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Lei ZY, Ding BH, Wu QY, Luo JL, Li Z, Wang T, Wang YS, Chen YX, Huang LF, He JF, Yang XS, Guan TP, Ruan Q, Wang JH, Tang HS, Wang J, Cui SZ. [Efficacy of cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 26:1179-1186. [PMID: 38110280 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20231018-00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Methods: In this descriptive case series study, we retrospective analyzed the records of PMP patients treated with CRS and HIPEC between January 2013 and June 2023 at Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Aged 18 to 75 years and nonpregnant women. (2) Histologically confirmed diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei. (3) Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS)>70. (4) The functions of major organs such as the heart, liver, lungs, and kidneys can tolerate major surgery for long periods of time. (5) No evidence of extra-abdominal metastasis. Patients with extensive intra-abdominal adhesions or severe infectious diseases were excluded. The main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and postoperative major complications. The postoperative major complications were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0). We used the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score to quantitatively assess the peritoneal metastases and the completeness of cytoreduction (CCR) score at the end of surgery (CCR-0 and CCR-1 considered to be complete CRS). Results: A total of the 186 PMP patients with a median age of 56 (interquartile range extremes (IQRE), 48-64) years were included, 65 (34.9%) males and 121 (65.1%) females. The median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score was 28 (20-34). Appendiceal origin accounted for 91.4%. Histological types were low grade in 99 patients (53.2%), high grade in 57 patients (30.6%), and 55 patients (29.6%) received complete cytoreduction (CCR-0/1). The median operative duration was 300 (211-430) minutes for all patients. Treatment-related 30-day mortality was 2.7%; 90-day mortality 4.3%; reoperation 1.6%; and severe morbidity 43.0%. Within the entire series, anemia(27.4%), electrolyte disturbance(11.6%), and hypoalbuminemia(7.5%) were the most frequent major complications (grade 3-4). The incidences of gastrointestinal anastomotic leakage, abdominal bleeding, and abdominal infection were 2.2%, 2.2%, and 4.3%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 38.1 (95%CI:31.2-45.1) months, the 5-year OS was 50.3% (95%CI: 40.7%-59.9%) with a median survival time of 66.1 (95%CI: 43.1-89.1) months. The survival analysis showed that patients with pathological low grade, low PCI, and low CCR score had better survival with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Further stratified into complete and incomplete CRS subgroups, the 5-year OS of the CCR-0 and CCR-1 subgroups was 88.9% (95%CI: 68.3%-100.0%) and 77.6% (95%CI: 62.7%-92.5%), respectively; and 42.0% (95%CI: 29.5%-54.5%) in the CCR-2/3 subgroup. Conclusions: CRS and HIPEC may result in a long-term survival benefit for PMP patients with acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality. This strategy, when complete CRS is possible, could significantly prolong survival for strictly selected patients at experienced centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - B H Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Q Y Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - J L Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Y S Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Y X Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - L F Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - J F He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - X S Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - T P Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Q Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - J H Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - H S Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - S Z Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
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Pan CF, Wang H, Wang H, S PN, Ruan Q, Wredh S, Ke Y, Chan JYE, Zhang W, Qiu CW, Yang JK. 3D-printed multilayer structures for high-numerical aperture achromatic metalenses. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadj9262. [PMID: 38117894 PMCID: PMC10732525 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Flat optics consisting of nanostructures of high-refractive index materials produce lenses with thin form factors that tend to operate only at specific wavelengths. Recent attempts to achieve achromatic lenses uncover a trade-off between the numerical aperture (NA) and bandwidth, which limits performance. Here, we propose a new approach to design high-NA, broadband, and polarization-insensitive multilayer achromatic metalenses (MAMs). We combine topology optimization and full-wave simulations to inversely design MAMs and fabricate the structures in low-refractive index materials by two-photon polymerization lithography. MAMs measuring 20 μm in diameter operating in the visible range of 400 to 800 nm with 0.5 and 0.7 NA were achieved with efficiencies of up to 42%. We demonstrate broadband imaging performance of the fabricated MAM under white light and RGB narrowband illuminations. These results highlight the potential of the 3D-printed multilayer structures for realizing broadband and multifunctional meta-devices with inverse design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Feng Pan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, Guangzhou 511300, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Parvathi Nair S
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Simon Wredh
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yujie Ke
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - John You En Chan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Wang Zhang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Joel K. W. Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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3
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Yang Y, Jia H, Su S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Li J, Ruan Q, Zhang CY. A Pd-based plasmonic photocatalyst for nitrogen fixation through an antenna-reactor mechanism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10953-10961. [PMID: 37829007 PMCID: PMC10566465 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02862c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic metal nanocrystals (e.g., Au, Ag, and Cu) hold great promise for driving photocatalytic reactions, but little is known about the plasmonic properties of Pd nanocrystals. Herein, we constructed a plasmonic Pd/Ru antenna-reactor photocatalyst through the controllable growth of a Ru nanoarray 'reactor' on a Pd nano-octahedron 'antenna' and demonstrated a plasmonic Pd-driven N2 photofixation process. The plasmonic properties of Pd nano-octahedrons were verified using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and refractive index sensitivity tests in water-glycerol mixtures. Notably, the constructed plasmonic antenna-reactor nanostructures exhibited superior photocatalytic activities during N2 photofixation, with a maximum ammonia production rate of 117.5 ± 15.0 μmol g-1 h-1 under visible and near-infrared (NIR) light illumination. The mechanism can be attributed to the ability of the plasmonic Pd nanoantennas to harvest light to generate abundant hot electrons and the Ru nanoreactors to provide active sites for adsorption and activation of N2. This work paves the way for the development of Pd-based plasmonic photocatalysts for efficient N2 photofixation and sheds new light on the optimal design and construction of antenna-reactor nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Henglei Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Sihua Su
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information Systems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Mengxuan Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Jingzhao Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information Systems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
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4
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Ke Y, Ruan Q, Li Y, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang W, Pan C, Suseela Nair PN, Yin J, Yang JKW. Engineering Dynamic Structural Color Pixels at Microscales by Inhomogeneous Strain-Induced Localized Topographic Change. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37290093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors in homogeneous elastomeric materials predominantly exhibit uniform color changes under applied strains. However, juxtaposing mechanochromic pixels that exhibit distinct responses to applied strain remains challenging, especially on the microscale where the demand for miscellaneous spectral information increases. Here, we present a method to engineer microscale switchable color pixels by creating localized inhomogeneous strain fields at the level of individual microlines. Trenches produced by transfer casting from 2.5D structures into elastomers exhibit a uniform structural color in the unstretched state due to interference and scattering effects, while they show different colors under an applied uniaxial strain. This programmable topographic change resulting in color variation arises from strain mismatch between layers and trench width. We utilized this effect to achieve the encryption of text strings with Morse code. The effective and facile design principle is promising for diverse optical devices based on dynamic structures and topographic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ke
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Wang Zhang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Chengfeng Pan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Parvathi Nair Suseela Nair
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States of America
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
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5
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Abstract
All forms of energy follow the law of conservation of energy, by which they can be neither created nor destroyed. Light-to-heat conversion as a traditional yet constantly evolving means of converting light into thermal energy has been of enduring appeal to researchers and the public. With the continuous development of advanced nanotechnologies, a variety of photothermal nanomaterials have been endowed with excellent light harvesting and photothermal conversion capabilities for exploring fascinating and prospective applications. Herein we review the latest progresses on photothermal nanomaterials, with a focus on their underlying mechanisms as powerful light-to-heat converters. We present an extensive catalogue of nanostructured photothermal materials, including metallic/semiconductor structures, carbon materials, organic polymers, and two-dimensional materials. The proper material selection and rational structural design for improving the photothermal performance are then discussed. We also provide a representative overview of the latest techniques for probing photothermally generated heat at the nanoscale. We finally review the recent significant developments of photothermal applications and give a brief outlook on the current challenges and future directions of photothermal nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Chips, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xinyue Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jingtian Hu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Runfang Fu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China
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6
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Xu J, Xu H, Xu L, Ruan Q, Zhu X, Kan C, Shi D. Plasmonic and catalytic Au NBP@AgPd nanoframes for highly efficient photocatalytic reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13189-13197. [PMID: 37129667 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous metal nanostructures with excellent plasmonic performance and catalytic activity are urgently needed to realize efficient light-driven catalysis. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of hollow Au nanobipyramid (NBP)@AgPd nanostructures by employing Au NBP@Ag nanorods as templates. The products could transform from Au NBP@AgPd nanoframes to nanocages, along with the redshift and broadening of the plasmon wavelength. Particularly, the plasmon intensity of these nanostructures remained considerable among the shape evolution process. Based on the selective absorption of CTAB, the Ag atoms on the side surfaces of the Au NBP@Ag nanorods were employed as the sacrificial templates to reduce Pd atoms through galvanic replacement. The reduced Pd and Ag atoms produced through the reduction reaction were preferably co-deposited on the corners and edges at the early stage and later deposited directly on the defect sites of the side facets, as more Ag atoms were released. The discontinued distribution of the Pd atoms gives an opportunity to etch away the Ag atoms in the cores, leading to the formation of hollow Au NBP@AgPd nanostructures after the etching process. It is worth noting that the deposition of the ultrathin AgPd nanoframe had little influence on the plasmonic properties of Au NBPs, as verified by electrodynamic simulations. The Au NBP@AgPd nanoframe showed great photocatalytic activity toward Suzuki coupling reactions under laser irradiation. Taken together, these results suggest that the hot electrons successfully transfer from Au NBP to the AgPd nanoframes to participate in the photocatalytic reactions. This study affords a promising route for the synthesis of anisotropic bimetallic nanostructures with excellent plasmonic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Haiying Xu
