tailor electromagnetic (EM) waves freely. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been made to develop various active materials and incorporate them into functional devices for practical applications, pushing the research of tunable metasurfaces to the forefront of nanophotonics. Those active materials include phase change materials (PCMs), semiconductors, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), ferroelectrics, liquid crystals (LCs), atomically thin material, etc., and enable intriguing performances such as fast switching speed, large modulation depth, ultracompactness, and significant contrast of optical properties under external stimuli. Integration of such materials offers substantial tunability to the conventional passive nanophotonic platforms. Tunable metasurfaces with multifunctionalities triggered by various external stimuli bring in rich degrees of freedom in terms of material choices and device designs to dynamically manipulate and control EM waves on demand. This field has recently flourished with the burgeoning development of physics and design methodologies, particularly those assisted by the emerging machine learning (ML) algorithms. This review outlines recent advances in tunable metasurfaces in terms of the active materials and tuning mechanisms, design methodologies, and practical applications. We conclude this review paper by providing future perspectives in this vibrant and fast-growing research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A M Abdelraouf
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Hailong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiao Renshaw Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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Liu H, Wang H, Wang H, Deng J, Ruan Q, Zhang W, Abdelraouf OAM, Ang NSS, Dong Z, Yang JKW, Liu H. High-Order Photonic Cavity Modes Enabled 3D Structural Colors. ACS Nano 2022; 16:8244-8252. [PMID: 35533374 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It remains a challenge to directly print arbitrary three-dimensional shapes that exhibit structural colors at the micrometer scale. Woodpile photonic crystals (WPCs) fabricated via two-photon lithography (TPL) are elementary building blocks to produce 3D geometries that generate structural colors due to their ability to exhibit either omnidirectional or anisotropic photonic stop bands. However, existing approaches produce structural colors on WPCs when illuminating from the top, requiring print resolutions beyond the limit of commercial TPL, which necessitates postprocessing techniques. Here, we devised a strategy to support high-order photonic cavity modes upon side illumination on WPCs that surprisingly generate prominent reflectance peaks in the visible spectrum. Based on that, we demonstrate one-step printing of 3D photonic structural colors without requiring postprocessing or subwavelength features. Vivid colors with reflectance peaks exhibiting a full width at half-maximum of ∼25 nm, a maximum reflectance of 50%, a gamut of ∼85% of sRGB, and large viewing angles were achieved. In addition, we also demonstrated voxel-level manipulation and control of colors in arbitrary-shaped 3D objects constituted with WPCs as unit cells, which has potential for applications in dynamic color displays, colorimetric sensing, anti-counterfeiting, and light-matter interaction platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Wang Zhang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Omar A M Abdelraouf
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Norman Soo Seng Ang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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Atef N, Emara SS, Eissa DS, El‐Sayed A, Abdelraouf OAM, Allam NK. Well‐dispersed Au nanoparticles prepared via magnetron sputtering on TiO
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nanotubes with unprecedentedly high activity for water splitting. Electrochemical Science Advances 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Atef
- Energy Materials Laboratory School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Salma S. Emara
- Energy Materials Laboratory School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Dina S. Eissa
- Energy Materials Laboratory School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed El‐Sayed
- Energy Materials Laboratory School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Omar A. M. Abdelraouf
- Energy Materials Laboratory School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Nageh K. Allam
- Energy Materials Laboratory School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
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