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Azad SS, Keshavarzi R, Mirkhani V, Moghadam M, Tangestaninejad S, Mohammadpoor-Baltork I. Stability enhancement of perovskite solar cells using multifunctional inorganic materials with UV protective, self cleaning, and high wear resistance properties. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6466. [PMID: 38499593 PMCID: PMC10948775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskite solar cells have reached a high power conversion efficiency of up to 25.8% but suffered from poor long-term stability against environmental factors such as ultraviolet irradiation and humidity of the environment. Herein, two different multifunctional transparent coatings containing AZO and ZnO porous UV light absorbers were employed on the front of the PSCs. This strategy is designed to improve the long-term stability of PSCs against UV irradiation. Moreover, the provided coatings exhibit two additional roles, including self-cleaning and high wear resistance. In this regard, AZO coating showed higher wear resistance compared to the ZnO coating. The photocatalytic self-cleaning properties of these prepared coatings make them stable against environmental pollutants. Furthermore, appropriate mechanical properties such as high hardness and low coefficient of friction that leads to high resistance against wear are other features of these coatings. The devices with AZO/Glass/FTO/meso-TiO2/Perovskite/spiro/Au and ZnO/Glass/FTO/meso-TiO2/Perovskite/spiro/Au configurations maintained 40% and 30% of their initial performance for 100 h during 11 days (9 h per day) against the UV light with the high intensity of 50 mW cm-2 which is due to higher absorption of AZO compared with ZnO in the ultraviolet region. Since AZO has a higher light transmission in the visible region in comparison to ZnO, perovskite cells with AZO protective layers have higher efficiency than perovskite cells with ZnO layers. It is worth noting that the mentioned features make these coatings usable for cover glass in all types of solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Keshavarzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Valiollah Mirkhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Majid Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
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2
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Srikrishnarka P, Kumaran D, Kini AR, Kumar V, Nagar A, Islam MR, Nagarajan R, Pradeep T. Observing Real-Time Adhesion of Microparticles on Glass Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:17071-17079. [PMID: 37971209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Fouling on glass surfaces reduces the solar panel efficiency and increases water consumption for cleaning. Superhydrophobic coatings on glass enable self-cleaning by allowing water droplets to carry away dirt particles. Observing the interaction between charged particles and surfaces provides insights into effective cleaning. Using a high-speed camera and a long-distance objective, we analyzed the in situ deposition of variously functionalized and charged silica dust microparticles on chemically treated glass. The ambient charges for the control, hydrophobic, and positively charged particles were approximately -0.5, -0.13, and +0.5 nC, respectively. We found that a positively charged particle of 2.3 ± 1.2 μm diameter adhered to hydroxylated glass in ∼0.054 s, compared to 0.40 and 0.45 s for quaternary ammonium- and fluorosilane-functionalized hydrophobic glass. Experiments suggest that quaternary ammonium-functionalized glass surfaces are about 77.8% more resistant to soiling than bare surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pillalamarri Srikrishnarka
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Dhivyaraja Kumaran
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Amoghavarsha Ramachandra Kini
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ankit Nagar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ramamurthy Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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3
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Li M, Hu H, Zhang M, Ding H, Wen J, Xie L, Du P. Droplet Transportation on Liquid-Infused Asymmetrically Structured Surfaces by Mechanical Oscillation and Viscosity Control. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16315-16327. [PMID: 37881899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The transportation of droplets on solid surfaces has received significant attention owing to its importance in biochemical analysis and microfluidics. In this study, we propose a novel strategy for controlling droplet motion by combining an asymmetric structure and infused lubricating oil on a vibrating substrate. The transportation of droplets with volumes ranging from 10 to 90 μL was realized, and the movement speed could be adjusted from 1.45 to 10.87 mm/s. Typical droplet manipulations, including droplet transportation along a long trajectory and selective movement of multiple droplets, were successfully demonstrated. Through experimental exploration and theoretical analysis, we showed that the adjustment of droplet transport velocity involves an intricate interaction among the Ohnesorge number, droplet volume, and input amplitude. It can potentially be used for the more complex manipulation of liquid droplets in microfluidic and biochemical analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Haibao Hu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen; Sanhang Science & Technology Buliding, No. 45th, Gaoxin South ninth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, 518063, China
| | - Mengzhuo Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jun Wen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Luo Xie
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Peng Du
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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4