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Lihui Xu
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Xingzhong Zhu
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Caixia Kan
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Daning Shi
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
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7
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Finet C, Ruan Q, Bei YY, You En Chan J, Saranathan V, Yang JKW, Monteiro A. Multi-scale dissection of wing transparency in the clearwing butterfly Phanus vitreus. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230135. [PMID: 37254701 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical transparency is rare in terrestrial organisms, and often originates through loss of pigmentation and reduction in scattering. The coloured wings of some butterflies and moths have repeatedly evolved transparency, offering examples of how they function optically and biologically. Because pigments are primarily localized in the scales that cover a colourless wing membrane, transparency has often evolved through the complete loss of scales or radical modification of their shape. Whereas bristle-like scales have been well documented in glasswing butterflies, other scale modifications resulting in transparency remain understudied. The butterfly Phanus vitreus achieves transparency while retaining its scales and exhibiting blue/cyan transparent zones. Here, we investigate the mechanism of wing transparency in P. vitreus by light microscopy, focused ion beam milling, microspectrophotometry and optical modelling. We show that transparency is achieved via loss of pigments and vertical orientation in normal paddle-like scales. These alterations are combined with an anti-reflective nipple array on portions of the wing membrane being more exposed to light. The blueish coloration of the P. vitreus transparent regions is due to the properties of the wing membrane, and local scale nanostructures. We show that scale retention in the transparent patches might be explained by these perpendicular scales having hydrophobic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Finet
- Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372 Singapore
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang Bei
- Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - John You En Chan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372 Singapore
| | - Vinodkumar Saranathan
- Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, 138609 Singapore
- NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (NUSNNI), National University of Singapore, 117581 Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634 Singapore
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
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8
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Wang H, Wang H, Ruan Q, Chan JYE, Zhang W, Liu H, Rezaei SD, Trisno J, Qiu CW, Gu M, Yang JKW. Coloured vortex beams with incoherent white light illumination. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:264-272. [PMID: 36781996 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The orbital angular momentum is a fundamental degree of freedom of light wavefronts, currently exploited in applications where information capacity is a key requirement, such as optical communication, super-resolution imaging and high-dimensional quantum computing. However, generating orbital angular momentum beams requires spatio-temporally coherent light sources (lasers or supercontinuum sources), because incoherent light would smear out the doughnut features of orbital angular momentum beams, forming polychromatic or obscured orbital angular momentum beams instead. Here we show generation of coloured orbital angular momentum beams using incoherent white light. Spatio-temporal coherence is achieved by miniaturizing spiral phase plates and integrating them with structural colour filters, three-dimensionally printed at the nanoscale. Our scheme can in principle generate multiple helical eigenstates and combine colour information into orbital angular momentum beams independently. These three-dimensional optical elements encoded with colour and orbital angular momentum information substantially increase the number of combinations for optical anti-counterfeiting and photonic lock-key devices in a pairwise fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - John You En Chan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wang Zhang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hailong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soroosh Daqiqeh Rezaei
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Trisno
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.
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Zhang W, Wang H, Tan ATL, Sargur Ranganath A, Zhang B, Wang H, Chan JYE, Ruan Q, Liu H, Ha ST, Wang D, Ravikumar VK, Low HY, Yang JKW. Stiff Shape Memory Polymers for High-Resolution Reconfigurable Nanophotonics. Nano Lett 2022; 22:8917-8924. [PMID: 36354246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable metamaterials require constituent nanostructures to demonstrate switching of shapes with external stimuli. Yet, a longstanding challenge is in overcoming stiction caused by van der Waals forces in the deformed configuration, which impedes shape recovery. Here, we introduce stiff shape memory polymers. This designer material has a storage modulus of ∼5.2 GPa at room temperature and ∼90 MPa in the rubbery state at 150 °C, 1 order of magnitude higher than those in previous reports. Nanopillars with diameters of ∼400 nm and an aspect ratio as high as ∼10 were printed by two-photon lithography. Experimentally, we observe shape recovery as collapsed and touching structures overcome stiction to stand back up. We develop a theoretical model to explain the recoverability of these sub-micrometer structures. Reconfigurable structural color prints with a resolution of 21150 dots per inch and holograms are demonstrated, indicating potential applications of the stiff shape memory polymers in high-resolution reconfigurable nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Alvin T L Tan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Anupama Sargur Ranganath
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Biao Zhang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - John You En Chan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hailong Liu
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Son Tung Ha
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Dong Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Venkat K Ravikumar
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hong Yee Low
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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10
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Chan JYE, Ruan Q, Wang H, Wang H, Liu H, Yan Z, Qiu CW, Yang JKW. Full Geometric Control of Hidden Color Information in Diffraction Gratings under Angled White Light Illumination. Nano Lett 2022; 22:8189-8195. [PMID: 36227759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Under white light illumination, gratings produce an angular distribution of wavelengths dependent on the diffraction order and geometric parameters. However, previous studies of gratings are limited to at least one geometric parameter (height, periodicity, orientation, angle of incidence) kept constant. Here, we vary all geometric parameters in the gratings using a versatile nanofabrication technique, two-photon polymerization lithography, to encode hidden color information through two design approaches. The first approach hides color information by decoupling the effects of grating height and periodicity under normal and oblique incidence. The second approach hides multiple sets of color information by arranging gratings in sectors around semicircular pixels. Different images are revealed with negligible crosstalk under oblique incidence and varying sample rotation angles. Our analysis shows that an angular separation of ≥10° between adjacent sectors is required to suppress crosstalk. This work has potential applications in information storage and security watermarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John You En Chan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
| | - Hailong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore138634, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Yan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore138634, Singapore
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11
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Liu H, Wang H, Wang H, Deng J, Ruan Q, Zhang W, Abdelraouf OAM, Ang NSS, Dong Z, Yang JKW, Liu H. High-Order Photonic Cavity Modes Enabled 3D Structural Colors. ACS Nano 2022; 16:8244-8252. [PMID: 35533374 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It remains a challenge to directly print arbitrary three-dimensional shapes that exhibit structural colors at the micrometer scale. Woodpile photonic crystals (WPCs) fabricated via two-photon lithography (TPL) are elementary building blocks to produce 3D geometries that generate structural colors due to their ability to exhibit either omnidirectional or anisotropic photonic stop bands. However, existing approaches produce structural colors on WPCs when illuminating from the top, requiring print resolutions beyond the limit of commercial TPL, which necessitates postprocessing techniques. Here, we devised a strategy to support high-order photonic cavity modes upon side illumination on WPCs that surprisingly generate prominent reflectance peaks in the visible spectrum. Based on that, we demonstrate one-step printing of 3D photonic structural colors without requiring postprocessing or subwavelength features. Vivid colors with reflectance peaks exhibiting a full width at half-maximum of ∼25 nm, a maximum reflectance of 50%, a gamut of ∼85% of sRGB, and large viewing angles were achieved. In addition, we also demonstrated voxel-level manipulation and control of colors in arbitrary-shaped 3D objects constituted with WPCs as unit cells, which has potential for applications in dynamic color displays, colorimetric sensing, anti-counterfeiting, and light-matter interaction platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Wang Zhang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Omar A M Abdelraouf
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Norman Soo Seng Ang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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12
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Dong Z, Jin L, Rezaei SD, Wang H, Chen Y, Tjiptoharsono F, Ho J, Gorelik S, Ng RJH, Ruan Q, Qiu CW, Yang JKW. Schrödinger's red pixel by quasi-bound-states-in-the-continuum. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm4512. [PMID: 35196088 PMCID: PMC8865777 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While structural colors are ubiquitous in nature, saturated reds are mysteriously absent. This long-standing problem of achieving Schrödinger's red demands sharp transitions from "stopband" to a high-reflectance "passband" with total suppression of higher-order resonances at blue/green wavelengths. Current approaches based on nanoantennas are insufficient to satisfy all conditions simultaneously. Here, we designed Si nanoantennas to support two partially overlapping quasi-bound-states-in-the-continuum modes with a gradient descent algorithm to achieve sharp spectral edges at red wavelengths. Meanwhile, high-order modes at blue/green wavelengths are suppressed via engineering the substrate-induced diffraction channels and the absorption of amorphous Si. This design produces possibly the most saturated and brightest reds with ~80% reflectance, exceeding the red vertex in sRGB and even the cadmium red pigment. Its nature of being sensitive to polarization and illumination angle could be potentially used for information encryption, and this proposed paradigm could be generalized to other Schrödinger's color pixels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (J.K.W.Y); (C.-W.Q.); (Z.D.)
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Soroosh Daqiqeh Rezaei
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Febiana Tjiptoharsono
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jinfa Ho
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Sergey Gorelik
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Ray Jia Hong Ng
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (J.K.W.Y); (C.-W.Q.); (Z.D.)
| | - Joel K. W. Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (J.K.W.Y); (C.-W.Q.); (Z.D.)
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13
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Ruan Q, Zhang W, Wang H, Chan JYE, Wang H, Liu H, Fan D, Li Y, Qiu CW, Yang JKW. Reconfiguring Colors of Single Relief Structures by Directional Stretching. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2108128. [PMID: 34799881 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Color changes can be achieved by straining photonic crystals or gratings embedded in stretchable materials. However, the multiple repeat units and the need for a volumetric assembly of nanostructures limit the density of information content. Inspired by surface reliefs on oracle bones and music records as a means of information archival, here, surface-relief elastomers are endowed with multiple sets of information that are accessible by mechanical straining along in-plane axes. Distinct from Bragg diffraction effects from periodic structures, trenches that generate color due to variations in trench depth, enabling individual trench segments to support a single color, are reported. Using 3D printed cuboids, trenches of varying geometric parameters are replicated in elastomers. These parameters determine the initial color (or lack thereof), the response to capillary forces, and the appearance when strained along or across the trenches. Strain induces modulation in trench depth or the opening and closure of a trench, resulting in surface reliefs with up to six distinct states, and an initially featureless surface that reveals two distinct images when stretched along different axes. The highly reversible structural colors are promising in optical data archival, anti-counterfeiting, and strain-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Ruan
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Wang Zhang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - John You En Chan
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
- Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Hailong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Dianyuan Fan
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ying Li
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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14
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Yun Q, Xu J, Wei T, Ruan Q, Zhu X, Kan C. Synthesis of Pd nanorod arrays on Au nanoframes for excellent ethanol electrooxidation. Nanoscale 2022; 14:736-743. [PMID: 34939638 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05987d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Au-Pd hollow nanostructures have attracted a lot of attention because of their excellent ethanol electrooxidation performance. Herein, we report a facile preparation of Au nanoframe@Pd array electrocatalysts in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride. The reduced Pd atoms were directed to mainly deposit on the surface of the Au nanoframes in the form of rods, leading to the formation of Au nanoframe@Pd arrays with a super-large specific surface area. The red shift and damping of the plasmon peak were ascribed to the deposition of the Pd arrays on the surface of the Au nanoframes and nanobipyramids, which was verified by electrodynamic simulations. Surfactants, temperature and reaction time determine the growth process and thereby the architecture of the obtained Au-Pd hollow nanostructures. Compared with the Au nanoframe@Pd nanostructures and Au nanobipyramid@Pd arrays, the Au nanoframe@Pd arrays exhibit an enhanced electrocatalytic performance towards ethanol electrooxidation due to an abundance of catalytic active sites. The Au NF@Pd arrays display 4.1 times higher specific activity and 13.7 times higher mass activity than the commercial Pd/C electrocatalyst. Moreover, the nanostructure shows improved stability towards the ethanol oxidation reaction. This study enriches the manufacturing technology to increase the active sites of noble metal nanocatalysts and promotes the development of direct ethanol fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinru Yun
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Tingcha Wei
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372
| | - Xingzhong Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Caixia Kan
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing 211106, China
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15
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Li H, Shang H, Jiang F, Zhu X, Ruan Q, Zhang L, Wang J. Plasmonic O 2 dissociation and spillover expedite selective oxidation of primary C-H bonds. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15308-15317. [PMID: 34976351 PMCID: PMC8635223 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04632b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating O2 activation via nanosynthetic chemistry is critical in many oxidation reactions central to environmental remediation and chemical synthesis. Based on a carefully designed plasmonic Ru/TiO2−x catalyst, we first report a room-temperature O2 dissociation and spillover mechanism that expedites the “dream reaction” of selective primary C–H bond activation. Under visible light, surface plasmons excited in the negatively charged Ru nanoparticles decay into hot electrons, triggering spontaneous O2 dissociation to reactive atomic ˙O. Acceptor-like oxygen vacancies confined at the Ru–TiO2 interface free Ru from oxygen-poisoning by kinetically boosting the spillover of ˙O from Ru to TiO2. Evidenced by an exclusive isotopic O-transfer from 18O2 to oxygenated products, ˙O displays a synergistic action with native ˙O2− on TiO2 that oxidizes toluene and related alkyl aromatics to aromatic acids with extremely high selectivity. We believe the intelligent catalyst design for desirable O2 activation will contribute viable routes for synthesizing industrially important organic compounds. Room-temperature O2 dissociation and spillover, as driven by plasmonic Ru on oxygen-deficient TiO2, expedite the selective oxidation of primary C–H bonds in alkyl aromatics for synthesizing industrially important organic compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland .,Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf 8600 Switzerland
| | - Huan Shang
- Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Fuze Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland .,Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf 8600 Switzerland
| | - Xingzhong Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland .,Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf 8600 Switzerland
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16
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Abstract
Structural coloration is a recurring solution in biological systems to control visible light. In nature, basic structural coloration results from light interacting with a repetitive nanopattern, but more complex interactions and striking results are achieved by organisms incorporating additional hierarchical structures. Artificial reproduction of single-level structural color has been achieved using repetitive nanostructures, with flat sheets of inverse opals being very popular because of their simple and reliable fabrication process. Here, we control photonic structures at several length scales using a combination of direct laser writing and nanosphere assembly, producing freeform hierarchical constructions of inverse opals with high-intensity structural coloration. We report the first 3D prints of stacked, overhanging and slanted microstructures of inverse opals. Among other characteristics, these hierarchical photonic structures exhibit geometrically tunable colors, focal-plane-dependent patterns, and arbitrary alignment of microstructure facet with self-assembled lattice. Based on those results, novel concepts of multilevel information encoding systems are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar Raut
- Division of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Division of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Division of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Republic of Singapore
| | - Javier G Fernandez
- Division of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Division of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Republic of Singapore
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17
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Abstract