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Son C, Yang Z, Kim S, Ferreira PM, Feng J, Kim S. Bidirectional Droplet Manipulation on Magnetically Actuated Superhydrophobic Ratchet Surfaces. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37856876 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Droplet manipulation has garnered significant attention in various fields due to its wide range of applications. Among many different methods, magnetic actuation has emerged as a promising approach for remote and instantaneous droplet manipulation. In this study, we present the bidirectional droplet manipulation on a magnetically actuated superhydrophobic ratchet surface. The surface consists of silicon strips anchored on elastomer ridges with superhydrophobic black silicon structures on the top side and magnetic layers on the bottom side. The soft magnetic properties of the strips enable their bidirectional tilting to form a ratchet surface and thus bidirectional droplet manipulation upon varying external magnetic field location and strength. Computational multiphysics models were developed to predict the tilting of the strips, demonstrating the concept of bidirectional tilting along with a tilting angle hysteresis theory. Experimental results confirmed the soft magnetic hysteresis and consequential bidirectional tilting of the strips. The superhydrophobic ratchet surface formed by the tilting strips induced the bidirectional self-propulsion of dispensed droplets through the Laplace pressure gradient, and the horizontal acceleration of the droplets was found to be positively correlated with the tilting angle of the strips. Additionally, a finite element analysis was conducted to identify the critical conditions for dispensed droplet penetration through the gaps between the strips, which hinder the droplet's self-propulsion. The models and findings here provide substantial insights into the design and optimization of magnetically actuated superhydrophobic ratchet surfaces to manipulate droplets in the context of digital microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangHee Son
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Seungbeom Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Placid M Ferreira
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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5
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Lee SS, Micklow L, Tunell A, Chien KC, Mohanty S, Cates N, Furst S, Chang CH. Engineering Large-Area Antidust Surfaces by Harnessing Interparticle Forces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13678-13688. [PMID: 36811627 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dust accumulation is detrimental to optical elements, electronic devices, and mechanical systems and is a significant problem in space missions and renewable energy deployment. In this paper, we report the demonstration of antidust nanostructured surfaces that can remove close to 98% of lunar particles solely via gravity. The dust mitigation is driven by a novel mechanism, whereby particle removal is facilitated by the formation of particle aggregates due to interparticle forces, allowing the particles to be removed in the presence of other particles. The structures are fabricated using a highly scalable nanocoining and nanoimprint process, where nanostructures with precise geometry and surface properties are patterned on polycarbonate substrates. The dust mitigation properties of the nanostructures have been characterized using optical metrology, electron microscopy, and image processing algorithms to demonstrate that the surfaces can be engineered to remove nearly all of the particles above 2 μm in size in the presence of Earth's gravity. Compared to the 35.0% area coverage on a smooth polycarbonate surface, the particle coverage on nanostructures with 500 nm period is significantly reduced to 2.4%, an improvement of 93%. This work enhances the understanding of the particulate adhesion on textured surfaces and demonstrates a scalable, effective solution to antidust surfaces that can be broadly applied to windows, solar panels, and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Lee
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lauren Micklow
- Smart Material Solutions, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Andrew Tunell
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kun-Chieh Chien
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Saurav Mohanty
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nichole Cates
- Smart Material Solutions, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Stephen Furst
- Smart Material Solutions, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Yilbas BS, Abubakar AA, Adukwu JE, Hassan G, Al-Qahtani H, Al-Sharafi A, Unal M, Alzaydi A. Water droplet behavior in between hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces and dust mitigation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28788-28799. [PMID: 36320528 PMCID: PMC9549572 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04845k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative method is introduced for environmental dust mitigation from a hydrophobic surface by a sessile water droplet. The sessile water droplet is located between two parallel plates having hydrophilic (at the top) and hydrophobic (at the bottom) states. The water droplet is located at the top hydrophilic plate, and the effect of the plate spacing on dust mitigation rate is examined. The droplet behavior is analyzed for different plate spacings and various droplet sizes using a high-speed camera. The fluid and the particle motions are simulated inside the droplet while adopting the experimental conditions. The findings demonstrate that the sessile droplet can effectively mitigate dust. Reducing the plate spacing increases the droplet meniscus diameter and enhances the dust removal rate. The surface tension force on the hydrophilic surface remains greater than that of the pinning force on the dusty hydrophobic surface even though the Magdeburg and surface tension forces contribute to the droplet pinning force on the hydrophobic dusty surface. Flow current is developed in the droplet fluid during the squeezing period, which considerably enhances the dust removal rate from the hydrophobic surface. The cleaned area increases with the droplet volume and plate spacing. Stria patterns are observed on the circumference of the dust-removed area. The present study provides a detailed analysis of a new method of dust removal from surfaces for self-cleaning applications. An innovative method is introduced for environmental dust mitigation from a hydrophobic surface by a sessile water droplet.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Sami Yilbas
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia+966 3 860 4481,IRC for Renewable Energy and Power, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia,K. A. CARE Energy Research & Innovation CenterDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia,Turkish Japanese University of Science and TechnologyIstanbulTurkey