Colorful three-dimensional (3D) prints are promising as practical anticounterfeiting labels with easily recognizable and striking visual effects. However, existing colorful 3D displays either require specific illumination conditions with multiple coherent lasers, hence suffer from speckles, or are unsuitable as passive labels. Here, we report a concept of a virtual 3D color object consisting of colorful focal spots in free space. The colors and corresponding "floating heights" of these spots are independently controlled via the design of 3D printed microlens profiles and heights of nanopillars that act as structural-color filters. Despite the unremarkable appearance of the printed substrate under both optical and electron microscopy, illumination with incoherent white light reveals information in the form of bright colorful spots appearing at designated heights above the plane of the substrate. The term "optical fireworks" refers to the way these spots appear and disappear under an optical microscope as one continuously shifts the focal plane. Our 3D printed optical fireworks security labels introduce applications for optical elements integrated with nanostructures in 3D colorful displays and anticounterfeiting labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - You Sin Tan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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18
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Wang H, Ruan Q, Wang H, Rezaei SD, Lim KTP, Liu H, Zhang W, Trisno J, Chan JYE, Yang JKW. Full Color and Grayscale Painting with 3D Printed Low-Index Nanopillars. Nano Lett 2021; 21:4721-4729. [PMID: 34019769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sculpting nanostructures into different geometries in either one or two dimensions produces a wide range of colorful elements in microscopic prints. However, achieving different shades of gray and control of color saturation remain challenging. Here, we report a complete approach to color and grayscale generation based on the tuning of a single nanostructure geometry. Through two-photon polymerization lithography, we systematically investigated color generation from the basic single nanopillar geometry in low-refractive-index (n < 1.6) material. Grayscale and full color palettes were achieved that allow decomposition onto hue, saturation, and brightness values. This approach enabled the "painting" of arbitrary colorful and grayscale images by mapping desired prints to precisely controllable parameters during 3D printing. We further extend our understanding of the scattering properties of the low-refractive-index nanopillar to demonstrate grayscale inversion and color desaturation and steganography at the level of single nanopillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Soroosh Daqiqeh Rezaei
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Kevin T P Lim
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Hailong Liu
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Wang Zhang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Trisno
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - John You En Chan
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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19
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Xu J, Yun Q, Wang C, Li M, Cheng S, Ruan Q, Zhu X, Kan C. Gold nanobipyramid-embedded silver-platinum hollow nanostructures for monitoring stepwise reduction and oxidation reactions. Nanoscale 2020; 12:23663-23672. [PMID: 33216083 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03315d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal hollow nanostructures based on gold nanobipyramids (Au NBPs) are of great interest for the combination of tunable plasmonic resonances and excellent physicochemical properties. Based on the core-shell Au NBP@Ag nanorods with desired sizes, herein we reported the synthesis and growth mechanism of Au NBP-embedded AgPt hollow nanostructures with tunable thickness and size. The Au NBP@AgPt nanoframes were obtained at lower temperature, in which cetyltrimethylammonium bromine (CTAB) was applied as a capping agent to guide the deposition of Pt atoms on the edges and corners of Au NBPs@Ag nanorods. With the increase of reaction temperature, the Au NBP@AgPt nanoframes convert into nanocages due to the atomic migration to the surfaces. The surface plasmon resonance of the Au NBP@AgPt hollow nanostructure shifts from red to blue, which is ascribed to the changes in coverage area and location site of the AgPt alloy. When CTAB was replaced by cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), Au NBP@AgPt nanocages dominate the product. The surface roughness and thickness of the nanocages can be controlled by the temperature and the amount of Pt precursor. Moreover, Au NBP@AgPt hollow nanostructures show excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering and exhibit remarkable stability in harsh environments. Taking into account the advantages of the plasmonic property (Au NBPs), catalytic activity (Pt) and plasmon-enhanced signal (Ag), the Au NBP@AgPt hollow nanostructures are a promising candidate for technological applications in catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
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20
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Liu H, Dong W, Wang H, Lu L, Ruan Q, Tan YS, Simpson RE, Yang JKW. Rewritable color nanoprints in antimony trisulfide films. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/51/eabb7171. [PMID: 33328223 PMCID: PMC7744068 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Materials that exhibit large and rapid switching of their optical properties in the visible spectrum hold the key to color-changing devices. Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is a chalcogenide material that exhibits large refractive index changes of ~1 between crystalline and amorphous states. However, little is known about its ability to endure multiple switching cycles, its capacity for recording high-resolution patterns, nor the optical properties of the crystallized state. Unexpectedly, we show that crystalline Sb2S3 films that are just 20 nm thick can produce substantial birefringent phase retardation. We also report a high-speed rewritable patterning approach at subdiffraction resolutions (>40,000 dpi) using 780-nm femtosecond laser pulses. Partial reamorphization is demonstrated and then used to write and erase multiple microscale color images with a wide range of colors over a ~120-nm band in the visible spectrum. These solid-state, rapid-switching, and ultrahigh-resolution color-changing devices could find applications in nonvolatile ultrathin displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Weiling Dong
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Li Lu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - You Sin Tan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Robert E Simpson
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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21
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Ji YH, Qi T, Ding Y, Ruan Q, Ma YP. Pathogenic analysis of suspected COVID-19 patients in a SARS-CoV-2 non-epidemic area of China. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:9196-9201. [PMID: 32965014 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202009_22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to find the distributions of pathogens in 164 suspected COVID-19 patients from the outpatient clinic of Shenjing Hospital of China Medical University from 24th January, 2020, to 29th February of 2020. PATIENTS AND METHODS 164 COVID-19 suspected patients were from the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Oropharyngeal swab specimens were acquired by respiratory doctors under standardized conditions. Specific nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus A and B, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, along with pneumonic mycoplasma were detected by real-time fluorescence PCR. Symptomatic, epidemiologic, laboratory and radiological data of the patients were obtained from the electronic medical record system of our hospital. RESULTS Among the 164 patients, 3 were positive for SARS-CoV-2, 15 were positive for other respiratory viruses and 16 were positive for pneumonic mycoplasma. Of the positive patients above, 1 patient was co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and adenovirus, and 1 was co-infected with influenza B and pneumonic mycoplasma. The 3 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were clinically diagnosed as COVID-19 because they meet the diagnostic criteria listed in "Chinese Clinical Guidance for COVID-19 Pneumonia diagnosis and treatment", including epidemic history, symptom and pathogenic detection, as well as abnormalities of the laboratory and radiological data. However, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were non-specific compared to those of the patients infected with other respiratory viruses. CONCLUSIONS The endemic common respiratory pathogens are more prevalent than SARS-CoV-2 in the SARS-CoV-2 non-epidemic areas of this research. Detection of the pathogen is the unique means for definite COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Ji
- Virology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China.
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22
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Tan YS, Liu H, Ruan Q, Wang H, Yang JKW. Plasma-assisted filling electron beam lithography for high throughput patterning of large area closed polygon nanostructures. Nanoscale 2020; 12:10584-10591. [PMID: 32373857 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electron-beam lithography is widely applied in nanofabrication due to its high resolution. However, it suffers from low throughput due to its patterning process. All the pixels within a pattern's boundary are needed to be scanned for patterning, which is inefficient for a large area closed polygon structure. Introducing an additional step to perform the polygon-filling function for patterning will significantly improve the fabrication throughput. In this work, we introduce a practical polygon-filling process for electron beam lithography, termed plasma-assisted filling electron beam lithography (PFEBL), that makes use of post-exposure plasma treatment on the resist which only crosslinks the top surface of the resist. Using this technique, we only need to expose the outline of the patterns during the writing process and could still obtain the full structure after post-exposure plasma treatment and development. We show that the lithography patterning efficiency could be enhanced 50 times and above while sub-10 nm resolution patterning with a sharp boundary feature size can still be obtained. The plasma exposure mechanism and development mechanism were discussed for the characteristics of the resist that enables this filling process. Our approach allows large area closed polygon structures to be patterned with high patterning efficiency, which could find uses in various applications in nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Sin Tan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
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23
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Abstract
The red plasmon shifts is realized through selective deposition of Au atoms and etching of Ag atoms on the Ag nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhong Zhu
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- China
| | - Qinru Yun
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- China
| | - Changshun Wang
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Singapore 487372
- Singapore
| | - Caixia Kan
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- China
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education
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24
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Ruan Q, Xiao F, Gong K, Zhang W, Zhang M, Ruan J, Zhang X, Chen Q, Yu Z. Prevalence of Cognitive Frailty Phenotypes and Associated Factors in a Community-Dwelling Elderly Population. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:172-180. [PMID: 32003407 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive frailty was notable target for the prevention of adverse health outcomes in future. The goal of this study was to use a population-based survey to investigate cognitive frailty phenotypes and potentially sociodemographic factors in elderly Chinese individuals. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING General community. PARTICIPANTS A total of 5328 elderly adults (aged 60 years or older, mean age 71.36 years) enrolled in the Shanghai study of health promotion for elderly individuals with frailty. MEASUREMENTS The 5-item FRAIL scale and the 3-item Rapid Cognitive Screen tools were used to assess physical frailty and cognitive impairment, including dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Physical frailty was diagnosed by limitations in 3 or more of the FRAIL scale domains and pre-physical frailty by 1-2 limitations. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and pre-MCI SCD, was diagnosed with two self-report measures based on memory and other cognitive domains in elderly adults. RESULTS Of the participating individuals, 97.17% (n= 5177, female 53.4%) were eligible. Notably, 9.67%, 41.61% and 35.20% of participants were MCI, SCD and pre-MCI SCD; 35.86% and 4.41% exhibited physical pre-frailty and frailty; and 19.86% and 6.30% exhibited reversible and potential reversible cognitive frailty. Logistic regression analyses indicated that physical frailty phenotypes were significantly associated with MCI with SCD, and pre-MCI with SCD. Older single females with a high education level were more likely to exhibit the reversible cognitive frailty; and younger elderly individuals with a middle education level were at lower risk for potentially reversible cognitive frailty. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of pre-physical and reversible cognitive frailty was high in elderly individuals and age was the most significant risk factor for all types of frailty phenotypes. To promote the rapid screening protocol of cognitive frailty in community-dwelling elderly is important to find high-risk population, implement effective intervention, and decrease adverse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ruan
- Dr Zhuowei Yu, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China, Tel: 86-21-62483180 Fax: 86-21-62484981
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25
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Ruan Q, Huang Y, Yang L, Li J, Gu W, Bao Z, Zhang X, Yu Z. Associations of Preoperative Irisin Levels of Paired Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma with Physical Dysfunction and Muscle Wasting Severity in Residents of Surgery Wards. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:412-422. [PMID: 32242209 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myokine Irisin has been proposed to regulate metabolic homeostasis, which is related to chronic diseases or physical activity. However, whether irisin levels in paired cerebrospinal fruid (CSF), plasma and their ratio of inpatients, could use as biomarkers, and be independently related to the varying physical dysfunction, muscle wasting severity and chronic diseases with varying severe degrees, remain largely elusive. METHODS We conducted an observational study to assess the independent associations between irisin levels in paired cerebrospinal fruid (CSF), plasma and their ratio, and the independence in activities of daily life (ADLs), muscle wasting severity and chronic diseases with varying severe degrees among elderly Chinese in-patient subjects. RESULTS Among 217 inpatients in surgery wards with a mean age of 68.07 years (±15.94years), 31.3% of women and 68.7% of men were included in the study. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that Log transformed CSF and plasma irisin levels and their ratio were potential associated with age, fat%, muscle wasting time, ADLs, number of multimorbidity, the severity of bone mass loss and anemia. Regression models analysis indicated that CSF and plasma irisin levels and their ratio in inpatient individuals were independently associated with the independence in ADLs. Plasma irisin levels were independently related to the change of muscle wasting use. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the evaluation of paired plasma and CSF irisin levels, and their ratio in in-patient individuals is intriguing candidates for the susceptibility of the independence in ADLs. Plasma irisin levels were positively associated with indepedence in ADLs, negatively related to muscle wasting severity, and could use as biomarkers for muscle wasting severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ruan
- Dr Zhuowei Yu, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China, Tel: 86-21-62483180 Fax: 86-21-62484981
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26
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Abstract
When a microlens array is aligned and overlaid on an array of patterns with similar periodicity, a highly magnified image of the patterns is observed. This effect, known as moiré magnification, is used to reveal micropatterns that are unresolvable by the naked eye. These patterns are typically limited by print resolution to single color patterns. Here, we demonstrate the potential to selectively reveal more than one set of color patterns. By rotating a microlens array relative to a print containing three overlapping arrays of structural color patterns in 10° steps, each pattern array can be distinctly revealed with minimal crosstalk. This rotation-selective effect of moiré magnification is not seen in conventional microscopy. An advantage is that the moiré images are observable by the naked eye under incoherent illumination. We leverage nanoscale three-dimensional printing by using the two-photon lithography process to produce structural color pattern arrays in a single lithographic step with precisely aligned color pixels. We believe that this work can have applications in precise rotational-alignment tools, covert security documents, and information multiplexing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- John You En Chan
- Engineering Product Development , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Ray Jia Hong Ng
- Engineering Product Development , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
- Nanofabrication Department , Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
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27
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Huang M, Jun Tan A, Büttner F, Liu H, Ruan Q, Hu W, Mazzoli C, Wilkins S, Duan C, Yang JKW, Beach GSD. Voltage-gated optics and plasmonics enabled by solid-state proton pumping. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5030. [PMID: 31695041 PMCID: PMC6834670 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Devices with locally-addressable and dynamically tunable optical properties underpin emerging technologies such as high-resolution reflective displays and dynamic holography. The optical properties of metals such as Y and Mg can be reversibly switched by hydrogen loading, and hydrogen-switched mirrors and plasmonic devices have been realized, but challenges remain to achieve electrical, localized and reversible control. Here we report a nanoscale solid-state proton switch that allows for electrical control of optical properties through electrochemical hydrogen gating. We demonstrate the generality and versatility of this approach by realizing tunability of a range of device characteristics including transmittance, interference color, and plasmonic resonance. We further discover and exploit a giant modulation of the effective refractive index of the gate dielectric. The simple gate structure permits device thickness down to ~20 nanometers, which can enable device scaling into the deep subwavelength regime, and has potential applications in addressable plasmonic devices and reconfigurable metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Aik Jun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Felix Büttner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hailong Liu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Wen Hu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Claudio Mazzoli
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Stuart Wilkins
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Chuanhua Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Geoffrey S D Beach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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28