| | - Abba Abdulhamid Abubakar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia+966 3 860 4481
| | - Johnny Ebaika Adukwu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia+966 3 860 4481
| | - Ghassan Hassan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia+966 3 860 4481,IRC for Renewable Energy and Power, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia,K. A. CARE Energy Research & Innovation CenterDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Al-Qahtani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia+966 3 860 4481,IRC for Renewable Energy and Power, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Sharafi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia+966 3 860 4481,IRC for Renewable Energy and Power, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia,K. A. CARE Energy Research & Innovation CenterDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ammar Alzaydi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia+966 3 860 4481
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7
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Oh S, Cho J, Lee J, Han J, Kim S, Nam Y. A Scalable Haze-Free Antireflective Hierarchical Surface with Self-Cleaning Capability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202781. [PMID: 35901503 PMCID: PMC9507353 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lotus effect indicates that a superhydrophobic, self-cleaning surface can be obtained by roughening the topography of a hydrophobic surface. However, attaining high transmittance and clarity through a roughened surface remains challenging because of its strong scattering characteristics. Here, a haze-free, antireflective superhydrophobic surface that consists of hierarchically designed nanoparticles is demonstrated. Close-packed, deep-subwavelength-scale colloidal silica nanoparticles and their upper, chain-like fumed silica nanoparticles individually fulfill haze-free broadband antireflection and self-cleaning functions. These double-layered hierarchical surfaces are obtained via a scalable spraying process that permits precise control over the coating morphology to attain the desired optical and wetting properties. They provide a "specular" visible transmittance of >97% when double-side coated and a record-high self-cleaning capability with a near-zero sliding angle. Self-cleaning experiments on photovoltaic devices verify that the developed surfaces can significantly enhance power conversion efficiencies and aid in retaining pristine device performance in a dusty environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungtae Oh
- Carbon Neutral Technology R&D DepartmentKorea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)Cheonan31056Republic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Woo Cho
- Department of Applied PhysicsKyung Hee UniversityYongin17104Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Lee
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Sun‐Kyung Kim
- Department of Applied PhysicsKyung Hee UniversityYongin17104Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsuk Nam
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
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8
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Bazarbayev R, Zhou B, Allaniyazov A, Zeng G, Mamedov D, Ivanitskaya E, Wei Q, Qian H, Yakubov K, Ghali M, Karazhanov S. Physical and chemical properties of dust in the Pre-Aral region of Uzbekistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40893-40902. [PMID: 35084677 PMCID: PMC9135847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is study of physical and chemical properties of dust of the Pre-Aral region of Uzbekistan such as Karakalpakstan and Khorezm that are located near the three deserts such as the Aralkum, Karakum, and Kyzylkum. The dust particles fell on glass have been collected in Karakalpakstan and Khorezm and studied systematically by employing wide range of methods. Particle volume vs size distribution has been measured with maximum around 600 nm and ~ 10 µm. The major and minor constituent materials present in the dust have been studied systematically by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Main characteristic absorption bands corresponding to Si-O, Si-O-Si bonding in quartz and Fe-O bonds in hematite Fe2O3 have been identified by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Quartz, hematite, lime, corundum, magnesia, and several other trace minerals have been identified in the dust particles. X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to quartz, hematite, and corundum are sharp and are found to be more crystalline with some level of disorder. Analysis of the particle size and crystallinity on human being has been performed: disordered or crystalline quartz can create the lung disease; the particles in the size of 0.5-0.7 µm may produce diseases such as chronic silicosis, silicosis, and silica tuberculosis whereas hematite might create lung disease. Dust particles worsen optical transmittance of glass of the panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Bazarbayev
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan
| | - Biao Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Atabek Allaniyazov
- Department of Physics, Karakalpak State University, Nukus, Republic of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
| | - Guanggen Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Damir Mamedov
- Department for Solar Energy, Institute for Energy Technology, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway
- Department of Materials Science, National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia Ivanitskaya
- Department of Materials Science, National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Qingzhu Wei
- Suzhou Talesun Solar Technologies Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215542, Changshu, China
| | - Hongqiang Qian
- Suzhou Talesun Solar Technologies Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215542, Changshu, China
| | - Komiljon Yakubov
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan
| | - Mohsen Ghali
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Smagul Karazhanov
- Department for Solar Energy, Institute for Energy Technology, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway.
- Department of Materials Science, National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia.
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10
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Sisodia AK, Mathur R. Performance enhancement of solar photovoltaic (PV) module using a novel flat plate (NFP) glass cover by reducing the effect of bird dropping (BD) settlement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:6104-6124. [PMID: 34435292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A massive bird dropping (BD) deposition on the common rectangular flat plate (RFP) of photovoltaic (PV) module is a matter of great concern in Western Rajasthan (WR) that diminish the overall energy production capacity of the system remarkably. In this research article, a prototype novel flat plate (NFP) design of a front glass cover of PV module is proposed to prevent the impact of BD settlement by the restriction of bird's sitting/movement on the front glass cover. In this regard, the performance analysis of PV module with common RFP and newly designed NFP glass covers has been assessed at the different inclination β° (0-90). The BD accumulation onto the both glass covers was explored by the optical transmittance profiles at the different tilt angles, i.e., explained by bird movement on each flat glass surfaces. Consequently, a significant amount of output electric energy has been gained in NFP design rather than RFP corresponding to particular tilt regions TR I (0° ≤ β ≤ 25°), TR II (25° ≤ β ≤ 60°), and TR III (60° ≤ β ≤ 90°). According to the results achieved, an excellent level of improvement in average power loss, ~ 97.85%, corresponding to optimal TR (III) has been detected by employing NFP glass collector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Sisodia
- Department of Physics, Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan Government College, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305009, India.
- Department of Physics, Government Bangur Postgraduate College, Pali, affiliated to Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 306401, India.
| | - Ramkumar Mathur
- Department of Physics, Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan Government College, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305009, India
- Department of Physics, Dayanand College, Ajmer, affiliated to Maharshi Dayanand University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305001, India
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11
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Khaskhoussi A, Calabrese L, Patané S, Proverbio E. Effect of Chemical Surface Texturing on the Superhydrophobic Behavior of Micro-Nano-Roughened AA6082 Surfaces. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7161. [PMID: 34885310 PMCID: PMC8658164 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces on 6082 aluminum alloy substrates are tailored by low-cost chemical surface treatments coupled to a fluorine-free alkyl-silane coating deposition. In particular, three different surface treatments are investigated: boiling water, HF/HCl, and HNO3/HCl etching. The results show that the micro-nano structure and the wetting behavior are greatly influenced by the applied surface texturing treatment. After silanization, all the textured surfaces exhibit a superhydrophobic behavior. The highest water contact angle (WCA, ≈180°) is obtained by HF/HCl etching. Interestingly, the water sliding angle (WSA) is affected by the anisotropic surface characteristics. Indeed, for the HF/HCl and the HNO3/HCl samples, the WSA in the longitudinal direction is lower than the transversal one, which slightly affects the self-cleaning capacity. The results point out that the superhydrophobic behavior of the aluminum alloys surface can be easily tailored by performing a two-step procedure: (i) roughening treatment and (ii) surface chemical silanization. Considering these promising results, the aim of further studies will be to improve the knowledge and optimize the process parameters in order to tailor a superhydrophobic surface with an effective performance in terms of stability and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Khaskhoussi
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio Sant’Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Luigi Calabrese
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio Sant’Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Patané
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F.S. D’Alcontres No. 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Proverbio
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio Sant’Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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12