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Lin X, Ruan Q, Zhang J. Synthesis and biodistribution of 99mTc(CO)3-CPA-2NM as a novel tumor hypoxia imaging agent. Nucl Med Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(19)30253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Liu H, Xu J, Wang H, Liu Y, Ruan Q, Wu Y, Liu X, Yang JKW. Tunable Resonator-Upconverted Emission (TRUE) Color Printing and Applications in Optical Security. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1807900. [PMID: 30687981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped nanophosphors are promising in anti-counterfeiting and security printing applications. These nanophosphors can be incorporated as transparent inks that fluoresce by upconverting near-infrared illumination into visible light to allow easy verification of documents. However, these inks typically exhibit a single luminescent color, low emission efficiency, and low print resolutions. Tunable resonator-upconverted emission (TRUE) is achieved by placing upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) within plasmonic nanoresonators. A range of TRUE colors are obtained from a single-UCNP species self-assembled within size-tuned gap-plasmon resonances in Al nanodisk arrays. The luminescence intensities are enhanced by two orders of magnitude through emission and absorption enhancements. The enhanced emissive and plasmonic colors are simultaneously employed to generate TRUE color prints that exhibit one appearance under ambient white light, and a multicolored luminescence appearance that is revealed under near-infrared excitation. The printed color and luminescent images are of ultrahigh resolutions (≈50 000 dpi), and enable multiple colors from a single excitation source for increased level of security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Yejing Liu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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30
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Li H, Xu D, Han X, Ruan Q, Zhang X, Mi Y, Dong M, Guo S, Lin Y, Wang B, Li G. Dosimetry study of 18F-FMISO + PET/CT hypoxia imaging guidance on intensity-modulated radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1329-1336. [PMID: 29623584 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous integrated boost on tumor hypoxia area by studying the dosimetric change of hypoxia imaging guidance on intensity-modulated radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Five NSCLC patients with large hypoxic volume participated in this study. FDG PET/CT images were fused with CT localization images to delineate gross tumor volume. FMISO PET/CT images were fused with CT localization images to delineate hypoxic biological target volume (BTV) (tissue maximum ratio ≥ 1.3) by threshold. BTV was irradiated with 72, 78 and 84 Gy, respectively, 30 times. The dosimetry differences were compared in target volume and organ at risk between simultaneous integrated boost plans and conventional radiotherapy plans. RESULTS Dosages on BTV of NSCLC hypoxic area were increased to 72, 78 and 84 Gy, respectively, by simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy. There was no obvious difference in dosage distributions on original target volume compared with those in conventional radiotherapy. Dosages on main organ at risk in chest met the dosimetric constraint, and there was no significant difference compared with those in conventional radiotherapy. CONCLUSION It is feasible in dosiology that the dosages in NSCLC hypoxic area were added to 72, 78 and 84 Gy by simultaneous integrated boost with the guidance of 18F-FMISO PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - D Xu
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - X Han
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Q Ruan
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Zhang
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Y Mi
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - M Dong
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - S Guo
- Radiotherapy Department, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y Lin
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - B Wang
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - G Li
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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31
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Abstract
Directional optical nanoantennas are often realized by nanostructured systems with ingenious or complex designs. Herein we report on the realization of directional scattering of visible light from a simple configuration made of single Ag nanorods supported on Si substrates, where the incident light can be routed toward the two flanks of each nanorod. Such an intriguing far-field scattering behavior, which has not been investigated so far, is proved to result from the near-field coupling between high-aspect-ratio Ag nanorods and high-refractive-index Si substrates. A simple and intuitive model is proposed, where the complicated plasmon resonance is found to be equivalent to several vertically aligned electric dipoles oscillating in phase, to understand the far-field properties of the system. The interference among the electric dipoles results in wavefront reshaping and sidewise light routing in a similar manner to the broadside antenna described in the traditional antenna theory, allowing for the naming of these Si-supported Ag nanorods as "broadside nanoantennas". We have carried out comprehensive experiments to understand the physical origins behind and the affecting factors on the directional scattering behavior of such broadside nanoantennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hang Kuen Yip
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tiankai Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xingzhong Zhu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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32
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Wang Y, Zheng M, Ruan Q, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Dai P, Yang Z, Lin Z, Long Y, Li Y, Liu N, Qiu CW, Yang JKW, Duan H. Stepwise-Nanocavity-Assisted Transmissive Color Filter Array Microprints. Research (Wash D C) 2018; 2018:8109054. [PMID: 31549038 PMCID: PMC6750064 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8109054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light color filters using patterned nanostructures have attracted much interest due to their various advantages such as compactness, enhanced stability, and environmental friendliness compared with traditional pigment or dye-based optical filters. While most existing studies are based on planar nanostructures with lateral variation in size, shape, and arrangement, the vertical dimension of structures is a long-ignored degree of freedom for the structural colors. Herein, we demonstrate a synthetic platform for transmissive color filter array by coordinated manipulations between height-varying nanocavities and their lateral filling fractions. The thickness variation of those nanocavities has been fully deployed as an alternative degree of freedom, yielding vivid colors with wide gamut and excellent saturation. Experimental results show that the color-rendering capability of the pixelated nanocavities can be still retained as pixels are miniaturized to 500 nm. Crosstalk between closely spaced pixels of a Bayer color filter arrangement was calculated, showing minimal crosstalk for 1 µm2 square subpixels. Our work provides an approach to designing and fabricating ultracompact color filter arrays for various potential applications including stained-glass microprints, microspectrometers, and high-resolution image sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasi Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mengjie Zheng
- 2School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- 3SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- 4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- 5Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yanming Zhou
- 2School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Peng Dai
- 2School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhengmei Yang
- 2School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zihao Lin
- 2School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuxiang Long
- 2School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ying Li
- 3SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Na Liu
- 6Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- 3SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- 4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Joel K. W. Yang
- 5Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Huigao Duan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Chen L, Wei X, Zhou X, Xie Z, Li K, Ruan Q, Chen C, Wang J, Mirkin CA, Zheng Z. Large-Area Patterning of Metal Nanostructures by Dip-Pen Nanodisplacement Lithography for Optical Applications. Small 2017; 13:1702003. [PMID: 28941181 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Au nanostructures are remarkably important in a wide variety of fields for decades. The fabrication of Au nanostructures typically requires time-consuming and expensive electron-beam lithography (EBL) that operates in vacuum. To address this challenge, this paper reports the development of massive dip-pen nanodisplacement lithography (DNL) as a desktop fabrication tool, which allows high-throughput and rational design of arbitrary Au nanopatterns in ambient condition. Large-area (1 cm2 ) and uniform (<10% variation) Au nanostructures as small as 70 nm are readily fabricated, with a throughput 100-fold higher than that of conventional EBL. As a proof-of-concept of the applications in the opitcal field, we fabricate discrete Au nanorod arrays that show significant plasmonic resonance in the visible range, and interconnected Au nanomeshes that are used for transparent conductive electrode of solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chen
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuang Xie
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kan Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chaojian Chen
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
Biomimetic synthesis of artificial enamel is a promising strategy for the prevention and restoration of defective enamel. We have recently reported that a hydrogel system composed of chitosan-amelogenin (CS-AMEL) and calcium phosphate is effective in forming an enamel-like layer that has a seamless interface with natural tooth surfaces. Here, to improve the mechanical system function and to facilitate the biomimetic enamel regrowth, matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20) was introduced into the CS-AMEL hydrogel. Inspired by our recent finding that MMP-20 prevents protein occlusion inside enamel crystals, we hypothesized that addition of MMP-20 to CS-AMEL hydrogel could reinforce the newly grown layer. Recombinant human MMP-20 was added to the CS-AMEL hydrogel to cleave full-length amelogenin during the growth of enamel-like crystals on an etched enamel surface. The MMP-20 proteolysis of amelogenin was studied, and the morphology, composition, and mechanical properties of the newly grown layer were characterized. We found that amelogenin was gradually degraded by MMP-20 in the presence of chitosan. The newly grown crystals in the sample treated with MMP-20-CS-AMEL hydrogel showed more uniform orientation and greater crystallinity than the samples treated with CS-AMEL hydrogel without MMP-20. Stepwise processing of amelogenin by MMP-20 in the CS-AMEL hydrogel prevented undesirable protein occlusion within the newly formed crystals. As a result, both the modulus and hardness of the repaired enamel were significantly increased (1.8- and 2.4-fold, respectively) by the MMP-20-CS-AMEL hydrogel. Although future work is needed to further incorporate other enamel matrix proteins into the system, this study brings us one step closer to biomimetic enamel regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prajapati
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Q Ruan
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Mukherjee
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Nutt
- 2 Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Moradian-Oldak
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Ruan
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China., Shanghai, China,
| | - L. Yang
- Department of anesthesiology Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J. Ruan
- Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - W. Gu
- Department of anesthesiology Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Z. Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China., Shanghai, China,
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Z. Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China., Shanghai, China,
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Wang L, Ruan Q, Zhang Y, Bao Z, Yu Z. SARCOPENIC OBESITY INDUCED BY SHORT-TERM HIGH-FAT FEEDING IN AGED RAT. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University,Shanghai 200040, China, Shanghai, China,
| | - Q. Ruan
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University,Shanghai 200040, China, Shanghai, China,