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Ni E, Lu K, Song L, Jiang Y, Li H. Regular Self-Actuation of Liquid Metal Nanodroplets in Radial Texture Gradient Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13654-13663. [PMID: 34747618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal movement in microfluidic devices generally requires an external stimulus to achieve its motion, which results in many difficulties to precisely manipulate its motion at a nanoscale. Therefore, there is an attempt to control the motion of a liquid metal droplet without the input of an external force. In this paper, we report an approach to achieve the self-actuation of a gallium nanodroplet in radial texture gradients on substrates. The results have proved the validity of this method. It is suggested that there are four stages in the self-motion of the droplet and that the precursor film forming on the second stage plays a pivotal role in the motion. Furthermore, how the impact velocity affects the self-actuation of the nanodroplet on the gradient surface is also studied. We find that the moderate impacting velocity hinders the self-actuation of the gallium nanodroplet. This study is very helpful to regulate the self-actuation on patterned substrates and facilitate their applications in the fields of microfluidics devices, soft robots, and liquid sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Ni
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Kaida Lu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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Yilbas BS, Yakubu M, Abubakar AA, Al-Qahtani H, Sahin A, Al-Sharafi A. On the mechanism of droplet rolling and spinning in inclined hydrophobic plates in wedge with different wetting states. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15086. [PMID: 34302011 PMCID: PMC8302624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A water droplet rolling and spinning in an inclined hydrophobic wedge with different wetting states of wedge plates is examined pertinent to self-cleaning applications. The droplet motion in the hydrophobic wedge is simulated in 3D space incorporating the experimental data. A high-speed recording system is used to store the motion of droplets in 3D space and a tracker program is utilized to quantify the recorded data in terms of droplet translational, rotational, spinning, and slipping velocities. The predictions of flow velocity in the droplet fluid are compared with those of experimental results. The findings revealed that velocity predictions agree with those of the experimental results. Tangential momentum generated, via droplet adhesion along the three-phase contact line on the hydrophobic plate surfaces, creates the spinning motion on the rolling droplet in the wedge. The flow field generated in the droplet fluid is considerably influenced by the shear rate created at the interface between the droplet fluid and hydrophobic plate surfaces. Besides, droplet wobbling under the influence of gravity contributes to the flow inside the rolling and spinning droplet. The parallel-sided droplet path is resulted for droplet emerging from the wedge over the dusty surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Sami Yilbas
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRE-RE), KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
- Senior Researcher at K.A. CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center at Dhahran, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mubarak Yakubu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abba Abdulhamid Abubakar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Al-Qahtani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmet Sahin
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Sharafi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRE-RE), KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Senior Researcher at K.A. CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center at Dhahran, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Son C, Ji B, Park J, Feng J, Kim S. A Magnetically Actuated Superhydrophobic Ratchet Surface for Droplet Manipulation. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:325. [PMID: 33808660 PMCID: PMC8003513 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A water droplet dispensed on a superhydrophobic ratchet surface is formed into an asymmetric shape, which creates a Laplace pressure gradient due to the contact angle difference between two sides. This work presents a magnetically actuated superhydrophobic ratchet surface composed of nanostructured black silicon strips on elastomer ridges. Uniformly magnetized NdFeB layers sputtered under the black silicon strips enable an external magnetic field to tilt the black silicon strips and form a superhydrophobic ratchet surface. Due to the dynamically controllable Laplace pressure gradient, a water droplet on the reported ratchet surface experiences different forces on two sides, which are explored in this work. Here, the detailed fabrication procedure and the related magnetomechanical model are provided. In addition, the resultant asymmetric spreading of a water droplet is studied. Finally, droplet impact characteristics are investigated in three different behaviors of deposition, rebound, and penetration depending on the impact speed. The findings in this work are exploitable for further droplet manipulation studies based on a dynamically controllable superhydrophobic ratchet surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangHee Son
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (C.S.); (B.J.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
| | - BingQiang Ji
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (C.S.); (B.J.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
| | - JunKyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (C.S.); (B.J.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (C.S.); (B.J.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (C.S.); (B.J.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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