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z. Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University,Shanghai 200040, China, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z. Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Shanghai, China,
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University,Shanghai 200040, China, Shanghai, China,
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Kang X, Ruan Q, Zhang H, Bao F, Guo J, Tang M, Cheng S, Wang J. Concave gold bipyramids bound with multiple high-index facets: improved Raman and catalytic activities. Nanoscale 2017; 9:5879-5886. [PMID: 28430275 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Concave nanocrystals usually exhibit a large electromagnetic-field enhancement and superior catalytic performance due to their sharp corners, negative curvature and high-index facets. Conventional gold bipyramids (AuBPs) possess intriguing plasmonic properties which are attractive for various applications while the surface curvature of the reported bipyramids has not been fine-tuned to concave or convex structures to date. Additionally, the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelengths of conventional AuBPs are mostly located in the range of 650-1350 nm and the sizes of these nanoparticles are usually not beyond 350 nm, which are not facilitated to some nano-focusing and nanophotonic applications. Herein, we reported a facile and robust approach for fabricating concave AuBPs (CAuBPs) with multiple high-index facets which are distinct from the conventional AuBPs and nanojavelin structures. The length of the as-prepared CAuBPs can even extend up to 800 nm. The CAuBP nanoparticles exhibit a strikingly pronounced broader plasmonic tuning range (even exceeding 1800 nm) and provide much higher electromagnetic-field enhancements in comparison to the conventional AuBPs, which broaden the promising applications of CAuBPs for many single-particle analyses. More importantly, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals of CAuBPs on the single-particle or aqueous solution both displayed an enhanced intensity compared to conventional AuBPs. The CAuBP nanoparticles also exhibited improved catalytic activity due to the incredible abundance of uncoordinated atoms as active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Qin F, Cui X, Ruan Q, Lai Y, Wang J, Ma H, Lin HQ. Role of shape in substrate-induced plasmonic shift and mode uncovering on gold nanocrystals. Nanoscale 2016; 8:17645-17657. [PMID: 27714128 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A number of plasmonic devices and applications, such as chemical and biological sensors, plasmon-enhanced solar cells, optical nanoantennas, metamaterials and metasurfaces, require the deposition of plasmonic metal nanocrystals on various substrates. Because the localized plasmon resonance modes, energies and strengths are strongly dependent on the dielectric function of the surrounding environment, the substrate is expected to largely affect the plasmonic properties of supported metal nanocrystals. Therefore, understanding the effects of the substrate on the plasmonic properties of metal nanocrystals and the roles of the involved factors will be crucial for designing various plasmonic devices that are made of metal nanocrystals deposited on different substrates. Herein we report on our study and results of the effects of substrates with distinct dielectric functions on the plasmonic properties of three types of Au nanocrystals. A combination of experiments and numerical simulations shows that the presence of a substrate causes plasmonic shifts as well as the appearance of new plasmon modes. The plasmonic shifts and the emergence of new plasmon modes are found to be dependent on the particle shape of Au nanocrystals and in turn on the fractional particle surface area that is in contact with the supporting substrate. For Au nanospheres and nanorods, plasmonic shifts, less than 100 nm, are observed on the scattering spectra by changing the supporting substrate from indium tin oxide to silicon. In comparison, a giant spectral shift of more than 300 nm is obtained for Au nanoplates. Moreover, silicon substrates induce the emergence of an out-of-plane quadrupolar mode of Au nanoplates, which interacts with an out-of-plane octupolar mode to give rise to a distinct Fano resonance. The Fano resonance is found to become stronger as the thickness of Au nanoplates is decreased. These results are of great importance for understanding the plasmonic properties of noble metal nanocrystals supported on various substrates, and for designing novel plasmonic nanostructures with desired optical properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. and Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Laboratory, Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ximin Cui
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yunhe Lai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hongge Ma
- Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Laboratory, Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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Huang S, Ming T, Lin Y, Ling X, Ruan Q, Palacios T, Wang J, Dresselhaus M, Kong J. Ultrasmall Mode Volumes in Plasmonic Cavities of Nanoparticle-On-Mirror Structures. Small 2016; 12:5190-5199. [PMID: 27515573 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The mode volume and Purcell factor are two important parameters to assess the performance of optical nanocavities. Achieving small mode volumes and high Purcell factors for nanocavity structures while simplifying their fabrication has been a major task to realize high-performance and large-scale photonic devices and systems. Different optical resonators based on nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) structures are systematically analyzed, which are easy to fabricate and flexible to use. Direct comparison of these optical resonators is made through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The achievement of ultrasmall mode volumes below 10-7 (λ/n)3 based on the NPoM structure through FDTD simulations is demonstrated by rationally selecting the structural parameters. Such NPoM structures provide a decent Purcell factor on the order of 107 , which can effectively enhance spontaneous emission and facilitate a number of photonic applications. The simulation results are confirmed by dark field scattering and second-harmonic generation measurements. This work is scientifically important and offers practical guidelines for the design of optical resonators for state-of-the-art optical and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxi Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tian Ming
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yuxuan Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tomás Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mildred Dresselhaus
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Ruan Q, Fang C, Jiang R, Jia H, Lai Y, Wang J, Lin HQ. Highly enhanced transverse plasmon resonance and tunable double Fano resonances in gold@titania nanorods. Nanoscale 2016; 8:6514-6526. [PMID: 26935180 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have attracted intensive interest owing to their localized surface plasmon resonance properties and enormous potential applications. The transverse plasmon of Au nanorods is usually weaker than the longitudinal one, hampering certain plasmonic applications. Herein we report on the intensification of the transverse plasmon resonance by coating TiO2 onto Au nanorods. The transverse plasmon mode of the resultant Au@TiO2 nanorods with a sufficiently thick shell can be comparable to or even stronger than the longitudinal one in intensity. Moreover, both the transverse and longitudinal plasmon resonances of the Au@TiO2 nanorods exhibit an asymmetric line shape on their scattering spectra. Electrodynamic simulations and analyses based on a coupled oscillator model suggest that the asymmetric line shape originates from the coupling between the Au core and TiO2 shell. Apart from the shell thickness, the plasmonic properties of the Au@TiO2 nanorods can also be tuned by the dimension of the Au nanorod core. In addition, the polarization-dependent light scattering from the individual Au@TiO2 nanorods has also been investigated. These results will be of high importance for understanding the interactions between noble metals and semiconductors in plasmonic hybrid nanosystems, and for designing novel plasmonic nanostructures with desired optical properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Caihong Fang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Henglei Jia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yunhe Lai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
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Zhang D, Shen X, Xu X, Ruan Q, Hu SS, Chen Y, Wang Z. Effect of acute/subchronic samarium exposure on the concentration, motility, and morphology of sperm in male mice. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8807. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15028807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhang S, Jiang R, Xie YM, Ruan Q, Yang B, Wang J, Lin HQ. Colloidal Moderate-Refractive-Index Cu₂O Nanospheres as Visible-Region Nanoantennas with Electromagnetic Resonance and Directional Light-Scattering Properties. Adv Mater 2015; 27:7432-7439. [PMID: 26484637 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Moderate-refractive-index dielectric nano-spheres are found to possess strong electric and magnetic dipole resonances in the visible region. Owing to the overlap of the electric and magnetic dipole resonances, moderate-refractive-index dielectric nanospheres exhibit directional forward scattering at the strongest scattering peak. Such directional scattering is experimentally observed on colloidal Cu2O nanospheres, which are readily prepared through wet-chemistry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouren Zhang
- Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450006, China
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ya-Ming Xie
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baocheng Yang
- Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450006, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100094, China
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Giannone L, Fischer R, McCarthy P, Odstrcil T, Zammuto I, Bock A, Conway G, Fuchs J, Gude A, Igochine V, Kallenbach A, Lackner K, Maraschek M, Rapson C, Ruan Q, Schuhbeck K, Suttrop W, Wenzel L. Improvements for real-time magnetic equilibrium reconstruction on ASDEX Upgrade. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jiang N, Ruan Q, Qin F, Wang J, Lin HQ. Switching plasmon coupling through the formation of dimers from polyaniline-coated gold nanospheres. Nanoscale 2015; 7:12516-12526. [PMID: 26139347 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02619a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Active modulation of the plasmon coupling in homodimers of polyaniline (PANI)-coated Au nanospheres is achieved by changing the proton-doping state of the PANI shell. Such a PANI-enabled modulation of the plasmon coupling in the dimers gives rise to remarkable spectral shifts, which show an exponential dependence on the interparticle gap distance. For the dimer with a 10 nm PANI shell thickness and a 0.5 nm gap distance, the shift of the stronger scattering peak in response to the active modulation reaches 231 nm. Electrodynamic simulations reveal that the shift of the dipolar bonding plasmon mode dominates the position variation of the stronger scattering peak for the dimers with different gap distances. Moreover, the quadrupolar bonding plasmon mode can be turned on and off by controlling the proton-doping state of the dimers with gap distances of less than ∼3 nm. These results are of high importance for fundamentally understanding the sensitivity of coupled plasmon resonance modes to the dielectric environment, as well as for designing active plasmonic devices with high modulation performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Yan S, Yao F, Huang L, Ruan Q, Shen X, Zhang S, Huang C. Low-grade Albuminuria Associated with Subclinical Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Left Ventricular Remodeling. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [PMID: 26216369 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1550052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Low-grade albuminuria (LGA) has been shown to be associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Our study investigated the relationship between normal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and subclinical left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and remodeling in diabetics and non-diabetics. METHODS A total of 888 diabetic and 208 non-diabetic patients with normal UACRs (< 30 mg/g) from Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China were examined. The subjects were stratified into quartiles based on their respective UACR levels. LV diastolic function was defined by early diastolic transmitral velocities (E)/average early diastolic annular velocities (average e), accompanied by average e. LV remodeling was defined by LV mass indexed to body surface area and relative wall thickness based on 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS UACR was independently associated with cardiac diastolic function as defined by E/e and average e (OR=1.042, P=0.001) and LV remodeling (OR=1.037, P=0.001) in all participants. Diabetic patients in the highest quartile of UACR demonstrated a greater risk of developing LV diastolic dysfunction by a magnitude of 1.625 (OR=1.625, P=0.037) than patients in the lowest quartile; those in the third and highest quartiles demonstrated a greater risk of LV remodeling by a magnitude of 1.729-1.994 compared to the lowest quartile (OR=1.729, P=0.027 and OR=1.994, P=0.005, respectively). The association between UACR and subclinical diastolic dysfunction was most prevalent in younger, non-obese, non-hypertensive females or patients who had experienced diabetes for fewer than 10 years. The association between UACR and LV remodeling was most prevalent in non-obese, older males, in patients with normal low-density lipoprotein levels, in patients who had experienced diabetes for fewer than 10 years, and in patients without hypertension. CONCLUSION UACR was associated with subclinical LV diastolic dysfunction and remodeling in both patients with and without Type 2 diabetes. We conclude that LGA may also be a marker for subclinical cardiovascular damage in Type 2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - F Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Q Ruan
- Ultrasonic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - X Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - C Huang
- Ultrasonic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Abstract
Absorption-dominant small Au nanorods with diameters of less than 10 nm are prepared using a facile seed-mediated growth method. The diameters of the small gold nanorods range from 6 to 9 nm, and their lengths vary from 16 to 45 nm. Their aspect ratios can be tailored from 2.7 to 4.7. As a result, the longitudinal plasmon resonance wavelengths are readily tunable from ∼720 nm to ∼830 nm by changing the seed-to-Au(III) molar ratio in the growth solution. The fractions of the scattering in the total extinction of the small Au nanorods are found to be in the range of 0.005 to 0.025 with finite-difference time-domain simulations, confirming that the extinction values of these small Au nanorods are dominantly contributed to by the light absorption. Moreover, the small Au nanorod sample is coated with a dense silica layer for photothermal therapy with three cell lines. It shows improved photothermal therapy performance compared to a large Au nanorod sample for the same cellular Au contents. Our study suggests that small Au nanorods are promising light absorbers and photothermal therapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henglei Jia
- †Department of Physics and ‡Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caihong Fang
- †Department of Physics and ‡Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- †Department of Physics and ‡Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- †Department of Physics and ‡Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Xiang J Wang
- †Department of Physics and ‡Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- †Department of Physics and ‡Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Lu F, Li Z, Ruan Z, Liu X, Du S, Ruan Q, Deng Y, Jiang J, Shi D. 123 EFFECTS OF TAURO URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID ON DEVELOPMENT OF BOVINE EMBRYOS FROM IN VITRO FERTILIZATION. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv27n1ab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a novel apoptotic pathway and plays an important role for embryonic development. Tauro ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a specific chemical chaperone that can inhibit ERS. In this study, we investigated the effects of TUDCA on the development and mRNA expression of ERS-related genes in bovine embryos from IVF in order to improve the efficiency of embryo in vitro culture. Bovine oocytes collected from ovaries at slaughter were cultured in the maturation medium (TCM-199 + 26.2 mmol L–1 NaHCO3 + 5 mmol L–1 HEPES + 5% fetal bovine serum) for 24 h and fertilized in vitro with bovine sperm. After fertilization, the embryos were respectively placed into the medium (TCM-199 + 3% fetal bovine serum) containing different concentrations of TUDCA (0, 100, 250, 500, 1000 μmol L–1) and cultured in the 5% CO2 at 38.5°C. Blastocyst development was evaluated after 7 days of culture, and then the total cell number and apoptosis index of blastocysts were detected with TUNEL. In addition, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) of embryos at 2-cell, 4-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages was detected with RT-PCR, and the change of the mRNA expression of ERS-related (Grp78, Ire1, Chop) and apoptosis-related (Bax, Bcl-2) genes in blastocyst collected at 7 days of culture were analysed by QRT-PCR. A total of 1336 oocytes were used in this study, and each experimental group comprised 6 replicates. The results revealed that the splicing of XBP-1 was present during the development of bovine embryos, and especially obvious at the 4-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages. When embryos were cultured in medium with different concentrations of TUDCA, compared with the control group (0 μmol L–1), more embryos developed to blastocyst stage with 500 μmol L–1 TUDCA (31.86 ± 7.32% v. 21.11 ± 8.05%; P < 0.05), but the cleavage rate was not significantly different among groups (P > 0.05). The result for TUNEL found that when adding 500 μmol L–1 TUDCA to culture, the bovine embryos significantly improved the total cell number of blastocysts (110. ± 15.21 v. 102.3 ± 8.62; P < 0.05), and the apoptosis index of blastocysts was markedly decreased (3.71 ± 0.91 v. 5.36 ± 1.92; P < 0.05) relative to the control group. Moreover, the result of QRT-PCR analysis showed that treating embryos with 500 μmol L–1 TUDCA significantly reduced the mRNA expression level of Ire1 and Chop genes (P < 0.05) and up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene (P < 0.05), while down-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax gene (P < 0.05). Furthermore, XBP-1 splicing in blastocysts also abated after embryos were treated with 500 μmol L–1 TUDCA. In conclusion, ERS occurs in bovine embryos during in vitro culture, but treating embryos with 500 μmol L–1 TUDCA may reduce ERS to facilitate embryonic development.
This work was funded by the China High Technology Development Program (2011AA100607), China Natural Science Foundation (31072033), and Guangxi Science Foundation (2011GXNSFA018084, 2012GXNSFFA060004).
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Shao L, Tao Y, Ruan Q, Wang J, Lin HQ. Comparison of the plasmonic performances between lithographically fabricated and chemically grown gold nanorods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:10861-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The plasmonic performances of lithographic and chemical gold nanorods are quantitatively examined and compared through both experiments and electrodynamic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shao
- Department of Physics
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Yuting Tao
- Department of Physics
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center
- Beijing 100084
- China
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Ruan Q, Wang P, Wang T, Qi J, Wei M, Wang S, Fan T, Johnson D, Wan X, Shi W, Sun H, Chen YH. MicroRNA-21 regulates T-cell apoptosis by directly targeting the tumor suppressor gene Tipe2. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1095. [PMID: 24577093 PMCID: PMC3944261 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRs) are short noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression. It has been reported that miR-21 suppresses apoptosis in activated T cells, but the molecular mechanism remains undefined. Tumor suppressor Tipe2 (or tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8)-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2)) is a newly identified anti-inflammatory protein of the TNFAIP8 family that is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. We report here that miR-21 is a direct target of nuclear factor-κB and could regulate Tipe2 expression in a Tipe2 coding region-dependent manner. In activated T cells and macrophages, Tipe2 expression was markedly downregulated, whereas miR-21 expression was upregulated. Importantly, Tipe2-deficient T cells were significantly less sensitive to apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of Tipe2 in EL-4 T cells increased their susceptibility to activation-induced apoptosis. Therefore, Tipe2 provides a molecular bridge between miR-21 and cell apoptosis; miR-21 suppresses apoptosis in activated T cells at least in part through directly targeting tumor suppressor gene Tipe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ruan
- 1] Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China [2] 713 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - P Wang
- 713 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T Wang
- 1] 713 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA [2] Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - J Qi
- 713 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Wei
- 713 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - T Fan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - D Johnson
- 713 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - X Wan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - W Shi
- Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - H Sun
- 713 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y H Chen
- 713 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Shao L, Ruan Q, Jiang R, Wang J. Macroscale colloidal noble metal nanocrystal arrays and their refractive index-based sensing characteristics. Small 2014; 10:802-11. [PMID: 24123980 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal noble metal nanocrystals are promising for a large number of optical and biotechnological applications. Many practical applications require the formation of large-area, high-density, and uniformly distributed metal nanocrystal arrays on various substrates, to overcome the limitations brought by the instability of colloidal metal nanocrystal solutions and the high cost of single-particle spectroscopy characterizations. A method is developed for directly depositing colloidal metal nanocrystals, including Au nanospheres, Au nanorods, Au nanobipyramids, and (Au core)/(Ag shell) nanorods, from their solutions onto different substrates. The resultant nanocrystal arrays are relatively uniform and dense, with the peak extinction value of a single layer reaching 0.3. Their areas are up to 10 cm by 10 cm and can be further increased if larger-size containers are utilized. The refractive index sensitivities are studied for Au nanorod arrays supported on glass slides, mesoporous silica and titania films, and capped with different molecules. Au nanorods deposited on mesoporous titania films are found to exhibit the highest index sensitivities, comparable to those of the same nanorod sample in solutions. It is expected that this approach will greatly facilitate plasmonic applications that require large-area arrays of noble metal nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shao
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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